EP2212702A1 - Marqueurs sanguins du rejet de l'intestin transplante - Google Patents
Marqueurs sanguins du rejet de l'intestin transplanteInfo
- Publication number
- EP2212702A1 EP2212702A1 EP08872149A EP08872149A EP2212702A1 EP 2212702 A1 EP2212702 A1 EP 2212702A1 EP 08872149 A EP08872149 A EP 08872149A EP 08872149 A EP08872149 A EP 08872149A EP 2212702 A1 EP2212702 A1 EP 2212702A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rejection
- marker
- concentration
- citrulline
- threshold variation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6803—General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
- G01N33/6806—Determination of free amino acids
- G01N33/6812—Assays for specific amino acids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/24—Immunology or allergic disorders
- G01N2800/245—Transplantation related diseases, e.g. graft versus host disease
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of detecting the rejection of an intestinal graft.
- the present invention finds particular application in the medical field, more particularly in the field of transplants and the detection of graft rejection.
- references in brackets ([]) refer to the list of references after the examples.
- Irreversible chronic intestinal insufficiency has two main causes: a short anatomic bowel following, for example, small bowel resections, or a short functional bowel due to intestinal cell disease or intestinal motility disorders (dysfunction motor causing chronic partial obstructions and malabsorption).
- the main result of chronic intestinal insufficiency is an addiction to parenteral nutrition.
- This parenteral nutrition has several drawbacks first of all the material constraints of patient care as well as complications that can put the patient's vital prognosis at risk.
- An alternative to parenteral nutrition and also to life-threatening patients is performing bowel transplantation. Since 2001, bowel transplantation has been steadily increasing. More than 140 transplants per year are performed in the United States. In France, the potential is 40 to 50 new cases per year.
- graft rejection markers for gut transplants such as exist for kidney transplants or liver transplants would therefore prevent deaths from rejection of the graft and thus significantly reduce the number of deaths. due to rejection of the transplant.
- citrulline in P. Crenn et al. 'Postabsorptive plasma citrulline concentration is a marker of absoptive enterocere mass and intestinal failure in humans. Gastroénterology "2000; 119: 1496-505 [1] is described as a marker of intestinal failure and in LC. Lutgens et al. "Myeloablative monitoring therapy-induced small bowel toxicity by serum citrulline concentration: a comparison with sugar permeability tests" Cancer 2005; 103: 191-9 [2] as a marker of cell death in the intestine. In the article of PA. Pappas et al. "Citrulline serum and rejection in small bowel transplantation: a preliminary report" Transplantation 2001; 72: 1212-16 [3], the authors linked citrulline with rejection of intestinal grafts and in PA.
- the present invention is specifically intended to meet the above-mentioned needs and disadvantages by providing a method of detecting the rejection of an intestinal graft.
- the method of the invention comprises the in vitro detection of rejection of an intestinal graft comprising the steps of: a) measuring the concentration in a liquid sample of at least two markers selected from the group consisting of: aspartate , citrulline, taurine and phenylalanine, b) calculation of the difference for each marker of said concentrations measured in step a) with a reference concentration of said marker, c) comparison for each marker of the absolute value of said difference with a discriminant threshold variation, d) assigning a score for each marker based on said comparison and summing said scores.
- the detection of the rejection of an intestinal graft is observed in 100% of cases when the summation of the scores made in step d) is greater than or equal to 2.
- the present invention also relates to a kit for implementing the method of the invention.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the method of the invention for the diagnosis of intestinal graft rejection.
- the term "liquid sample” or “sample” is intended to mean any liquid sample capable of enabling the measurement of the concentration of at least two markers to be carried out. It may be for example any biological fluid, for example a blood sample, a plasma sample, a sample of cerebrospinal fluid, a sample of urine, saliva, sweat, synovial fluid, etc.
- the liquid sample may come for example from a sample taken on a mammal or a rodent.
- the mammal can be for example a human being, a pig and / or a monkey.
- the liquid sample can come from a grafted or ungrafted individual, healthy or sick for example with intestinal, cardiac, renal, hepatic, pulmonary, pancreatic insufficiency, etc. and / or an individual who has had an intestinal transplant.
- the liquid sample may also be a previously diluted, concentrated and / or purified sample. It may also be a solid or semi-solid sample previously treated to be solubilized, for example by dispersion in a physiological liquid.
