EP2211421A1 - Directional coupling device - Google Patents

Directional coupling device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2211421A1
EP2211421A1 EP09290041A EP09290041A EP2211421A1 EP 2211421 A1 EP2211421 A1 EP 2211421A1 EP 09290041 A EP09290041 A EP 09290041A EP 09290041 A EP09290041 A EP 09290041A EP 2211421 A1 EP2211421 A1 EP 2211421A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupling
transmission line
main
directional
coupling device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP09290041A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dieter Pelz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel Lucent SAS filed Critical Alcatel Lucent SAS
Priority to EP09290041A priority Critical patent/EP2211421A1/en
Publication of EP2211421A1 publication Critical patent/EP2211421A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a directional coupling device for coupling transmission power in a transmission line with a coupled line.
  • Directional couplers are passive devices used in particular in the field of radio technology or microwave technology. They couple part of the transmission power in a transmission line by a prescribed amount out through another port by using two transmission lines set close enough together such that energy passing through one is coupled to the other.
  • a transmission line is any structure that forms a path for directing the transmission of energy, such as electromagnetic waves.
  • a commonly used transmission line is a stripline transmission line.
  • a stripline transmission line uses a flat strip conductor which is located between two parallel conducting ground_planes. If the conductive strip is supported by a substrate, the stripline is called a suspended substrate stripline, without the substrate, the stripline is called an air stripline.
  • Directional coupling devices are commonly used as measurement devices on large high power radio frequency transmission lines. These directional coupling devices usually have a relatively weak coupling to the main transmission line; the coupling loss is usually about 30 dB. Furthermore, the directional coupling devices must have a high directivity. Directivity is the capacity of the directional coupling device to separate between the forward wave and the backward wave on the main transmission line.
  • a common approach for implementing a directional coupling device is the provision of a short air coupling stripline next to the main transmission line.
  • the coupling stripline must be placed in an exact position in relation to the main transmission line. Any deviation from the predetermined position negatively affects the provisioned coupling loss and reduces the directivity of the directional coupling device. Therefore, very low manufacturing tolerances must be achieved, which in turn means high production costs. Additionally, the positioning of the coupling conductive strip must be manually adjusted for each directional coupling device, which also means more labor and higher production costs.
  • suspended substrate stripline realizations of directional coupling devices have been proposed.
  • the appended figure 1 shows a conventional arrangement of a suspended substrate coupling stripline located above a main air stripline transmission line.
  • Figure 1 shows a main transmission line 10 and a coupling transmission line 20.
  • the main transmission line 10 is an air stripline comprising a main conducting strip 30, a bottom conducting plane 50 and an intermediate conducting plane 60.
  • the intermediate conducting plane 60 acts as top conducting plane for the main transmission line 10.
  • the main conducting strip is arranged in a main cavity 80 of the main transmission line.
  • the coupling transmission line 20 is arranged above the main transmission line 10.
  • the intermediate conducting plane 60, a coupling conductive strip 40 and a top conducting plane 70 each form part of the coupling transmission line 20.
  • the intermediate conducting plane 60 constitutes the bottom conducting plane for the coupling transmission line 20.
  • Reference sign 90 points to the coupling cavity, which houses the conductive strip.
  • the coupling transmission line 20 is a suspended substrate stripline.
  • a coupling strip support is provided within the coupling cavity 90.
  • the coupling conductive strip is
  • the coupling strip 40 is printed onto the coupling strip support using printed circuit board technology.
  • Printed circuit boards are rugged, inexpensive, and can be highly reliable. Conducting layers are typically made of thin copper foil. Insulating layers are typically laminated together with epoxy resin (RF low-loss PCB material is usually Teflon).
  • Printed circuit boards are made by bonding a layer of copper over the entire substrate, sometimes on both sides, then removing unwanted copper after applying a temporary mask (e.g. by etching), leaving only the desired copper traces.
  • a few PCBs are made by adding traces to the bare substrate (or a substrate with a very thin layer of copper) usually by a complex process of multiple electroplating steps.
  • Printed circuit board realization of the coupled stripline overcomes the problems related to the exact positioning of the conductive strip in the coupled transmission line.
  • the phase velocity in the coupled transmission line is different from the main transmission line.
  • the difference in phase velocity is known to cause severe limitations in the directivity of the directional coupling device. Therefore, the advantages of a PCB stripline support are conventionally regarded as unavailable for directional coupling devices due to the problems related to phase velocity differences.
