EP2219741B1 - Thermal triggering mechanism having a glass ampoule for aerosol fire extinguishers - Google Patents

Thermal triggering mechanism having a glass ampoule for aerosol fire extinguishers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2219741B1
EP2219741B1 EP08857565A EP08857565A EP2219741B1 EP 2219741 B1 EP2219741 B1 EP 2219741B1 EP 08857565 A EP08857565 A EP 08857565A EP 08857565 A EP08857565 A EP 08857565A EP 2219741 B1 EP2219741 B1 EP 2219741B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
state
strike pin
stand
pressure plate
inner spring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08857565A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2219741A1 (en
Inventor
Jiang Zhang
Peter Kloft
Klaus-Jürgen DELL
Matthias Agostin
Stephan Cordes
Axel Hemmer
Michael KÖLLER
Herbert Weisshaupt
Alexandra Welp
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Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH
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Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH filed Critical Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH
Publication of EP2219741A1 publication Critical patent/EP2219741A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2219741B1 publication Critical patent/EP2219741B1/en
Priority to CY20111100710T priority Critical patent/CY1112731T1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
    • A62C5/006—Extinguishants produced by combustion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A62C37/08—Control of fire-fighting equipment comprising an outlet device containing a sensor, or itself being the sensor, i.e. self-contained sprinklers
    • A62C37/10—Releasing means, e.g. electrically released
    • A62C37/11—Releasing means, e.g. electrically released heat-sensitive
    • A62C37/14—Releasing means, e.g. electrically released heat-sensitive with frangible vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/32—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges operated by change of fluid pressure
    • F42C15/33—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges operated by change of fluid pressure by breaking a vacuum or pressure container

