EP2223486A2 - Method and apparatus for enhancing signal carrier performance in wireless networks - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for enhancing signal carrier performance in wireless networksInfo
- Publication number
- EP2223486A2 EP2223486A2 EP08848675A EP08848675A EP2223486A2 EP 2223486 A2 EP2223486 A2 EP 2223486A2 EP 08848675 A EP08848675 A EP 08848675A EP 08848675 A EP08848675 A EP 08848675A EP 2223486 A2 EP2223486 A2 EP 2223486A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- modulated
- data signal
- signal
- particles
- particle beam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2/00—Demodulating light; Transferring the modulation of modulated light; Frequency-changing of light
- G02F2/004—Transferring the modulation of modulated light, i.e. transferring the information from one optical carrier of a first wavelength to a second optical carrier of a second wavelength, e.g. all-optical wavelength converter
Definitions
- the subject matter presented herein relates generally to wireless network communications systems, and more particularly, to a wireless communications network featuring enhanced signal carrier performance by the modulation of electromagnetic waves at, e.g., ultra high frequencies using a particle beam and a charge transformer.
- Known communications systems can feature the transmission of a signal using a carrier frequency that has been modulated in, for example, either the amplitude or time domains, or a combination of both in frequency, phase and amplitude modulation, whether digital or analog modulation schemes.
- a signal can be typically provided with data that is fed to a modulator that alters the amplitude, frequency or phase of a sinusoidal or other modulated electronic signal that is then fed to an antenna as a time-varying voltage and/or current.
- a particular radiation pattern can be generated that propagates through space and can be detected and amplified by a receiver tuned to a same frequency.
- RF radio frequency
- a method of communicating can comprise generating a data signal to be communicated; generating a high frequency carrier signal; combining the high frequency carrier signal with the data signal to create a modulated RF signal; transmitting the modulated RF signal to at least one directional antenna that is oriented in a principal plane; amplifying the modulated RF signal to a high enough voltage such that ionic fields are created at the edge of the directional antenna; increasing the voltage further to induce discharge arcing on at least one edge of the directional antenna, thereby creating a modulated particle beam that is oriented in the principal plane of the directional antenna; and directing the modulated particle beam to impinge upon an incident surface of a charge transformer; inducing the creation of radiated modulated electromagnetic (EM) waves such that the modulated EM waves are received in a receiver for demodulating the modulated EM waves in the receiver and extracting the data signal.
- EM radiated modulated electromagnetic
- a communications system can comprise a charged particle generator configured to generate plural energized particles; and a charge transformer configured to receive the plural energized particles that include charged particles from the charged particle generator and to output energized particles that include particles having substantially zero charge, wherein the charged particle generator is configured to direct the plural energized particles through the charge transformer such that they can be received in a receiver.
- FIG. 1 shows a functional block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a wireless communications system.
- FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of an alternate embodiment of a wireless communications system.
- FIG. 3 shows a simplified cross-sectional view of portions of an exemplary embodiment of a wireless communications system.
- FIG. 4 shows a flow chart for an exemplary method for improved communications.
- FIG. 5 shows a flow chart for another exemplary method for improved communications.
- exemplary embodiments of a wireless communications system can include a charged particle generator 100 configured to generate plural energized particles and a charge transformer 114 configured to receive the plural energized particles that include charged particles from the charged particle generator and to output energized particles that include particles having substantially zero charge.
- the charged particle generator 100 can be configured to direct the plural energized particles through the charge transformer 114 to propagate through free space until received by a broadband signal receiver 118, for example, which can demodulate a data signal to complete the data communication.
- the plural energized particles can be in the form of a photon particle wave, e.g., a mixture or cross-generation of photons and electrons.
- Power and control components will be known to those of skill in the art.
- energized particle generator 100 can include a DC power supply 102 and DC-to-AC converter 104.
- charged particle generator 100 can include charged particle emitter 106.
- charged particle emitter 106 can include any suitable source of electromagnetic (EM) energy, particularly microwaves.
- charged particle emitter 106 may include known magnetrons.
