Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
  • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
  • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
  • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
  • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
  • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
  • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
  • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
  • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2210/00—Converter types
  • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
  • H02J7/1446—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle in response to parameters of a vehicle
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
  • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles

Definitions

• the present invention is in the field of electric power supply of motor vehicles.
• this invention is in the field of management of the storage of electrical energy in motor vehicles whose traction system uses at least the electrical energy.
• These motor vehicles are, for example, electric type vehicles, or hybrid type vehicles.
• electrochemical accumulator batteries offer low power, both in charge and discharge, and have a limited life. As a result, it is necessary to regularly change the entire battery, which represents relatively high maintenance and maintenance costs.
• a coupled use of different electrical energy storage systems such as an electrochemical accumulator system coupled to a supercapacitor system.
• a supercapacitor is a capacitor made in such a way that it makes it possible to obtain an intermediate power density and energy density between the batteries and the conventional electrolytic capacitors.
• these supercapacitors have a greater electrical energy storage capacity than conventional capacitors, while allowing a return of this energy faster than a conventional battery.
• the two storage systems are interconnected by simple conductors, and do not implement any method of distribution of electrical energy between the two systems.
• the two systems are generally connected to each other in parallel, and the balancing of voltages, imposed by the laws of electricity, leads to natural energy exchanges, at any moment, between the systems. Consequently, the distribution of the electrical energy obtained is not always optimal with respect to the mode of operation of the vehicle, and therefore the energy requirements at each moment. Indeed, it may happen that the main power system is not fully recharged, while the vehicle is in an all-electric mode of operation, during which a large amount of electrical power is needed at the same time.
• the global energy storage system therefore has average performance, particularly in terms of the availability of electrical energy, and therefore the response time of the system to a solicitation.
• the invention aims to remedy, at least in part, these drawbacks by providing a method for managing the storage of electrical energy in at least two electrical storage devices. So more precisely, the invention aims to provide a method for effectively distributing the electrical energy between different storage devices, in particular according to the characteristics of these devices, as well as a mode of operation of the vehicle.
• the invention relates to a method for managing the storage of electrical energy in a storage system comprising a first and a second storage device connected by a power converter device, the second device being intended to supply an electrical circuit of motor vehicle.
• - parameters representative of an operating mode of the vehicle are determined, - a charging objective of the second device is determined, according to the operating mode of the vehicle, and
• the energy converter is piloted so as to allow a transfer of energy from one of the devices to the other, so as to reach and maintain the state of charge of the second storage device at the level of the charging goal.
• the method further comprises the step of determining, in addition to the parameters representative of a mode of operation of the vehicle, state parameters, representing the state of the storage devices, and driving the converter by providing a control signal dependent on these parameters.
• the state parameters of a storage device are included in the group comprising: the electrical charge of a device, the voltage at the terminals of this device, the operating temperature of this device, and the values circulating electric currents in the conductors connecting the devices to the electrical converter, or connecting the second device to the circuit to be powered.
• the circuit to be powered comprises the traction system of the vehicle and possibly, in some embodiments, any other secondary electrical circuit, in particular for the supply of various electrical and / or electronic devices, or consumers installed in the vehicle.
• the traction system uses electrical energy, or on the contrary product.
• the operating principle of a hybrid vehicle is such that, in certain driving phases, for example a high speed driving phase with few accelerations and decelerations, the traction system is powered by the engine. which produces electrical energy.
• the possibility is provided during the deceleration phases of recovering the electrical energy produced by the heat engine for future use. In this case, it is necessary to be able to store this produced energy, if necessary, and it is therefore useful to keep the second storage device in a very light state, in order to allow recovery and storage of energy. a large amount of energy produced.
• the parameters representative of the operating state of the vehicle may be of different types, depending on the embodiments: it may be motor parameters, for example the engine speed, - It may be electrical parameters, such as the operating mode of the vehicle electrical system, or the forecast of future energy demands, it may be vehicle parameters, resulting from the combination of two or more elements among : motor parameters, driving constraints, and user instructions; an example of a vehicle parameter is the speed of the vehicle.
• the modes of operation of the vehicle are, in one embodiment, determined according to the driving conditions, for example an urban mode and an extra-urban mode. In another embodiment, they are determined according to the characteristics of the vehicle, for example all electric or hybrid.
• the method comprises the step of determining, in addition to the parameters representative of a mode of operation of the vehicle, state parameters, representing the state of the storage devices, and of controlling the converter by providing a control signal dependent on these parameters.
• the charging objective is determined so as to guarantee a margin of charge or discharge of the second storage device, compatible with the requirements of consumption or production of the electrical system of the vehicle.
• the operating principle of a hybrid vehicle is such that, when the vehicle is in a rolling phase at high speed, and with small variations, typically a highway travel, the vehicle traction system produces electrical energy.
• the possibility is provided of recovering the electrical energy produced by the heat engine for future use. Consequently, in such rolling situations, it is useful for the second storage device, connected to the traction system, not to be in a fully charged state, in order to be able to store the energy produced as it goes along. .
• the charging objective is determined as follows:
• the charging objective is set at approximately half of the maximum load of the second device, when the vehicle is in purely electric operation mode, the load objective is set at 100% of the maximum load of the second device, and
• the charging objective is set to 0.
• the load objective is set at a value between 45% and 55% of the maximum load.
• the charging objective is set at a value of between 49% and 51%, typically at 50% of the maximum charge of the second storage device.
• the power converter used during the implementation of a method according to the invention has a limited maximum power, which depends on the type of converter.
• the second storage device it is possible for the second storage device to reach a load level of 100%, for example when the operating conditions of the vehicle are such that the electrical energy is produced too quickly or in too large a quantity.