- the measurement of the concentration of the markers can be carried out by any means known to those skilled in the art.
- the measurement of the concentration of at least one of the markers may be performed by means selected from the group consisting of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), immunoassay, reverse phase gas chromatography with a precolumn of derivation with different reagents for example 9-fluorenymethylchloroformate, phenylisothiocyanate, dimethylaminaphthalenesulfonyl chloride, dimethylaminoazobenzenesulfonyl chloride and / or 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, ions with a post-derivatization column using OPA and / or ninhydrin, automated ion exchange chromatography using the Hitachi L-8500A device as described in Boucher J, et al.
- the reference concentration of step b) is a concentration for each marker determined by measurement in a sample from an individual or from a normalization of measurements from different samples from different samples. people.
- the above-mentioned individual (s) may be, for example, an individual (s) who has not undergone gut transplantation, this or these individuals (s). ) may be a healthy individual (s) or waiting for a bowel transplant. It may be for example one or more individual (s) having an age, weight, size and / or physiological characteristics close to or identical to those of the individual from whom the sample on which is measured at step a) the concentration of the markers.
- the measurement of the reference concentration can be carried out by any measuring means suitable for carrying out the method of the invention.
- the measurement of the reference concentration can be carried out by the aforementioned measurement methods.
- the reference concentration is measured on a sample taken from a patient before grafting.
- the reference concentration for each marker is the concentration of said marker before grafting.
- the calculation carried out in step b) corresponds to calculating the difference for each marker of the value measured in the liquid sample of step a) with the reference value as defined above.
- the calculation carried out in step b) of the process of the invention can be carried out by any means known to those skilled in the art. For example by means of a calculator, by mental calculation, by an automated means etc.
- the absolute value of the result of the calculation carried out in step b) is retained for step c) of the method of the invention.
- the comparison made in step c) of the method of the invention makes it possible to determine whether the absolute value of the difference calculated in step b) for each marker is greater or less than a discriminant threshold variation for each marker.
- a discriminatory threshold variation is understood to mean a value established for each marker corresponding to the minimum variation in the concentration of each marker in the presence of graft rejection. This discriminating threshold variation can also be called “discriminant value”.
- the discriminating threshold variation may be determined by any means known to those skilled in the art.
- the determination of the discriminant threshold variations of each marker has been carried out by the establishment of efficiency characteristic curves.
- ROC Receiveiver operating characteristic
- the absolute value of the difference between the reference concentration and the concentration in a liquid sample can be calculated: reference value - value in sample.
- sensitivity means the probability that the absolute value of the difference is greater than the discriminatory threshold variation if the animal belongs to the rejection group
- discriminatory threshold variation means the probability that the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to the discriminatory threshold variation if the animal belongs to the no-rejection group
- positive predictive value means the probability that the animal belongs to the rejection group if the absolute value of the difference is greater than the discriminatory threshold variation
- negative predictive value means the probability that the animal belongs to the no-rejection group if the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to the discriminant threshold variation.
- Plasma levels of the four amino acids can be significantly correlated via sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value calculations at the onset of rejection.
- the sensitivity of each marker can be determined by the probability that the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold if the animal belongs to the rejection group.
- the specificity of each marker can be determined by the probability that the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to the discriminatory threshold variation if the animal belongs to the no-rejection group.
- the positive predictive value of each marker can be determined by the probability that the animal belongs to the rejection group if the absolute value of the difference is greater than the discriminant threshold variation.
- the negative predictive value of each marker can be determined by the probability that the animal belongs to the no-rejection group if the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to the discriminant threshold variation.
- the logistic model can be written according to the following formula: lûgit ( ⁇ r) ⁇ log where ⁇ is the intercept and ⁇ 'is the vector of the parameters.
- N the total number of observations
- t the total number of pairs of responses
- n c the number of matching pairs
- na the number of discordant pairs
- t - n c - nd the number of ex-aequo pairs.
- AUC area under the curve
- the discriminatory threshold variation of aspartate may be in the range from 18 to 24 ⁇ mol / L, preferably the discriminatory threshold variation of aspartate is 21 ⁇ mol / L.
- the discriminatory threshold variation of taurine may be in the range from 17 to 23 ⁇ mol / L, preferably the discriminatory threshold variation of taurine is 20 ⁇ mol / L.
