EP2219817A2 - Soudage laser de pièces revêtues de zinc - Google Patents
Soudage laser de pièces revêtues de zincInfo
- Publication number
- EP2219817A2 EP2219817A2 EP08854149A EP08854149A EP2219817A2 EP 2219817 A2 EP2219817 A2 EP 2219817A2 EP 08854149 A EP08854149 A EP 08854149A EP 08854149 A EP08854149 A EP 08854149A EP 2219817 A2 EP2219817 A2 EP 2219817A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- zinc
- metal
- welding
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/1435—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means
- B23K26/1436—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means for pressure control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/1435—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means
- B23K26/1437—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means for flow rate control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/242—Fillet welding, i.e. involving a weld of substantially triangular cross section joining two parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/006—Vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of laser beam welding of zinc-coated parts used in particular for the manufacture of motor vehicles.
- the laser beam welding of zinc-coated sheets, widely used for the construction of motor vehicles, is difficult to implement because of the presence of the zinc layer on the parts to be welded.
- the zinc present at the interface vaporizes violently and can induce welding bath explosions, as well as significant porosities in the weld bead.
- a first possibility is to create a constant play at the interface of the parts that will allow the zinc vaporized by the beam, to escape during the welding operation.
- EP-A-527229 proposes to use a gaseous mixture based on argon and oxygen
- US-A-5,831,239 proposes to use a mixture formed of an oxidizing gas, such as a mixture of oxygen with nitrogen, helium or argon, and dry air.
- the oxygen present in these gas mixtures is supposed to go oxidize and burn the zinc vapors that are produced during the welding and thus avoid the porosities.
- a problem that arises is therefore to propose an effective laser welding process for zinc-coated parts, in particular those made of coated steel used for the construction of motor vehicles, which does not have the above drawbacks, in particular which does not require a space or clearance between the parts to be welded, that is to say that the parts can be arranged in contact or in quasi-contact with respect to each other so that there is no, almost no play or very low play (ie at most 0.15 to 0.20 mm) between said pieces in the region where the weld bead is to be made.
- a solution according to the invention is then a laser beam welding process of at least a first metal part coated with zinc with at least a second metal part, wherein: a) positioning at least a first coated metal part on to at least a part of one of its surfaces of a zinc layer with respect to at least a second metal part so as to obtain an assembly to be welded, and b) a melting of at least a part of the constituent metal is carried out said parts, by means of at least one laser beam striking at least one of said parts and at least a part of the surface coating containing zinc, and moving said laser beam relative to said assembly along a desired welding path so as to create a weld bead between said parts forming said assembly along said welding path and to cause vaporization of at least a portion of the zin c in said surface coating, characterized in that: - in step a), the parts are positioned in contact or in quasi-contact with respect to each other so that there is no no or almost no clearance between said parts in the region where the weld bead must
- the weld bead is produced by melting the metal with the formation of a capillary or keyhole filled with metal vapors immediately downstream of the point of impact of the beam on the part or parts, and first gas flow only to the opening of the metal vapor capillary so as to exert a sufficient gaseous dynamic pressure to maintain the capillary sufficiently open to obtain an evacuation of at least a portion of the zinc vapor from the surface coating, while all the time relative displacement of the laser beam relative to the parts.
- the gaseous dynamic pressure sufficient to keep the capillary open and thus evacuate at least a portion of the zinc vapors from the surface coating, which it is not possible to obtain usually in welding when the parts are positioned in contact or in quasi-contact with respect to one another so that it does not There is no or almost no game between them.
- the inventors of the present invention have shown that when directed towards the opening of the laser welding capillary, a flow of gas distributed by a welding nozzle or nozzle whose diameter was of the order of 1 to 2 mm, and whose typical speed of the gas was of the order of 5 to 6 m / sec, it was possible to open very importantly the vapor capillary without destabilizing the welding bath, and thus allow the vaporized zinc of s' to escape freely without disturbing the welding cord.
- the opening of the capillary is multiplied by a factor greater than 3 and generally between about 5 and 10 relative to a capillary obtained with a conventional method.
- a capillary obtained with a conventional method is slightly larger than the diameter of the focal spot, namely of the order of 500 ⁇ m, whereas, when implementing the method of the invention, its diameter is multiplied by 5 to 10 approximately, that is to say it is about 3 to 5 mm. This can be viewed using a fast camera.
- the method of the invention may include one or more of the following features:
- the weld bead is obtained by re-solidification of the molten metal in step b).
- the first gas stream is used to exert a continuous and substantially constant gaseous dynamic pressure over the opening of the vapor capillary, preferably in a direction perpendicular to the part (s) to be welded or inclined with respect to the surface of said rooms.
- the first gas stream is used to stabilize the flow of the molten metal liquid bath.
- a second protective gas stream distributed peripherally and / or coaxially with the first gas flow is also implemented.
- the flow rate of the first gas is of the order of 10 to 20 l / min and the flow rate of the second gas is of the order of 20 to 30 l / min.
- the distribution rate of the first gas is of the order of 2 to 10 m / sec, preferably of the order of 4 to 7 m / sec, preferably of the order of 5 to 6 m / sec.
- the first and second gases are chosen from argon, helium, nitrogen and their mixtures, and possibly in a smaller proportion of CO 2 , oxygen or hydrogen, or else with air, in particular purified air and freed from ambient impurities that it can contain and which are likely to pollute the weld pool.
- the laser beam is generated by an Nd: YAG type laser generator, with Ytterbium or CO 2 fibers.
- the metal part or parts to be welded are made of zinc coated carbon steel.