- charged particle emitter 106 may include solid-state power amplifiers, gyrotrons, traveling wave tubes (TWTs), and/or klystrons.
- charged particle emitter 106 may be a lower- power source and may generate energy levels of approximately 1 kilowatt (kW) to approximately 100 kW or greater, although the scope is not limited in this respect.
- an RF data signal to be communicated can be formed using known wireless communications techniques. This RF data signal can then be transmitted to a plurality of directional antenna devices, for example, which may be included in waveguide 110. By the amplification of the RF data signal to a very high signal voltage and subsequent application of this amplified RF data signal to the directional antenna devices, an ionic discharge at the antennas can occurs that can transform the RF data signal into a directed particle beam.
- waveguide 110 can be configured to minimize backscatter of the energized particles using known techniques. For example, using a plurality of backscatter reflectors, which can be included in waveguide 110 in proximity to the directional antennas, the particle beam can then be further focused and directed via waveguide 110 as an electromagnetic wavefront 112 to impinge on the surface of charge transformer 114.
- Suitable charged particle emitters that can form a photon particle wave include known energy emission devices such as free electron lasers and discharges or arcs at edges of planar antennae, for example, spark gap generators.
- charged particle emitter 106 may include a free electron laser, or FEL.
- a FEL is a laser that shares the same optical properties as conventional lasers such as emitting a beam consisting of coherent electromagnetic radiation which can reach high power, but which uses some very different operating principles to form the beam.
- gas, liquid, or solid-state lasers such as diode lasers, which rely on bound atomic or molecular states
- FELs use a relativistic electron beam as the lasing medium, hence the term free electron. This gives them a wide frequency range compared to other laser types, and makes many of them widely tunable, currently ranging in wavelength from microwaves, through terahertz radiation and infrared, to the visible spectrum, to ultraviolet, to soft X-rays.
- charged particle emitter 106 can include an excitation signal, produced by known signal generation devices, for example.
- an excitation signal could be a 120 VAC clipped (square) wave that can have an effect of driving a magnetron outside of a typical 2.45 GHz frequency, for example.
- 120 VAC square wave excitation signal when a 120 VAC square wave excitation signal is applied to a magnetron, bandwidths on the order of 0 to 10 GHz can be achieved.
- 106 can be a photon particle wave that can include a mixture of photons and electrons.
- charged particle generator 100 can include an energized particle, e.g., photon and/or particle beam or wave, forming module 108.
- energized particle (photon particle beam or wave) forming module 108 can be positioned in a throat section of a waveguide launcher between charged particle emitter 106 and waveguide 110.
- energized particle forming module 108 can be made of an electropositive material, such as a polycarbonate sheet. In an embodiment, this material can include DELRIN manufactured by DuPont. In an embodiment, energized particle forming module 108 can act like a roughing filter, i.e., it can start the process of reducing the charge of the charged particles in the mixture of photons and electrons. After passing through energized particle forming module 108, the mixture of photons and electrons can then be directed via waveguide 110 as an electromagnetic wavefront 112 to impinge on the surface of charge transformer 114.
- an electropositive material such as a polycarbonate sheet. In an embodiment, this material can include DELRIN manufactured by DuPont.
- energized particle forming module 108 can act like a roughing filter, i.e., it can start the process of reducing the charge of the charged particles in the mixture of photons and electrons. After passing through energized particle forming module 108, the mixture of photons and electrons can then
- waveguide 110 can include a hollow conducting tube, which may be rectangular or circular, for example, within which EM waves can be propagated. Signals can propagate within the confines of metallic walls, for example, that act as boundaries.
- waveguide 110 can be configured as a circularly polarized antenna and may radiate substantially circularly polarized energy.
- waveguide 110 may be linearly polarized and may radiate signals with a linear polarization (e.g., a horizontal and/or a vertical polarization).
- Antennas in many shapes, such as horns, lenses, planar arrays, and reflectors may be suitable in some of these embodiments.
- exemplary waveguide 110 can be configured as part of a device that can include a magnetron portion, a throat section of a waveguide launcher area that can include energized particle forming module 108 positioned between charged particle emitter 106 and waveguide 110, and a cone-like portion or horn.
