EP2197987A1

EP2197987A1 - Method and device for treating charged hot gas

Info

Publication number: EP2197987A1
Application number: EP08785527A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Olaf Schulze; Anton Althapp; Burkhard MÖLLER; Michael GÄTKE; Reinhold Grunwald; Günter Scholz; Wolfgang Rabe
Original assignee: Choren Industries GmbH
Current assignee: CCG ENERGY Tech CO Ltd
Priority date: 2007-09-07
Filing date: 2008-08-13
Publication date: 2010-06-23
Also published as: DE102007042543A1; BRPI0816385A2; AU2008298096A1; CN101809125B; AU2008298096B2; CA2698909C; CN101809125A; US20110049256A1; US8770555B2; CA2698909A1; WO2009033543A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for treating hot gas, especially hot gases produced by pressurized gasification in entrained flow gasifiers during the partial oxidation of dusty and/or liquid, ash-containing feed material in an entrained flow system.

Description

Method and apparatus for treating laden hot gases

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for the treatment of laden hot gas, preferably in connection with the production of CO and H ₂ -containing gases by partial oxidation of substantially dusty and / or liquid feedstocks, in particular ash-containing feedstocks in the air stream, wherein the laden hot gas, in particular containing slag and solid, is transferred from a reaction space into a connected cooling / quench tank, solid and gas are separated and gas is removed from the cooling / quench tank. The invention also relates to the use of the device according to the invention.

For the discharge of a hot laden with liquid slag gas from a reaction chamber in a refrigerating space underneath is proposed in DD 145860, DD 299 893, EP 127878 and DE 3151483 to introduce this laden gas stream via a cooled dip tube directly into a water bath. This operating principle has not been proven in practice, since only low trouble-free operating times are achieved and the repair and maintenance costs are considerable.

In the published patent applications DE 2556370 and DE 2660612 it is proposed to jet a hot gas stream by means of spray pipes. However, the application leads to Schlackeanbackungen and high thermal loads on the material and requires a very high technical and economic effort.

Furthermore, a method is known from DD 280975, in which, using spray quenching, cooling water is sprayed over successive nozzle rings with radial components into a gas jet and coaxial components to the gas jet in order to achieve saturation of the water vapor and washing out of solids. The with these devices / methods reached operating times of a few weeks and the required high cleaning costs do not meet the requirements for economic operation.

From the prior art is also known hot with liquid slag and solids laden gas streams after a partial direct cooling with recycled synthesis gas as described in EP 89 201 293.1 or by partial quenching from 1200 to 1900 ° C to a temperature level of 700 to 1100 ⁰ C, as proposed in DE 10 2005 042 640 A1, and then continue to cool indirectly with cooling registers to 150 to 400 ⁰ C with simultaneous steam generation. Although these methods can achieve high overall efficiencies at the beginning of the operating time, in addition to high investment costs have the further disadvantage that the availability of the gasification plant is reduced by deposits of ash and soot and the maintenance effort is increased and the benefits of additional steam extraction by the resulting disadvantages largely be overcompensated.

The object of the invention was therefore to provide a method and a device for treating laden hot gas, with which a transfer of loaded hot gas from a reaction space into a connected refrigerator takes place such that the separation of solid and gas and the gas discharge from the cooling / Quench container with a long service life and low cleaning effort with uncomplicated easy-to-manufacture design is possible.

In the context of the present invention, laden hot gas is to be understood as meaning a hot gas which contains constituents which, upon cooling, change into the fluid to solid state. Non-exhaustive examples of charged hot gases are in the production of CO and H ₂ -containing gases by partial oxidation of substantially dusty and / or liquid feedstocks, in particular special ash-containing feedstocks in the flow stream, gases obtained, containing slag and solid.

The device according to the invention has a cooling or quenching vessel with gas inlet and gas outlet, in which essentially a first quench space (flash quench space or precursor space) and a second quench space (main quench space) are formed, and which preferably directly from the slag gas outlet Lower part of a gasification reactor can be arranged. In the upper part in the region of the gas inlet of the cooling or Quenchbehäl- ters the separate preferably substantially cylindrical Flashquenchraum is formed in which a pre-quenching takes place and the diameter of about 1.05 to 5 times the inner diameter and its length (in Flow direction of the hot gas) corresponds to about 0.5 to 5 times the inner diameter of the inlet for the loaded hot gas. The inlet for the loaded hot gas is preferably the gas slag outlet of the reaction space of a gasification reactor, wherein the gas expediently flows vertically down into the device. The Flashquenchraum is advantageously provided with a film-forming device, whereby the inner wall with a film, in particular quench liquid, preferably protected with a water film against heat and encrustations. The water film is preferably produced at the upper edge of the flash quench chamber by means of the water film production device and leaves the quench chamber at the lower edge thereof, thus transporting the dripping water into the gas space of the main quench chamber, which is advantageously filled with water in the lower part. In the lower region, expediently in the lower third of the Flashquenchraumes one or more nozzle rings are arranged, which are designed such that up to about 30 nozzles, preferably 1 to 30 nozzles per 10,000 m ³ i. N. tr. (Dry in the standard state) raw gas (hot gas) are available. Preferably, each nozzle ring has at least 4 individual nozzles. The jet direction of the nozzles is on the axis of the loaded hot gas stream (raw gas slag stream) at an angle to the horizontal down, preferably -5 to 30 degrees.