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the thermally initiated release of an aerosol fire extinguisher generator according to claim 1 and a thermal release mechanism for aerosol fire extinguishers according to the preamble of claim 3.
  • US 2007/0246229 A1 describes a thermally initiated triggering of an aerosol fire extinguisher generator with an impacted by an inner spring striker, which is locked in the stand-by state. After thermal initiation, the detent is released and the striker bounces, driven by the force of an internal spring, onto a mechanical primer. As a result, an initial ignition material in the primer cap is triggered, which ignites a booster charge whose hot reaction gases ignite a pyrotechnic set of holes in the aerosol fire extinguisher generator.
  • Aerosol fire extinguishers are often in standby condition for many years, d. H. the inner spring is always under tension during this long time. In use, however, the inner spring must have sufficient spring force even after many years. However, this is often not the case.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a method for thermally initiated release of an aerosol fire extinguishing generator so that over the entire service life of the aerosol fire extinguishing generator absolutely safe release occurs under the same conditions.
  • the tension of the inner spring in the case of use before triggering should always be the same.
  • an aerosol fire extinguisher is to be specified, which meets these requirements. According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claim 1 with respect to the method.
  • the inner spring is tensioned by moving the firing pin in the clamping direction of the inner spring, without the locking of the firing pin, and after reaching the necessary voltage, the lock is released.
  • the firing pin must be moved to get a tension of the inner spring. This is a purely mechanical step that always leads to the same result even after many years.
  • a device in particular for carrying out the said method relates to a thermal release mechanism for aerosol fire extinguishing generators with a guided in a tubular body striker and the firing pin embracing inner spring, the force of the firing pin in the direction of a primer and the one hand on the firing pin and on the other hand supported on the body and with a locking device which locks the firing pin in its stand-by state and releases in its release state and the locking device cooperates with a thermally acting initiating element so that after triggering the initiating the locking device from its stand-by state in the Release state is transferred.
  • the locking device comprises a housing in a force-loaded by an external spring piston-like pressure plate, the initiating element holds in its stand-by state, the pressure plate against the force of the outer spring stationary.
  • the initiating element is a glass ampoule having an inner liquid which expands upon heating, which bursts upon reaching a certain temperature, the glass ampoule and then the pressure plate is moved by the outer spring from its stand-by state in the release state. Glass ampoules are ready for use even after many years. Until then, they will keep the printing plate in standby condition.
  • a cylindrical holding part is anchored to the pressure plate, which is guided in the stand-by state and during the first movement of the pressure plate in the direction of the release state in the body and has the holding part from the front side into the interior extending recess with radial Openings and projects the firing pin with an annular constriction at its end remote from the primer in the recess, wherein the annular constriction is in alignment with the radial openings and balls arranged in the space between the constriction, the radial openings and the inner wall of the body
  • the radial openings in the holding part have slipped out of the body and the balls fall out of the holding part, as a result of which the firing pin is no longer locked.
  • an O-ring is inserted, which rests in the stand-by state and during the first movement of the pressure plate toward the release state on the inner wall of the body.
  • the body is mounted in a sleeve and the sleeve is screwed into a housing.
  • a tube for receiving the primer cap and the booster charge is attached to the body, wherein these are arranged in alignment with the firing pin.
  • FIG. 1 shows a thermal release mechanism according to the invention for aerosol fire extinguishing generators.
  • a piston-like pressure plate 12 is inserted, which is displaceable on the longitudinal axis 21 of the housing 15.
  • a sleeve 16 is screwed by a thread 23.
  • the sleeve body 16a extending into the housing 15 has a smaller diameter than the diameter of the housing 15, whereby an annular space 24 is located between the sleeve body 16a and the housing 15.
  • an outer spring 17 is inserted, which surrounds the sleeve body 16a.
  • the outer spring 17 is supported on the one hand at the connection-side end 25 of the sleeve 16 and on the other hand on the pressure plate 12, so that the pressure plate 12 is pressed in the direction of the end face 26.
  • This end face 26 of the housing 15 is arranged opposite the connection-side end face 22 and is closed. So that the pressure plate 12 is kept in the stand-by state, a glass ampoule 13 is inserted into the housing 15, which is supported on the pressure plate 12 and on the end face 26.
  • the glass ampoule 13 In the glass ampoule 13 is a liquid containing the glass ampoule 13 at higher Temperatures are bursting.
  • the glass ampoule 13 can be supported on the end face 26, a stud 14 is screwed into this at which the glass ampoule 13 is supported.
  • the glass ampoule 13 surrounds an absorbent body 27.
  • a cylindrical body 5 is inserted, screwed in the embodiment shown here via a thread 28.
  • This thread 28 is located in the bottom 29 of the sleeve body 16a.
  • three bores 30, 31, 32 are introduced, whose longitudinal axes all coincide with the longitudinal axis 21 of the housing 15.
  • the connection-side end 5a of the body 5 projects out of the housing 15.
  • the bore 30 is introduced, in which a pipe 3 is inserted and screwed by a thread 33.
  • a primer 1 is used at the end facing the pressure plate 12 of the tube 3, a primer 1 is used. This primer 1 is used to ignite a booster charge 2, which is adjacent to the primer 1.
  • outflow holes 4 At the end of the tube 3 facing away from the housing 15 there are outflow holes 4, via which the hot reaction gases and particles of the booster charge 2 leave the tube 3 and flow into the fire extinguishing generator (not shown) where they ignite the pyrotechnic extinguishing agent.
  • the bore 31 Adjacent to the bore 30 in the interior of the sleeve body 16a, the bore 31 is introduced, the diameter of which is reduced relative to the bore 30.
  • the bore 31 merges into the bore 30 via a conical transition region.
  • Adjacent to the bore 31, the bore 32 is introduced in the sleeve body 16 a, whose diameter is equal to the bore 31.
  • Between the holes 31 and 32 a respect to the holes circumferentially reduced guide wall 34 is arranged. Centrally in this guide wall 34 on the longitudinal axis 21, a cylindrical passage 35 is introduced. Adjacent to the guide wall 34, the bore 32 is arranged.
  • the thread 28 is introduced on the body 5, with which the body 5 is screwed into the bottom 29 of the sleeve body 16a.
  • a firing pin 6 is slidably disposed on the longitudinal axis 21. This firing pin 6 extends in the standby state of the space 31 and through the guide wall 34 and the passage 35 into the bore 32.
  • an inner spring 7 compression spring
  • the spring 7 is supported with its one end on the firing cap 1 facing end portion of the firing pin 6 and with its other end on the guide wall 34. In this standby state, the force or the tension of the inner spring 7 would not be sufficient to initiate the primer cap 1.
  • a cylindrical holding part 9 is slidably inserted on the longitudinal axis 21.
  • This holding part 9 is connected via a cylindrical pin 11 fixed to the pressure plate 12.
  • the pressure plate 12 has a central flange 36 into which the end of the holding part 9 facing the pressure plate 12 engages. At the other end of the flange 36 engages the glass ampoule 13, which is supported on the flange 36 of the pressure plate 12.
  • an O-ring 10 is inserted for sealing, which rests in the standby state on the inner wall of the bore 32.
  • the cooperation of the firing pin 6 and the holding part 9 forms the lock and a part of the trigger mechanism.
  • a recess 18 In the lower end facing the firing pin 6 of the holding part 9 is located in the holding part 9, a recess 18.
  • This recess 18 has radial openings 19 which extend to the outside of the holding part 9.
  • the firing pin 6 protrudes with one of its ends into the recess 18 and has a constriction 20 at the end projecting into the recess 18.
  • balls 8 are inserted into the recess 18, which are supported on the one hand on the constriction 20 and on the other hand protrude through the radial openings 19 and are supported on the inner wall of the bore 32. As a result, the firing pin 6 is locked in the recess 18.
  • the fire extinguisher with integrated thermal self-release mechanism is for example permanently installed in a machine room, in the engine room of a car or a sports boat, in the server cabinet, in the storage room or the like.
  • the number and size of the extinguishing generators are matched to the room to be deleted.
  • the glass ampoule 13 filled with a special liquid heats up.
  • a predefined temperature eg 67 ° C. or 93 ° C.
  • the glass ampoule 13 bursts due to the expansion of the liquid the pressure plate 12 with the locked striker 6 to the right.
  • right is on top view FIG. 1 meant the right margin.
  • the pressure plate 12 is fixedly connected via a cylindrical pin 11 with the holding part 9.
  • the holding part 9 first takes over the balls 8 the firing pin 6 with to the right.
  • the inner spring 7 is biased.
  • the inner spring 7 and the outer spring 17 are compression springs.
  • the balls 8 After the balls 8 have left the inner wall of the body 5 due to the rightward movement, the balls 8 are pressed radially outward. As a result, the connection between the holding part 9 and the firing pin 6 dissolves. Then, the inner compression spring 7 shifts and accelerates the firing pin 6 to the left. The firing pin 6 impinges on the mechanical primer 1. The impact causes the initial igniter substance in the mechanical primer cap 1. The initial igniter then ignites the booster charge 2. The hot reaction gases and particles flow via the holes 4 into the extinguishing generator (not shown), where they ignite the pyrotechnic extinguishing.
  • the standby state ie the initial state before initiation.
  • the glass ampoule 13 is intact and holds the pressure plate against the force of the outer spring 17 fixed.
  • the inner spring 7 is largely unstressed. If the locking of the firing pin 6 would be canceled in the standby state, the tension of the inner spring 7 would be too low for a sufficient acceleration of the firing pin 6. The primer 1 would not be initiated.
  • FIG. 2 shows the state shortly after initiation.
  • the glass ampoule 13 is burst due to heating with concomitant volumetric expansion of the liquid located inside.
  • the pressure plate 12 moves due to the outer spring 17 to the right. Together with the pressure plate 12, the holding part 9 and the locked striker 6 also moves to the right.
  • the inner spring 7 begins to stretch.
  • FIG. 3 shows the condition a bit later.
  • the pressure plate 12 has now moved further to the right. Along with this movement, the holding part 9 is almost completely slipped out of the body 5 or the bore 32.
  • the inner spring 7 is now stretched maximum.
  • the radial openings 19 are no longer against the wall of the bore 32.
  • FIG. 4 shows the state again a little later. Since the radial openings 19 no longer rest against the wall of the bore 32, the balls 8 fall out of the holding part 9, ie from its inner guide. As a result, the firing pin 6 is no longer locked and is accelerated by the inner spring 7 in the direction of the primer cap 1. It is no longer shown that the firing pin 6 impinges on the primer cap 1 and this initiated and thereby the booster charge 2 is ignited, which in turn ignites the pyrotechnic extinguishing in the fire extinguisher.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for thermally initiated triggering of an aerosol fire extinguisher having a strike pin (6) acted upon by an inner spring (7) and locked in the stand-by state, and after thermal initiation, the lock is removed and the strike pin (6), driven by the force of the inner spring (7), strikes against a mechanical firing cap (1), whereby an initial firing material is released in the firing cap (1), igniting a booster charge (2), the hot conversion gas thereof igniting a pyrotechnic extinguisher charge in the aerosol fire extinguisher. In order that an absolutely reliable initiation takes place under the same conditions throughout the entire service life of the aerosol fire extinguisher, it is proposed that only immediately after the thermal initiation, when the firing pin (6) is still locked, the inner spring (7) is brought to the necessary tension for triggering the firing cap (1), and only after reaching said tension is the lock of the firing pin (6) automatically released.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur thermisch initiierten Auslösung eines Aerosol-Feuerlöschgenerators nach Anspruch 1 und einen thermischen Auslösemechanismus für Aerosol-Feuerlöschgeneratoren nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 3.The invention relates to a method for the thermally initiated release of an aerosol fire extinguisher generator according to claim 1 and a thermal release mechanism for aerosol fire extinguishers according to the preamble of claim 3.