  • the directivity In the case of measurement directional couplers for high power broadcast transmitters; the directivity must be very high.
  • a directional coupling device for coupling transmission power in a transmission line with a coupled transmission line.
  • the directional coupling device comprises a coupling transmission line, which is a stripline transmission line.
  • the stripline transmission line comprises a coupling conductive strip supported by a suspended substrate. Therefore, a suspended substrate stripline is utilized, which allows for exact positioning of the conductive strip relative to the main transmission line.
  • the suspended substrate conductor layer of the stripline is arranged between the coupling line cavity and the main electromagnetic waveguide so that it faces the top conducting plane of the coupling line cavity. Consequently, the substrate no longer faces the main transmission line.
  • the coupled line phase velocity is near or equal to that on the main line and problems of poor directivity are overcome.
  • the suspended substrate is a printed circuit board and the coupling conductive strip is printed onto the circuit board.
  • Printed circuit boards are rugged, inexpensive, and can be highly reliable. Therefore, the production costs for the directional coupling device may be reduced without negatively affecting the directivity of the coupling device.
  • the claimed invention enables to exploit the advantages of a printed circuit board support while avoiding the disadvantages of different phase velocities usually encountered with PCB type directional couplers.
  • the directional coupling device of the present invention is preferably implemented in three small directional couplers, which are arranged at the output striplines of 2-way to 8-way transmitter power amplifier combiners.
  • the three small directional couplers are located at the output of the combiner.
  • the coupled signals may be used for monitoring the standing wave ratio.
  • a standing wave ratio (SWR) is a measure of the magnitude of the forward and reflected wave on a transmission line.
  • the SWR is usually defined as a voltage ratio called the VSWR, for voltage standing wave ratio.
  • the directional couplers may be used for measuring forward and reflected electromagnetic wave magnitudes in the main stripline and for monitoring the output signal.
  • the VSWR can be derived mathematically from the measured forward and reflected wave magnitudes.
  • Figure 1 shows a conventional arrangement for a Directional Coupling device.
  • Figure 2 shows an arrangement of a directional coupling device according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a view of the realized directional coupling device of Figure 2 .
  • FIG. 2 depicts the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • a main transmission line 10 and a coupling transmission line 20 are displayed.
  • the main transmission line 10 is an air stripline comprising a main conducting strip 30, a bottom conducting plane 50 and an intermediate conducting plane 60.
  • the intermediate conducting plane 60 acts as top conducting plane for the main transmission line 10.
  • the main conducting strip is arranged in a main cavity 80 of the main transmission line.
  • the coupling transmission line 20 is arranged above the main transmission line 10.
  • the intermediate conducting plane 60, a coupling conductive strip 40 and a top conducting plane 70 each form part of the coupling transmission line 20.
  • Reference sign 90 points to the coupling cavity, which houses the conductive strip.
  • the coupling transmission line 20 is a suspended substrate stripline.
  • a coupling strip support is provided within the coupling cavity 90.
  • the suspended substrate is facing the intermediate conductive plane 60.
  • the suspended substrate (100) of the coupling transmission line is a printed circuit board, wherein the coupling conductive strip (40) is printed onto the suspended substrate (100) using PCB technology. Since the coupling conductive strip (40) is chosen opposite to the conventional orientation displayed in Figure 1 , the coupled lines phase velocity is near or equal to that on the main line (10) and problems of poor directivity are overcome. Therefore, the preferred embodiment enables to exploit the advantages of printed circuit board support while avoiding the disadvantages of different phase velocities between the main transmission line (10) and the coupling transmission line (20). These differences usually severely reduce the directivity of the PCB type directional couplers.
  • FIG 3 a view of the directional coupling device of the preferred embodiment is shown.
  • the same reference signs characterize corresponding features in Figures 2 and 3 .
  • the main conducting strip 30 in Figure 3 is held in its place by an insulated fastener 110.
  • the fastener 110 keeps the main conducting strip 30 elevated above the bottom conducting plane 50 within the main cavity 80 ( Fig. 2 ) of the main transmission line 10.
  • the intermediate conducting plane 60 is arranged between the main conducting strip 30 and the coupling conductive strip 40.
  • a further mounting screw represents a fastener 130 for the PCB supporting the coupling conductive strip 40 within the coupling cavity 90.
  • a top conducting plane 70 ( Fig. 2 ) is placed above the coupling conductive strip 40.
  • figure 3 shows connectors 120 for the coupling transmission line. These connectors 120 represent interfaces for coaxial transmission lines used for transferring electromagnetic waves.
  • a second additional coupling device 140 is displayed next to reference sign 140.