With these nozzles, the hot charged with slag particles raw gas stream with a Quenchflüssigkeitsmenge, in particular water amount of up to about 50 m ³ , preferably 5 to 50 m ³ per 10,000 m ³ iN tr. Crude gas and with a nozzle exit velocity of up to 30 m / s , preferably 2 to 30 m / s applied, wherein the drop spectrum can be adjusted by a corresponding nozzle design in the range of up to about 3,000 microns, preferably 100 - 3.000 microns.

The outer boundary of the Flashquenchraumes can be designed both cylindrical and frustoconical with larger diameter at the bottom.

The device according to the invention is equipped in the lower region of the cooling or quenching container with at least one raw gas outlet (outlet for quenched hot gas).

In studies it has been found that with the teaching of the invention a sudden cooling of the crude gas slag stream are given without negative consequences for the slag flow and optimal conditions for the subsequent separation of the solid particles from the raw gas.

In a preferred embodiment, the device according to the invention is equipped with at least one nozzle ring located behind and / or below the flash quench chamber in order to additionally treat the secondary vortex in the upper part of the main quench chamber. The additional nozzle ring is designed so that with a Quenchflüssigkeitsmenge, preferably water amount of up to about 10 m ³ , preferably 1 to 10 m ³ per 1000 m ³ i. N. tr. Crude gas and a nozzle exit velocity of up to about 30m / s, preferably 1 to 10 m / s can be treated. Each additional nozzle ring preferably has min. at least 4 individual nozzles. The nozzles are designed so that the droplet spectrum of the quench liquid emerging from the nozzles in the range of up to about 500 .mu.m, preferably 50-500 microns. By the additional nozzle ring expediently the inner surface of the cooling and Quenchbehälters is fully applied with a (water) film.

Advantageously, the device according to the invention has a raw gas outlet arranged essentially in the axis of the main quench chamber, which is preferably equipped with a cone-shaped gas outlet device with a conical tip pointing upwards for the separation of the solids and liquid particles. This ensures that the main part of the solid and liquid particles is deposited by the deflection at the water surface in the advantageous continuously filled with quench liquid, preferably water lower part of the main quenching chamber and that thereby a concentric secondary vortex around the downwardly directed out of the reactor resulting gas flow and thus optimal conditions for a gas cleaning necessarily necessary intensive contacting of the solid particles are given with the quench liquid.

The upper part of the conical gas outlet device is preferably equipped with a spraying device in such a way that a closed (water) film forms on its surface and larger solid particles not yet finally cooled, in particular slag particles, are converted into the solid state and the quench liquid, advantageously water with the slag particles leaves the conical gas outlet device at its lower edge and thus enters the Quenchflüssigkeitssammelraum in the lower part (lower portion) of the Hauptquenchbehälters.

In a further preferred embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises alternatively to the above-mentioned conical gas outlet device with central learn Rohgasabgang, at least one, substantially horizontally to the outer shell and above the surface of the liquid Quenchflüssigkeitssammel- the space of the main Quenchbehälters arranged raw gas discharge, preferably 2 to 5 Einzelrohgasabführungen. The at least one raw gas discharge or each of the Einzelrohgasabgänge is expediently equipped in the main quench with arranged above the respective gas outlet flow baffles, which ensure that the flow rate of each flowing into the Einzelrohgasabgang raw gas is the same when leaving the Hauptquenchrau-. The Strömungsleitbleche are advantageous conical segments which are attached to the outer shell of the main Quenchraumes with the upper end and inclined down so that the flow lines of the gas flow from the lower deflecting edge of the respective baffle to the middle of the individual gas outlet always have the same length, so that This ensures a rotationally symmetrical gas flow in the main quench space.

Advantageously, the laterally arranged raw gas outlets are provided with devices which ensure an admission in the flow direction with quench liquid, preferably water, so that the laxative pipe is provided over the entire circumference with a (water) film. In this way, preparations of solid particles and deposits of salts formed are largely avoided.