- a magnetron can be placed in the magnetron portion such that there can be a three-inch gap between the top of the magnetron's cathode and the top of the enclosure.
- waveguide 110 can be designed to promote sufficient velocity of the photon particle wave that can include a mixture of photons and electrons particles, here designated as EM wavefront 112, moving through the waveguide 110.
- x refers to a length of exemplary waveguide 110 (which can include energized particle forming module 108) and y refers to a height of an aperture opening at the end of waveguide 110.
- the ratio of x/y can be approximately 3 to 3.5 to 1 to promote sufficient velocity of the particles moving through the waveguide 110. For example, assuming that the aperture opening height (y) is six inches, then waveguide 110 length can be from 18 to 21 inches.
- a length of waveguide 110 can be based on the ratio of six times the air gap above an exemplary magnetron's cathode. Using the previously mentioned three-inch gap, this results in a waveguide length of eighteen inches.
- the aperture opening can be generally rectangular.
- the aperture opening width can be eight inches for an aperture opening height (y) of six inches.
- the length of the launcher area before the waveguide 110 can be approximately two inches.
- the interior surface of exemplary waveguide 110 can be coated with approximately two mils (0.002 inches) of a noble metal, such as 14-carat gold.
- a noble metal such as 14-carat gold.
- Other noble metals can include ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum.
- Such a coating can improve the gain characteristics of waveguide 110.
- An example of a suitable coating process that can be used to enhance the performance of antennas or waveguides may be found in U.S. Patent No. 7,221 ,329, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- EM wavefront 112 can be directed through charge transformer 114.
- charge transformer 112 can have dielectric and physical characteristics such that the energized charged particles, e.g., electrons, in an EM wavefront 112 can be transformed. While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, this may be done either by changing characteristics of the particle, or by generation or emission of different particles as a result thereof, thereby creating a wavefront 116 at the output of the charge transformer 114.
- Wavefront 116 can have the modulation properties of the original RF data signal and propagate through free space until received by broadband signal receiver 118, for example, which can demodulate a data signal to complete the data communication.
- a 600 W magnetron can produce a wavefront 116 of about 10 mW/cm2 at the aperture, which can result in about 2 mW/cm2 at 1 meter from the aperture.
- charge transformer 114 can include an incident surface for receiving the EM wavefront 112 and an exit surface for radiating the wavefront 116.
- charge transformer 114 can include a composite of glass and/or polycarbonate materials, for example, and can vary in shape.
- flat plates or panes with parallel surfaces can be used as well as convex lenses of a desired focal length.
- Hybrid configurations with parallel surfaces at the center and convex surfaces at the edges can also be acceptable configurations.
- electronegative/electropositive material pair i.e., an electronegative layer next to an electropositive layer, or vice versa, that first receives EM wavefront 112, followed by approximately 1/2 inch of glass or quartz, followed by two electronegative layers.
- this assembly of layers can be vacuum-sealed in ABS plastic.
- Suitable materials for the electronegative/electropositive material pair can include known materials that can exhibit electronegative/electropositive behavior.
- an electropositive material can include a polycarbonate sheet made of DELRIN, for example. Suitable polycarbonate can also be chosen for electronegative layers.
- plate glass can be sputtered with metal oxides to achieve desired electronegative/electropositive behavior.
- the approximately 1/2 inch of glass layer can include leaded glass if additional dampening of the emitted zero-charge particle stream is desired.
- horizontal and/or vertical slits or other openings can be formed into or cut out of charge transformer 114 so that in addition to wavefront 116 propagating from charge transformer 114, charged particles in EM wavefront 112 can also propagate from the device.
- a controlled amount of charged particles along with wavefront 116 may be useful depending on the operating environment.
- the slits or other openings may be adjustable by an operator using known methods and/or materials. For example, tape, a slide mechanism, or an aperture mechanism could be used to adjust the slits.
