EP2220205A1 - Cleaning agent - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to two- or multi-phase detergents or cleaning agents which comprise a) a bleaching agent, b) a bleach activator, c) a bleach catalyst, selected from the group of bleach boosting transition metal salts and transition metal complexes, the bleaching agent a) being present in a separate phase of the detergents or cleaning agents separate from components b) and c). The detergents or cleaning agents according to the invention are characterized in that the bleach activator b) is used in particulate form and the bleach activator particles comprise, based on their total weight, a percentage in bleach activator of more than 80% by weight. The detergents or cleaning agents according to the invention have a good cleaning power on bleachable soilings.

Description

 cleaning supplies

The present patent application describes detergents or cleaning agents, in particular detergents for the machine cleaning of dishes. This application relates in particular to two-phase or multiphase machine dishwashing detergents which contain bleach catalysts.

Machine-washed dishes are often subject to more stringent requirements today than manually-washed dishes. Thus, a tableware that has been completely cleaned at first glance of food waste is then rated as not having any flaw if, after machine dishwashing, it still has discolorations which are based, for example, on the attachment of vegetable dyes to the dish surface.

In order to obtain spotless dishes, bleaching agents are used in automatic dishwashing detergents. To enable this bleaching agent and to cleaning at temperatures of 60 ⁰ C and below, to achieve an improved bleaching effect containing machine dishwashing detergents usually further bleach activators or bleach catalysts, particularly the bleach catalysts have proved to be particularly effective.

European Patent Application EP 481 793 A1 (Unilever) discloses detergent tablets which contain sodium percarbonate, which, according to the teaching of this application, is preferably separated from other components which are detrimental to its stability, for example in a separate layer.

Bleach catalysts are used in automatic dishwasher detergents, preferably in the form of prefabricated granules. Thus, the European patents EP 458 397 B1 (Unilever), EP 458 398 B1 (Unilever) and EP 530 870 B1 (Unilever) describe bleach catalysts based on various manganese-containing transition metal complexes.

Processes for the preparation of bleach catalyst granules are disclosed in Laid-Open Applications EP 544 440 A2 (Unilever) and WO 95/06710 A1 (Unilever). Characteristic of the methods described therein is the use of large amounts of binders, which are optionally used as melts, this method includes cooling and / or drying stages, which requires the use of additional equipment such as fluidized bed plants.

However, despite their undisputed bleaching performance, the use of bleach catalysts may not yet be considered satisfactory to one skilled in the art. Thus, despite the use of bleach catalysts, in particular in low-alkaline, for example phosphate-free, automatic dishwashing often with unexpectedly poor bleaching effects. Furthermore, the storage stability of bleach catalyst-containing detergents often leaves something to be desired.

In view of this initial situation, it was therefore the object of the present application to provide a dishwasher detergent which has an improved cleaning performance, in particular on bleachable soiling.

Surprisingly, it has been found that the bleaching effect of automatic dishwashing detergents can be increased by the formulation of bleach / bleach activator / bleach catalyst combinations in two or more phase metered units with optimized phase split and the use of specific bleach activator granules having high bleach activator content.

A first subject of this application is therefore a two- or multi-phase detergent or cleaner comprising a) a bleaching agent b) a bleach activator c) a bleach catalyst selected from the group of bleach-enhancing transition metal salts and transition metal complexes, the bleach a) being separated from the constituents b ) and c) is present in a separate phase of the washing or cleaning agent, characterized in that the bleach activator b) is used in particulate form and the Blleichaktivatorpartikel, based on their total weight, a content of bleach activator above 80 wt .-%.

Characteristic of the two- or multi-phase detergents or cleaning agents according to the invention is the fact that the bleaching agent a) is present separately from the components b) and c) in a separate phase of the washing or cleaning agent. The object of the claim thus comprises two-phase or multi-phase detergents or cleaners in which the total amount of bleach a) is separate from the total amount of components b) and c) in a separate phase.

Preferred claims are thus:

B) a bleach activator c) a bleach catalyst selected from the group of bleach-enhancing transition metal salts and transition metal complexes, the bleach a) being separated from the components b) and c) in a separate phase of the process Washing or cleaning agent is characterized in that the bleach activator b) is incorporated in particulate form. is set and the Blleichaktivatorpartikel, based on their total weight, a bleach activator content above 80 wt .-% have.

B) a bleach activator c) a bleach catalyst selected from the group of bleach-enhancing transition metal salts and transition metal complexes, the bleach a) being separated from the components b) and c) in a separate phase of the wash or cleaning agent is characterized in that the bleach activator b) is used in particulate form and the Blleichaktivatorpartikel, based on their total weight, a content of bleach activator above 80 wt .-% have.

B) a bleach activator c) a bleach catalyst selected from the group of bleach-enhancing transition metal salts and transition metal complexes, the bleach a) being separated from the components b) and c) in a separate phase of the wash or cleaning agent is characterized in that the bleach activator b) is used in particulate form and the Blleichaktivatorpartikel, based on their total weight, a content of bleach activator above 80 wt .-% have.

Multi-phase detergents or cleaners according to the invention contain as the first essential constituent a bleaching agent, oxygen bleaching agents being preferred. Among the compounds serving as bleaches in water H ₂ O ₂ , sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance. Other useful bleaching agents are, for example, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and peracid salts or peracids which yield H ₂ O ₂ , such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid. Furthermore, bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used. Typical organic bleaches are the diacyl peroxides such as dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaches are the peroxyacids, examples of which include the alkyl peroxyacids and the aryl peroxyacids.

Preferred two-phase or multi-phase detergents or cleaners are characterized in that the bleach a) is an oxygen bleach, preferably sodium percarbonate, more preferably a coated sodium percarbonate. The proportion by weight of the bleaching agent a), based on the total weight of the washing or cleaning agent, in preferred embodiments is between 2 and 30% by weight, preferably between 4 and 20% by weight and in particular between 6 and 15% by weight.

As a second essential ingredient, two- or more-phase detergents or cleaners according to the invention contain bleach activators. As bleach activators, it is possible to use compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the stated C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups. Preference is given to polyacylated alkylenediamines, with tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) having proven particularly suitable.

Two-phase or multi-phase detergents or cleaners, characterized in that the bleach activator b) is a bleach activator from the group of the acetylated amines, preferably tetraacetylenediamine (TAED), are preferred according to the invention.

These bleach activators, in particular TAED, are preferably used in amounts of up to 10% by weight, in particular 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight, especially 0.5 to 8% by weight and more preferably 1, 0 to 6 Wt .-%, used.

Two-phase or multi-phase detergents or cleaners, characterized in that the proportion by weight of the bleach activator b), based on the total weight of the washing or cleaning agent, is between 0.1 and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.5 and 8% by weight. % and in particular between 1, 0 and 6 wt .-%, are preferred according to the invention.

The bleach activator granules used according to the invention are characterized in that, based on their total weight, they have a content of bleach activator above 80% by weight. For the bleaching action described above, it has proven to be advantageous to realize the highest possible Blleichaktivatorgehalt in the granules.

Preferred two-phase or multi-phase detergents or cleaners according to the invention are characterized in that the bleach activator b) is present as bleach activator granules which, based on their total weight, contain more than 85% by weight, preferably more than 90% by weight, of bleach activator preferably above 95 wt .-% and in particular above 97 wt .-%.

With regard to the other active ingredients and auxiliaries in addition to the bleach activator in the bleach activator granules b), it has proven to be particularly advantageous to limit the content of polymeric granulation aids and stabilizers. The group of polymeric granulation aids includes the natural, but especially the synthetic organic polymers, for example the polymeric polycarboxylates or the polymeric polysulfonates. The group of stabilizers includes in particular the phosphonates described below.

Preferred two- or multi-phase detergents or cleaners according to the invention are characterized in that the bleach activator b) is present as bleach activator granules which, based on its total weight, is less than 20% by weight, preferably less than 15% by weight, particularly preferred less than 10 wt .-% and in particular less than 5 wt .-% of a polymeric Granulationshilfsmittels.