According to the invention, a venturi scrubber for scrubbing crude gas is advantageously arranged in all gas outlets after leaving the cooling and quenching container.

The device according to the invention is preferably used in such a way that a separate cylindrical flash quench space is arranged directly at the slag gas outlet from a gasification reactor in the upper part of a cooling and quenching container arranged underneath, in which a pre-quenching takes place and with further Nozzle systems of the resulting with the secondary vortex still charged with particulate matter upward gas flow in Quench- and cooling tank, the inner wall of the cooling and quench, the Rohgasaustrittsstrom from the cooling and Quenchbehälter and internals in the cooling and Quenchbehälter, which serve for Rohgasabzug exposed to water become.

The device according to the invention is preferably used for the treatment of hot pressure gasification gases from entrainment gasifiers.

The invention also relates to a process for the treatment of laden hot gas, which is preferably the crude gas slag stream originating from a (gas) gasification reactor, wherein quench liquid is injected into the laden hot gas in a first step in an amount of up to about 50 m ³ , preferably from 5 to 50 m ³ per 10,000 m ³ iN tr. Crude gas and a nozzle exit velocity of up to about 30 m / s, preferably 2 to 30 m / s, wherein the drop spectrum of the quench liquid in the range of up to about 3,000 .mu.m, preferably 100 - 3,000 microns is adjusted and then injected in a further step quench liquid in an amount of up to about 10 m ³ , preferably 1 to 10 m ³ per 1000 m ³ i. N. tr. Crude gas and a nozzle exit velocity of up to about 30m / s, preferably 1 to 10 m / s, wherein the droplet spectrum of the quench liquid emerging from the nozzles in the range of up to about 500 .mu.m, preferably 50-500 microns is set.

Advantageously, up to about 30 nozzles, in particular from 1 to 30 nozzles per 10,000 m ^{3 of} iN tr. Raw gas (unloaded hot gas) are used, it being expedient to use at least 4 individual nozzles.

The process according to the invention is particularly preferably carried out in the device according to the invention. The invention will be explained by the following embodiment with reference to Figures 1 and 2. Show

Figure 1: the device of the invention in conjunction with a central raw gas and

Figure 2: the device according to the invention in conjunction with a plurality of laterally disposed raw gas outlets

The embodiment relates to the use of the invention in a pulverized coal gasifier with integrated quench system. The performance of the carburetor is 80,000 m ³ i. N./h dry.

The cooling and quenching container 13 arranged immediately below the gasification reactor is divided into a flash quenching chamber 1 and a main quenching chamber 2. The gas inlet 14 (here: slag exhaust body of the carburettor) has a diameter of 600 mm and a height of 1000 mm. The inner side of the cylindrical Flashquenchraumes 1 with a diameter of 800 mm is applied at the top via the water supply 3 with 40 m ³ / h of water via a water annulus, so that a closed downflowing outflowing water film 4 is formed on the inside of the Flashquenchraumes. The actual quenching of the gas stream is carried out by means of 30 m ³ / h each of 3 nozzle rings 5, which are each equipped with 8 individual nozzles. The jacket of the Flashquenchraumes has at the respective position of the individual nozzles corresponding openings to ensure the entry of the liquid jets 6 with a drop size of 0.5 to 3 mm and a flow rate of 15 m / s in the raw gas stream.

The secondary vortex 11 generated with the arrangement of the gas outlet device 8 is connected to the 32 spray nozzles arranged in the dome of the main quench tank. sen 12 with 60 m ³ / h of water so sprayed that with the setting of the spray direction and the droplet size of 100 to 300 microns intensive contacting of the water droplets with the not yet deposited fine particles in the raw gas and complete wetting of the inner wall of the cooling and quench 2 takes place.

The discharge of the raw gas from the main quench chamber via the arranged in the axis of the container Rohgasabführungsrohr 7, via which the required for the separation of the solid liquid particles from the raw gas conical gas outlet device 8 is arranged. The required for wetting the O- side of the interceptor water quantity of 20 m ³ / h is supplied through the nozzle system 9 with the water supply line 10 at the top of the interceptor.