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Abstract

The directional coupling device for coupling transmission power in a main transmission line 10 with a coupled line 20. The directional coupling device comprises a coupling transmission line 20. The coupling transmission line 20 is a stripline transmission line comprising a coupling conductive strip 40 supported by a suspended substrate 100. The suspended substrate 100 is arranged between the coupling strip 40 and the main transmission line 10.

Description

  • The present invention relates to a directional coupling device for coupling transmission power in a transmission line with a coupled line. Directional couplers are passive devices used in particular in the field of radio technology or microwave technology. They couple part of the transmission power in a transmission line by a prescribed amount out through another port by using two transmission lines set close enough together such that energy passing through one is coupled to the other.
  • A transmission line is any structure that forms a path for directing the transmission of energy, such as electromagnetic waves. A commonly used transmission line is a stripline transmission line. A stripline transmission line uses a flat strip conductor which is located between two parallel conducting ground_planes. If the conductive strip is supported by a substrate, the stripline is called a suspended substrate stripline, without the substrate, the stripline is called an air stripline.
  • Directional coupling devices are commonly used as measurement devices on large high power radio frequency transmission lines. These directional coupling devices usually have a relatively weak coupling to the main transmission line; the coupling loss is usually about 30 dB. Furthermore, the directional coupling devices must have a high directivity. Directivity is the capacity of the directional coupling device to separate between the forward wave and the backward wave on the main transmission line.
  • A common approach for implementing a directional coupling device is the provision of a short air coupling stripline next to the main transmission line. However, this approach has several drawbacks. The coupling stripline must be placed in an exact position in relation to the main transmission line. Any deviation from the predetermined position negatively affects the provisioned coupling loss and reduces the directivity of the directional coupling device. Therefore, very low manufacturing tolerances must be achieved, which in turn means high production costs. Additionally, the positioning of the coupling conductive strip must be manually adjusted for each directional coupling device, which also means more labor and higher production costs.
    Alternatively, suspended substrate stripline realizations of directional coupling devices have been proposed. The appended figure 1 shows a conventional arrangement of a suspended substrate coupling stripline located above a main air stripline transmission line. Figure 1 shows a main transmission line 10 and a coupling transmission line 20. The main transmission line 10 is an air stripline comprising a main conducting strip 30, a bottom conducting plane 50 and an intermediate conducting plane 60. The intermediate conducting plane 60 acts as top conducting plane for the main transmission line 10. The main conducting strip is arranged in a main cavity 80 of the main transmission line. The coupling transmission line 20 is arranged above the main transmission line 10. The intermediate conducting plane 60, a coupling conductive strip 40 and a top conducting plane 70 each form part of the coupling transmission line 20. The intermediate conducting plane 60 constitutes the bottom conducting plane for the coupling transmission line 20. Reference sign 90 points to the coupling cavity, which houses the conductive strip. The coupling transmission line 20 is a suspended substrate stripline. A coupling strip support is provided within the coupling cavity 90. The coupling conductive strip is facing the intermediate conductive plane 60.
  • Conventionally, the coupling strip 40 is printed onto the coupling strip support using printed circuit board technology. Printed circuit boards are rugged, inexpensive, and can be highly reliable. Conducting layers are typically made of thin copper foil. Insulating layers are typically laminated together with epoxy resin (RF low-loss PCB material is usually Teflon). Printed circuit boards are made by bonding a layer of copper over the entire substrate, sometimes on both sides, then removing unwanted copper after applying a temporary mask (e.g. by etching), leaving only the desired copper traces. A few PCBs are made by adding traces to the bare substrate (or a substrate with a very thin layer of copper) usually by a complex process of multiple electroplating steps. Printed circuit board realization of the coupled stripline overcomes the problems related to the exact positioning of the conductive strip in the coupled transmission line. However, due to the relatively high dielectric constant of the printed circuit board material, the phase velocity in the coupled transmission line is different from the main transmission line. The difference in phase velocity is known to cause severe limitations in the directivity of the directional coupling device. Therefore, the advantages of a PCB stripline support are conventionally regarded as unavailable for directional coupling devices due to the problems related to phase velocity differences. In the case of measurement directional couplers for high power broadcast transmitters; the directivity must be very high.
  • Therefore, it is object of the present invention, to provide a directional coupling device, which provides precise high directivity coupling at a low cost.