US 2007/0246229 A1 beschreibt eine thermisch initiierte Auslösung eines Aerosol-Feuerlöschgenerators mit einem durch eine innere Feder beaufschlagten Schlagbolzen, der im stand-by Zustand arretiert ist. Nach thermischer Initiierung wird die Arretierung aufgehoben und der Schlagbolzen prallt, angetrieben durch die Kraft einer inneren Feder, auf ein mechanisches Anzündhütchen. Hierdurch wird ein initialer Anzündstoff im Anzündhütchen ausgelöst, der eine Boosterladung anzündet, deren heiße Umsetzungsgase einen pyrotechnischen Löchsatz im Aerosol-Feuerlöschgenerator anzünden. US 2007/0246229 A1 describes a thermally initiated triggering of an aerosol fire extinguisher generator with an impacted by an inner spring striker, which is locked in the stand-by state. After thermal initiation, the detent is released and the striker bounces, driven by the force of an internal spring, onto a mechanical primer. As a result, an initial ignition material in the primer cap is triggered, which ignites a booster charge whose hot reaction gases ignite a pyrotechnic set of holes in the aerosol fire extinguisher generator.

Aerosol-Feuerlöschgeneratoren stehen bis zum Einsatzfall oftmals sehr viele Jahre im stand-by Zustand, d. h. die innere Feder steht während dieser langen Zeit immer unter Spannung. Im Einsatzfall muss die innere Feder jedoch auch nach vielen Jahren ausreichende Federkraft aufweisen. Dies ist jedoch oft nicht der Fall.Aerosol fire extinguishers are often in standby condition for many years, d. H. the inner spring is always under tension during this long time. In use, however, the inner spring must have sufficient spring force even after many years. However, this is often not the case.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur thermisch initiierten Auslösung eines Aerosol-Feuerlöschgenerators so zu verbessern, dass über die gesamte Einsatzzeit des Aerosol-Feuerlöschgenerators eine absolut sichere Auslösung unter immer denselben Bedingungen erfolgt. Insbesondere soll die Spannung der inneren Feder im Einsatzfall vor der Auslösung immer gleich sein. Des Weiteren soll ein Aerosol-Feuerlöschgenerator angegeben werden, der diese Anforderungen erfüllt. Erfindungsgemäß wird bezüglich des Verfahrens diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.The invention has for its object to improve a method for thermally initiated release of an aerosol fire extinguishing generator so that over the entire service life of the aerosol fire extinguishing generator absolutely safe release occurs under the same conditions. In particular, the tension of the inner spring in the case of use before triggering should always be the same. Furthermore, an aerosol fire extinguisher is to be specified, which meets these requirements. According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claim 1 with respect to the method.

Dadurch, dass erst unmittelbar nach der thermischen Initiierung, bei noch arretiertem Schlagbolzen, die innere Feder auf die zur Auslösung des Anzündhütchens notwendige Spannung gebracht wird und erst nach Erreichen dieser Spannung die Arretierung des Schlagbolzens automatisch gelöst wird, erfolgt über die gesamte Einsatzzeit des Aerosol-Feuerlöschgenerators eine absolut sichere Auslösung unter immer denselben Bedingungen. Insbesondere ist die Spannung der inneren Feder im Einsatzfall vor der Auslösung immer gleich.Due to the fact that the inner spring is brought to the voltage necessary for triggering the primer cap only immediately after the thermal initiation, while the firing pin is still locked, and the catch of the firing pin is not automatically released until this voltage has been reached, the entire duration of use of the aerosol is achieved. Fire extinguisher an absolutely safe release under the same conditions. In particular, the tension of the inner spring in the application before the release is always the same.

