EP2220358A1 - Fuel vapor storage and recovery apparatus - Google Patents
Fuel vapor storage and recovery apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- EP2220358A1 EP2220358A1 EP08707052A EP08707052A EP2220358A1 EP 2220358 A1 EP2220358 A1 EP 2220358A1 EP 08707052 A EP08707052 A EP 08707052A EP 08707052 A EP08707052 A EP 08707052A EP 2220358 A1 EP2220358 A1 EP 2220358A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vapor storage
- fuel vapor
- purge
- fuel
- storage device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
- F02M25/0854—Details of the absorption canister
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
- F02M2025/0881—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir with means to heat or cool the canister
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel vapor storage and recovery apparatus for the reduction of evaporative emissions from motor vehicles.
- Fuel vapor storage and recovery apparatuses including a fuel vapor storage canister are well known in the art since years.
- the gasoline fuel used in many internal combustion engines is quite volatile.
- Evaporative emissions of fuel vapor from a vehicle having an internal combustion engine occur principally due to venting of fuel tanks of the vehicle. When the vehicle is parked changes in temperature or pressure cause air laden with hydrocarbons escape from the fuel tank. Some of the fuel inevitably evaporates into the air within the tank and thus takes the form of a vapor. If the air emitted from the fuel tank were allowed to flow untreated into the atmosphere it would inevitably carry with it this fuel vapor. There are governmental regulations as to how much fuel vapor may be emitted from the fuel system of a vehicle.
- the fuel tank of a car is vented through a conduit to a canister containing suitable fuel absorbent materials such as activated carbon.
- suitable fuel absorbent materials such as activated carbon.
- High surface area activated carbon granules are widely used and temporarily absorb the fuel vapor.
- a fuel vapor storage and recovery system including a fuel vapor storage canister has to cope with fuel vapor emissions while the vehicle is shut down for an extended period and when the vehicle is being refuelled, and vapor laden air is being displaced from the fuel tank (refuelling emissions).
- the carbon canister Due to the nature of the absorbent within the carbon canister it is clear that the carbon canister has a restricted filling capacity. It is generally desirable to have a carbon canister with a high carbon working capacity, however, it is also desirable to have a carbon canister with a relatively low volume for design purposes.
- a certain negative pressure is applied to the interior of the canister from an intake system of the engine through a fuel vapor outlet port of the carbon canister. With this atmospheric air is let into the canister to the atmospheric air inlet port to pick up the trapped fuel vapors and carry the same to an intake manifold of the intake system of the engine through the fuel vapor outlet port.
- this canister purging mode the fuel vapors stored within the carbon canister are burnt in the internal combustion engine.
- Ethanol is a highly volatile fuel which has a comparatively high vapor pressure.
- E10 fuel (10% ethanol) has the highest vapor generation currently in the market. That means that the fuel vapor uptake of the carbon canister from the fuel tank is extremely high.
- E10 fuel 10% ethanol
- the fuel vapor uptake of the carbon canister from the fuel tank is extremely high.
- the fuel vapor capacity of an ordinary carbon canister is exhausted relatively fast.
- the bleed emissions of a fully loaded carbon canister normally then increase to an extent which is beyond the emission values given by law.
- US 6,230,693 B1 discloses an evaporative emission control system for reducing the amount of fuel vapor emitted from a vehicle by providing an auxiliary canister which operates with a storage canister of the evaporative emission control system.
- the storage canister contains a first sorbent material and has a vent port in communication therewith.
- the auxiliary canister comprises an enclosure, first and second passages, a heater and a connector. Inside the enclosure a second sorbent material is in total contact with the heater.
- the heater can be used to heat the second sorbent material and the passing purge air. This enables the second and first sorbent material to more readily release the fuel vapor they absorbed during the previous storage phase of operation so that they can be burnt during combustion.
- the storage canister of the evaporative emission control system comprises two fuel vapor storage compartments side by side connected by a flow passage.
- the partitioning of the canister actually means a flow restriction. Because the driving pressure of the flow through the canister is very low it is an important design consideration that flow restrictions be kept to a minimum.
- a fuel vapor storage and recovery apparatus including a fuel vapor storage canister, said fuel vapor canister comprising at least first and second vapor storage compartments comprising an absorbent material, at least a vapor inlet port, an atmospheric vent port and a purge port, the fuel vapor storage canister defining an air flow path between said vapor inlet port and said atmospheric vent port and between said atmospheric vent port and said purge port, wherein said first and second vapor storage compartments in flow direction are separated from each other by an air gap diffusion barrier.
- At least said first and second vapor storage compartments are arranged in concentric relationship.
- the term "concentric" in the sense of the present application does not necessarily mean that the fuel vapor storage compartments have a circular cross-section. These compartments may also have a rectangular cross-section. In one embodiment of the invention the fuel vapor storage device may comprise at least some vapor storage compartments which are arranged side by side.
