Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
  • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
  • H04N21/643—Communication protocols
  • H04N21/64315—DVB-H
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
  • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
  • H04H20/65—Arrangements characterised by transmission systems for broadcast
  • H04H20/67—Common-wave systems, i.e. using separate transmitters operating on substantially the same frequency
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
  • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
  • H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
  • H04N21/2381—Adapting the multiplex stream to a specific network, e.g. an Internet Protocol [IP] network
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
  • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
  • H04N21/242—Synchronization processes, e.g. processing of PCR [Program Clock References]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
  • H04N21/47—End-user applications
  • H04N21/478—Supplemental services, e.g. displaying phone caller identification, shopping application

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a multiplex digital service contribution system covering a territory consisting of several regions.
• the services broadcast include so-called national services to be transmitted to all regions and regional services specific to each region.
• a single flow is used to transmit national and regional services.
• This single stream can, for example, be transmitted via a satellite program.
• Each region is covered by one or more transmitters called deconcentrators that receive the single stream sent by a single source called hub.
• This single feed contains all services.
• the deconcentrators derive the national services and the regional services specific to their region to constitute and transmit the so-called regional flow intended to be received by the user terminals in the region concerned.
• the broadcasting can be done, for example, according to DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld) defined in the document "ETSI EN 302 304, DVB-H - Transmission System for Handheld Terminals".
• DVB-H Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld
• the broadcasting of services within the same region is done on the same frequency according to a system called SFN ⁇ Single Frequency Network in English).
• SFN Single Frequency Network in English
• Such a diffusion implies a good synchronization between the different modulators emitting the flow on the single frequency within the region.
• these modulators are powered by several deconcentrators, they must also be well synchronized.
• the bandwidth available on a satellite is limited and expensive.
• the present invention aims to solve the above problems by defining a contribution system where the national services are not duplicated in the single stream.
• This single stream is transmitted in a mode that does not implement burst transmission.
• the single stream is not protected by a FEC (Forward Error Correction) error correction code as present in the radio broadcasting standard, for example DVB-H.
• FEC Forward Error Correction
• the synchronization is ensured by the insertion by the hub synchronization packets with three synchronization marks.
• a first mark serves to synchronize the deconcentrators between themselves and with the concentrator.
• a second mark is used to generate a first synchronization signal for synchronous generation of the burst transmission mode period necessary for the generation of the regional signal.
• the third mark is used to generate a second synchronization signal for generating synchronization packets called "MIP" for the synchronization of different modulators.
• the proposed contribution system is particularly economical in the health band between the concentrator and the deconcentrators because the national services are not duplicated and the stream does not contain redundancy information. It allows a good synchronization between the deconcentrators and the generation by them of standard streams, for example DVB-H SFN, synchronized and allowing the synchronization of the different modulators. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, it offers the secondary advantage of allowing easy insertion of additional services by the deconcentrator. The processing done by the deconcentrators to generate the regional flows remains simple.
• the present invention relates to a method for generating a data stream, called a contribution stream, comprising a service multiplex and comprising a step of generating a transport stream consisting of transport packets constructed from sections of the multiplex, said transport stream not being formed into bursts; a step of constructing mega-frames within the transport stream, called mega-frames of contribution, by insertion of special transport packets called synchronization of the contribution multiplex comprising a pointer on the first packet of the mega-frame of contribution next contribution frame and a time stamp, called MCTS, relating to the time of emission of the beginning of the next mega-frame of contribution; a step of generating a periodic signal called IPE synchronization signal, the period corresponding to the transmission time of an integer number of transport packets; a step of generating a periodic signal called megatram synchronization signal; an insertion step in the contribution multiplex synchronization packets of a second time mark called ITS relating to the IPE synchronization signal and an insertion step in the
• the transport stream consists of a multiplex whose sections are not protected by an error correction code by adding redundancy sections.
• each set corresponding to an IPE synchronization signal and to a given mega-frame synchronization signal, ITS and MTS time marks corresponding to each set are introduced into the megatrams of contribution of the generated stream.
• the time marks ITS and MTS corresponding to each set of synchronization parameters are introduced in the form of different contribution multiplex synchronization packets in each mega-frame of contribution of the generated stream.
• the time marks ITS and MTS corresponding to each set of synchronization parameters are introduced within the same synchronization packet of the contribution multiplex in each mega-frame of the contribution stream generated. .