- the discriminatory threshold variation of citrulline is in the range from 22 to 30 ⁇ mol / L, preferably the discriminatory threshold variation of citrulline is 26 ⁇ mol / L.
- the discriminating threshold variation of phenylalanine is in the range from 34 to 46 ⁇ mol / L, preferably the discriminatory threshold change of phenylalanine is 40 ⁇ mol / L.
- the assignment of a score for each marker made in step d) of the method of the invention corresponds to the allocation for each marker of the value 0 or 1.
- the allocation is a function of the comparison made in step c) of the process of the invention for each marker. If the comparison reveals that the absolute value of the result of the calculation performed in step b) is greater than or equal to the discriminant threshold variation, a score of 1 is affected. If the absolute value of the result of the calculation performed in step b) is less than the discriminant threshold variation, a score of 0 is assigned. Finally after assigning a score for each marker a summation of said scores is made.
- step d) when a result of the summation carried out in step d) leads to a score greater than or equal to 2, this corresponds to a rejection of the graft.
- the present invention also comprises a method as defined above in which the measurement of step a) is carried out after grafting, and in which the reference concentration of the step b) corresponds to a measurement of the concentration of said marker before grafting.
- this method is non-invasive and allows an early diagnosis of graft rejection without blind, ie random, iterative biopsies, performed without any real signs of rejection appeals, as is practiced in the first case. state of the art. Early detection of rejection increases the survival rate of patients from 11 to 80% by better medical management.
- the noninvasive nature of the method of the invention also allows a better patient acceptance of the method of the invention compared to iterative intestinal biopsies.
- the non-invasive nature also eliminates the risks associated with iterative intestinal biopsies with or without intestinal endoscopies, such as haemorrhages, digestive perforations, etc.
- the method of the invention also makes it possible to have a diagnosis of transplant rejection that is 100% reliable, contrary to the state of the art. Indeed in the state of the art, the detection is by blind biopsy, the sample may therefore correspond to a part of organ not yet showing the histological signs of rejection and thus lead to misdiagnosis. ⁇ Q
- the method of the invention thus allows a rapid, reliable, non-invasive detection of intestinal transplant rejection and indirectly an increase in the survival rate of transplant recipients. It allows early treatment of transplant rejection before it becomes irreversible and leads to loss of the graft, even death of the patient.
- Example 1 Measurement of the concentration in a liquid sample of the markers.
- FOOD COMBINED consisting of the following ingredients: wheat, barley, soybean meal, small seeds and cereal husks, oilseeds, beet pulp, corn, dicalcium phosphate, peas, premix additives, vegetable oil, calcium carbonate, maxid, threonine , lysine, salt, methionine.
- the contents of the various elements being: crude protein 17.9%, fat crude 1, 3%, crude fiber 4.4%, crude ash 5.5%, lysine 11, 0 g / Kg, vitamin A 9000 IU / Kg, vitamin D3 2000 IU / Kg, vitamin E 20 IU / Kg , copper (as sulphate) 100 mg / kg and avilamycin 30 mg / kg.
- the parameters studied in the incision (TO) and at sacrifice the 8th post-operative day (T1) were plasma levels of amino acids and the histology of the transplanted intestine.
- Blood samples were collected from all individuals before transplantation. Samples were taken using a syringe connected to a catheter placed in the right external jugular vein. The volume of each sample was 4 ml. Separation of the plasma fraction and red blood cells was performed by centrifugation. These samples corresponded to the reference samples. After transplantation, blood samples were taken at the 8 th postoperative day. Samples were taken using a syringe connected to the central venous catheter placed in the external jugular vein during grafting. The volume of each sample was 4 ml. Separation of the plasma fraction and red blood cells was performed as previously described. These samples corresponded to the test samples. They were frozen at -80 ° C. while awaiting the determination of the amino acids.
- the reagents used for the assay were: HPLC grade methanol and acetonitrile from CARLO-ERBA (Val de Breuil - France), L-citruline and tridecafluoro- hexanoic acid (TDFHA) from SIGMA-ALDRICH (L 1 ISLE D 1 ABEAU CHESNES -St QUENTIN
- the samples were deproteinated by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography in ethanolic medium to determine the free amino acids. Thanks to an automated sampling and injection system (AGILENT - PARIS-France) the chromatography of amino acids applies the principle of ion pair chromatography.
