EP2220541A1 - Horloge atomique reglee par un champ statique et deux champs oscillants - Google Patents
Horloge atomique reglee par un champ statique et deux champs oscillantsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2220541A1 EP2220541A1 EP08860180A EP08860180A EP2220541A1 EP 2220541 A1 EP2220541 A1 EP 2220541A1 EP 08860180 A EP08860180 A EP 08860180A EP 08860180 A EP08860180 A EP 08860180A EP 2220541 A1 EP2220541 A1 EP 2220541A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- atomic clock
- frequency
- magnetic field
- field
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-BJUDXGSMSA-N helium-3 atom Chemical compound [3He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
Definitions
- the subject of this invention is an atomic clock set or dressed by two oscillating fields and a static field which are applied in a shield.
- Atomic clocks comprise an often alkaline gaseous medium, a device for exciting the atoms of this gas such as a laser, able to pass them to higher energy states, and a means for measuring a frequency signal emitted by atoms returning to the usual energy level, using the photons from the laser.
- the energy levels then appear as composed of sub-levels corresponding to slightly different states, which are distinguished by their magnetic quantum number m, 0 for a reference state of the energy level and -1, -2, etc. or +1, +2, etc. for the others.
- Energy levels are sensitive to the surrounding magnetic field. This sensitivity is low (of the second order) for the sub-level with the magnetic number equal to 0, but much stronger (of the first order) for the other sub-levels: the transitions made from or up to them produce photons whose the frequency is variable and can not be used as a reference, and only the portion of the signal corresponding to the transition between the two sub-levels of zero magnetic number is used for the measurement, which affects its quality.
- Magnetic shielding is therefore used around the clock to reduce external disturbances and to apply a constant magnetic field in the shield to separate the sub-levels, failing to guarantee a zero magnetic field. If the operation of the clock is made more stable, the sub-levels then being immobile and therefore well defined, the disadvantage of undergoing a dispersion of frequencies and having to be satisfied with a weakened signal is not avoided.
- the invention is based on an improvement, according to which a second oscillating field is added to the device.
- the invention then comprises a cell filled with a gas, a gas exciter for passing its atoms to a higher energy level, a detector for collecting a light signal passing through the gas, a magnetic shield around the cell and means for applying magnetic fields in the shield, including a static magnetic field, characterized in that the magnetic field application means also apply two oscillating magnetic fields, perpendicular to each other and to the static magnetic field.
- the addition of the second oscillating magnetic field makes it possible to obtain with much greater certainty a resulting magnetic field equivalent to a zero magnetic field for the excited atoms, that is to say with a much lower sensitivity to disturbances.
- FIG. 1 already described and FIG. 2 already described illustrate two diagrams of the energy levels of a chemical element used in an atomic clock
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the clock
- Figure 4 is a graphic representation of functions illustrating the effect of the invention.
- FIG. 3 The heart of the clock is a cell 1 filled with an alkaline gas.
- An exciter 2 transmits energy to this gas in the form of a polarized photon flux passing through a circular polarizer 3.
- the exciter may also be a microwave field, for example. It will then be necessary anyway to inject a light beam (for example of laser) to detect the resonances of the gas.
- a photodetector 4 collects the light energy restored by the gas of the cell 1 and transmits a signal to a counting device 5.
- a frequency separator 6 collects the signal at the output of the counting device 5 and transmits its results to an operating device 7 of the clock and a servo-control device 8 which controls the exciter 2 as well as means for applying magnetic fields 9 and 10.
- These latter emit magnetic fields at radio frequencies of pulsations noted ⁇ and CO, which are perpendicular to each other and direction dependent on the polarization (for example perpendicular to the light rays emitted by the exciter 2 in the case of a circular polarization).
- These oscillating magnetic fields are applied in a magnetic shielding 11 which includes the cell 1 and the magnetic field application means 9 and 10.
- inequalities H 0 ((((- ((-, that is to say that the r. ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ second radio frequency field has the same effects as the first on the static field but that its pulsation is much less than that of the first field of radiofrequencies.
- the frequencies of the two oscillating fields should not be too large: they should not exceed (/ o / 4) approximately, where fo already mentioned is the frequency of the hyperfine transition and corresponding to the change of energy level of the atoms in the gas.
- the first oscillating magnetic field then also undergoes modifications which result in an attenuation of its amplitude H ⁇ by the Bessel function.
- the system composed of the two radiofrequency fields and the static magnetic field is therefore equivalent to a fictitious radiofrequency field
- H 0 H 0 -J 0 ⁇ 'Hy (r ⁇ ⁇
- Bessel which would have given a sensitivity to the defects of setting even lower.
- Experimental settings may differ slightly from the theoretical settings. It is possible to perform them by exploiting information given by a low frequency sinusoidal magnetic field ⁇ (much less than 1/2 ⁇ T) and collinear with H 0 . This field induces disturbances on the signal delivered by the clock at frequencies fo ⁇ ⁇ . It will then be possible to quantify the sensitivity of the signal delivered by the atomic clock to the variations of the static magnetic field by a synchronous detection at the frequency of this disturbance.
- An interesting operating point can be obtained by first adjusting the amplitude H ⁇ of the field at the highest frequency ( ⁇ / 2 ⁇ ) to a maximum of sensitivity of the static field H 0 .
- the other radio frequency field H ⁇ will then be added and adjusted to obtain a minimum sensitivity of H 0 .