The alternative solution according to the invention according to FIG. 2 is equipped in the lower tank area with a plurality of gas outlets 15, which are located above the water level 16 and are equipped to separate the solids-water particles with conical flow baffles 17 above the single raw waste gas outlet. The lower end 18 of the Einzelleitbleches is geometrically designed so that the flow lines of the gas flow from each point of the lower edge 18 of the guide plate have the same length to the center of the respective Rohgasabzuges 19, whereby a rotationally symmetrical gas flow in the main quench 2 is ensured. LIST OF REFERENCES

1 flash quench room

2 main quench room

3 water supply

4 water film

5 nozzle rings

6 liquid jets

7 raw gas exhaust pipe

8 gas outlet device

9 nozzle system

10 water supply line

11 secondary vertebrae

12 spray nozzles

13 cooling and quenching containers

14 gas inlet

15 gas outlets

16 water levels

17 flow baffles

18 lower end 18 of the single sheet metal

19 raw gas withdrawal

Claims

claims

1. A device for the treatment of laden hot gas, comprising a Kühlbzw. Quench container (13) having a gas inlet (14) and a gas outlet (7, 15) in which substantially a first quenching chamber (1) and a second quenching chamber (2) are formed, wherein the first quenching chamber (1) in the upper part of the cooling or quench container (13) in the region of the gas inlet (14) is arranged and a diameter of about 1.05 to 5 times the inner diameter and a length which is about 0.5 to 5 times the One or more nozzle rings (5) are arranged in the lower region of the first Quench- space (1), which are designed so that up to about 30 nozzles, preferably 1 to 30 nozzles each 10,000 m ³ i. N. tr. Hot gas are available, wherein the nozzles are designed such that the quench liquid at an angle down to the horizontal, preferably from - 5 ° to + 30 °, in an amount of up to about 50 m ³ , preferably 5 bis 50 m ³ per 10,000 m ³ i. N. tr. Raw gas with a nozzle exit velocity of up to about 30 m / s, preferably 2 to 30 m / s and with a drop spectrum of up to about 3,000 microns, preferably 100 - 3,000 microns emerges.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first quenching chamber (1) is associated with a film-generating means for generating a Quenchflüssigkeits- film on the inner wall of the first Quenchraums (1).

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one additional nozzle ring (12) behind and / or below the first quench chamber (1) is arranged, wherein the additional nozzle ring (12) is designed so that quench liquid in an amount of up to about 10 m ³ , preferably 1 to 10 m ³ per 1000 m ³ i. N. tr. Raw gas and a nozzle exit velocity of up to about 30m / s, preferably 1 to 10 m / s and with a drop spectrum in the range of up to about 500 .mu.m, preferably 50 - 500 microns emerges.

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the nozzle rings (5, 12) each have at least 4 individual nozzles.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a substantially in the axis of the second quench chamber (2) arranged Rohgasabgang (7) is provided, which is preferably equipped with a substantially conical gas outlet device (8) with upwardly directed cone tip ,

6. Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the gas outlet device (8) is provided in the upper region with a Bedüsungsvorrichtung to form a film on the surface of the apex.

7. Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the apex of the gas outlet device from the inside to the outside at least 1 opening with liquid, in particular water is acted upon.

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least one, substantially horizontally to the outer jacket of the cooling or Quenchbehälter (13) arranged Rohgasabführung (15) is provided.

9. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein 2 to 5 lateral Rohgasabführungen (15) are provided, which are preferably arranged rotationally symmetrical.

10. Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the Rohgasabführungen (15) are provided with means which ensure an admission of Rohgasabführungen in the flow direction with quench liquid, preferably water.

11.Vorrichtung according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the Rohgasabführungen (15) respectively in the second quench chamber (2) arranged Strömungsleitbleche (17) are assigned, wherein the baffles preferably represent conical segments in the second Quenchraum (2) down so are arranged inclined that the flow lines of the gas flow from the lower deflecting edge (18) of the respective baffle to the middle of the single gas outlet (15) always have the same length.

12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein each gas outlets (19) after leaving the cooling and quench container (13) is assigned a respective Venturiwaschvor- direction.

13. A method for the treatment of loaded hot gas, wherein in the loaded hot gas in a first step quench liquid is injected in an amount of up to about 50 m ³ , preferably 5 to 50 m ³ per 10,000 m ³ iN tr raw gas and a nozzle exit velocity of to about 30 m / s, preferably 2 to 30 m / s, wherein the droplet spectrum of the quench liquid in the range of up to about 3,000 .mu.m, preferably 100-3000 .mu.m is adjusted and then injected in a further step quench liquid in an amount of to about 10 m ³ , preferably 1 to 10 m ³ per 1000 m ³ i. N. tr. Crude gas and a nozzle exit velocity of up to about 10m / s, preferably 1 to 10 m / s, wherein the drop spectrum of the quench liquid emerging from the nozzles in the range of up to about 500 .mu.m, preferably 50-500 microns is set.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein up to about 30 nozzles, in particular 1 to 30 nozzles per 10,000 m ³ iN tr. Crude gas are used, wherein suitably at least 4 individual nozzles are used.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that it is carried out in a device according to one of claims 1 to 12.