In bevorzugter Weiterbildung wird durch Verschieben des Schlagbolzens in Spannrichtung der inneren Feder, ohne die Arretierung des Schlagbolzens aufzuheben, die innere Feder gespannt und wird nach Erreichen der notwendigen Spannung die Arretierung gelöst. Hierdurch muss nur der Schlagbolzen verschoben werden um eine Spannung der inneren Feder zu erhalten. Dies ist ein rein mechanischer Schritt, der auch nach vielen Jahren immer zum gleichen Ergebnis führt.In a preferred embodiment, the inner spring is tensioned by moving the firing pin in the clamping direction of the inner spring, without the locking of the firing pin, and after reaching the necessary voltage, the lock is released. As a result, only the firing pin must be moved to get a tension of the inner spring. This is a purely mechanical step that always leads to the same result even after many years.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung, insbesondere zur Durchführung des genannten Verfahrens betrifft einen thermischen Auslösemechanismus für Aerosol-Feuerlöschgeneratoren mit einem in einem hülsenförmigen Körper geführten Schlagbolzen und einer den Schlagbolzen umgreifenden inneren Feder, die den Schlagbolzen in Richtung auf ein Anzündhütchen kraftbeaufschlagt und die sich einerseits am Schlagbolzen und andererseits am Körper abstützt und mit einer Arretiervorrichtung, die den Schlagbolzen in seinem stand-by Zustand arretiert und in seinem Freigabezustand freigibt und die Arretiervorrichtung mit einem thermisch wirkenden Initiierelement so zusammenwirkt, dass nach Auslösung des Initiierelements die Arretiervorrichtung von ihrem stand-by Zustand in den Freigabezustand überführt wird.A device according to the invention, in particular for carrying out the said method relates to a thermal release mechanism for aerosol fire extinguishing generators with a guided in a tubular body striker and the firing pin embracing inner spring, the force of the firing pin in the direction of a primer and the one hand on the firing pin and on the other hand supported on the body and with a locking device which locks the firing pin in its stand-by state and releases in its release state and the locking device cooperates with a thermally acting initiating element so that after triggering the initiating the locking device from its stand-by state in the Release state is transferred.

Erfindungsgemäß umfasst die Arretiervorrichtung eine in einem Gehäuse durch eine äußere Feder kraftbeaufschlagte kolbenartige Druckplatte, wobei das Initiierelement in seinem stand-by Zustand die Druckplatte entgegen der Kraft der äußeren Feder ortsfest hält.According to the invention, the locking device comprises a housing in a force-loaded by an external spring piston-like pressure plate, the initiating element holds in its stand-by state, the pressure plate against the force of the outer spring stationary.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Initiierelement eine Glasampulle mit einer inneren sich bei Erhitzung ausdehnenden Flüssigkeit, die beim Erreichen einer bestimmten Temperatur die Glasampulle platzen lässt und dann wird die Druckplatte durch die äußere Feder von ihrem stand-by Zustand in den Freigabezustand verschoben. Glasampullen sind auch nach vielen Jahren einsatzbereit. Bis dahin halten sie die Druckplatte im stand-by Zustand.In a preferred embodiment, the initiating element is a glass ampoule having an inner liquid which expands upon heating, which bursts upon reaching a certain temperature, the glass ampoule and then the pressure plate is moved by the outer spring from its stand-by state in the release state. Glass ampoules are ready for use even after many years. Until then, they will keep the printing plate in standby condition.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist an der Druckplatte ein zylinderförmiges Halteteil verankert, welches im stand-by Zustand und während der ersten Bewegung der Druckplatte in Richtung zum Freigabezustand, im Körper geführt ist und weist das Halteteil eine von der Stirnseite sich ins Innere erstreckende Ausnehmung mit radialen Öffnungen auf und ragt der Schlagbolzen mit einer ringförmigen Einschnürung an seinem dem Anzündhütchen abgewandten Ende in die Ausnehmung, wobei sich die ringförmige Einschnürung in einer Flucht mit den radialen Öffnungen befindet und Kugeln im Raum zwischen der Einschnürung, den radialen Öffnungen und der Innenwand des Körpers angeordnet sind, die den Schlagbolzen im stand-by Zustand und während der ersten Bewegung der Druckplatte in Richtung zum Freigabezustand verankern. Von Vorteil ist hierbei unter anderem, dass die Arretiervorrichtung am Schlagbolzen in dessen Flucht, d. h. auf seiner Längsachse angreift. Der Schlagbolzen kann sich dadurch nicht verkanten.In a further development of the invention, a cylindrical holding part is anchored to the pressure plate, which is guided in the stand-by state and during the first movement of the pressure plate in the direction of the release state in the body and has the holding part from the front side into the interior extending recess with radial Openings and projects the firing pin with an annular constriction at its end remote from the primer in the recess, wherein the annular constriction is in alignment with the radial openings and balls arranged in the space between the constriction, the radial openings and the inner wall of the body These are the anchoring the firing pin in the stand-by state and during the first movement of the pressure plate towards the release state. Among other things, the advantage here is that the locking device on the firing pin in its flight, d. H. attacks on its longitudinal axis. The firing pin can not tilt by this.

Bevorzugt sind im Freigabezustand die radialen Öffnungen im Halteteil aus dem Körper gerutscht und fallen die Kugeln aus dem Halteteil, wodurch der Schlagbolzen nicht mehr arretiert ist.Preferably, in the release state, the radial openings in the holding part have slipped out of the body and the balls fall out of the holding part, as a result of which the firing pin is no longer locked.

Zur Abdichtung ist in einer Ausführungsform auf dem Außenumfang des Halteteils ein O-Ring eingelassen, der im stand-by Zustand und während der ersten Bewegung der Druckplatte in Richtung zum Freigabezustand an der Innenwand des Körpers anliegt.For sealing in one embodiment on the outer circumference of the holding part, an O-ring is inserted, which rests in the stand-by state and during the first movement of the pressure plate toward the release state on the inner wall of the body.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist der Körper in einer Hülse befestigt und ist die Hülse in ein Gehäuse eingeschraubt.In a further embodiment, the body is mounted in a sleeve and the sleeve is screwed into a housing.

In erfindungsgemäßer Weiterbildung ist am Körper ein Rohr zur Aufnahme des Anzündhütchens und der Boosterladung befestigt, wobei diese in Flucht zum Schlagbolzen angeordnet sind.In accordance with the invention, a tube for receiving the primer cap and the booster charge is attached to the body, wherein these are arranged in alignment with the firing pin.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Figuren.Further features of the invention will become apparent from the figures.

Figur 1 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen thermischen Auslösemechanismus für Aerosol-Feuerlöschgeneratoren. FIG. 1 shows a thermal release mechanism according to the invention for aerosol fire extinguishing generators.