Preferred two- or multi-phase detergents or cleaners according to the invention are furthermore characterized in that the bleach activator b) is present as bleach activator granulate which, based on its total weight, is less than 20% by weight, preferably less than 15% by weight, particularly preferred contains less than 10 wt .-% and in particular less than 5 wt .-% stabilizing additives.

In addition to the bleach activator granules used according to the invention with a bleach activator content above 80% by weight, the two-phase or multi-phase detergents or cleaners may of course also contain bleach activator granules which contain less than 80% by weight bleach activator, but it is preferred to reduce the proportion thereof Limit bleach activator granules with less than 80 wt .-% bleach activator on the total weight of the two- or multi-phase detergents or cleaning agents. Preference is given to two-phase or multi-phase detergents or cleaners which, based on their total weight, contain less than 4% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight and in particular no bleach activator is present in particulate form and, based on its total weight, a content of bleach activator below 80 wt .-% has.

In addition to the conventional bleach activators, the detergents or cleaners according to the invention contain as third essential constituent at least one bleach catalyst c). These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo-salen complex or carbonyl complexes. Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru ammine complexes are also usable as bleach catalysts ,

It is particularly preferred to use complexes of manganese in the oxidation state II, III, IV or IV, which preferably contain one or more macrocyclic ligands with the donor functions N, NR, PR, O and / or S. Preferably, ligands are used which have nitrogen donor functions. It is particularly preferred to use bleach catalyst (s) in the compositions according to the invention, which are used as macromolecular ligands 1, 4,7-trimethyl-1, 4,7-triazacyclononane (Me-TACN), 1, 4,7-triaza- cyclononane (TACN), 1, 5,9-trimethyl-1, 5,9-triazacyclododecane (Me-TACD), 2-methyl-1, 4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (Me / Me-TACN) and / or 2-methyl-1, 4,7-triazacyclononane (Me / TACN). Suitable manganese complexes are, for example, [Mn " ¹ 2 (μ-O) i (μ-OAc) 2 (TACN) 2] (CIO ₄ ) 2, [Mn '" Mn ^lv (μ-O) 2 (μ-OAc) ₁ (TACN) ₂ ] (BPh ₄ ) ₂ , [Mn ^ιv ₄ (μ-O) ₆ (TACN) ₄ ] (CIO ₄ ) ₄ , [Mn ^I " ₂ (μ-O) ₁ (μ-OAc) 2 ( Me-TACN) 2] (Clθ4) 2, [Mn '"Mn ^lv (μ-O) ₁ (μ-OAc) 2 (Me-TACN) 2] (CIO ₄ ) 3, [Mn ^lv ₂ (μ-O ) 3 (Me-TACN) ₂ ] (PF ₆ ) 2 and [Mn ^lv ₂ (μ-O) 3 (Me / Me-TACN) ₂ ] (PF ₆ ) 2 (OAc = OC (O) CH ₃ ).

Machine dishwashing detergent, characterized in that it further comprises a bleach catalyst selected from the group of bleach-enhancing transition metal salts and transition metal complexes, preferably from the group of complexes of manganese with 1, 4,7-trimethyl-1, 4,7-triazacyclononane (Me ₃ - TACN ) or 1, 2, 4,7-tetramethyl-1, 4,7-triazacyclononane (Me ₄ -TACN) are preferred according to the invention, since in particular the cleaning result can be significantly improved by the aforementioned bleach catalysts.

Two-phase or multi-phase detergents or cleaners, characterized in that the bleach catalyst c) is a complex of manganese, preferably from the group of the complexes of manganese with 1, 4,7-trimethyl-1, 4,7-triazacyclononan (Me ₃ -TACN) or 1, 2, 4,7-tetramethyl-1, 4,7-triaza- cyclononane (Me ₄ -TACN), are preferred according to the invention.

The abovementioned bleach-enhancing transition metal complexes, in particular with the central atoms Mn and Co, are used in customary amounts, preferably in an amount of up to 5% by weight, in particular of 0.0025% by weight to 1% by weight and more preferably of 0, 01 wt .-% to 0.30 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the bleach catalyst-containing agents used. In special cases, however, more bleach catalyst can be used.

Two- or multi-phase detergents or cleaners, characterized in that the weight fraction of the bleach catalyst c), based on the total weight of the washing or cleaning agent is between 0.001 to 3.0 wt .-%, preferably between 0.01 to 2.0 wt .-% and in particular between 0.01 to 1, 0 wt .-%, are inventively preferred.

Some exemplary formulations for preferred two- or more-phase detergents or cleaners can be found in the following tables:

(Unless indicated otherwise, the parts by weight given in this table as well as in all the following tables indicate the total amounts of the constituents contained in the two-phase or multiphase washing or cleaning agent.) Unless otherwise stated, the term "bleach activator" in this as well as in all the following tables denotes bleach activators according to the invention in particulate form, which, based on their

Total weight, having a content of bleach activator above 80 wt .-%

[1] = phase 1 (in this as in all subsequent tables)

[≠ 1] = phase that is not Phase 1 (in this table as well as in all subsequent tables)

In addition to the ingredients described above, the compositions according to the invention may contain further washing- or cleaning-active substances, preferably from the group of builders, surfactants, polymers, enzymes, glass corrosion inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, disintegration aids, fragrances and perfume carriers. These preferred ingredients will be described in more detail below.

The builders include, in particular, the zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and, where there are no ecological prejudices against their use, also the phosphates. With preferred crystalline layered silicates of general formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + I} ^■ y H ₂ O are used, wherein M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1, 9 to 22, preferably from 1: 9 to 4, wherein particularly preferred Values for x are 2, 3 or 4, and y is a number from 0 to 33, preferably from 0 to 20.

Washing or cleaning composition preferably contain a weight proportion of the crystalline sodium silicate see ichtförm the formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} ^■ y H ₂ O from 0.1 to 20 wt .-%, preferably from 0.2 to 15 wt .-%, and in particular from 0.4 to 10 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of these agents.

It is also possible to use amorphous sodium silicates with a Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ modulus of from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, which preferably delayed release and have secondary washing properties.

Preferred washing or cleaning agents are free of water-insoluble aluminum silicates, such as the natural or synthetic zeolites used for water softening.

In the context of the present invention, it is preferred that these silicate (s), preferably alkali metal silicates, particularly preferably crystalline or amorphous alkali metal disilicates, be present in detergents or cleaners in amounts of from 3 to 60% by weight, preferably from 8 to 50 Wt .-% and in particular from 20 to 40 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the washing or cleaning agent, are included.

Of course, a use of the well-known phosphates as builders is possible, unless such use should not be avoided for environmental reasons. Among the large number of commercially available phosphates, the alkali metal phosphates, with a particular preference for pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate), have the greatest importance in the washing and cleaning agent industry.

If phosphates are used as detergents or cleaning agents in the context of the present application, preferred agents comprise these phosphate (s), preferably alkali metal phosphate (s), particularly preferably pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate ), in amounts of 5 to 80 wt .-%, preferably from 15 to 75 wt .-% and in particular from 20 to 70 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the washing or cleaning agent.

As a further preferred constituent, the washing or cleaning compositions according to the invention comprise at least one acid group-containing polymer which acts as a softener. The acid group-containing polymer comprises at least one acid group-containing monomer and optionally further nonionic (s), preferably hydrophobic monomer (s). The proportion by weight of this polymer or these polymers in the total weight of the automatic dishwashing agent is preferably 0.1 to 30 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 25 wt .-% and in particular 1, 0 to 20 wt .-%.

Detergents or cleaning agents, which, based on their total weight, 0.1 to 30 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 25 wt .-% and in particular 1, 0 to 20 wt .-% copolymer (s), comprising i) at least an acid group-containing monomer ii) optionally containing further nonionic, preferably hydrophobic monomer (s) are preferred according to the invention.

With regard to the improvement of the bleaching performance, in particular those copolymers have proved to be particularly effective, in which the acid group-containing monomer i) has a carboxylic acid group and / or a sulfonic acid group.