• the present invention also relates to a method of generating a data stream comprising a service multiplex and signaling tables and comprising a step of receiving a generated contribution stream as described above; a synchronization step from the first time mark MCTS relative to the time of transmission of the beginning of the next mega-frame of contribution of the received stream, included in the synchronization packets of the contribution multiplex of the received stream; a step of generating a periodic signal called IPE synchronization signal from the time marks ITS included in the packets synchronization of the contribution multiplex of the received stream; a step of generating a periodic signal called the mega-frame synchronization signal from the MTS time stamps included in the synchronization packets of the contribution multiplex of the received stream; a step of generating a service multiplex from the received stream; a step of generating a transport stream from the generated multiplex, formed in bursts, synchronized to the generated IPE synchronization signal and a step of constructing mega-frames within the generated transport stream, called mega
• the step of generating the multiplex includes a step of inserting an additional service not derived from the received stream.
• the method is rendered deterministic by the fact that the step of generating the IPE periods generates periods of fixed size; the burst generation step generates bursts for each PID having a number of TS packets multiple of 16 for each IPE period; the burst generation step generates ordered bursts in a deterministic order for each IPE period within the transport stream; the step of generating the SI / PSI tables of the generated transport stream comprises a number of TS packets multiple of 16 for each PID and for each IPE period and in that the method comprises a step of resetting the generation of the tables of signaling at the beginning of each IPE period to ensure that the transport packets corresponding to the PSI / SI tables are identical and at the same positions for each IPE period.
• the present invention also relates to a first type of device for generating a data stream comprising a service multiplex comprising means for generating a transport stream consisting of transport packets constructed from the sections of the multiplex, said transport stream not being formed into bursts; means for constructing mega-frames within the transport stream, called mega-contribution frames, by inserting so-called special synchronization transport packets of the contribution multiplex comprising a pointer on the first packet of the mega-frame of contribution next and a time mark, called MCTS, relating to the time of emission of the beginning of the next mega-frame; means for generating a periodic signal called IPE synchronization signal, the period corresponding to the transmission time of an integer number of transport packets; means for generating a periodic signal called the mega-frame synchronization signal; insertion means in the contribution multiplex synchronization packets of a second time mark called ITS relating to the IPE synchronization signal and means for insertion in the synchronization packets of the contribution multiplex of a third time
• the present invention also relates to a second type of device for generating a data stream comprising a service multiplex and signaling tables which comprises means for receiving a generated stream as described above; synchronization means from the first time mark MCTS relating to the time of transmission of the beginning of the next contribution mega-frame included in the synchronization packets of the contribution multiplex of the received stream; means for generating a periodic signal called the IPE synchronization signal from the ITS time stamps included in the synchronization packets of the contribution multiplex of the received stream; means for generating a periodic signal called the mega-frame synchronization signal from the MTS time stamps included in the synchronization packets of the contribution multiplex of the received stream; means for generating a service multiplex from the received stream; means for generating a transport stream from the generated multiplex, formed into bursts based on the generated IPE synchronization signal and mega-frame construction means within the transport stream generated by the insertion of packet packets; mega-frame initialization based on the generated mega-frame synchron
• the present invention also relates to a digital service contribution system characterized in that it comprises at least one device for generating data streams of the first type and that this stream is sent to at least one stream generation device. of the second type.
• the present invention also relates to a data stream comprising a service multiplex, in the form of a transport stream consisting of transport packets constructed from the sections of the multiplex, said transport stream not being formed into bursts, said transport stream comprising mega-frames formed by inserting so-called special contribution transport packets of the contribution multiplex comprising a pointer to the first packet of the next mega-frame of contribution and a time mark, called MCTS, relative to the moment of the emission of the start of the mega-frame of next contribution frame; wherein said contribution multiplex synchronization packets comprise a second and a third time mark for defining two periodic signals.
• Fig. 1 represents the general architecture of the contribution system.
• Fig. 2 represents the functional architecture of the concentrator.
• Fig. 3 represents the flux generated by the deconcentrator.
• Fig. 4 represents the operation of the burst broadcast.
• Fig. 5 represents the structure of a "mega-frame" frame.
• Fig. 6 represents the functional architecture of the deconcentrator.