- the fuel vapor storage device is characterized by a third vapor storage compartment arranged in concentric relationship to said first and second vapor storage compartments.
- Said third vapor storage compartment may comprise porous monolithic carbon as absorbent.
- the third vapor storage compartment as well as the first and second vapor storage compartments may be filled or packed with granular activated coal.
- the vapor storage compartments are integrated in a common canister housing, thus fulfilling the need for a compact design having little space requirements.
- Each vapor storage compartment may have a circular cross-sectional area, the cross-sectional area of the downstream compartment, whiled regarding an air flow from the atmospheric vent port towards the purge port, being preferably larger than the cross-sectional area of the upstream vapor storage compartment, in order to eliminate dead zones in the vapor storage beds. Due to this design of the vapor storage compartments the purging gas may effectively flow through the entire carbon bed, thus improving the purge removal rate during the purge mode which also leads to a significant reduction of bleed emissions.
- At least one flow diverter is provided, the flow diverter defining an extended air gap diffusion barrier. Due to the presence of such flow diverter the length of the air path of the diffusion barrier is multiplied, i.e. at least doubled.
- the flow diverter may be in the form of a cup-shaped insert at least partially surrounding one vapor storage bed within one vapor storage compartment.
- the fuel vapor storage device comprises a purge heater which is activated during purging which leads to a significant improvement of the purge removal rate during operation of the internal combustion engine.
- the purge heater may be located in the purge heater compartment directly communicating with said purge port.
- the purge heater compartment is located at the upstream end of the airflow during the purging cycle, however, alternatively the purge heater compartment may be located in any one of the fuel storage beds.
- the purge heater compartment is at least concentrically surrounded by a vapor storage bed in a non-insulated fashion, thus allowing heat radiation into the surrounding vapor storage bed.
- a higher temperature enables complete purging of hydrocarbons from the carbon bed and thus increases the capacity of the volume to prevent fuel vapor breakthrough during a fuel vapor storage cycle.
- an equal temperature distribution through the carbon bed improves the purging results remarkably.
- non-insulated is meant that the purge heater or purge heater elements are not in direct contact with the carbon bed, however, the purge heater is not shielded against the surrounding carbon bed.
- the purge heater compartment can, for instance, comprise a cage-like structure allowing heat radiation into the surrounding carbon bed.
- the purge heater may comprise one or more electric heating elements which are connected to the source of electric energy, such as for instance the battery of the car.
- the purge heater may, for instance, comprise electrically conductive ceramic as heating elements.
- the purge heater may comprise electrically conductive carbon, preferably porous monolithic carbon.
- electrically conductive carbon preferably porous monolithic carbon.
- porous monolithic carbon is, for instance, disclosed in US 2007-0056954 A1.
- These monolithic carbon heating elements have a channel structure allowing air flow through the heating elements and thus allowing an enhanced heat transfer directly through the purging air sucked from the atmosphere.
- Fig. 1 shows a crosssectional view through a carbon canister according to the invention
- Fig. 2 shows an exploded diagrammatic view of the compartments of the carbon canister.
- FIG. 1 A fuel vapor storage and recovery apparatus 1 is illustrated in Fig. 1. The illustration is schematic and the components are not drawn to scale.
- the fuel vapor storage and recovery apparatus 1 comprises a vapor inlet port 3 connected to a fuel tank (not shown), a vent port 4 communicating with the atmosphere and a purge port 5 connected to an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle (also not shown).
- the carbon canister 2 is packed with an adsorbent in the form of granulated activated carbon.
- the carbon canister 2 is connected via vapor inlet port 3 to the fuel tank of the motor vehicle and via vent port 4 to the atmosphere.
- arrows 6 indicate the air flow during purging of the carbon canister.
- the terms “downstream” and “upstream” hereinafter always refer to the airflow during purging of the carbon canister 2.
- the carbon canister 2 comprises first 7, second 8 and third 9 vapor storage compartments.
- the first vapor storage compartment 7 is with regard to the airflow during upload of hydrocarbons to the carbon canister 2 the vapor storage compartment next to the vapor inlet port 3 and is also the biggest vapor storage compartment.
- the vapor storage compartment 7, 8, 9 have a circular crosssectional area and are arranged in concentric relationship to each other.
- the first vapor storage compartment 7 surrounds the vapor storage compartments 8 and 9.
- a purge heater compartment 10 which has also a cylindrical shape, i.e. a circular crosssection.
- the purge heater compartment 10 encloses four electric heating elements 11 which are electrically connected in series with a source of electric energy, for instance through the battery of the vehicle. It is to be understood that any electric heating element is suitable for this purpose.
- the heating element could for instance be a PTC thirmistor, an NTC thirmistor or for example an electrically conductive carbon heating element.