- the servo-control device 8 can be used for a continuous adjustment of the amplitude of the second radio-frequency field according to this principle of keeping a minimum of sensitivity of the signal delivered by the clock.
- the single exciter may be a photon flux such as a laser flux emitted for example by a laser diode or a lamp.
- the gaseous element may consist of 87 Rb, 133 C 3 , with optional mixing with a buffer gas.
- the material of cell 1 may consist of a glass such as Pyrex (trademark).
- the means for applying the magnetic fields 9 and 10 may consist of triaxial coils, or of three monoaxial coils concentric with each other.
- the photodetector 4 can be of any kind measuring a flow of photons at the output of the cell 1.
- the magnetic shield 11 may consist of n metal cylinders imbricated, possibly with a soft iron cylinder.
- the wavelength of the laser photons was 780nm
- a quarter wave plate imposed a left circular polarization to the incident photons
- the magnetic shield 11 consisted of four cylinders of ⁇ concentric metal and a soft iron cylinder outside
- the magnetic field H 0 was 100 microgauss in the main axis
- ⁇ was equal to 670 kilohertz per gauss
- radio frequencies were 3 kilohertz and 20 kilohertz to respective magnitudes of 27 and 114 milligauss in order to impose the previously identified conditions of process validity.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0759743A FR2924827B1 (fr) | 2007-12-11 | 2007-12-11 | Horloge atomique reglee par un champ statique et deux champs oscillants |
| PCT/EP2008/067252 WO2009074616A1 (fr) | 2007-12-11 | 2008-12-10 | Horloge atomique reglee par un champ statique et deux champs oscillants |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2220541A1 true EP2220541A1 (fr) | 2010-08-25 |
| EP2220541B1 EP2220541B1 (fr) | 2011-11-02 |
Family
ID=39712683
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08860180A Not-in-force EP2220541B1 (fr) | 2007-12-11 | 2008-12-10 | Horloge atomique reglee par un champ statique et deux champs oscillants |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8154349B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2220541B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5596555B2 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE532114T1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2924827B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009074616A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2924826B1 (fr) * | 2007-12-11 | 2010-03-05 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Horloge atomique a correction du champ magnetique ambiant |
| FR2946766B1 (fr) * | 2009-06-11 | 2011-07-01 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Horloge atomique fonctionnant a l'helium 3. |
| FR2964476B1 (fr) | 2010-09-07 | 2012-10-05 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de calibration d'un appareil a fonctionnement atomique |
| JP6134092B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-18 | 2017-05-24 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 磁場計測装置 |
| JP5796454B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-28 | 2015-10-21 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 原子発振器 |
| FR3008190B1 (fr) | 2013-07-08 | 2015-08-07 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif de mesure d'un champ magnetique au moyen d'excitations synchronisees |
| FR3026193B1 (fr) | 2014-09-19 | 2016-12-23 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Magnetometre sans asservissement et a compensation des fluctuations de la pente de resonance en champ faible, reseau de magnetometres et procede de mesure |
| US10024931B2 (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2018-07-17 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Magnetic field measurement method and magnetic field measurement apparatus |
| US10718661B2 (en) | 2017-06-14 | 2020-07-21 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Integrated microfabricated vapor cell sensor with transparent body having two intersecting signal paths |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1354208A (fr) | 1963-01-22 | 1964-03-06 | Csf | Nouveau magnétomètre à pompage optique |
| JPS63191981A (ja) | 1987-02-05 | 1988-08-09 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 光磁気共鳴磁力計 |
| FR2693801B1 (fr) * | 1992-07-16 | 1994-09-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Magnétomètre à polarisation lumineuse et à champ de radiofréquence asservis. |
| FR2779530B1 (fr) | 1998-06-09 | 2000-07-07 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de mesure des composantes d'un champ magnetique a l'aide d'un magnetometre scalaire |
| US20040095037A1 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2004-05-20 | Albert Palmero | Low profile motor with internal gear train |
| US6888780B2 (en) * | 2003-04-11 | 2005-05-03 | Princeton University | Method and system for operating an atomic clock with simultaneous locking of field and frequency |
| US7102451B2 (en) | 2004-02-18 | 2006-09-05 | Princeton University, Office Of Technology, Licensing & Intellectual Property | Method and system for operating an atomic clock with alternating-polarization light |
| US7468637B2 (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2008-12-23 | Sarnoff Corporation | Batch-fabricated, RF-interrogated, end transition, chip-scale atomic clock |
-
2007
- 2007-12-11 FR FR0759743A patent/FR2924827B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-12-10 JP JP2010537437A patent/JP5596555B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-12-10 AT AT08860180T patent/ATE532114T1/de active
- 2008-12-10 EP EP08860180A patent/EP2220541B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-12-10 WO PCT/EP2008/067252 patent/WO2009074616A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2008-12-10 US US12/743,433 patent/US8154349B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009074616A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8154349B2 (en) | 2012-04-10 |
| JP2011507249A (ja) | 2011-03-03 |
| FR2924827A1 (fr) | 2009-06-12 |
| EP2220541B1 (fr) | 2011-11-02 |
| US20100244970A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
| ATE532114T1 (de) | 2011-11-15 |
| FR2924827B1 (fr) | 2010-02-19 |
| WO2009074616A1 (fr) | 2009-06-18 |
| JP5596555B2 (ja) | 2014-09-24 |
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