EP2192262B1 - Cuiller de cimentation - Google Patents

Cuiller de cimentation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2192262B1
EP2192262B1 EP08170190A EP08170190A EP2192262B1 EP 2192262 B1 EP2192262 B1 EP 2192262B1 EP 08170190 A EP08170190 A EP 08170190A EP 08170190 A EP08170190 A EP 08170190A EP 2192262 B1 EP2192262 B1 EP 2192262B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
dump bailer
swabbing
tool body
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08170190A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2192262A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Innes
Jonathan Murty
Dave Macwilliam
Malcolm Atkinson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA
Schlumberger Holdings Ltd
Prad Research and Development Ltd
Schlumberger Technology BV
Original Assignee
Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA
Gemalto Terminals Ltd
Schlumberger Holdings Ltd
Prad Research and Development Ltd
Schlumberger Technology BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA, Gemalto Terminals Ltd, Schlumberger Holdings Ltd, Prad Research and Development Ltd, Schlumberger Technology BV filed Critical Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA
Priority to EP08170190A priority Critical patent/EP2192262B1/fr
Priority to US12/624,569 priority patent/US20100155054A1/en
Priority to CA2686298A priority patent/CA2686298A1/fr
Publication of EP2192262A1 publication Critical patent/EP2192262A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2192262B1 publication Critical patent/EP2192262B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B27/00—Containers for collecting or depositing substances in boreholes or wells, e.g. bailers, baskets or buckets for collecting mud or sand; Drill bits with means for collecting substances, e.g. valve drill bits
    • E21B27/02—Dump bailers, i.e. containers for depositing substances, e.g. cement or acids

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a borehole tool assembly for use in depositing materials in boreholes drilled in an underground formation.
  • the invention relates to dump bailers for use in boreholes such as oil and gas wells.
  • Dump bailers have been developed to remove debris or solids deposits from the wellbore prior to completing some other task, or to obtain a sample of the fluid from the area of a downhole device, by utilizing a suction action similar to a bicycle pump. Later developments of bailers became available to deposit cements or chemicals into a wellbore by simply reversing the action. However, these bailers do not positively displace their contents in the true sense, typically relying on gravity.
  • a dump-bailer tool normally includes a tubular chamber for storing the cement slurry and a ported valve for the slurry to discharge from the dump-bailer into the subterranean wellbore.
  • Dump-bailer tools are well known in the oil and gas industry. They essentially include of a thin wall concentric fluid chamber consisting of threaded bailer tube sections. The upper end of the tubes is connected mechanically to an armoured or solid cable that is spooled on a surface winch. The lower end of the tool consists of electrical and/or mechanical dump release mechanisms, for example a bull-plug which supports and confines the cement slurry during conveyance into the wellbore.
  • the bull-plug consists of a valve device or rupture plug, which is initiated at the proper dump depth by human interface either electrically, hydraulically, or mechanically initiated.
  • the dump bailer method expels the cement slurry at a bridge plug or other barrier device in the well casing, possibly above perforations to the reservoir formation through the casing, prior to making new perforations.
  • the slurry volume capacity of the dump-bailer device is limited by the length and internal diameter of the bailer tubes. Typical dump-bailer volumetric capacities range from 4.5 to 27 Litres (one to six imperial gallons). After each dump of slurry, the dump bailer is retrieved to the surface and prepared for subsequent dump-bail operations.
  • Positive displacement dump bailer systems have been previously proposed. These typically run on electric line and release a weight onto a piston which applies a pressure shock through the cement which shears a pin at the bottom of the bailer which allows the cement to fall out the bottom of the bailer either under its own weight or with the additional weight of the actuating system.
  • One known device uses a motor to release the weight and another uses a solenoid.
  • One variation uses an explosive bolt which has a similar function as the solenoid.
  • Another known bailer is activated either by a timer or by a pressure transducer, but again only uses gravity to displace the contents to the wellbore.
  • U.S. 2,994,378 discloses a method for treating a well with a drill string.
  • U.S. 3,020,961 discloses a chemical injector that includes a tubular container provided with a chamber for holding the fluid for treating the tubing. One outlet orifice is provided in the container adapted to be placed in communication with the chamber. Means are provide for normally preventing the flow of the fluid from the chamber to the outlet orifice. Pressure responsive means disposed in the chamber are used for opening the normally closed means for preventing flow to the orifice from the chamber. When the pressure responsive means are actuated, the chemical is injected from the chamber and through the orifice to be sprayed upon the inside of the well tubing.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a dump bailer according to claim 1.
  • the valve is operable to direct pressurised fluid to act directly on the swabbing piston.
  • the supply of pressurised fluid can comprise a reservoir carried on the swabbing piston so as to be moveable therewith.
  • a sliding seal is provided on an inner wall of the tool body, and the first stage piston comprises a head end that seals against the inner wall of the tool body, and a tail end that has a smaller diameter than the head end and seals in the sliding seal.
  • the supply of pressurised fluid can comprise a reservoir defined between the head end of the first stage piston and the sliding seal on the tool body and sliding movement of the first stage piston in the tool body can cause the reservoir to change in volume.
  • the interior of the tool body below the sliding seal is open to ambient pressure.
  • the interior of the tool body above the head end of the first stage piston can open to ambient pressure or a supplementary supply of pressurised fluid can be connected to the interior of the tool body above the head end of the first stage piston by means of a valve.
  • the pressurised fluid is pressurised by the effect of the ambient pressure acting on it.