- the heating elements may be of cylindrical shape and comprise an electrically conductive porous carbon monolith, such as for instance, a synthetic carbon monolith generally disclosed in US 2007-0056954 A1.
- Each heating element 11 provides continuous longitudinal channels (not shown) allowing an airflow in longitudinal direction through each heating element. The heating elements 11 are only activated during the purging operation of the fuel vapor storage and recovery apparatus 1.
- the purge heater compartment 10 has at its upstream face two inlet openings 12 allowing atmospheric air to be drawn into the purge heater compartment 10.
- the purge heater compartment 10 has a relatively thin-walled surrounding wall 13 which is designed such that heat radiation from the resistive heating element 11 may be transferred into the surrounding carbon bed of the first vapor storage compartment 7.
- the heating elements 11 directly transfer heat to the atmospheric air drawn into the purge heater compartment 10.
- the purge heater compartment 11 is in alignment with the third vapor storage compartment 9
- the third vapor storage compartment 9 is at its downstream end in alignment with the second vapor storage compartment 8
- the purge heater compartment 11 and the third and second vapor storage compartments 9 and 8 being concentrically surrounded by the first vapor storage compartment 7.
- first and second vapor storage compartments 7 and 8 are packed or stuffed with activated carbon in granular form, whereas the third vapor storage compartment 9 may contain a monolithic porous carbon element.
- first and second air gaps 14a and 14b as diffusion barriers are provided between the third vapor storage compartment 9 and the second vapor storage compartment 8, as well as between the second vapor storage compartment 8 and the first vapor storage compartment 7 .
- the air gap 14a forming the transition from the third vapor storage compartment 9 to the second vapor storage compartment 8 is according to the differences in diameter of the third vapor storage compartment 9 and the second vapor storage compartment 8 funnel shaped.
- the first vapor storage compartment 3 has over its entire length a constant diameter which is smaller than the diameter of the second vapor storage compartment 8.
- the second vapor storage compartment 8 has over its entire length a constant diameter.
- the carbon bed within the second vapor storage compartment 8 is partly enclosed and held by a cup-shaped insert 15 which defines a U-turn flow path for the purging air as is indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1. Due to this design the air path length amounts to double the length of the second vapor storage compartment 8.
- the insert 15 functions as an airflow diverter for the purging air.
- compartments of the carbon canister 2 can best be taken from the exploded view of Fig. 2.
- a ring shaped channel 18 defines the transition into the first vapor storage compartment 7.
- flow openings 19 are provided which are designed such that the air flow of purge air is directed readily into the upstream end of the first vapor storage compartment 7.
- the fuel vapor storage and recovery apparatus 1 During running cycles of the internal combustion engine of the vehicle the fuel vapor storage and recovery apparatus 1 according to the invention is set to purge mode. Atmospheric air is drawn from the internal combustion engine of the vehicle from the vent port 4 via inlet opening 12 into the purge heater compartment 10.
- the heating elements 11 are electrically connected to the battery of the vehicle during purging. The air flows through and around the heating elements 11 thereby being heated up to a temperature below 150 0 C. At the same time radiation heat emitted by the heating elements 11 heats up the surrounding carbon bed of the first vapor storage compartment 7.
- This air flow, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1 within the extended air gap 14b makes a U-turn and at the very end of the air gap 14b flows into and through the carbon bed of the first vapor storage compartment 7 and is finally drawn through the purge port 5 to a purging line leading to the internal combustion engine.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Supplying Secondary Fuel Or The Like To Fuel, Air Or Fuel-Air Mixtures (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP08707052.0A EP2220358B1 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2008-01-16 | Fuel vapor storage and recovery apparatus |
PL08707052T PL2220358T3 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2008-01-16 | Fuel vapor storage and recovery apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2007/011279 WO2009080075A2 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2007-12-20 | Fuel vapor storage and recovery apparatus |
EP08707052.0A EP2220358B1 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2008-01-16 | Fuel vapor storage and recovery apparatus |
PCT/EP2008/000266 WO2009080127A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2008-01-16 | Fuel vapor storage and recovery apparatus |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2220358A1 true EP2220358A1 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
EP2220358B1 EP2220358B1 (en) | 2013-09-04 |
Family
ID=42352324
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08707052.0A Active EP2220358B1 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2008-01-16 | Fuel vapor storage and recovery apparatus |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2220358B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2220358T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016213722A1 (en) | 2016-07-26 | 2018-02-01 | Kautex Textron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heatable fuel vapor storage and retention device |
-
2008
- 2008-01-16 EP EP08707052.0A patent/EP2220358B1/en active Active
- 2008-01-16 PL PL08707052T patent/PL2220358T3/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2009080127A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2220358B1 (en) | 2013-09-04 |
PL2220358T3 (en) | 2014-03-31 |
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