As unsaturated carboxylic acids i) unsaturated carboxylic acids of the formula R ¹ (R ² ) C =C (R ³ ) COOH are used in these special copolymers c), in which R ¹ to R ³ independently of one another are -H, -CH ₃ , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with -NH ₂ , -OH or -COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above or represents - COOH or -COOR ⁴ , wherein R ^{4 is} a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

Particularly preferred unsaturated carboxylic acids are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, α-chloroacrylic acid, α-cyanoacrylic acid, crotonic acid, α-phenyl-acrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, methylenemalonic acid, sorbic acid, cinnamic acid or mixtures thereof.

In a preferred embodiment, the copolymers further comprise at least one additional ionic monomer in addition to at least one carboxylic acid group-containing monomer.

A first group of preferred washing or cleaning agents is therefore characterized in that they

Copolymer (s) comprising i) monomers from the group of mono- or polyunsaturated carboxylic acids ii) optionally further non-ionic, preferably hydrophobic monomer (s). A second group of preferred detergents or cleaners is therefore characterized by comprising copolymer (e)

i) monomers from the group of mono- or polyunsaturated sulfonic acids ii) optionally further nonionic, preferably hydrophobic monomer (s).

These sulfonic acid-containing copolymers used with preference contain as monomer i) preferably sulfonic acid-containing monomers of the formula R ⁵ (R ⁶ ) C =C (R ⁷ ) -X-SO ₃ H, in which R ⁵ to R ⁷ independently of one another -H, -CH ₃ , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, -NH ₂ , -OH or -COOH substituted alkyl or Alkenyl radicals or -COOH or -COOR ⁴ , where R ^{4 is} a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and X is an optional spacer group which is selected from - (CH ₂ ) - with n = O to 4, -COO- (CH ₂ ) _k - with k = 1 to 6, -C (O) -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - and -C (O) - NH-CH ( CH ₂ CH ₃ ) -.

Preferred among these monomers are those of the formulas

H ₂ C = CH-X-SO ₃ HH ₂ C = C (CH ₃ ) -X-SO ₃ H HO ₃ SX- (R ⁶ ) C = C (R ⁷ ) -X-SO ₃ H,

in which R ⁶ and R ^{7 are} independently selected from -H, -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ and X is an optional spacer group which is selected from - (CH ₂ ), - with n = O to 4, -COO- (CH ₂ ) _k - with k = 1 to 6, -C (O) -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - and -C (O) -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) -.

Particularly preferred monomers containing sulfonic acid groups are 1-acrylamido-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 3 Methacrylamido-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, methallyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-3- (2-propenyloxy) propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, 3-sulfopropyl acrylate , 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate, sulfomethacrylamide, sulfomethyl methacrylamide and mixtures of the acids mentioned or their water-soluble salts.

In the polymers, the sulfonic acid groups may be wholly or partly in neutralized form, ie that the acidic acid of the sulfonic acid group in some or all sulfonic acid groups may be exchanged for metal ions, preferably alkali metal ions and especially sodium ions. The use of partially or fully neutralized sulfonic acid-containing copolymers is preferred according to the invention.

The monomer distribution of the copolymers preferably used according to the invention in the case of copolymers which contain only monomers from groups i) and ii) is preferably in each case from 5 to 95% by weight i) or ii), particularly preferably from 50 to 90% by weight monomer from group i) and from 10 to 50% by weight of monomer from group ii), in each case based on the polymer.

The molar mass of the sulfo copolymers preferably used according to the invention can be varied in order to adapt the properties of the polymers to the desired end use. Preferred automatic dishwasher detergents are characterized in that the copolymers have molar masses of from 2000 to 200,000 gmol ^-1 , preferably from 4000 to 25,000 gmol ^-1, and in particular from 5000 to 15,000 gmol ^-1 .

In a first preferred embodiment, the copolymers further comprise at least one additional ionic monomer in addition to at least one sulfonic acid group-containing monomer.

As further nonionic, preferably hydrophobic monomer (s), the acid group-containing polymers preferably contain monomers of the general formula R ¹ (R ² ) C = C (R ³ ) -XR ⁴ , in which R ¹ to R ^{3 are} independently of one another H, -CH ₃ or -C ₂ H ₅ , X is an optional spacer group which is selected from -CH ₂ -, -C (O) O- and -C (O) -NH-, and R ⁴ represents a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 22 carbon atoms or an unsaturated, preferably aromatic radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms.

Particularly preferred unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals are butene, isobutene, pentene, 3-methylbutene, 2-methylbutene, cyclopentene, hexene, hexene-1, 2-methylpentene-1, 3-methylpentene-1, cyclohexene, methylcyclopentene, cycloheptene, methylcyclohexene, 2 , 4,4-Trimethylpentene-1, 2,4,4-trimethylpentene-2,3,3-dimethylhexene-1, 2,4-dimethylhexene-1,2,5-dimethlyhexene-1,3,5-dimethylhexene 1, 4,4-dimethylhexane-1, ethylcyclohexyl, 1-octene, α-olefins having 10 or more carbon atoms such as 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene and C22-α-olefin , 2-styrene, α-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-propylstryol, 4-cyclohexylstyrene, 4-dodecylstyrene, 2-ethyl-4-benzylstyrene, 1-vinylnaphthalene, 2, vinylnaphthalene, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate Butyl acrylate, acrylic acid pentyl ester, hexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, N- (methyl) acrylamide, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, Λ / - ( 2-ethylhexyl) acrylamide, octyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, Λ / - (octyl) acrylamide, lauryl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, Λ / - (lauryl) acrylamide, stearyl acrylate, stearyl methacrylate, Λ / - (stearyl) acrylamide, behenyl acrylate, behenyl methacrylate and N- (behenyl) acrylamide or mixtures thereof.

Some example formulations for preferred two- or more-phase polymer-containing detergents or cleaners can be found in the following tables:

'Copolymer (s) comprising i) at least one acid group-containing monomer ii) optionally further nonionic, preferably hydrophobic monomer (s) as a constituent of the phase [1] and / or one or more further phases

Further builders are the alkali carriers. Suitable alkali carriers are, for example, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogencarbonates, alkali metal sesquicarbonates, the cited alkali metal silicates, alkali metal silicates, and mixtures of the abovementioned substances. For the purposes of this invention, preference is given to using the alkali metal carbonates, in particular sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate. Particularly preferred is a builder system comprising a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate. Also particularly preferred is a builder system comprising a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate and sodium disilicate. Because of their low chemical compatibility with the other ingredients of detergents or cleaners compared to other builders, the alkali metal hydroxides are preferably only in small amounts, preferably in amounts below 10% by weight, preferably below 6% by weight preferably below 4% by weight and in particular below 2% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the washing or cleaning agent. Particularly preferred are agents which, based on their total weight, contain less than 0.5% by weight and in particular no alkali metal hydroxides.

Particularly preferred is the use of carbonate (s) and / or bicarbonate (s), preferably alkali carbonate (s), more preferably sodium carbonate, in amounts of 2 to 50 wt .-%, preferably from 5 to 40 wt .-% and in particular from 7.5 to 30 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the washing or cleaning agent. Particularly preferred are agents which, based on the weight of the washing or cleaning agent less than 20 wt .-%, preferably less than 17 wt .-%, preferably less than 13 wt .-% and in particular less than 9 wt .-% carbonate (e) and / or bicarbonate (s), preferably alkali metal carbonate (s), particularly preferably sodium carbonate. Particularly suitable organic co-builders are polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, further organic cobuilders and phosphonates. These classes of substances are described below.

Useful organic builders are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of the free acid and / or their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids meaning those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function. These are, for example, citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these. In addition to their builder effect, the free acids also typically have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH of detergents or cleaners. In particular, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any desired mixtures of these can be mentioned here.

Further suitable builders are polymeric polycarboxylates, for example the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or of polymethacrylic acid, for example those having a relative molecular mass of from 500 to 70,000 g / mol.