• This exemplary embodiment is placed in the context of a service broadcasting according to the DVB-H standard. But one skilled in the art will understand that it can be applied in any digital service broadcasting system having similar characteristics and that it is therefore not limited, stricto sensu, to the DVB-H system.
• FIG. 1 A source, referenced 1.1 and called concentrator, transmits a multiplexed data stream containing a digital service offer.
• This service offer is intended for a territory, for example a national territory, made up of several regions. These regions are schematized by the dotted areas in FIG. 1 and referenced 1.5.
• the offer services contained in the single stream for all 1.5 regions are called national services.
• the supply services contained in the single flow and destined for a single region, or certain regions, are called regional services.
• the single flow transmitted by the concentrator therefore contains all the services intended for each of the regions covered.
• This stream is transmitted via a high-speed data communication network to a set of reference deconcentrators. these 1.2 within regions 1.5.
• the broadband communication network is a satellite contribution link in the context of the exemplary embodiment of the invention.
• any other broadband communication network may be considered as a fiber optic network or the like.
• Each region 1.5 is covered by one or more of these deconcentrators 1.2.
• Each deconcentrator is responsible for constructing a stream called regional stream, containing the services intended for this region and only those, compliant with the broadcast standard DVB-H SFN.
• This regional flow therefore contains national services plus regional services related to the region concerned.
• the deconcentrator filters in the received single stream the services concerned and builds the adapted regional flow with these services.
• This flow once constructed, is transmitted to one or more modulators referenced 1.3 responsible for broadcasting them by radio to the terminals of users referenced 1.4.
• a broadcast digital service comprises a set of elementary streams. It usually includes one or more streams of video type and one or more streams of audio type. It may further include data flows or other, for example, transporting data ancillary to the service to manage interactivity.
• IP Internet Protocol
• RRC 791 Internet Engineering Task Force
• MPE Multi Protocol Encapsulation in English
• ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
• SI / PSI tables are also transmitted as packets in the stream. These tables contain information on the services transmitted and enable the terminal to identify the flows associated with a given service and to know the PIDs. The terminal can then filter the packets containing a service by the associated PIDs.
• the DVB-H standard is intended for broadcast for mobile terminals. Communication to mobile terminals is characterized by a noisy and variable radio channel. On the other hand, mobile terminals generally operate on battery and their autonomy is an important criterion.
• DVB-H has standardized a burst broadcast mode and strong protection against transmission errors in the form of a Forward Error Correction (FEC) code.
• FEC Forward Error Correction
• This error-correcting code protects the flow at the section level and is different from the error-correcting code added by the transport layer at the level of the TS packets, such as for example a concatenation of two BCH codes (Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem) and LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) in the case of the DVB-S2 standard.
• the first corrector code FEC will be called the corrector code "FEC sections" and the second the corrector code "FEC TS".
• the burst mode consists of grouping the sections containing the data of a burst service into the data stream. In this way, a terminal desiring to receive a service can then disconnect its radio receiver between two bursts for reasons of energy saving.
• Fig. 4 illustrates the burst broadcast.
• a service consists of MPE data sections collected by burst.
• a first salvo is referenced 4.1.
• Each section of the first salvo 4.1 contains in its header an information on the time separating the transmission of this section from the beginning of the transmission of the next burst referenced 4.2. This information is called the t-delta, referenced 4.3, between the section and the next burst.
• a data flow is said to be formed in bursts, when the data is grouped within the stream, for example services, into entities for burst transmission.
• Fig. 3 illustrates the regional flow as it is constructed by the deconcentrator.
• the regional flow contains three national services called Nl, N2 and N3 as well as two regional flows R1 and R2. These flows are formed into bursts, that is, services, both national and regional, are grouped into units that will be broadcast as bursts. These units are visible in FIG. 3.
• Each of these units corresponds to a set of transport packets having the same PID identifier, this identifier being different from one unit to another.
• the signaling tables SI / PSI are not formed in bursts and their diffusion is continuous, their sections being multiplexed with those of the services within bursts.
• the bursts of the different services are sent periodically according to a period called IPE period (Internet Protocol Encapsulator).
• IPE period Internet Protocol Encapsulator
• the period IPE must correspond to an integer number of TS packets and being fixed, inserting insignificant data, called stuffing in English noted B in the figure, if necessary to obtain an integer number of TS packets.