- Charge transformer 114 may incorporate known coating materials or multiple deposition layers on either the incident surface or the exit surface to aid in the wavefront 116 generation, and/or have abrasion or polishing performed on either surface to enhance desired characteristics of the charge transformer 114. Similarly, side surfaces may have similar operations performed to enhance the desired charge transformer 114 characteristics. Other compositions materials and combinations of materials may be used in the fabrication of the charge transformer 114 to achieve desired transformation effects. Additionally, other geometries may be used for charge transformer 114, including, without limitation, stacking additional charge transformer components in combinations that may reflect, refract or redirect EM wavefront 112.
- wavefront 116 after exiting charge transformer 114, is shown in FIGs. 1 and 2 propagating through free space until received by a broadband signal receiver 118, for example, which can demodulate a data signal to complete the data communication.
- a sighting device such as a laser, rifle scope or sight, can be incorporated into an exemplary directed-energy system and used to help direct the wavefront 116.
- Transforming the plural energized particles within the charge transformer can include laterally aligning the plural energized particles to produce a polarization of the plural energized particles.
- the plural energized particles can be generated by cross-generation of photons and electrons.
- charge transformer 114 and waveguide 110 can be made larger or smaller and can have different dimensions and geometries depending, for example, on the power or distance requirements of a particular application.
- an exemplary charged particle emitter 106 may be configured by those skilled in the art to have multiple voltages, frequencies, and power levels.
- the precise theory of operation of the charged particle generator 100 in combination with the charge transformer 114 may not be not entirely understood. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that the charge transformer 114 reduces the charge in the EM wavefront 112. Based on empirical data to date, it has been determined through experimentation, using, for example, exemplary embodiments described herein, that the particles in wavefront 116 are at a zero- charge state and approximately the same mass as an electron (9.10938188 * 10-31 kilograms).
- directional planar antennas as described in the referenced PCT International Pub. No. WO2006/086658 titled "Antenna System,” can be used to create and focus a directed particle beam, thereby enhancing signal carrier performance in a wireless communications system.
- a brief description of an example of one such antenna will be described to aid in the understanding of the embodiments disclosed herein.
- an antenna can include a first insulating substrate extending in the principal plane of the antenna.
- the antenna can further include a first radiating element and a connected first conductor and can include a second radiating element and a connected second conductor.
- the antenna can further include a coupling conductor coupling the second radiating element and the first conductor.
- the first antenna can further includes a first coupler having a first signal conductor and a second signal conductor. The first signal conductor can be coupled to the second conductor, and the second signal conductor can be coupled to the first radiating element.
- radiating elements when RF signal currents are applied between the first and second signal conductors, radiating elements can resonate and operate as an antenna.
- the radiation that emanates from a radiating element can tend to emanate from the edge of the element, e.g., the edge of an etched copper, generally flat, shape.
- a composite radiation field pattern can be shaped and made highly directional.
- Each antenna configuration may be varied by size and shape to meet frequency requirements and impedance matching requirements according to known "patch radiator" technology. Such directional radiation effects can be incorporated in the embodiments disclosed herein.
- FIG. 2 also shows another embodiment of of a wireless communications system, similar to the FIG. 1 embodiment.
- the modulated RF data signal can be transmitted to waveguide 110 to be impressed on a directed particle beam that has not been modulated with a data signal.
- the directed particle beam of this alternate embodiment can be generated by inducing ionic discharge arcing at the edges of the plurality of antennas in waveguide 110 by applying a very high voltage unmodulated carrier signal similar to the FIG. 1 embodiment, but without including the data modulation signal.
- the un-modulated directed particle beam can traverse waveguide 110, wherein the modulated RF data signal from charged particle emitter 106 that has been amplified to create an E-field across the inner surfaces of waveguide 110 can impress the data modulation signal upon the directed particle beam to create EM wavefront 112 as in the FIG. 1 embodiment.
- EM wavefront 112 can then impinge on the surface of charge transformer 114, which can wavefront 116 that can be transmitted to receiver 118, which demodulates the data signal to complete the data communication.
- receiver 118 can be configured substantially same as shown in FIG. 3.
- a difference could be that in place of a magnetron, for example, a frequency downconverter using a pendulum, for example, can be configured to receive the zero-charge particles.