- the column had a stationary phase of type QS UPTISPHERE 120 A, 3 ⁇ m BP2, 50 ⁇ 2 mm (UP3 BP2 # 5QS Interchrom, Interchim, Montlucon, France).
- the gradients that were applied (water - TDFHA and acetonitrile) were identical to those disclosed in the article by Monique Piraud et al. [7]
- tandem mass spectrometric analyzes were performed using an API 3000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Sciex Applied Biosystems, Toronto, Canada), the software of acquisition of results corresponding to version 1.4.1.
- the specific transitions (non-isotopic amino acids) and those of the reference standards were used in positive mode and their optimal parameters of obtaining were applied to each molecule.
- Simultaneous analysis of these transitions has led to the establishment of a method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of amino acids.
- the limits of quantification values for each molecule were consistent with their plasma, urine and fluid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by pre-calibrating the data with a calibration line for each series of analyzes. These have been the subject of internal and external quality control (national and international) to verify the conformity of the results obtained and the proper functioning of the equipment.
- the coefficients of variation (CV) of the results obtained were less than or equal to 5% in repetitiveness and reproducibility.
- This method was chosen because it allows to dose 76 amino acids simultaneously with greater precision, faster (16 minutes of chromatography and detection by mass spectrometry) and more economically than the ion exchange column separation method. Indeed, the ion exchange column separation is followed by a postcolumn derivation with ninhydrin, this technique requiring a time of 120 minutes of sampling chromatography.
- Example 2 Determination of the reference concentration for each marker.
- a first method for determining the reference concentration for each individual and for each marker was made as shown in Example 1. It corresponds to the pre-transplant sample (TO) of a liquid sample for each individual and then measures for each marker of the concentration value in each sample before transplant.
- TO pre-transplant sample
- a second method was used during our experiments to determine the reference concentration for each marker. This corresponds to the sampling of a liquid sample as described in Example 1 in several healthy individuals. After taking samples, a measurement of the concentration as described in Example 1 of each marker in each sample was carried out. The different concentration measurements of each marker were then normalized.
- the reference values according to the first method used for the individuals tested in Example 1 are presented in Table 1 below.
- Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value are as previously defined.
- Plasma levels of four acids were significantly correlated via sensitivity calculations, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value at the onset of rejection.
- the sensitivity of each marker was determined by the probability that the value of the variation between T1 and TO is greater than the threshold if the animal belongs to the rejection group.
- the specificity of each marker was determined by the probability that the value of the variation between T1 and TO is less than or equal to the threshold if the animal belongs to the no-rejection group.
- the positive predictive value of each marker was determined by the probability that the animal belongs to the rejection group if the value of the variation between T1 and TO is greater than the threshold.
- the negative predictive value of each marker was determined by the probability that the animal belongs to the no-rejection group if the value of the variation between T1 and TO is less than or equal to the threshold.
- the score was established from the variation of several amino acids by counting 1 point if the value is greater than the threshold and 0 points if the value is less than or equal to the threshold.
- a logistic regression model was constructed using SAS software from SAS Institute Inc and described in SAS / STAT Software:
- AUC area under the curve
- Table 2 discriminant threshold variation, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of each marker.
- Example 4 Calculation of the difference for each marker, assignment of a score for each marker and summation of the scores.
- Example 3 Intestinal histology was performed on an intestine sample with an Olympus BX41 microscope at day 8 for each individual of Example 1.
- the commonly accepted classification of intestinal rejection is as follows: for the "indeterminate" grade, the lesions are usually minimal and there is an increase of the cells in apoptosis but with less than 6 apoptoses for 10 glands and little or no inflammation .
- apoptotic cells exceed 6 per 10 glands and a discrete to moderate predominantly mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate is observed.
- moderate rejection grade 2
- an increase in apoptotic cells is observed. Apoptotic cells become confluent and can result in glandular destruction and moderate to severe mononuclear infiltration.
- severe rejection grade 3
- greater glandular destruction with areas of disappearance of the glands, even erosions or ulcerations and a marked inflammatory infiltrate are observed.
- Table 4 Distribution of individuals according to the score obtained.