In einem zylinderförmigen Gehäuse 15 ist eine kolbenartige Druckplatte 12 eingesetzt, die auf der Längsachse 21 des Gehäuses 15 verschiebbar ist. In die anschlussseitige Stirnseite 22 des Gehäuses 15 ist eine Hülse 16 über ein Gewinde 23 eingeschraubt. Der sich in das Gehäuse 15 erstreckende Hülsenkörper 16a weist einen geringeren Durchmesser auf als der Durchmesser des Gehäuses 15, wodurch sich zwischen dem Hülsenkörper 16a und dem Gehäuse 15 ein Ringraum 24 befindet. In diesem Ringraum 24 ist eine äußere Feder 17 eingesetzt, die den Hülsenkörper 16a umgreift. Die äußere Feder 17 stützt sich einerseits am anschlussseitigen Ende 25 der Hülse 16 und andererseits an der Druckplatte 12 ab, so dass die Druckplatte 12 in Richtung zu der Stirnseite 26 gedrückt wird. Diese Stirnseite 26 des Gehäuses 15 ist der anschlussseitigen Stirnseite 22 gegenüberliegend angeordnet und ist geschlossen. Damit die Druckplatte 12 im stand-by Zustand gehalten wird, ist eine Glassampulle 13 in das Gehäuse 15 eingesetzt, die sich an der Druckplatte 12 und an der Stirnseite 26 abstützt. In der Glasampulle 13 ist eine Flüssigkeit enthalten, die die Glasampulle 13 bei höheren Temperaturen zum Platzen bringt. Damit sich die Glasampulle 13 an der Stirnseite 26 abstützen kann, ist eine Stiftschraube 14 in diese eingedreht an der sich die Glasampulle 13 abstützt. Zur Aufnahme der Flüssigkeit in der Glasampulle 13 nach deren Platzen, umgibt die Glasampulle 13 ein Saugkörper 27.In a cylindrical housing 15, a piston-like pressure plate 12 is inserted, which is displaceable on the longitudinal axis 21 of the housing 15. In the connection-side end face 22 of the housing 15, a sleeve 16 is screwed by a thread 23. The sleeve body 16a extending into the housing 15 has a smaller diameter than the diameter of the housing 15, whereby an annular space 24 is located between the sleeve body 16a and the housing 15. In this annular space 24, an outer spring 17 is inserted, which surrounds the sleeve body 16a. The outer spring 17 is supported on the one hand at the connection-side end 25 of the sleeve 16 and on the other hand on the pressure plate 12, so that the pressure plate 12 is pressed in the direction of the end face 26. This end face 26 of the housing 15 is arranged opposite the connection-side end face 22 and is closed. So that the pressure plate 12 is kept in the stand-by state, a glass ampoule 13 is inserted into the housing 15, which is supported on the pressure plate 12 and on the end face 26. In the glass ampoule 13 is a liquid containing the glass ampoule 13 at higher Temperatures are bursting. Thus, the glass ampoule 13 can be supported on the end face 26, a stud 14 is screwed into this at which the glass ampoule 13 is supported. For receiving the liquid in the glass ampoule 13 after it has burst, the glass ampoule 13 surrounds an absorbent body 27.

Im Inneren der Hülse 16 bzw. des Hülsenkörpers 16a ist ein zylinderförmiger Körper 5 eingesetzt, in der hier gezeigten Ausführungsform über ein Gewinde 28 eingeschraubt. Dieses Gewinde 28 befindet sich im Boden 29 des Hülsenkörpers 16a. Im Inneren des Körpers 5 sind drei Bohrungen 30, 31, 32 eingebracht, deren Längsachsen alle mit der Längsachse 21 des Gehäuses 15 übereinstimmen. Das anschlussseitige Ende 5a des Körpers 5 ragt aus dem Gehäuse 15 heraus. In dieses Ende 5a ist die Bohrung 30 eingebracht, in die ein Rohr 3 über ein Gewinde 33 eingesetzt und verschraubt ist. An dem zur Druckplatte 12 gewandten Ende des Rohres 3 ist ein Anzündhütchen 1 eingesetzt. Dieses Anzündhütchen 1 dient zur Anzündung einer Boosterladung 2, die an das Anzündhütchen 1 angrenzt. An dem dem Gehäuse 15 abgewandten Ende des Rohrs 3 befinden sich Ausströmungslöcher 4, über die die heißen Umsetzungsgase und -partikel der Boosterladung 2 das Rohr 3 verlassen und in den Feuerlöschgenerator (nicht gezeigt) einströmen und dort den pyrotechnischen Löschsatz anzünden.In the interior of the sleeve 16 or of the sleeve body 16a, a cylindrical body 5 is inserted, screwed in the embodiment shown here via a thread 28. This thread 28 is located in the bottom 29 of the sleeve body 16a. Inside the body 5, three bores 30, 31, 32 are introduced, whose longitudinal axes all coincide with the longitudinal axis 21 of the housing 15. The connection-side end 5a of the body 5 projects out of the housing 15. In this end 5a, the bore 30 is introduced, in which a pipe 3 is inserted and screwed by a thread 33. At the end facing the pressure plate 12 of the tube 3, a primer 1 is used. This primer 1 is used to ignite a booster charge 2, which is adjacent to the primer 1. At the end of the tube 3 facing away from the housing 15 there are outflow holes 4, via which the hot reaction gases and particles of the booster charge 2 leave the tube 3 and flow into the fire extinguishing generator (not shown) where they ignite the pyrotechnic extinguishing agent.