• the average duration of the burst and the IPE period are such that the average bit rate of the broadcast is at least equal to the bit rate necessary for the real-time rendering of the service broadcast. It should be noted that within the IPE period of fixed duration, the duration of each salvo corresponding to a given service may vary between periods.
• SFN Single Frequency Network
• This mechanism relies on the mega-frames ⁇ mega-frame in English) transmission of TS packets. It is illustrated in Fig. 5.
• the TS packets of the stream are numbered according to their place in the mega-frame of the first MFP packet # 0, referenced 5.1, to the MFP packet #nl, referenced 5.3, where "n" is the number of TS packets in the mega-frame.
• an initialization packet referenced 5.2, is introduced, this packet is called MIP packet (Mega-frame Initialization Packet in English) which has a dedicated PID identifier. This MIP packet makes it possible to precisely identify the first packet of the next mega-frame.
• time stamp STS Synchronization Time Stamp
• the reference clock is usually obtained through a GPS receiver (Global Positioning System).
• the time stamp STS is expressed in steps of 100 ns.
• the inventors have found that the contribution channel between the concentrator and the deconcentrators, that is to say, in the exemplary embodiment, the satellite contribution channel, is much more robust than the radio channel between the modulators and the receiving terminals.
• the error correction mechanism "FEC sections” is not necessary for good transmission between the concentrator and the deconcentrator. They therefore proposed that, preferentially but not necessary, the single contribution flow should not be protected by the "FEC sec- tions” mechanism. Leaving the protection by the "FEC section” mechanism for the single stream allows a bandwidth saving of the order of 25% depending on the FEC parameters used. Indeed, these codes consist of the addition of redundancy sections in addition to the data sections to allow the reconstruction of poorly transmitted data.
• the single stream will be advantageously transmitted without being formed into bursts.
• any non-significant data of jamming at the end of the IPE period is also saved.
• the single stream therefore consists of a multiplex of the MPE sections containing the IP frames of the different services.
• This multiplexed stream of MPE sections is transported by an MPEG-2 TS (Transport Stream in English) transport stream.
• the streams emitted by the modulators must be standard streams that can be received by any terminal conforming to the standard used, for example DVB-H in SFN network mode.
• these streams must be broadcast by burst and synchronized within the same region.
• Each region can be covered by several deconcentrators, they must generate identical and synchronized flows within the region. It is therefore necessary to synchronize all the deconcentrators of the same region with each other.
• Each deconcentrator must generate a stream to be broadcast by burst, it is necessary that the deconcentrators of the same region generate identical bursts and synchronized.
• the TS flow generated by the deconcentrators To enable operation in SFN mode of the regional network, it is also necessary for the TS flow generated by the deconcentrators to form mega-frames and therefore to contain MIP-type initialization packets. These mega-frames must be synchronized between the different deconcentrators of the same region.
• MCPS Multiplex Contribution Synchronization Packet in English
• MCTS Multiplex Contribution Time Stamp
• ITS IPE Time Stamp in English
• MTS MIP Time Stamp
• these contribution multiplex synchronization packets may also contain two sets of pointer and maximum delay parameters similar to those of the MIP packets as defined in EN 101 191.
• the concentrator of the exemplary embodiment is provided with a GPS reception module which enables it to receive the GPS clock in a 1 second step. It also has an internal clock in pitch of 100 ns generally synchronized by the GPS.
• the single stream, sent by the concentrator which is an MPEG-2 TS stream, is transmitted as mega-frames according to the mega-frame mechanism already described.
• the period of this mega-frame is defined by the concentrator and is relative to the flow of the single flow that we will call contribution rate.
• the period of this megatram of contribution must correspond to the transmission time of a whole number of TS packet at the contribution rate of the single stream.
• an MCSP packet is introduced within each mega-frame.
• This MCSP package contains a time stamp corresponding to the STS mark in the classic megatram mechanism. This mark is the MCTS mark of the invention. It will therefore be used to synchronize between them the different deconcentrators receiving this single stream.
• This mechanism is illustrated in FIG. 2 which shows the functional architecture of the concentrator according to the exemplary embodiment of the invention.
• This hub has an IP gateway referenced 2.1. This gateway receives all the services to be broadcast in the form of IP streams. The purpose of this gateway is to create the TS MPEG-2 stream. It encapsulates IP packets in MPE sections. She multiplexes, that is to say, it intertwines the MPE sections corresponding to the different services within a so-called multiplex flow.