- Table 5 Percent distribution of individuals by score and group
- - group 1 8 pigs received an autograft of intestine
- - group 2 8 pigs received an allogeneic transplant but without any immunosuppressive treatment.
- the pigs were anesthetized for transplantation according to the following protocol: intramuscular premedication was performed with 20-25 mg / kg of ketamine (Imalgene 1000, registered trademark, 10 ml, Merial, Lyon, France), and 0.004-0, 01 mg / kg of glycopyrrolate (Robinul V, registered trademark, 5 mL, Vétoquinol, Lure, France); induction with isofluorane gas (AEran, registered trademark, Baxter SA, Maurepas, France) administered with a mask.
- ketamine Immalgene 1000, registered trademark, 10 ml, Merial, Lyon, France
- 0.004-0 01 mg / kg of glycopyrrolate
- Robot V registered trademark, 5 mL, Vétoquinol, Lure, France
- isofluorane gas AEran, registered trademark, Baxter SA, Maurepas, France
- the pigs were perfused intravenously with 50 ml / kg of 0.9% NaCl (B. Braun) and 65 ml / kg of glucose 5% (isotonic glucose Aguettant, registered trademark, Aguettant, Lyon, France).
- a venous catheter was introduced into the external jugular vein to measure central venous pressure and perfuse.
- Blood pressure was measured (SC 7000, Siemens, France) via a cervical catheter inserted into the carotid artery.
- Heart rate and oxygen saturation were measured continuously using a pulse oximeter with a detector attached to a gingiva. (Model 9847 V, Nonin Medical Inc., Plumouth, UK).
- the in situ intestinal ischemia technique used in this example is derived from that described by Lauronen et al. Effects of extrinsic with or without ischemia-reperfusion injury on constitutional mucosal characteristics in porcine jejunoileum. "Dig Dis Sci 2001; 46 (3): 476-85 [9] and Pakarinen MP, Pirinen P, Lauronen J, Raivio P, Kuusanmaki P, Halttunen J.
- the ileum was divided transversally proximally 10 cm from the ileocecal valve, at the apex of the The upper mesenteric artery was divided into the upper mesenteric artery, the superior mesenteric artery was removed from the duodenal branch to the second jejunal branch, and the jejunum corresponding to the first jejunal artery was sectioned.
- the skeletonized mesenteric vessels and their colic branches remained the only connections maintaining the blood perfusion of the jejunoileon.
- the skeletonized mesenteric vessels were clamped to produce jejunal ischemia. Superior was clamped at the proximal origin of the duodenal artery. The duodenal artery and the colonic artery were clamped separately at their origins to prevent the passage of the preservation solution into the systemic circulation while preventing arterial reflux in the jejunal circulation. The superior mesenteric vein was clamped distally from the colonic vein, allowing blood flow through the colonic vein. Subsequently, the superior mesenteric artery was catheterized downstream of the clamp via the first jejunal artery.
- the jejunum thus isolated was washed with 1000 ml of cold solution (4 ° C.) of IGL-1 (Georges Lopez Institute, Lyon, France). A small incision of the superior mesenteric vein was made upstream of the clamp for allow the outlet of the effluent. After cold ischemia, the small incision in the superior mesenteric vein was closed with a 6-0 prolene suture. The first jejunal artery was linked to its origin and the vascular clamp was removed, allowing reperfusion of the jejunoileon. The jejunal length was then measured along the antimesenteric edges from the proximal end to the distal end. Seventy per cent of the proximal jejunoileon was resected.
- the superior mesenteric artery and vein were dissected at the colonic branches.
- the colonic branches have been linked and severed.
- the proximal small intestine was sectioned about 30 cm downstream of the Treitz ligament.
- the ileum was cut 10 cm upstream of the ileocaecal valve, at the top of the curve formed by the end of the superior mesenteric artery.
- the corresponding mesentery has been sectioned.
- heparin Choay registered trademark, 100 IU / kg
- 800 mL / kg of donor blood was removed for use in transfusion into the recipient.
- jejunoileon was washed with 1000 mL of cold IGL-1 solution (4 ° C) by the infrarenal aorta.
- the graft then comprised the jejunum and the ileum in its entirety, the superior mesenteric artery in continuity with an abdominal aortic segment, the superior mesenteric vein in continuity with the portal vein.
- the graft was temporarily stored in a cold solution (4 ° C) of IGL-1. The contents of the hail were not washed.