- the welding nozzle delivering the first gas stream has a gas passage section of between 0.1 and 10 mm 2 , preferably of 0.5 to 5 mm 2 of section, for example a nozzle with a circular exit orifice of 1 at 2 mm in diameter.
- the pressure of the first gas flow is between 1 and 10 kPa.
- Figure 1 schematizes the mode of action of this jet of gas. More precisely, it shows the vapor capillary 1 surmounted by metal vapor 2 obtained by melting by the laser beam 3 of the constituent metal of the parts to be welded which are covered with a layer of zinc.
- a nozzle 1 of 1 to 2 mm in diameter distributes a first flow of gas under pressure to said keyhole .
- the flow of gas is directed only towards the opening of the capillary 1 of metal vapor and in a direction perpendicular to the parts to be welded or inclined on one side or the other, so as to exert a sufficient gaseous dynamic pressure to significantly increase the diameter of the capillary, during the entire time of relative movement of the laser beam 3 relative to the parts, and thus allow evacuation of zinc vapors from the surface coating of the parts.
- the gas pressure exerted must be sufficient to lead to an evacuation of vaporized zinc by the opening of the capillary.
- a second protective gas stream distributed peripherally and / or coaxially with the first gas flow delivered by the nozzle 5 is also advantageously implemented.
- this second gas flow serves to protect the welding zone. , in particular the solder bath, atmospheric contaminations, in particular the incorporation into the molten metal of the bath of nitrogen, water vapor or similar impurities which could contaminate this bath by generating defects therein, such as porosities. It is therefore understood that only the first gas flow delivered by the nozzle exerts a gas pressure on the keyhole, the second gas stream only serves to protect the entire welding zone of the ambient atmosphere, so does not come not to put pressure on the keyhole.
- the method of the invention thus makes it possible to weld zinc-coated sheets irrespective of the clearance present between the sheets to be welded, in particular this method is applicable to the welding of assemblies in the automotive field, that is to say assemblies of several pieces, at least one of which has a galvanized or partly galvanized surface, ie galvanized or electro-galvanized.
- the weld bead made may be opening, that is to say through the entire thickness to be welded, or not opening depending on the application considered.
- Figure 2 attached diagrammatically shows different configurations of parts for which the method of the invention can be applied, including stacks of two or three sheets of variable thickness welded by transparency, that is to say that the sheets are at least partially superimposed on each other, and that the laser beam passes through the thickness or part of the thickness of one of the sheets (that located on the side where the beam arrives) before striking and melting the other sheet (the one furthest away from the laser nozzle delivering the beam).
- Figures 2a, 2g, 21, 2m and 2n show a clinching weld; Figures 2b and 2i, angled-angle welding; Figure 2c, an angle T welding; Figure 2d, a T welding by transparency; Figures 2e and 2f, soldering on fallen edges; Figure 2h, edge welding; Figure 2j, a corner welding by transparency; and Figure 2k, edge-to-edge corner welding.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0759032A FR2923405B1 (fr) | 2007-11-14 | 2007-11-14 | Soudage laser de pieces revetues de zinc |
PCT/FR2008/052002 WO2009068789A2 (fr) | 2007-11-14 | 2008-11-06 | Soudage laser de pièces revêtues de zinc |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2219817A2 true EP2219817A2 (fr) | 2010-08-25 |
Family
ID=39619382
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08854149A Ceased EP2219817A2 (fr) | 2007-11-14 | 2008-11-06 | Soudage laser de pièces revêtues de zinc |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2219817A2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2923405B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2009068789A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3429717B1 (fr) | 2015-03-18 | 2020-05-06 | François Parmentier | Procédé de séparation chromatographique énergetiquement économe |
FR3037516B1 (fr) * | 2015-06-22 | 2017-12-08 | L'air Liquide Sa Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Procede de soudage laser avec generateur laser a solide et jet de gaz dynamique |
FR3048905A1 (fr) * | 2016-03-21 | 2017-09-22 | Karim Chouf | Amelioration des procedes de soudage laser avec une buse a jet dynamique |
DE102018108824A1 (de) * | 2018-04-13 | 2019-10-17 | Rofin-Sinar Laser Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Laserschweißen |
FR3100729A1 (fr) | 2019-09-17 | 2021-03-19 | Psa Automobiles Sa | Procédé et installation pour le soudage de deux pièces métalliques |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5187346A (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1993-02-16 | General Motors Corporation | Laser welding method |
US5603853A (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1997-02-18 | The Twentyfirst Century Corporation | Method of high energy density radiation beam lap welding |
US6797914B2 (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2004-09-28 | General Motors Corporation | Joining workpieces by laser welding with powder injection |
FR2908677B1 (fr) * | 2006-11-17 | 2009-02-20 | Air Liquide | Procede de soudage par faisceau laser a penetration amelioree |
-
2007
- 2007-11-14 FR FR0759032A patent/FR2923405B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-11-06 WO PCT/FR2008/052002 patent/WO2009068789A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2008-11-06 EP EP08854149A patent/EP2219817A2/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2009068789A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2923405B1 (fr) | 2009-12-18 |
FR2923405A1 (fr) | 2009-05-15 |
WO2009068789A3 (fr) | 2009-07-23 |
WO2009068789A2 (fr) | 2009-06-04 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20100614 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
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AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA MK RS |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: LEFEBVRE, PHILIPPE Inventor name: CHOUF, KARIM Inventor name: BALLERINI, GAIA Inventor name: BRIAND, FRANCIS |
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DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20150421 |
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REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R003 |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
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18R | Application refused |
Effective date: 20160608 |