• An additional service with a specific PID can be added that contains deconcentrator configuration information.
• This information may for example relate to the services to be filtered for each region, the period of the IPE, the configuration information to be inserted into the MIP packets of the mega-broadcast frames.
• the hub also has a synchronization generation module including a GPS receiver referenced 2.2. This module therefore has a clock in the step of a second received by GPS. It also has a clock in 100 ns pitch that can also be provided by the GPS or generated internally.
• This information is available for an insertion module for synchronization packets referenced 2.3. It is this insertion module 2.3 which forms the mega-frames of contribution. It creates the corresponding MCSP packets using the clocks available via the synchronization generation module 2.2.
• the single stream is then obtained in the form of an MPEG-2 TS stream carrying the multiplex of the MPE sections of the different services and signaling tables in the form of a mega-frame carrying an MCSP synchronization packet.
• This stream is then modulated by the DVB-S modulator referenced 2.4 for transmission by satellite.
• This stream is not protected by an FEC error-correcting mechanism for sections and services are not collected by bursts.
• the concentrator In addition to the first time mark MCTS inserted in the MCSP package by the concentrator, it will calculate and insert two other time marks.
• the second is called ITS (IPE Time Stamp) and is used to define the IPE period that will be used by the deconcentrators to generate a stream in a burst mode.
• the concentrator sets the IPE period and generates a periodic signal, called the IPE synchronization signal, according to this period.
• the second time mark ITS relates to this synchronization signal IPE. It corresponds, for example, to the number of steps of the clock in steps of 100 ns since the beginning of the current IPE period.
• MTS Megaframe Time Stamp
• ETSI document EN 101 191 ETSI document EN 101 191, and their duration depends on the modulation parameters chosen.
• the modulation rate of the regional stream is generally less than the contribution rate of the single stream.
• the concentrator generates a periodic signal, called a mega-frame synchronization signal, whose period corresponds to the duration of a mega-frame of diffusion.
• This period which must correspond to an integer number of TS packets, depends only on the broadcast standard, for example a concatenation of an RS code (Reed-Solomo ⁇ ) and a convolutional code in the case of the DVB-H standard. .
• This duration is a parameter set by the broadcast standard.
• the third time mark MTS relates to this mega-frame synchronization signal. For example, it corresponds to the number of steps of the clock at 100 ns before the start of the next mega-frame.
• the MCSP packet introduced into the single stream thus comprises 3 time marks, a first, MCTS, relating to the start time of the next mega-frame in the single stream, a second, ITS, relating to the IPE synchronization signal and a third, MTS, relating to the megatram synchronization signal.
• Fig. 6 illustrates the functional architecture of the deconcentrator according to the embodiment of the invention.
• the received stream is demodulated and processed by a synchronization module referenced 6.1.
• the decoder is equipped with a GPS receiver to receive and distribute to the various modules, in need, the GPS clock in a second.
• the deconcentrator also has an internal clock, synchronized to the GPS signal, at 100 ns pitch. Thanks to these clocks, the GPS clock is the same as that used by the concentrator, and thanks to the time mark MCTS contained in the MCSP packets of the single stream received, this synchronization module 6.1 is able to synchronize the deconcentrator.
• the stream received and synchronized by the synchronization module 6.1 is transmitted to a synchronization generation module 6.2.
• This module generates two synchronization signals using the time stamps found in the received single stream MCSP packets.
• the first synchronization signal, referenced 6.6 and called the synchronization signal IPE is a periodic signal whose period is the period IPE as reconstructed from the second time mark ITS of the MCSP packet.
• This IPE 6.6 synchronization signal will therefore have the same period and be synchronous between the different deconcentrators of the fact that they are synchronized with each other by the synchronization module 6.1.
• the second synchronization signal is a periodic signal whose period is the duration of a mega-frame broadcast as reconstructed from the third time mark MTS of the MCSP packet.
• This synchronization signal MIP 6.7 will therefore have the same period and be synchronous between the different deconcentrators because they are synchronized with each other by the synchronization module 6.1.
• the stream is then processed by a service filter module 6.3.
• This module is responsible for extracting services related to the region served from the single stream. This extraction is mainly done using a filter on the program identifiers, PID, packets.