- the graft was reduced from the proximal end of the jejunoileal segment, leaving approximately 4.5 m to account for 30 cm of proximal jejunum and 10 cm of native ileum left in the recipient.
- the proximal small bowel was cut about 30 cm downstream of the Treitz ligament and the ileum was cut 10 cm upstream of the ileocecal valve.
- the isolated iléojejunum was resected.
- the entire colon and rectum of the recipient were kept.
- the allograft was then implanted.
- the abdominal aorta of the graft was anastomosed to the infrarenal abdominal aorta of the recipient with a 6-0 prolene suture.
- the superior mesenteric vein was anastomosed to the inferior vena cava sub-renal. Digestive continuity was reestablished with anastomoses of the jejunum and the ileum.
- Mesenteric gaps were closed In both groups, the mesentery has a whitish appearance before closure of the abdomen.
- the animals were fed from the first postoperative day with food as shown in Example 1.
- the animals were euthanized at 8 th postoperative day with an intravenous dose of sodium pentobarbital (Dolethal, trademark, Vétoquinol SA , Lure, France) after laparotomy under general anesthesia with isoflurane.
- sodium pentobarbital Dolethal, trademark, Vétoquinol SA , Lure, France
- Plasma concentration of citrulline was measured at TO and T1 as in Example 1.
- the average weight measured at the time of transplantation was 25.8 ⁇ 7.6 kg in group 1, and 20.6 ⁇ 2.7 kg in group 2.
- the length of the small remaining intestine was 5 ⁇ 0.2m in both groups.
- Table 6 Mean plasma citrulline concentration in each of the two groups.
- This concentration therefore has a discriminating power on the occurrence of rejection of intestinal graft.
- Citrulline was characterized by a discriminating power of the occurrence of rejection lower than that of other markers (taurine, phenylalanine, aspartate), a number of patients based on citrulline with a risk of ⁇ of 20% makes it possible to highlight significant associations for other markers with sufficient statistical power (at least greater than 80%).
- the number of subjects to be included is calculated with an ⁇ risk of 5% bilaterally and a risk ⁇ of 20% and is based on 3 studies.
- the author's previous study shows a drop of more than 40% in citrulline in allografted pigs compared to autografted pigs where a strength of 16 was sufficient.
- citrulline may be greater than in the study by Gondolesi et al. because the comparison does not concern the presence or not of intestinal mucosal lesions but on the occurrence or not of a rejection, so the number of patients to be included can be less than 60.
- the method of the invention is applied to a liquid sample from a human selected from the group of fifty individuals as defined above.
- the collection of the liquid sample is carried out by taking blood.
- the reference concentration of each marker is that corresponding to the measurement made immediately before the intestinal graft or after the graft, but in the absence of histologically confirmed rejection.
- the correlation of scores with graft rejection is performed as described in Example 5. Detection of rejection of the graft is observed when the sum of the scores of the markers is greater than 2.
- the implementation of the method of the invention thus makes it possible to demonstrate 100% of the intestinal graft rejections as presented in Example 2 and is therefore suitable for use in the diagnosis of graft rejection.
- underivatized amino acids of biological interest a new tool for the diagnosis of inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism. Rapid
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- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0708317A FR2924224A1 (fr) | 2007-11-28 | 2007-11-28 | Marqueurs sanguins du rejet de l'intestin transplante |
| PCT/FR2008/001647 WO2009098396A1 (fr) | 2007-11-28 | 2008-11-27 | Marqueurs sanguins du rejet de l'intestin transplante |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2212702A1 true EP2212702A1 (fr) | 2010-08-04 |
Family
ID=39052630
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08872149A Withdrawn EP2212702A1 (fr) | 2007-11-28 | 2008-11-27 | Marqueurs sanguins du rejet de l'intestin transplante |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20110201128A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2212702A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2924224A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009098396A1 (fr) |
-
2007
- 2007-11-28 FR FR0708317A patent/FR2924224A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-11-27 US US12/744,795 patent/US20110201128A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-11-27 EP EP08872149A patent/EP2212702A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-11-27 WO PCT/FR2008/001647 patent/WO2009098396A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009098396A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20110201128A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
| FR2924224A1 (fr) | 2009-05-29 |
| WO2009098396A1 (fr) | 2009-08-13 |
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