For the purposes of this document, the molecular weights stated for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight average molar masses M _{w of} the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the polymers investigated. These data differ significantly from the molecular weight data, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrenesulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights specified in this document.

Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates, which have molar masses of from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, may again be preferred from this group.

Also suitable are copolymeric polycarboxylates, in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable. Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally from 2000 to 70000 g / mol, preferably from 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular from 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol. The (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution. The content of detergents or cleaning agents in (co) polymeric polycarboxylates is preferably from 0.5 to 20% by weight and in particular from 3 to 10% by weight.

To improve the water solubility, the polymers may also contain allylsulfonic acids such as allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid as a monomer.

Also particularly preferred are biodegradable polymers of more than two different monomer units, for example those which contain as monomers the salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and also vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or the salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkyl-allylsulfonic acid as monomers. Derivatives included.

Further preferred copolymers are those which have as their monomers acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate.

Effective polymers as softeners are, for example, the sulfonic acid-containing polymers which are used with particular preference. Corresponding polymers have already been described above as constituents of bleach activator granules according to the invention, for which reason reference is made to the statements there to avoid repetitions at this point.

Also to be mentioned as further preferred builders polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, their salts or their precursors. Particular preference is given to polyaspartic acids or their salts.

Further suitable builder substances are polyacetals which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 C atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups. Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.

Oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates, preferably ethylenediamine disuccinate, are other suitable co-builders. Ethylenediamine-N, ^{N'-disuccinate} (EDDS) is preferably used in form of its sodium or magnesium salts. Also preferred in this context are glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates. Suitable amounts are from 3 to 15 wt .-%.

The complex-forming phosphonates comprise, in addition to the 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid, a number of different compounds such as diethylenetriaminepenta (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP). Hydroxyalkane or aminoalkane phosphonates are particularly preferred in this application. Among the hydroxyalkane phosphonates, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) is of particular importance Meaning as a co-builder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt, the disodium salt neutral and the tetrasodium salt alkaline (pH 9). Preferred aminoalkanephosphonates are ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologs. They are preferably in the form of neutral sodium salts, eg. B. as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as hepta- and octa-sodium salt of DTPMP used. The builder used here is preferably HEDP from the class of phosphonates. The aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced heavy metal binding capacity. Accordingly, in particular if the agents also contain bleach, it may be preferable to use aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.

An automatic dishwashing agent preferred in the context of this application contains one or more phosphonate (s) from the group a) aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid (ATMP) and / or salts thereof; b) ethylenediaminetetra (methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP) and / or salts thereof; c) diethylenetriamine penta (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP) and / or salts thereof; d) 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and / or salts thereof; e) 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC) and / or salts thereof; f) hexamethylenediaminetetra (methylenephosphonic acid) (HDTMP) and / or salts thereof; g) nitrilotri (methylenephosphonic acid) (NTMP) and / or salts thereof.

Particular preference is given to automatic dishwashing detergents which contain 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) or diethylene triamine penta (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP) as phosphonates.

Of course, the automatic dishwashing compositions of the invention may contain two or more different phosphonates.

Two-phase or multi-phase detergent or cleaning agent, characterized in that the two- or multi-phase detergent or cleaning agent further contains at least one phosphonate, preferably 1-hydroxy-ethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), which together with the bleaching agent a) is present in a phase of the washing or cleaning agent, are preferred according to the invention.

The proportion by weight of the phosphonates is preferably 0.5 to 14 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 12 wt .-% and in particular 2 to 8 wt .-%.

Some exemplary formulations for preferred two- or more-phase phosphonate-containing detergents or cleaners can be found in the following tables:

* as part of phase [1] and / or one or more additional phases

The machine dishwashing detergents according to the invention particularly preferably comprise methylglycinediacetic acid or a salt of methylglycinediacetic acid, the weight fraction of methylglycinediacetic acid or of the salt of methylglycinediacetic acid preferably being between 0.5 and 15% by weight, preferably between 0.5 and 10% by weight. -% and in particular between 0.5 and 6 wt .-% is.

Other useful organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may optionally also be present in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and a maximum of two acid groups.

In addition, all compounds capable of forming complexes with alkaline earth ions can be used as builders.

The group of surfactants includes nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants.

Nonionic surfactants which can be used are the nonionic surfactants known to the person skilled in the art. Suitable nonionic surfactants are, for example, alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) _x in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular 2-methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the symbol which is a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose. The degree of oligomerization x, which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1, 2 to 1, 4.

Another class of preferred nonionic surfactants used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. Low-foaming nonionic surfactants are used as preferred surfactants. With particular preference, washing or cleaning agents, in particular automatic dishwashing detergents, contain nonionic surfactants from the group of the alkoxylated alcohols. The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture can contain, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 moles of EO per mole of alcohol are preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, Ci ₂ -i ₄ -alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, Cg-n-alcohol with 7 EO, C ₁₃ . ₁₅ alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C ₁₂ -i ₈ -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of Ci ₂ - _M -AlkOhOl with 3 EO and with 5 EO. The stated degrees of ethoxylation represent statistical averages, which may correspond to a particular product of an integer or a fractional number. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow rank ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples of these are tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

With particular preference, therefore ethoxylated nonionic surfactants, which are from C ₆ . ₂ o-monohydroxyalkanols or C ₆ . ₂ o-alkylphenols or Ci ₆ . ₂ o-fatty alcohols and more than 12 moles, preferably more than 15 moles and in particular more than 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol were obtained used. A particularly preferred nonionic surfactant is _{(6. 20} Ci alcohol), preferably a C ₁₈ alcohol and at least 12 mole, preferably at least 15 mol and in particular at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide derived from a straight chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms. Of these, the so-called "narrow ranks ethoxylates" are particularly preferred.

With particular preference further combinations of one or more Taigfettalkoholen be used with 20 to 30 EO and silicone defoamers.

Particular preference is given to nonionic surfactants which have a melting point above room temperature. Nonionic surfactant (s) having a melting point above 20 ⁰ C, preferably above 25 ° C, more preferably between 25 and 60 ⁰ C and in particular between 26.6 and 43.3 ° C, is / are particularly preferred ,

Preferably used surfactants come from the groups of alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, in particular the ethoxylated primary alcohols and mixtures of these surfactants with structurally complicated surfactants such as polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene ((PO / EO / PO) surfactants). Such (PO / EO / PO) nonionic surfactants are also characterized by good foam control. Further particularly preferred nonionic surfactants having melting points above room temperature contain from 40 to 70% of a polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer blend containing 75% by weight of a reverse block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with 17 moles of ethylene oxide and 44 moles of propylene oxide and 25 Wt .-% of a block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene, initiated with trimethylolpropane and containing 24 moles of ethylene oxide and 99 moles of propylene oxide per mole of trimethylolpropane contains.

In the context of the present invention, particularly preferred nonionic surfactants have been low foaming nonionic surfactants which have alternating ethylene oxide and alkylene oxide units. Among these, in turn, surfactants with EO-AO-EO-AO blocks are preferred, wherein in each case one to ten EO or AO groups are bonded to each other before a block of the other groups follows. Here are nonionic surfactants of the general formula

RI-O- (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O) - (C

preferably in which R ¹ represents a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C ₆ _ ₂₄ alkyl or alkenyl radical; each group R ² or R ^{3 is} independently selected from -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ -CH ₃ , CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ and the indices w, x, y, z independently stand for integers from 1 to 6.

Particularly preferred are nonionic surfactants having a C 1-6 alkyl group having 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units followed by 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units. These surfactants have the required low viscosity in aqueous solution and can be used according to the invention with particular preference.

Surfactants of the general formula R ¹ -CH (OH) CH ₂ O- (AO) _w - (AO) _x - (A "O) _y - (A"'O) _z -R ² , in which R ¹ and R ² is independently a straight or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C ₂ _ ₄₀ alkyl or alkenyl; A, A ', A "and A'" independently represent a radical from the group -CH ₂ CH ₂ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ -CH ₂ , -CH ₂ -CH (CH ₃ ), -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ , -CH ₂ -CH (CH ₃ ) -CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ -CH (CH ₂ - CH ₃ ); and w, x, y and z are values between 0.5 and 90, where x, y and / or z can also be 0 are preferred according to the invention.