- the kinetic energy of the particles rather than an associated electromagnetic charge, can cause a resonant frequency.
- This resonant frequency may cause mechanical or physical oscillations, which may be converted by an exemplary frequency downconverter using a pendulum.
- the resulting signal can then be output to a suitable analyzer, for example.
- an exemplary method for communicating a data signal can include:
- Another exemplary method for communicating a data signal can include:
- generating an un-modulated particle beam further comprising generating a high frequency carrier signal; transmitting the high frequency carrier signal to at least one directional antenna that is oriented in a principal plane; amplifying the high frequency carrier signal to a high voltage such that ionic fields are created at the edge of the directional antenna; and increasing the voltage further to induce discharge arcing on at least one edge of the directional antenna, thereby creating an un-modulated particle beam that is oriented in the principal plane of the directional antenna;
- generating a modulated data signal further comprising generating a data signal to be communicated; and modulating the data signal;
- a communication system can feature enhanced signal carrier performance by using a particle generator to excite a plurality of ionized particles to an excitation level that can be uniquely associated with the data signal being transmitted.
- the ionized particles can then be transmitted via a directional antenna through a waveguide and can be directed toward a charge transformer that has a dielectric property such that the electrons of the excited particle beam can be, thereby creating a continuous electromagnetic (EM) wave at the output of the charge transformer that propagates toward and is received by a receiver.
- EM continuous electromagnetic
- the particle generator can include a plurality of antennas and reflectors, where each of the antennas can feature a generally planar design that can be excited to a high enough voltage to ionize the surrounding atmosphere and thus induce discharge arcing at the periphery of the antenna, thereby creating a broadband particle beam that can be directional in the plane of the antenna and can be further focused using the reflectors into a particle beam in a principal direction.
- each antenna within the particle generator can be generally different than the other antennae within the particle generator, with each antenna being characterized by a principal plane.
- a principal plane of a first antenna can be oblique to a principal plane of a second antenna, and the second antenna can have a principal plane that is oblique to a principal plane of a third antenna, etc.
- the combined effects of the differing antenna orientations can provide for a highly directional antenna radiation pattern.
- Different antennae can have varied sizes and shapes that can be dictated by the needs of the particular shape or configuration of the resultant radiation pattern.
- the unmodulated beam can be modulated by applying a varying voltage, that can be uniquely associated with a data signal to be transmitted, along the length of the waveguide.
- the modulated ionized particle beam can then be directed toward a charge transformer similar to that described in the first embodiment, wherein the electrons of the excited particle beam can be slowed, and a continuous wavefront can be created at the output of the charge transformer which propagates toward and is received and demodulated by a receiver.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US98719107P | 2007-11-12 | 2007-11-12 | |
US98769107P | 2007-11-13 | 2007-11-13 | |
PCT/US2008/012672 WO2009064392A2 (en) | 2007-11-12 | 2008-11-12 | Method and apparatus for enhancing signal carrier performance in wireless networks |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2223486A2 true EP2223486A2 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
EP2223486A4 EP2223486A4 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
Family
ID=40639380
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08848675A Withdrawn EP2223486A4 (en) | 2007-11-12 | 2008-11-12 | Method and apparatus for enhancing signal carrier performance in wireless networks |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2223486A4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009064392A2 (en) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6657594B2 (en) * | 2002-01-29 | 2003-12-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Plasma antenna system and method |
US20070259641A1 (en) * | 2006-05-05 | 2007-11-08 | Virgin Islands Microsystems, Inc. | Heterodyne receiver array using resonant structures |
-
2008
- 2008-11-12 WO PCT/US2008/012672 patent/WO2009064392A2/en active Application Filing
- 2008-11-12 EP EP08848675A patent/EP2223486A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6657594B2 (en) * | 2002-01-29 | 2003-12-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Plasma antenna system and method |
US20070259641A1 (en) * | 2006-05-05 | 2007-11-08 | Virgin Islands Microsystems, Inc. | Heterodyne receiver array using resonant structures |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of WO2009064392A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2009064392A3 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
WO2009064392A2 (en) | 2009-05-22 |
EP2223486A4 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
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