An die Bohrung 30 angrenzend ist im Inneren des Hülsenkörpers 16a die Bohrung 31 eingebracht, deren Durchmesser gegenüber der Bohrung 30 reduziert ist. Die Bohrung 31 geht über einen konischen Übergangsbereich in die Bohrung 30 über. Angrenzend an die Bohrung 31 ist im Hülsenkörpers 16a die Bohrung 32 eingebracht, deren Durchmesser gleich der der Bohrung 31 ist. Zwischen den Bohrungen 31 und 32 ist eine gegenüber den Bohrungen umfangsreduzierte Führungswand 34 angeordnet. Mittig in dieser Führungswand 34 auf der Längsachse 21 ist ein zylinderförmiger Durchlass 35 eingebracht. Angrenzend an die Führungswand 34 ist die Bohrung 32 angeordnet. Auf der Außenseite der Bohrung 32 ist das Gewinde 28 auf dem Körper 5 eingebracht, mit der der Körper 5 in den Boden 29 des Hülsenkörpers 16a eingeschraubt ist.Adjacent to the bore 30 in the interior of the sleeve body 16a, the bore 31 is introduced, the diameter of which is reduced relative to the bore 30. The bore 31 merges into the bore 30 via a conical transition region. Adjacent to the bore 31, the bore 32 is introduced in the sleeve body 16 a, whose diameter is equal to the bore 31. Between the holes 31 and 32 a respect to the holes circumferentially reduced guide wall 34 is arranged. Centrally in this guide wall 34 on the longitudinal axis 21, a cylindrical passage 35 is introduced. Adjacent to the guide wall 34, the bore 32 is arranged. On the outside of the bore 32, the thread 28 is introduced on the body 5, with which the body 5 is screwed into the bottom 29 of the sleeve body 16a.

In den Bohrungen 31 und 32 ist ein Schlagbolzen 6 auf der Längsachse 21 verschiebbar angeordnet. Dieser Schlagbolzen 6 erstreckt sich im standby Zustand vom Raum 31 und durch die Führungswand 34 bzw. den Durchlass 35 bis in die Bohrung 32. In der Bohrung 31 ist eine innere Feder 7 (Druckfeder) angeordnet, die den Schlagbolzen 6 umgreift. Die Feder 7 stützt sich mit ihrem einen Ende am zum Anzündhütchen 1 gewandten Endteil des Schlagbolzens 6 und mit Ihrem anderen Ende an der Führungswand 34 ab. In diesem standby Zustand würde die Kraft bzw. die Spannung der inneren Feder 7 nicht zur Initiierung des Anzündhütchens 1 ausreichen.In the holes 31 and 32, a firing pin 6 is slidably disposed on the longitudinal axis 21. This firing pin 6 extends in the standby state of the space 31 and through the guide wall 34 and the passage 35 into the bore 32. In the bore 31, an inner spring 7 (compression spring) is arranged, which surrounds the firing pin 6. The spring 7 is supported with its one end on the firing cap 1 facing end portion of the firing pin 6 and with its other end on the guide wall 34. In this standby state, the force or the tension of the inner spring 7 would not be sufficient to initiate the primer cap 1.

In die Bohrung 32 ist ein zylinderförmiges Halteteil 9 auf der Längsachse 21 verschiebbar eingesetzt. Dieses Halteteil 9 ist über einen Zylinderstift 11 fest mit der Druckplatte 12 verbunden. Die Druckplatte 12 weist hierzu einen mittigen Flansch 36 auf in den das zur Druckplatte 12 gewandte Ende des Halteteils 9 eingreift. Am anderen Ende des Flansches 36 greift die Glasampulle 13 ein, die sich am Flansch 36 der Druckplatte 12 abstützt. Auf der Umfangsfläche des Halteteils 9 ist zur Abdichtung ein O-Ring 10 eingelassen, der im standby Zustand an der Innenwand der Bohrung 32 anliegt.In the bore 32, a cylindrical holding part 9 is slidably inserted on the longitudinal axis 21. This holding part 9 is connected via a cylindrical pin 11 fixed to the pressure plate 12. For this purpose, the pressure plate 12 has a central flange 36 into which the end of the holding part 9 facing the pressure plate 12 engages. At the other end of the flange 36 engages the glass ampoule 13, which is supported on the flange 36 of the pressure plate 12. On the peripheral surface of the holding part 9, an O-ring 10 is inserted for sealing, which rests in the standby state on the inner wall of the bore 32.

Das Zusammenwirken des Schlagbolzens 6 und des Halteteils 9 bildet die Arretierung und einen Teil des Auslösemechanismus. Im unteren zum Schlagbolzen 6 gewandten Ende des Halteteils 9 befindet sich im Halteteil 9 eine Ausnehmung 18. Diese Ausnehmung 18 weist radiale Öffnungen 19 auf, die bis auf die Außenseite des Halteteils 9 reichen. Der Schlagbolzen 6 ragt mit einem seiner Enden in die Ausnehmung 18 und weist an dem in die Ausnehmung 18 ragenden Ende eine Einschnürung 20 auf. Zur Arretierung des Schlagbolzens 6 im Halteteil 9 sind Kugeln 8 in die Ausnehmung 18 eingelegt, die sich einerseits an der Einschnürung 20 abstützen und andererseits durch die radialen Öffnungen 19 ragen und sich an der Innenwand der Bohrung 32 abstützen. Hierdurch ist der Schlagbolzen 6 in der Ausnehmung 18 arretiert.The cooperation of the firing pin 6 and the holding part 9 forms the lock and a part of the trigger mechanism. In the lower end facing the firing pin 6 of the holding part 9 is located in the holding part 9, a recess 18. This recess 18 has radial openings 19 which extend to the outside of the holding part 9. The firing pin 6 protrudes with one of its ends into the recess 18 and has a constriction 20 at the end projecting into the recess 18. To lock the firing pin 6 in the holding part 9 balls 8 are inserted into the recess 18, which are supported on the one hand on the constriction 20 and on the other hand protrude through the radial openings 19 and are supported on the inner wall of the bore 32. As a result, the firing pin 6 is locked in the recess 18.

Der Feuerlöschgenerator mit integriertem thermischen Selbstauslösemechanismus ist beispielsweise fest eingebaut in einem Maschinenraum, im Motorenraum eines Autos oder eines Sportbootes, im Serverschrank, im Lagerraum oder ähnlichem. Die Anzahl und Größe der Löschgeneratoren werden auf den zu löschenden Raum abgestimmt.The fire extinguisher with integrated thermal self-release mechanism is for example permanently installed in a machine room, in the engine room of a car or a sports boat, in the server cabinet, in the storage room or the like. The number and size of the extinguishing generators are matched to the room to be deleted.