Preference is given in particular to those end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants which, in accordance with the formula R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH ₂ O] _x CH ₂ CH (OH) R ² , in addition to a radical R ¹ , which is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, furthermore a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical R ² having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, wherein x stands for values between 1 and 90, preferably for values between 30 and 80 and in particular for values between 30 and 60.

Surfactants of the formula R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ ) O] _x [CH ₂ CH ₂ O] _y CH ₂ CH (OH) R ² , in which R ^{1 is} a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 4, are particularly preferred R ^{2 is} a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and x is values between 0.5 and 1, 5 and y is a value of at least 15.

Particular preference is furthermore given to those end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH ₂ O] _x [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) O] _y CH ₂ CH (OH) R ² , in which R ¹ and R ² independently of one another is a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms, R ^{3 is} independently selected from -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ -CH ₃ , - CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ , but preferably represents -CH ₃ , and x and y independently of one another are values between 1 and 32, wherein nonionic surfactants with R ³ = -CH ₃ and values of x from 15 to 32 and y of 0.5 and 1.5 are most preferred.

Other preferred nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) O] _x [CH ₂ ] _k CH (OH) [CH ₂ ] _j OR ² in which R ¹ and R ^{2 are} linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R ^{3 is} H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2 Butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5. When the value x> 2, each R ³ in the above formula R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) O] _x [CH ₂ ] _k CH (OH) [CH ₂ ] _j OR ^{2 may be} different. R ¹ and R ² are preferably linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, with radicals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly preferred. For the radical R ³ , H, -CH ₃ or -CH ₂ CH _{3 are} particularly preferred. Particularly preferred values for x are in the range from 1 to 20, in particular from 6 to 15.

As described above, each R ³ in the above formula may be different if x> 2. As a result, the alkylene oxide unit in the square bracket can be varied. For example, when x is 3, the radical R ³ can be selected to form ethylene oxide (R ³ = H) or propylene oxide (R ³ = CH ₃ ) units which may be joined in any order, for example (EO) ( PO) (EO), (EO) (EO) (PO), (EO) (EO) (EO), (PO) (EO) (PO), (PO) (PO) (EO) and (PO) ( PO) (PO). The value 3 for x has been selected here by way of example and may well be greater, the range of variation increasing with increasing x values and including, for example, a large number (EO) groups combined with a small number (PO) groups, or vice versa , Particularly preferred end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) alcohols of the above formula have values of k = 1 and j = 1, so that the above formula is R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) O] _X CH ₂ CH (OH) CH ₂ OR ² simplified. In the latter formula, R ¹ , R ² and R ^{3 are} as defined above and x is from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18. Particularly preferred are surfactants in which the radicals R ¹ and R ^{2 has} 9 to 14 C atoms, R ^{3 is} H and x assumes values of 6 to 15.

The stated C chain lengths and degrees of ethoxylation or degrees of alkoxylation of the abovementioned nonionic surfactants represent statistical mean values which, for a specific product, may be an integer or a fractional number. Due to the manufacturing process, commercial products of the formulas mentioned are usually not made of an individual representative, but of mixtures, which may result in mean values for the C chain lengths as well as for the degrees of ethoxylation or degrees of alkoxylation and subsequently broken numbers.

Of course, the aforementioned nonionic surfactants can be used not only as individual substances, but also as surfactant mixtures of two, three, four or more surfactants. Mixtures of surfactants are not mixtures of nonionic surfactants which fall in their entirety under one of the abovementioned general formulas, but rather mixtures which contain two, three, four or more nonionic surfactants which can be described by different general formulas ,

If anionic surfactants are used as constituents of automatic dishwasher detergents, their content, based on the total weight of the compositions, is preferably less than 4% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight and very particularly preferably less than 1% by weight. Machine dishwashing detergents which do not contain anionic surfactants are particularly preferred.

Instead of the surfactants mentioned or in conjunction with them, it is also possible to use cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants.

In automatic dishwashing detergents, the content of cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants is preferably less than 6% by weight, preferably less than 4% by weight, very particularly preferably less than 2% by weight and in particular less than 1% by weight. %. Automatic dishwashing detergents containing no cationic or amphoteric surfactants are particularly preferred.

Some exemplary formulations for preferred two- or more-phase surfactant-containing detergents or cleaners can be found in the following tables:

* as part of phase [1] and / or one or more additional phases

The group of polymers includes, in particular, the washing or cleaning-active polymers, for example the rinse aid polymers and / or polymers which act as softeners. In general, cationic, anionic and amphoteric polymers can be used in detergents or cleaners in addition to nonionic polymers.

"Cationic polymers" in the context of the present invention are polymers which carry a positive charge in the polymer molecule and can be realized, for example, by (alkyl) ammonium groups or other positively charged groups present in the polymer chain Groups of quaternized cellulose derivatives, the polysiloxanes with quaternary groups, the cationic guar derivatives, the polymeric dimethyldiallylammonium salts and their copolymers with esters and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, the copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with quaternized derivatives of dialkylamino acrylate and methacrylate, the Vinylpyrrolidone-methoimidazolium chloride copolymers, the quaternized polyvinyl alcohols or the polymers specified under the INCI names Polyquaternium 2, Polyquaternium 17, Polyquaternium 18 and Polyquaternium 27.

For the purposes of the present invention, "amphoteric polymers" also have, in addition to a positively charged group in the polymer chain, also negatively charged groups or monomer units. These groups may, for example, be carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids.

Preferred washing or cleaning agents, in particular preferred automatic dishwashing agents, are characterized in that they contain a polymer a) which has monomer units of the formula R ¹ R ² C =CR ³ R ⁴ in which each R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ radical ^3, R ⁴ is independently selected from hydrogen, derivatized hydroxy, C _-30 linear or branched alkyl, aryl, aryl substituted Ci- ₃₀ linear or branched alkyl groups, polyalkoxylated alkyl groups, heteroatomic organic groups having at least one positive charge without charged nitrogen, at least a quaternized nitrogen atom or at least one amino group having a positive charge in the partial range of the pH range of 2 to 11, or salts thereof, with the proviso that at least one radical R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ^{4 is} a heteroatomic organic Group having at least one positive charge without charged nitrogen, at least one quaternized N atom or at least one aminog is a group with a positive charge. In the context of the present application, particularly preferred cationic or amphoteric polymers contain as monomer unit a compound of the general formula

H ₂ CX ^"

in which R ¹ and R ⁴ are each independently H or a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R ² and R ^{3 are} independently an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or aminoalkyl group in which the alkyl group is linear or branched and has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl group; x and y independently represent integers between 1 and 3. X represents a counterion, preferably a counterion from the group chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, methosulfate, lauryl sulfate, dodecyl benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate), cumene sulfonate, xylene sulfonate, phosphate, citrate, formate, acetate or mixtures thereof ,

Preferred radicals R ¹ and R ⁴ in the above formula are selected from -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , -CH (CH ₃ ) -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -OH , -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -OH, -CH (OH) -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -OH, -CH ₂ -CH (OH) -CH ₃ , - CH (OH) -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , and - (CH ₂ CH ₂ -O) _n H.

Very particular preference is given to polymers which have a cationic monomer unit of the above general formula in which R ¹ and R ^{4 are} H, R ² and R ^{3 are} methyl and x and y are each 1. The corresponding monomer unit of the formula

H ₂ C = C H- (CH ₂ ) -N ⁺ (CH ₃ ) ₂ - (CH ₂ ) -CH = CH ₂

X ^" are also called DADMAC (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) in the case of X = chloride.

Further particularly preferred cationic or amphoteric polymers contain a monomer unit of the general formula

Ri HC = C-R2 C (O) -NH- (CH ₂₎ -N ⁺ R3R4R5

X ^" in the R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ^{5 are} independently a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a linear or branched alkyl group selected from -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , -CH (CH ₃ ) -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -OH, -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -OH , -CH (OH) -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -OH, -CH ₂ -CH (OH) -CH ₃ , -CH (OH) -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , and - (CH ₂ CH ₂ -O) _n H and x is an integer between 1 and 6.