• the method comprises the following steps: the state of charge of the first and / or second storage device is determined, if this state is a state of full charge or total depletion, or a state very close to one of these states, it transmits an information message to one or more electronic computer (s) installed (s) in the vehicle.
• an information message is transmitted to one or more electronic computer (s) installed in the vehicle, since the charge level of one of the storage devices is greater than 95% of its maximum load, or less than 5%.
• the second storage device which is directly connected to the circuit to be powered, is in one of these extreme situations, it results in the unavailability of the entire storage system, both to provide information. electrical energy than to receive it. It is therefore necessary to inform all computers and other electronic devices of the vehicle that they can no longer use or supply electrical power for a certain period.
• the first device the consequences are less troublesome for the operation of the vehicle, since this device is not used to feed directly to any body of the vehicle, but only to exchange energy with the second device, so as to optimally distribute the electrical energy between these two devices.
• the invention also relates to an electrical energy storage system, intended to be installed in a motor vehicle.
• This system is characterized in that it comprises: a first and a second device for storing electrical energy, - a power converter connecting the storage devices, and allowing energy transfers from one to the other ,
• a module for monitoring the energy exchanges making it possible to determine a charging objective of the second storage device and to control the power converter according to this objective, via a control channel, and
• the power converter In order to allow energy transfers, from the first device to the second or the second to the first, it is necessary that the power converter is reversible.
• system further comprises a communication channel for connecting the supervision module to at least one computer installed on the vehicle, so as to receive information relating to the operating state of the vehicle.
• the first storage device has a low power and a high energy
• the second storage device has a large power and a low energy
• the first storage device comprises a battery of electrochemical accumulators.
• the second storage device comprises a battery of supercapacitors.
• FIG. 1 shows a system according to the invention, allowing the implementation of a method according to the invention.
• the system shown in Figure 1 comprises a first electrical energy storage device 1, capable of storing a large amount of electrical energy, and a second storage device 2, capable of exchanging a large electrical power.
• the first storage device 1 is a battery of electrochemical accumulators
• the second storage device 2 is a battery of supercapacitors.
• a voltage converter 3 connected to the two storage devices 1 and 2, respectively via electrical conductors 5 and 6. This voltage converter makes it possible to perform electrical exchanges between the two devices 1 and 2, via the electrical conductors.
• the second storage device 2 is connected, via conductors 4, to the electrical circuit 7 to be powered.
• this electrical circuit comprises the traction system of an electric or hybrid vehicle and, optionally, any other secondary electrical circuit, in particular allowing the supply of various electronic devices installed in the vehicle.
• the system further comprises a supervision module 8 for all the elements of the storage system.
• This module comprises, in particular, a processor for receiving and processing a set of data corresponding to vehicle operating parameters, or parameters relating to the state of the storage devices 1 and 2.
• the parameters relating to the state storage devices are measured by means of sensors located near or inside the storage devices 1 and 2; the measurements are transmitted to the supervision module 8 via information path channels 10 and 11.
• the supervision module 8 controls the operation of the converter via a control channel 9.
• This channel makes it possible to send the converter control signals indicating whether it should allow a transfer of energy of a device. from storage to storage and, if so, in what sense and to what extent this transfer is to be made.
• the system is provided with a communication channel 12 and a connector 13, enabling the supervision module 8 to exchange information with other elements installed in the vehicle, notably computers controlling the electronic components of the on-board circuit.
• Such a communication channel is, for example, particularly useful for informing the different computers of the state of full load or the state of total depletion of one of the storage devices.
• this communication channel 12 enables the supervision module 8 to receive data representative of the state of the various electronic components of the vehicle, data which make it possible, in particular, to predict the upcoming loads in terms of the amount of electrical energy. .
• the supervision module 8 thus makes it possible to implement a method for managing the storage of electrical energy comprising, in a particular embodiment, the following steps:
• the supervision module 8 receives, via the channels 10 and 11, data relating to the storage devices 1 and 2, such as the electric charge, the electrical voltage or the internal temperature of these devices. , or data relating to the electrical conductors 4, 5 and 6, such as the value of the electric currents flowing in these conductors,
• the supervision module 8 also receives, via the channel 12, data relating to the operating state of the electric system of the vehicle, such as the quantity of electrical energy available in the storage system, a mode of operation of the electrical system of the vehicle, or a prediction of the energy demands of the storage system, and
• the supervision module 8 determines at any time a charging objective of the second storage device 2, and the electrical power to be exchanged between the storage devices 1 and 2 by means of the converter 3 , in order to control the maintenance of this objective, to guarantee at all times the availability of the control system. - From this determination, the supervision module transmits a control signal towards the converter 3, via the control channel 9.
• the present invention is not limited to systems having only two electrical energy storage devices. It can also be applied to any energy storage system comprising several storage devices of different types.
• the invention presented here thus makes it possible to provide a method and a system enabling active management of the power distribution between different energy storage devices installed in a vehicle.
• Such a system allows relatively substantial energy savings compared to known storage devices of comparable cost since, due to the distribution of energy according to the operating mode of the vehicle, there is no loss of energy. energy, since all the energy produced during rolling phases is stored for later use.
• this invention makes it possible to provide a storage device capable of supplying and accepting both a large amount of power and electrical energy.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 2007
  • 2007-12-14 FR FR0759860A patent/FR2925237B1/fr active Active
• 2008
  • 2008-12-11 WO PCT/FR2008/052273 patent/WO2009080993A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2008-12-11 CN CN2008801211021A patent/CN101904075B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-12-11 EP EP08863512A patent/EP2220742A2/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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