  • The problem of the present invention is solved by the directional coupling device according to the appended claim 1. Accordingly, a directional coupling device is provided for coupling transmission power in a transmission line with a coupled transmission line. The directional coupling device comprises a coupling transmission line, which is a stripline transmission line. The stripline transmission line comprises a coupling conductive strip supported by a suspended substrate. Therefore, a suspended substrate stripline is utilized, which allows for exact positioning of the conductive strip relative to the main transmission line. Furthermore, the suspended substrate conductor layer of the stripline is arranged between the coupling line cavity and the main electromagnetic waveguide so that it faces the top conducting plane of the coupling line cavity. Consequently, the substrate no longer faces the main transmission line. In this configuration, the coupled line phase velocity is near or equal to that on the main line and problems of poor directivity are overcome.
  • Preferably, the suspended substrate is a printed circuit board and the coupling conductive strip is printed onto the circuit board. Printed circuit boards are rugged, inexpensive, and can be highly reliable. Therefore, the production costs for the directional coupling device may be reduced without negatively affecting the directivity of the coupling device. The claimed invention enables to exploit the advantages of a printed circuit board support while avoiding the disadvantages of different phase velocities usually encountered with PCB type directional couplers.
  • The directional coupling device of the present invention is preferably implemented in three small directional couplers, which are arranged at the output striplines of 2-way to 8-way transmitter power amplifier combiners. The three small directional couplers are located at the output of the combiner. The coupled signals may be used for monitoring the standing wave ratio. A standing wave ratio (SWR) is a measure of the magnitude of the forward and reflected wave on a transmission line. The SWR is usually defined as a voltage ratio called the VSWR, for voltage standing wave ratio. The directional couplers may be used for measuring forward and reflected electromagnetic wave magnitudes in the main stripline and for monitoring the output signal. The VSWR can be derived mathematically from the measured forward and reflected wave magnitudes.
  • A preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanied drawings. Please note that the preferred embodiment merely represents a particular non-limiting implementation of the present invention. The gist and scope of the present invention is defined in the appended claims.
  • Figure 1 shows a conventional arrangement for a Directional Coupling device.
  • Figure 2 shows an arrangement of a directional coupling device according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a view of the realized directional coupling device of Figure 2.
  • Figure 2 depicts the preferred embodiment of the present invention. In figure 2, a main transmission line 10 and a coupling transmission line 20 are displayed. The main transmission line 10 is an air stripline comprising a main conducting strip 30, a bottom conducting plane 50 and an intermediate conducting plane 60. The intermediate conducting plane 60 acts as top conducting plane for the main transmission line 10. The main conducting strip is arranged in a main cavity 80 of the main transmission line. The coupling transmission line 20 is arranged above the main transmission line 10. The intermediate conducting plane 60, a coupling conductive strip 40 and a top conducting plane 70 each form part of the coupling transmission line 20. Reference sign 90 points to the coupling cavity, which houses the conductive strip. The coupling transmission line 20 is a suspended substrate stripline. A coupling strip support is provided within the coupling cavity 90.
    In the directional coupling device of the preferred embodiment, the suspended substrate is facing the intermediate conductive plane 60. Preferably, the suspended substrate (100) of the coupling transmission line is a printed circuit board, wherein the coupling conductive strip (40) is printed onto the suspended substrate (100) using PCB technology. Since the coupling conductive strip (40) is chosen opposite to the conventional orientation displayed in Figure 1, the coupled lines phase velocity is near or equal to that on the main line (10) and problems of poor directivity are overcome. Therefore, the preferred embodiment enables to exploit the advantages of printed circuit board support while avoiding the disadvantages of different phase velocities between the main transmission line (10) and the coupling transmission line (20). These differences usually severely reduce the directivity of the PCB type directional couplers.
  • In Figure 3 a view of the directional coupling device of the preferred embodiment is shown. The same reference signs characterize corresponding features in Figures 2 and 3. The main conducting strip 30 in Figure 3 is held in its place by an insulated fastener 110. The fastener 110 keeps the main conducting strip 30 elevated above the bottom conducting plane 50 within the main cavity 80 (Fig. 2) of the main transmission line 10. The intermediate conducting plane 60 is arranged between the main conducting strip 30 and the coupling conductive strip 40. A further mounting screw represents a fastener 130 for the PCB supporting the coupling conductive strip 40 within the coupling cavity 90. A top conducting plane 70 (Fig. 2) is placed above the coupling conductive strip 40. Finally, figure 3 shows connectors 120 for the coupling transmission line. These connectors 120 represent interfaces for coaxial transmission lines used for transferring electromagnetic waves. A second additional coupling device 140 is displayed next to reference sign 140.
    • List of reference numerals
    • 10
    main transmission line
    20
    coupling transmission line
    30
    main conducting strip
    40
    coupling conductive strip
    50
    bottom conducting plane
    60
    intermediate conducting plane
    70
    top conducting plane
    80
    main cavity
    90
    coupling cavity
    100
    coupling strip support
    110
    fastener for main conducting strip
    120
    Connector for coupling conductive strip
    130
    fastener for coupling conductive strip PCB
    140
    additional coupling device