For the purposes of the present application, very particular preference is given to polymers which have a cationic monomer unit of the above general formula in which R ^{1 is} H and R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ^{5 are} methyl and x is 3. The corresponding monomer units of the formula

H ₂ C = C (CH ₃ ) -C (O) -NH- (CH ₂ ) _X -N ⁺ (CH ₃ ) ₃

X ^"

in the case of X = chloride also referred to as MAPTAC (Methyacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride).

According to the invention, preference is given to using polymers which contain diallyldimethylammonium salts and / or acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium salts as monomer units.

The aforementioned amphoteric polymers have not only cationic groups but also anionic groups or monomer units. Such anionic monomer units are derived, for example, from the group of linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated carboxylates, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated phosphonates, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated sulfates or linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated sulfonates. Preferred monomer units are acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid, (dimethyl) acrylic acid, (ethyl) acrylic acid, cyanoacrylic acid, vinylessingic acid, allylacetic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, cinnamic acid and their derivatives, the allylsulfonic acids such as allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid or the allylphosphonic acids.

Preferred usable amphoteric polymers are from the group of the alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / Methacrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / alkymethacrylate / alkylaminoethylmethacrylate / -alkylmethacrylate copolymers and also the copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, cationically derivatized unsaturated ones Carboxylic acids and optionally other ionic or nonionic monomers. Preferred zwitterionic polymers are from the group of acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts, the acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / methacrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts and the methacroylethylbetaine / methacrylate copolymers.

Preference is also given to amphoteric polymers, which in addition to one or more anionic

Monomers as cationic monomers methacrylamidoalkyl-trialkylammonium chloride and dimethyl

(diallyl) ammonium chloride.

Particularly preferred amphoteric polymers are selected from the group consisting of the methacrylamidoalkyltri-alkylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers, the methacrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / methacrylic acid copolymers and the methacrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl ) ammonium chloride / alkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts.

Particular preference is given to amphoteric polymers from the group of the methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers, the methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers and the methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl ) ammonium chloride / alkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts.

Detergents or cleaning agents contain the aforementioned cationic and / or amphoteric polymers preferably in amounts of between 0.01 and 10 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the detergent or cleaning agent. In the context of the present application, however, preference is given to detergents or cleaning compositions in which the weight fraction of the cationic and / or amphoteric polymers is between 0.01 and 8% by weight, preferably between 0.01 and 6% by weight, preferably between 0, 01 and 4 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 0.01 and 2 wt .-% and in particular between 0.01 and 1 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the automatic dishwashing detergent is.

To increase the washing or cleaning performance of detergents or cleaners enzymes can be used. These include in particular proteases, amylases, lipases, hemicellulases, cellulases, perhydrolases or oxidoreductases, and preferably mixtures thereof. These enzymes are basically of natural origin; Starting from the natural molecules, improved variants are available for use in detergents or cleaning agents, which are preferably used accordingly. Detergents or detergents contain enzymes preferably in total amounts of from 1 × 10 ^-6 to 5% by weight, based on active protein The protein concentration can be determined by known methods, for example the BCA method or the biuret method.

Among the proteases, subtilisin type ones are preferred. Examples are the subtilisins BPN 'and Carlsberg and their further developed forms, the protease PB92, the subtilisins 147 and 309, the Alkaline protease from Bacillus lentus subtilisin DY and the enzymes thermitase, proteinase K and the proteases TW3 and TW7, which are assigned to the subtilases but no longer to the subtilisins in the narrower sense.

Examples of amylases which can be used according to the invention are the α-amylases from Bacillus licheniformis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. stearothermophilus, Aspergillus niger and A. oryzae, as well as the further developments of the aforementioned amylases which are improved for use in detergents and cleaners. Furthermore, for this purpose, the α-amylase from Bacillus sp. A 7-7 (DSM 12368) and the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from B. agaradherens (DSM 9948).

Preferred are one or more enzymes and / or enzyme preparations, preferably solid protease preparations and / or amylase preparations, in amounts of 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably from 0.2 to 4.5 wt .-% and in particular from 0.4 to 4 wt .-%, each based on the total enzyme-containing agent used.

Some exemplary formulations for preferred two- or more-phase enzyme-containing detergents or cleaners can be found in the following tables:

* as part of phase [1] and / or one or more additional phases

Glass corrosion inhibitors prevent the occurrence of haze, streaks and scratches, but also iridescence of the glass surface of machine-cleaned glasses. Preferred glass corrosion inhibitors come from the group of magnesium and zinc salts and magnesium and zinc complexes.

The spectrum of the invention preferred zinc salts, preferably organic acids, particularly preferably organic carboxylic acids, ranging from salts which are difficult or insoluble in water, ie a solubility below 100 mg / l, preferably below 10 mg / l, in particular below 0.01 have mg / l, to those salts which have a solubility in water above 100 mg / l, preferably above 500 mg / l, more preferably above 1 g / l and in particular above 5 g / l (all solubilities at 20 ⁰ C. water temperature). The first group of zinc salts includes, for example, the Zinkeitrat, the Zinc oleate and the zinc stearate, the group of soluble zinc salts include, for example, zinc formate, zinc acetate, zinc lactate and zinc gluconate.

With particular preference is used as the glass corrosion inhibitor at least one zinc salt of an organic carboxylic acid, more preferably a zinc salt from the group zinc stearate, zinc oleate, zinc gluconate, zinc acetate, zinc lactate and Zinkeitrat used. Zinc ricinoleate, zinc abietate and zinc oxalate are also preferred.

In the context of the present invention, the content of zinc salt in detergents or cleaners is preferably between 0.1 and 5% by weight, preferably between 0.2 and 4% by weight and in particular between 0.4 and 3% by weight. or the content of zinc in oxidized form (calculated as Zn ²⁺ ) is between 0.01 and 1% by weight, preferably between 0.02 and 0.5% by weight and in particular between 0.04 and 0, 2 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the glass corrosion inhibitor-containing agent.

Corrosion inhibitors serve to protect the items to be washed or the machine, with particular silver protectants being of particular importance in the field of automatic dishwashing. It is possible to use the known substances of the prior art. In general, silver protectants selected from the group of triazoles, benzotriazoles, bisbenzotriazoles, aminotriazoles, alkylaminotriazoles and transition metal salts or complexes can be used in particular. Particularly preferred to use are benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole.

In addition, cleaner formulations often contain active chlorine-containing agents which can markedly reduce the corrosion of the silver surface. In chlorine-free cleaners, especially oxygen- and nitrogen-containing organic redox-active compounds, such as di- and trihydric phenols, e.g. Hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucin, pyrogallol or derivatives of these classes of compounds used. Also, salt and complex inorganic compounds, such as salts of the metals Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Co and Ce are often used. Preferred here are the transition metal salts which are selected from the group of the manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably the cobalt (ammin) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) - Complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or manganese and manganese sulfate. Also, zinc compounds can be used to prevent corrosion on the items to be washed.

The metal salts and / or metal complexes mentioned are contained in cleaning agents, preferably in an amount of 0.05 to 6 wt .-%, preferably 0.2 to 2.5 wt .-%, each based on the total agent.

Two- or multi-phase detergent or cleaning agent, characterized in that the two- or multi-phase detergent or cleaning agent further contains a silver protection agent which is present together with the bleaching agent a) in a phase of the detergent or cleaning agent, are preferred according to the invention. Some exemplary formulations for preferred two or more phase silver protectant-containing detergents or cleaners can be found in the following Tables:

Bleach activator in particulate form, which, based on its total weight, a content of bleach activator below 80 wt .-%

As perfume oils or perfumes, within the scope of the present invention, individual fragrance compounds, e.g. the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type are used. Preferably, however, mixtures of different fragrances are used, which together produce an attractive fragrance. Such perfume oils may also contain natural fragrance mixtures such as are available from vegetable sources, e.g. Pine, Citrus, Jasmine, Patchouly, Rose or Ylang-Ylang oil.