Beim Ausbruch eines Feuers erhitzt sich die mit einer speziellen Flüssigkeit gefüllte Glasampulle 13. Bei Erreichen einer vordefinierten Temperatur (z. B. 67°C oder 93°C) zerplatzt aufgrund der Ausdehnung der Flüssigkeit die Glasampulle 13. Daraufhin drückt zuerst die äußere Feder 17 die Druckplatte 12 mit dem arretierten Schlagbolzen 6 nach rechts. Mit rechts ist bei Draufsicht auf Figur 1 der rechte Seitenrand gemeint.When a fire breaks out, the glass ampoule 13 filled with a special liquid heats up. Upon reaching a predefined temperature (eg 67 ° C. or 93 ° C.), the glass ampoule 13 bursts due to the expansion of the liquid the pressure plate 12 with the locked striker 6 to the right. With right is on top view FIG. 1 meant the right margin.

Die Druckplatte 12 ist über einen Zylinderstift 11 mit dem Halteteil 9 fest verbunden. Das Halteteil 9 nimmt zuerst über die Kugeln 8 den Schlagbolzen 6 mit nach rechts. Dadurch wird die innere Feder 7 vorgespannt. Die innere Feder 7 und die äußere Feder 17 sind Druckfedern.The pressure plate 12 is fixedly connected via a cylindrical pin 11 with the holding part 9. The holding part 9 first takes over the balls 8 the firing pin 6 with to the right. As a result, the inner spring 7 is biased. The inner spring 7 and the outer spring 17 are compression springs.

Nachdem die Kugeln 8 die Innenwand des Körpers 5 infolge der Rechtsbewegung verlassen haben, werden die Kugeln 8 radial nach außen gedrückt. Dadurch löst sich die Verbindung zwischen dem Halteteil 9 und dem Schlagbolzen 6. Daraufhin verschiebt und beschleunigt die innere Druckfeder 7 den Schlagbolzen 6 nach links. Der Schlagbolzen 6 prallt auf das mechanische Anzündhütchen 1 auf. Durch den Schlag wird der initiale Anzündstoff im mechanischen Anzündhütchen 1 ausgelöst. Der initiale Anzündstoff zündet dann die Boosterladung 2 an. Die heißen Umsetzungsgase und -partikel strömen über die Löcher 4 in den Löschgenerator (nicht gezeigt) ein, und zünden dort den pyrotechnischen Löschsatz an.After the balls 8 have left the inner wall of the body 5 due to the rightward movement, the balls 8 are pressed radially outward. As a result, the connection between the holding part 9 and the firing pin 6 dissolves. Then, the inner compression spring 7 shifts and accelerates the firing pin 6 to the left. The firing pin 6 impinges on the mechanical primer 1. The impact causes the initial igniter substance in the mechanical primer cap 1. The initial igniter then ignites the booster charge 2. The hot reaction gases and particles flow via the holes 4 into the extinguishing generator (not shown), where they ignite the pyrotechnic extinguishing.

Nachfolgend wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur thermisch initiierten Auslösung eines Aerosol-Feuerlöschgenerators noch einmal anhand von Figuren erläutert.The method according to the invention for the thermally initiated triggering of an aerosol fire extinguisher generator will be explained again below with reference to figures.

Wie erwähnt zeigt Figur 1 den standby Zustand d.h. den Ausgangszustand vor der Initiierung. Die Glasampulle 13 ist intakt und hält die Druckplatte entgegen der Kraft der äußeren Feder 17 ortsfest. Die innere Feder 7 ist weitgehend ungespannt. Wenn im standby Zustand die Arretierung des Schlagbolzens 6 aufgehoben würde, wäre die Spannung der inneren Feder 7 für eine ausreichende Beschleunigung des Schlagbolzens 6 zu gering. Das Anzündhütchen 1 würde nicht initiiert werden.As mentioned shows FIG. 1 the standby state, ie the initial state before initiation. The glass ampoule 13 is intact and holds the pressure plate against the force of the outer spring 17 fixed. The inner spring 7 is largely unstressed. If the locking of the firing pin 6 would be canceled in the standby state, the tension of the inner spring 7 would be too low for a sufficient acceleration of the firing pin 6. The primer 1 would not be initiated.

Figur 2 zeigt den Zustand kurz nach der Initiierung. Die Glasampulle 13 ist zerplatzt infolge Erhitzung mit einhergehender Volumenausdehnung der sich im Inneren befindlichen Flüssigkeit. Die Druckplatte 12 bewegt sich aufgrund der äußeren Feder 17 nach rechts. Zusammen mit der Druckplatte 12 bewegt sich auch das Halteteil 9 und der arretierte Schlagbolzen 6 nach rechts. Die innere Feder 7 beginnt sich zu spannen. FIG. 2 shows the state shortly after initiation. The glass ampoule 13 is burst due to heating with concomitant volumetric expansion of the liquid located inside. The pressure plate 12 moves due to the outer spring 17 to the right. Together with the pressure plate 12, the holding part 9 and the locked striker 6 also moves to the right. The inner spring 7 begins to stretch.

Figur 3 zeigt den Zustand etwas später. Die Druckplatte 12 hat sich nun weiter nach rechts bewegt. Mit dieser Bewegung einhergehend ist das Halteteil 9 nahezu vollständig aus dem Körper 5 bzw. der Bohrung 32 gerutscht. Die innere Feder 7 ist nun maximal gespannt. Die radialen Öffnungen 19 liegen nicht mehr an der Wand der Bohrung 32 an. FIG. 3 shows the condition a bit later. The pressure plate 12 has now moved further to the right. Along with this movement, the holding part 9 is almost completely slipped out of the body 5 or the bore 32. The inner spring 7 is now stretched maximum. The radial openings 19 are no longer against the wall of the bore 32.