• the deconcentrator is configured with a region identifier. It receives in the single flow specific tables indicating what are the services for this region.
• This module is also responsible, in a conventional manner, for generating the SI / PSI signaling tables corresponding to the services retained.
• the service filter module 6.3 furthermore provides MPE / TS decapsulation in order to restore the initial IP frames.
• the signal is then processed by an IP 6.4 encapsulator called IPE.
• IPE IP 6.4 encapsulator
• the function of this IPE is, on the one hand, to protect the flow using a section correcting code. This step is done in a conventional manner as described in ETSI EN 301 192 section 9.3. FEC sections are added to the stream. On the other hand, the transmission to be done according to the burst mode, it is necessary to generate data bursts for each service.
• the MPE sections corresponding to the services are grouped to generate a flow of the type illustrated in FIG. 3. To do this, the IPE 6.6 synchronization signal is used to calibrate the IPE period. If necessary, padding data is added at the end of each IPE period.
• the generated IPE periods are perfectly identical and synchronous within the same region.
• the stream protected by the FEC section corrector code and formatted as bursts is then transmitted to a MIP 6.5 packet insertion module.
• the function of this MIP packet insertion module is to generate the broadcast mega-frames and to insert the corresponding MIP packets into the stream.
• This module uses the MIP 6.7 synchronization signal to define the mega-frames as well as the one second and 100 ns clock provided by the GPS.
• the mega-broadcast frames generated are identical, at least within the same region, and synchronous.
• the deconcentrators are able to generate synchronous burst streams emitted within mega- synchronous broadcast frames. These flows are identical and synchronous within the same region. They are different between two different regions because the services selected are different.
• Synchronization between the flows generated by the deconcentrators is essential within a region operating in SFN. It is, however, useless between two different regions.
• each region can use one of the available MCSP packet sets in the single stream for building the regional stream.
• This makes it possible to manage regional flows whose modulation rate differs from one region to another.
• the constraint is that the deconcentrators of the same region use the same set of MCSP packets to generate synchronous flows within the region having the same modulation rate. To do this, it is possible to add a region identifier to the MCSP packets inserted into the single stream. It is thus possible to manage differently the synchronization of the different regions.
• time marks ITS and MTS corresponding to each set of synchronization parameters are introduced into each MCSP packet of each mega-frame of contribution.
• the salvage is done by the deconcentrators, the proposed method allows to add regional services at the deconcentrator if necessary. These additional services, not contained in the single stream, may be added when building the regional stream by the IPE module. The input of these flows on each deconcentrator must then be synchronous within the region.
• deterministic IPE module When a region is covered by several deconcentrators, they must generate a perfectly identical and synchronized flow. For this, it is necessary to make the operation of the flow generation deterministic.
• This is called deterministic IPE module or deterministic flow generation method in that the generated flow is ensured to be perfectly identical between two deconcentrators of the same region.
• the IPE is made deterministic by an IPE period of fixed size and corresponding to an integer number of TS packets, a burst generation and a generation of the particular PSI / SI tables and reset at each IPE period.
• the burst generation by the IPE is rendered deterministic by issuing the bursts in a deterministic order (for example by increasing PID), and completing the bursts made for each service and therefore for each PID corresponding to data by stuffing data. In this way, it is ensured that the continuity counter of each PID identifier corresponding to data is reset to zero at the beginning of each IPE period. This ensures that the values of this counter are identical for all the flows generated by the different deconcentrators.
• the generation of SI / PSI tables by the IPE is made deterministic in the following manner to ensure that the transport packets corresponding to the PSI / SI tables are identical and at the same positions for each IPE period. First, it is ensured that a whole number of repetition cycles of each signaling table is included in each IPE period. The generation of signal tables is also reset at the beginning of each IPE period. For each SI / PSI table, transport packs are inserted at deterministic and constant positions within each IPE period. The IPE module also completes the signaling information by stuffing data for each PID corresponding to PSI / SI tables to achieve a packet size TS multiple of 16 within each IPE period. This ensures that the emission of these tables is reset to zero at the beginning of each IPE period and that the continuity counter of each PID identifier corresponding to PSI / SI tables returns to zero at the beginning of each IPE period.
• the regional stream thus obtained is then transmitted to the modulator or modulators for its effective distribution to the user terminals of the region.

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• Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
• Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)

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