Preferred dyes, the selection of which presents no difficulty to the skilled person, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the agents and to light and no pronounced substantivity to the substrates to be treated with the dye-containing agents such as textiles, glass, ceramics or plastic dishes do not stain them.

In order to facilitate the disintegration of preformed moldings, it is possible to incorporate disintegration aids, so-called tablet disintegrants, into these compositions in order to shorten the disintegration times. By tablet disintegrants or disintegrants are meant excipients which ensure the rapid disintegration of tablets in water or other media and for the rapid release of the active ingredients. These substances, which are also referred to as "explosives" due to their effect, increase their volume upon ingress of water, on the one hand increasing the intrinsic volume (swelling), and on the other hand creating a pressure via the release of gases which can break the tablet into smaller particles disintegrates. Well-known disintegration aids are, for example, carbonate / citric acid systems, although other organic acids can also be used. Swelling disintegration aids are, for example, synthetic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or natural polymers or modified natural substances such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, alginates or casein derivatives.

Disintegration aids are preferably used in amounts of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight and in particular from 4 to 6% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the disintegration assistant-containing agent.

Preferred disintegration aids, preferably a disintegration aid based on cellulose, preferably in granular, cogranulated or compacted form, are present in the disintegrating agent-containing agents in amounts of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight and in particular from 4 to 6 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the disintegrating agent-containing agent.

Furthermore, according to the invention, gas-evolving effervescent systems can furthermore be used as tablet disintegration auxiliaries. The gas-evolving effervescent system may consist of a single substance that releases a gas upon contact with water. Among these compounds, mention should be made in particular of magnesium peroxide, which liberates oxygen on contact with water. Usually, however, the gas-releasing effervescent system in turn consists of at least two constituents which react with one another to form gas. While a variety of systems are conceivable and executable here, which release, for example, nitrogen, oxygen or hydrogen, the bubble system used in detergents and cleaners can be selected both on the basis of economic and environmental considerations. Preferred effervescent systems consist of alkali metal carbonate and / or bicarbonate and an acidifying agent which is suitable for liberating carbon dioxide from the alkali metal salts in aqueous solution.

As Acidifizierungsmittel which release carbon dioxide from the alkali metal salts in aqueous solution, for example, boric acid and alkali metal hydrogen sulfates, alkali metal dihydrogen phosphates and other inorganic salts can be used. However, preference is given to using organic acidifying agents, the citric acid being a particularly preferred acidifying agent. Acidifying agents in the effervescent system from the group of organic di-, tri- and oligocarboxylic acids or mixtures are preferred.

The detergents or cleaners according to the invention are in the form of two- or multiphase forms of supply, preferably in the form of two, three or four-phase supply forms. These forms of offer themselves are preferably made up in the form of a dosing unit. In the present application, the term "washing or cleaning agent dosing unit" refers in particular to those forms of supply which contain the amount of washing and cleaning-active substances sufficient for carrying out individual cleaning operations 30 g and in particular between 12 and 25 g The volume of the shaped bodies is usually in the range between 5 and 40 ml, preferably between 8 and 30 ml and in particular between 12 and 20 ml.

Particularly preferred washing or cleaning agent dosing units have dimensions in the range 5 cm × 3 cm × 3 cm, preferably in the range 4.5 cm × 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm, particularly preferably in the range 4 cm × 2 cm, 2 cm ,

For the purposes of this application, the term "phase" of these two-phase or multi-phase washing or cleaning agent dosing units refers to macroscopically visible areas of these dosing units., For example, in the case of tableted washing or cleaning agent dosing units, these are layers or cores For example, the washing or cleaning active preparations present in the receiving chambers of these dosing units are referred to as "phases".

The two- or multi-phase detergents or cleaners according to the invention can have solid or liquid phases or combinations of solid and liquid phases.

Examples of the above-described two- or more-phase detergent or dosing unit are, as stated above, two- or multi-layer tablets, injection molded body with two or more separate receiving chambers or foil pouches with two or more separate receiving chambers.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the two-phase or multi-phase detergents or cleaners according to the invention are in the form of a two-phase or multi-phase, preferably one two- or multi-layered tablet.

The individual phases of the two- or multi-phase base tablet or core tablet are preferably arranged in layers. The proportion by weight of the smallest phase, based on the total tablet, is preferably at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight and in particular at least 20% by weight. The proportion by weight of the phase with the highest proportion by weight of the tablet in the case of two-phase tablets is preferably not more than 90% by weight, preferably not more than 80% by weight and in particular between 55 and 70% by weight. For three-phase tablets, the weight fraction of the phase with the highest proportion by weight of the tablet is preferably not more than 80% by weight, preferably not more than 70% by weight and in particular between 35 and 60% by weight.

The manufacture of the dishwasher tablets preferably takes place in a manner known to the person skilled in the art by compressing particulate premixes. In this case, it is preferred according to the invention that the particulate premix has an average particle size between 0.4 and 3.0 mm, preferably between 0.6 and 2.5 mm and in particular between 0.8 and 2.0 mm.

In the context of the present invention preferred methods are characterized in that the

Compressing at Pressdrü icckkien of 0.01 to 50 kNcrrf ² , preferably from 0.1 to 40 kNcrrf ² and in particular from 1 to 25 kNcrrf ² takes place.

The density of dishwasher tablets preferred according to the invention is between 1.1 and 1.8 g / cm ³ , preferably between 1.2 and 1.7 cm ³ and in particular between 1.3 and 1.6 g / cm ³ .

Another object of the present application is therefore a process for preparing a two- or multi-phase detergent tablets, characterized in that a particulate premix comprising a) a bleaching agent b) a bleach activator c) a bleach catalyst selected from the group bleach-enhancing transition metal salts and transition metal complexes prepared and pressed into a tablet such that the bleaching agent a) is separate from the components b) and c) in a separate phase of the washing or cleaning agent, characterized in that the bleach activator b) used in particulate form and the bleach activator particles, based on their total weight, have a content of bleach activator above 80% by weight.

Some example formulations for preferred two or more phase detergent or cleaner tablets can be found in the following tables:

Bleach activator in particulate form, which, based on their total weight, a content of

Bleach activator below 80 wt .-% has

Component of the phases [1] and / or [2] and / or one or more further phases

Concentric presses can be provided to increase the throughput with two filling shoes, which only a semicircle must be run through to produce a tablet.

As mentioned above, the tablets in the context of the present invention can also be multi-phase, in particular multi-layered. The moldings can be made in a predetermined spatial form and predetermined size. As a form of space practically all useful manageable configurations come into consideration, for example, the training as a blackboard, the bar or bar shape, cubes, cuboids and corresponding space elements with flat side surfaces and in particular cylindrical configurations with circular or oval cross-section. This last embodiment detects the form of presentation from the tablet to compact cylinder pieces with a height to diameter ratio above 1.

To produce two-layered and multi-layered shaped bodies, several filling shoes are arranged one after the other without the slightly pressed-on first layer being ejected before further filling. By suitable process control coat and point tablets can be produced in this way, which have a zwiebelschalenartigen structure, wherein in the case of the point tablets, the top of the core or the core layers is not covered and thus remains visible. Producible are further mortar tablets, which have on their upper side a trough (a one-sided opened by webs and a base limited cavity).

Particularly preferred two- or multi-phase detergents or cleaners according to the invention have the form of a well tablet with a core inserted into the well, preferably compressed.

Corresponding processes for producing a dishwasher detergent tablet, characterized in that a particulate premix comprising a) a bleaching agent b) a bleach activator c) a bleach catalyst selected from the group of bleach-enhancing transition metal salts and transition metal complexes is prepared and pressed into a well tablet such that the bleach a) separated from the components b) and c) is present in a separate phase of the washing or cleaning agent, characterized in that the bleach activator b) is used in particulate form and the bleach activator particles, based on their total weight, a content of bleach activator above 80 wt .-% have.