Claims (4)

  1. Directional Coupling device for coupling transmission power in a main transmission line (10) with a coupled line (20), comprising
    a coupling transmission line (20), said coupling transmission line (20) being a stripline transmission line comprising a coupling conductive strip (40) supported by a suspended substrate (100),
    characterized in that
    the suspended substrate (100) is arranged between the coupling strip (40) and the main transmission line (10).
  2. Directional coupling device according to claim 1, wherein the suspended substrate (100) is a printed circuit board and the coupling conductive strip (40) is printed onto the circuit board.
  3. Directional coupling device according to claims 1 or 2, further comprising a main transmission line (10), said main transmission line being a stripline transmission line.
  4. Directional coupling device according to claim 3, wherein the main transmission line (10) comprises a bottom conductive plane (50), a main conductive strip (30) and a top conductive plane (60), wherein the conductive strip (30) is positioned between the bottom and top conductive plane (50 and 60) and the top conductive plane (60) is facing the suspended substrate (100).
EP09290041A 2009-01-21 2009-01-21 Directional coupling device Ceased EP2211421A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09290041A EP2211421A1 (en) 2009-01-21 2009-01-21 Directional coupling device

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09290041A EP2211421A1 (en) 2009-01-21 2009-01-21 Directional coupling device

Publications (1)

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EP2211421A1 true EP2211421A1 (en) 2010-07-28

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116111313A (en) * 2023-04-04 2023-05-12 安徽蓝讯通信科技有限公司 Broadband directional coupler and design method thereof

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3771075A (en) * 1971-05-25 1973-11-06 Harris Intertype Corp Microstrip to microstrip transition
US4521755A (en) * 1982-06-14 1985-06-04 At&T Bell Laboratories Symmetrical low-loss suspended substrate stripline
EP0671777A1 (en) * 1994-03-08 1995-09-13 Hughes Aircraft Company Interconnection between layers of striplines or microstrip through cavity backed slot
US5977915A (en) * 1997-06-27 1999-11-02 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Microstrip structure
US20020075104A1 (en) * 1998-12-28 2002-06-20 Dynamic Solutions International, Inc. A Seoul, Republic Of Korea Corporation Coaxial type signal line and manufacturing method thereof
US20050237137A1 (en) * 2003-11-25 2005-10-27 Banpil Photonics, Inc. High speed electrical interconnects and method of manufacturing
US7192882B2 (en) 2001-12-28 2007-03-20 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Component for electromagnetic waves and a method for manufacturing the same

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3771075A (en) * 1971-05-25 1973-11-06 Harris Intertype Corp Microstrip to microstrip transition
US4521755A (en) * 1982-06-14 1985-06-04 At&T Bell Laboratories Symmetrical low-loss suspended substrate stripline
EP0671777A1 (en) * 1994-03-08 1995-09-13 Hughes Aircraft Company Interconnection between layers of striplines or microstrip through cavity backed slot
US5977915A (en) * 1997-06-27 1999-11-02 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Microstrip structure
US20020075104A1 (en) * 1998-12-28 2002-06-20 Dynamic Solutions International, Inc. A Seoul, Republic Of Korea Corporation Coaxial type signal line and manufacturing method thereof
US7192882B2 (en) 2001-12-28 2007-03-20 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Component for electromagnetic waves and a method for manufacturing the same
US20050237137A1 (en) * 2003-11-25 2005-10-27 Banpil Photonics, Inc. High speed electrical interconnects and method of manufacturing

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MALORATSKY L G: "REVIEWING THE BASICS OF SUSPENDED STRIPLINES", MICROWAVE JOURNAL, HORIZON HOUSE PUBLICATIONS, NORWOOD, MA, US, vol. 45, no. 10, 1 October 2002 (2002-10-01), pages 82,84,86,88,91/92,94,96,98, XP001132173, ISSN: 0192-6225 *
SHIBAN K. KOUL, BHARATHI BHAT: "Inverted Microstrip and Suspended Microstrip with Anisotropic Substrates", PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, vol. 70, no. 10, 1 April 1982 (1982-04-01), pages 1230 - 1231, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=1456718> *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116111313A (en) * 2023-04-04 2023-05-12 安徽蓝讯通信科技有限公司 Broadband directional coupler and design method thereof

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