Figur 4 zeigt den Zustand wieder etwas später. Da die radialen Öffnungen 19 nicht mehr an der Wand der Bohrung 32 anliegen, fallen die Kugeln 8 aus dem Halteteil 9, d. h. aus ihrer Innenführung. Dadurch ist der Schlagbolzen 6 nicht mehr arretiert und wird von der inneren Feder 7 in Richtung zum Anzündhütchen 1 beschleunigt. Nicht mehr gezeigt ist, dass der Schlagbolzen 6 auf das Anzündhütchen 1 auftrifft und dieses initiiert und dadurch die Boosterladung 2 angezündet wird, die dann wiederum den pyrotechnischen Löschsatz im Feuerlöschgenerator anzündet. FIG. 4 shows the state again a little later. Since the radial openings 19 no longer rest against the wall of the bore 32, the balls 8 fall out of the holding part 9, ie from its inner guide. As a result, the firing pin 6 is no longer locked and is accelerated by the inner spring 7 in the direction of the primer cap 1. It is no longer shown that the firing pin 6 impinges on the primer cap 1 and this initiated and thereby the booster charge 2 is ignited, which in turn ignites the pyrotechnic extinguishing in the fire extinguisher.

Claims (9)

  1. A method for thermally initiated triggering of an aerosol fire extinguisher having a strike pin (6) that is acted upon by an inner spring (7) and is locked in the stand-by state, and after thermal initiation the lock is removed and the strike pin (6), driven by the force of the inner spring (7), strikes against a mechanical firing cap (1), as a result of which an initial firing material in the firing cap (1) is released that ignites a booster charge (2) whose hot conversion gases ignite a pyrotechnic extinguisher charge in the aerosol fire extinguisher, wherein it is only immediately after the thermal initiation, with the strike pin (6) still locked, that the inner spring (7) is brought to the tension that is necessary in order to trigger the firing cap (1) and it is only after this tension is achieved that the lock of the strike pin (6) is automatically released.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that as a result of displacement of the strike pin (6) in the tensioning direction of the inner spring (7), without removing the lock of the strike pin (6), the inner spring (7) is tensioned and the lock is released after the necessary tension has been achieved.
  3. A thermal triggering mechanism for aerosol fire extinguishers having a strike pin (6) that is guided in a sleeve-shaped body (5) and an inner spring (7) that surrounds the strike pin (6) and applies force to the strike pin (6) in the direction of a firing cap (1) and is stayed, on the one hand, on the strike pin (6) and, on the other hand, on the body (5), and having a locking device that locks the strike pin (6) in its stand-by state and frees it in its free state, and the locking device co-operates with a thermally acting initiating element in such a way that after the initiating element has been triggered the locking device is transferred from its stand-by state into the freeing state, in particular for carrying out the method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the locking device comprises a piston-like pressure plate (12) to which force is applied in a housing (15) by means of an outer spring (17), wherein the initiating element in its stand-by state holds the pressure plate (12) so that it is stationary in opposition to the force of the outer spring (17).
  4. A triggering mechanism according to claim 3, characterised in that the initiating element is a glass ampoule (13) with an inner liquid that expands upon heating and allows the glass ampoule (13) to burst upon reaching a certain temperature, and then the pressure plate (12) is displaced by the outer spring (17) from its stand-by state into the freeing state.
  5. A triggering mechanism according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that anchored on the pressure plate (12) there is a cylindrical holding portion (9) which in the stand-by state and during the first movement of the pressure plate (12) in the direction of the freeing state is guided in the body, and the holding portion (9) has a recess (18) with radial openings (19) that extends into the interior from the end face, and the strike pin (6) projects with an annular constriction (20) at its end that is remote from the firing cap (1) into the recess (18), with the annular constriction (20) being in line with the radial openings (19), and with balls (8) being arranged in the space between the constriction (20), the radial openings (19) and the inner wall of the body (5) that anchor the strike pin (6) in the stand-by state and during the first movement of the pressure plate (12) in the direction of the freeing state.
  6. A triggering mechanism according to claim 5, characterised in that in the free state the radial openings (19) in the holding portion (9) are slid out of the body (5) and the balls (8) fall out of the holding portion (9), as a result of which the strike pin (6) is no longer locked.
  7. A triggering mechanism according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that let into the outer periphery of the holding portion (9) there is an O-ring (10) that rests against the inner wall of the body (5) in the stand-by state and during the first movement of the pressure plate (12) in the direction of the freeing state.
  8. A triggering mechanism according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterised in that the body (5) is secured in a sleeve (16), and the sleeve (16) is screwed into a housing (15).
  9. A triggering mechanism according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterised in that secured to the body (5) there is a tube (3) for receiving the firing cap (1) and the booster charge (2), the latter being arranged in line with the strike pin (6).
EP08857565A 2007-12-07 2008-12-04 Thermal triggering mechanism having a glass ampoule for aerosol fire extinguishers Not-in-force EP2219741B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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CY20111100710T CY1112731T1 (en) 2007-12-07 2011-07-20 THERMAL FIRE-FILLING MACHINE WITH A GLASS CARPET FOR FIRE-FUEL GENERATORS

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DE102007059358 2007-12-07
PCT/EP2008/066821 WO2009071635A1 (en) 2007-12-07 2008-12-04 Thermal triggering mechanism having a glass ampoule for aerosol fire extinguishers

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EP2219741B1 true EP2219741B1 (en) 2011-05-11

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AT (1) ATE508773T1 (en)
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EP2219741A1 (en) 2010-08-25
RU2010126932A (en) 2012-01-20
UA98024C2 (en) 2012-04-10
CY1112731T1 (en) 2016-02-10
RU2491972C2 (en) 2013-09-10
WO2009071635A1 (en) 2009-06-11
ATE508773T1 (en) 2011-05-15
DE102008060233A1 (en) 2009-06-10
US20110036600A1 (en) 2011-02-17
US8596372B2 (en) 2013-12-03
AU2008333150A1 (en) 2009-06-11
ES2366569T3 (en) 2011-10-21

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