After pressing, the detergent tablets have a high stability. The breaking strength of cylindrical shaped bodies can be detected by the measurand of the diametric breaking load. This is determinable

2P σ = πDt

Herein, σ is the diametrical fracture stress (DFS) in Pa, P is the force in N which results in the pressure applied to the molded article causing the breakage of the molded article, D is the molded article diameter in meters and t the height of the moldings. In a further preferred embodiment, the two- or multi-phase detergents or cleaners according to the invention are in the form of injection-molded metering units with two or more separate receiving chambers.

Injection molding refers to the forming of a molding material such that the mass contained in a mass cylinder for more than one injection molding plastically softens under heat and flows under pressure through a nozzle into the cavity of a previously closed tool. The method is mainly applied to non-hardenable molding compounds which solidify in the tool by cooling. Injection molding is a very economical modern process for producing non-cutting shaped articles and is particularly suitable for automated mass production. In practical operation, the thermoplastic molding compounds (powders, grains, cubes, pastes, etc.) are heated to liquefaction (up to 180 ⁰ C) and injected under high pressure (up to 140 MPa) in closed, two-part, ie from Gesenk (formerly Die) and core (formerly male) existing, preferably water-cooled molds, where they cool and solidify. Can be used piston and screw injection molding machines. Suitable molding compositions (injection molding compositions) are water-soluble polymers such as, for example, cellulose ethers, pectins, polyethylene glycols, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, alginates, gelatin or starch.

In a third preferred embodiment, the two- or multi-phase detergents or cleaners according to the invention are in the form of film bags with two or more separate receiving chambers.

The film bags are preferably obtained by deep drawing a film-like wrapping material. The deep drawing is preferably carried out by bringing the wrapping material over a receiving trough located in a die forming the deep-drawing tray and shaping the wrapping material into this receiving trough by the action of pressure and / or vacuum. The shell material may be pre-treated before or during the molding by the action of heat and / or solvent and / or conditioning by relative to ambient conditions changed relative humidity and / or temperatures. The pressure action can be carried out by two parts of a tool, which behave as positive and negative to each other and deform a spent between these tools film when squeezed. However, the action of compressed air and / or the weight of the film and / or the weight of an active substance applied to the upper side of the film is also suitable as pressure forces.

Suitable film materials are water-soluble polymers such as, for example, cellulose ethers, pectins, polyethylene glycols, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, alginates, gelatin or starch.

The subject matter of the present application is furthermore a process for cleaning dishes in a dishwashing machine, using automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention, wherein the machine dishwashing detergent are preferably metered into the interior of a dishwasher during the passage of a dishwashing program before the main wash cycle or during the main wash cycle. The metering or the entry of the agent according to the invention into the interior of the dishwasher can be done manually, but preferably the agent is metered into the interior of the dishwasher by means of the metering chamber of the dishwasher. In the course of the cleaning process, preferably no additional water softener and no additional rinse aid are metered into the interior of the dishwasher. A kit for a dishwasher comprising a) a machine dishwashing detergent according to the invention; (b) instructions instructing the consumer to use the automatic dishwashing detergent without the addition of a rinse aid and / or a softening salt are another subject of this application.

The automatic dishwasher detergents according to the invention show their advantageous cleaning properties, in particular also low-temperature cleaning processes. Preferred dishwashing method using the inventive agent are therefore characterized in that this process at temperatures up to 55 ° C, are preferably carried out to a maximum of 50 ⁰ C.

As described above, compositions according to the invention are distinguished from conventional automatic dishwasher detergents by an improved cleaning performance on bleachable soiling. An object of the present application is therefore also the use of a machine dishwashing detergent according to the invention for improving the bleaching performance in automatic dishwashing, in particular for removing tea stains.

Examples

In a dishwasher (Miele G 698) was treated at a water hardness of 21 ° dH and a temperature of 50 ⁰ C soiled dishes a machine cleaning, in each case 21 g of the machine dishwashing detergents listed in the table below were used in the form of two-phase tablets.

Bleach activator granules with a TAED content of 78% by weight

** particulate bleach activator with a TAED content above 97% by weight

The dough cleaning of the automatic dishwashing detergents was evaluated by the IKW method (evaluation scale of tea cleaning: 10 = no contamination to 0 = heavy contamination).

The values given are the mean values of purification tests which were carried out immediately after preparation of the dishwasher tablets and after storage for 4 weeks.

Claims

claims

1 . A two-phase or multi-phase detergent or cleaner comprising a) a bleach b) a bleach activator c) a bleach catalyst selected from the group of bleach-enhancing transition metal salts and transition metal complexes, the bleach a) being separated from the components b) and c) in a separate phase of the washing or cleaning agent is characterized in that the bleach activator b) is used in particulate form and the Blleichaktivatorpartikel, based on their total weight, a content of bleach activator above 80 wt .-% have.

2. two-phase or multi-phase detergent or cleaning agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it is the bleaching agent a) is an oxygen bleaching agent, preferably sodium percarbonate, more preferably a coated sodium percarbonate.

3. two- or multi-phase detergent or cleaning agent according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weight fraction of the bleaching agent a), based on the total weight of the detergent or cleaner between 2 and 30 wt .-%, preferably between 4 and 20 wt. -% and in particular between 6 and 15 wt .-% is.

4. Two-phase or multi-phase detergent or cleaner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is the bleach activator b) is a bleach activator from the group of acetylated amines, preferably tetraacetylenediamine (TAED).

5. two- or multi-phase detergent or cleaning agent according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weight fraction of the bleach activator b), based on the total weight of the detergent or cleaning agent between 0.1 and 10 wt .-%, preferably between 0 , 5 and 8 wt .-% and in particular between 1, 0 and 6 wt .-% is.

6. two-phase or multi-phase detergent or cleaning agent according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bleach activator b) is present as bleach activator granules, based on its total weight, a content of bleach activator above 85 wt .-%, preferably above 90 wt .-%, more preferably above 95 wt .-% and in particular above 97 wt .-%.

7. Two- or multi-phase detergent or cleaning agent according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bleach activator b) is present as bleach activator granules, based on its total weight, less than 20 wt .-%, preferably less than 15 wt. -%, especially preferred less than 10 wt .-% and in particular less than 5 wt .-% of a polymeric Granulationshilfsmittels.

8. Two-phase or multi-phase detergent or cleaner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bleach activator b) is present as bleach activator granules, which, based on its total weight, less than 20 wt .-%, preferably less than 15 wt. %, more preferably less than 10 wt .-% and in particular less than 5 wt .-% stabilizing additives.

9. two-phase or multi-phase detergent or cleaner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is the bleach catalyst c) is a complex of manganese, preferably from the group of complexes of manganese with 1, 4,7-trimethyl 1, 4,7-triazacyclononane (Me ₃ -TACN) or 1, 2, 4,7-tetramethyl-1, 4,7-triazacyclononane (Me ₄ -TACN).

10. Two-phase or multi-phase detergent or cleaner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weight fraction of the bleach catalyst c), based on the total weight of the detergent or cleaning agent between 0.001 to 3.0 wt .-%, preferably between 0 , 01 to 2.0 wt .-% and in particular between 0.01 to 1, 0 wt .-% is.

11. Two-phase or multi-phase detergent or cleaner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two- or multi-phase detergent or cleaning agent further comprises a phosphonate, preferably 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), which contains together with the bleaching agent a) is present in a phase of the washing or cleaning agent.

12. Two- or multi-phase detergent or cleaning agent according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the washing or cleaning agent is in the form of a two- or multi-phase, preferably a two- or multi-layered tablet.

13. Two-phase or multi-phase detergent or cleaning agent according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the washing or cleaning agent is in the form of an injection-molded metering unit with two or more separate receiving chambers.

14. A method for cleaning dishes in a dishwasher, using automatic dishwashing detergent according to one of claims 1 to 13.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that in the course of the cleaning process, no additional water softener and no additional rinse aid is dosed into the interior of the dishwasher.