  • the second stage piston is typically mechanically connected to the swabbing piston, and the first stage piston defines a cylinder in which the second stage piston is mounted and into which the valve can release pressurised fluid to drive the second stage piston along the cylinder which in turn drives the swabbing piston along the chamber.
  • the portion of the cylinder below the second stage piston can be maintained at an internal pressure that is less than the pressure of the fluid in the supply when the tool is in an ambient operating pressure environment.
  • the outlet typically comprises a relief valve that is normally held in a shut position until the pressure in the chamber rises above an opening pressure due to the action of the swabbing piston.
  • the outlet comprises an end fitting having an opening in a predetermined azimuthal position on the tool circumference.
  • the end fitting has a number of openings at azimuthal positions on the tool circumference.
  • the end fitting can be freely rotatable. In which case a drive mechanism to rotate the end fitting powered by the flow of fluid from the chamber can be provided.
  • the piston system of the present invention is preferably driven by pressure differentials, for example between ambient operating pressure and reduced pressure in the tool, or elevated pressures in to tool.
  • FIG. 1 One embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 1 , in which the dump bailer comprises a ram assembly is designed to operate by using the difference between surrounding wellbore fluid pressure and a void volume in the tool to apply force to a piston.
  • the dump bailer comprises a ram assembly is designed to operate by using the difference between surrounding wellbore fluid pressure and a void volume in the tool to apply force to a piston.
  • the dump bailer of Figure 1 comprises a tool body 10 that can be connected to a conveyance system (not shown) such as a wireline cable, coiled tubing or drill pipe, and lowered into a well.
  • the tool body comprises a lower section defining a chamber 12 for containing the fluid to be deposited in the well, and an upper section 14 comprising an actuating mechanism that will be discussed in more detail below.
  • An outlet 16 is formed at the lower end of the chamber 12 and is held normally closed by a spring loaded relief valve 18 or other means such as a shear pin.
  • a swabbing piston 20 is mounted in the chamber so as to be slideable along the chamber to drive any fluid contained therein through the outlet 16.
  • a sliding seal 22 is formed on the inner wall of the tool body 10 and defines the top of the chamber 12 and the bottom of the upper section 14.
  • a vent 24 is provided in the tool body 10 below the sliding seal 22 and above the swabbing piston 20 so that there is pressure communication between this space and the ambient pressure surrounding the bailer.
  • the actuating mechanism in the upper section 14 comprises a two-stage piston that is mechanically connected to the swabbing piston 20.
  • a first stage piston 26 is mounted so as to be slideable inside the upper section 14.
  • the first stage piston 26 has a head end 28 that seals against the inner wall of the tool body 10, and a lower end 30 that is reduced in diameter with respect to the head end and defines a cylinder 32.
  • the lower end 30 projects through the sliding seal 22.
  • a second stage piston 34 is mounted sildeably in the cylinder 32 and is connected to the swabbing piston 20 by means of a connecting rod 36.
  • a passageway 40 connects the reservoir 38 to the upper end of the cylinder 32.
  • a valve 42 is provided in the passageway 40.
  • a further vent 44 is provided in the tool body 10 above the head end 28 so that there is also pressure communication between this space and the ambient pressure surrounding the bailer.
  • valve 42 can be positioned at the point where the vent 44 is described above, and the passageway 40 will remain as an open channel.
  • the space in the cylinder below the second stage piston 34 is not filled with working fluid, but contains either air or another gas at or near atmospheric pressure, or, in an alternative can be completely or partially evacuated.
  • pressure communication through the vents 24, 44 means that the difference in areas at 22 and 26, on which ambient pressure is acting, causes the working fluid within reservoir 38 to be higher than the ambient pressure around the tool. At a downhole location, this will be substantially above atmospheric pressure.
  • the second stage piston 34 With the second stage piston 34 at the top of the cylinder 32 and with the valve 42 closed, the second stage piston 34 moves little, if at all, to adopt an equilibrium position in which the pressure above the second stage piston 34 is the same as that below it. As all pressures in the various sections are balanced and there is no way for the different pressure to equalise (the valve 42 being closed), the swabbing piston 20 does not move.
  • valve 42 When it is desired to evacuate the chamber 12, the valve 42 is opened. This allows working fluid from the reservoir 38 at ambient pressure to enter the cylinder above the second stage piston 34. Since this is a substantially higher pressure than is found below the second stage piston 34, it is driven downwards, pushing the swabbing piston along the chamber 13. The pressure exerted on the fluid in the chamber 12 by the swabbing piston 20 overcomes the force of the spring in the relief valve 18 and the fluids are deposited in the well.
  • the first stage piston 26 advances along the upper section 14 to accommodate the reduction in volume of fluid in the reservoir while maintaining ambient pressure. This will continue until either the second stage piston 34 reaches the bottom of the cylinder 32, the swabbing piston 20 reaches the bottom of the chamber 12 (or some other such mechanical stop point is reached), or until a pressure equilibrium between the fluid above the second stage piston 34 and the gas below it is reached.
  • FIG 2 shows a variant of the embodiment of Figure 1 .
  • the same numbers have been used for corresponding parts.
  • the vent in the upper section 14 (44 in Figure 1 ) is replaced by a gas reservoir 50 and a valve 52.
  • the gas in the reservoir is held at a pressure higher than the ambient pressure of the well at the depth of use.
  • both valves 42 and 52 are opened and operation continues as described previously.
  • the use of a pressurised gas allows a higher driving pressure to be applied where the operation is at relatively shallow depth such that the pressure differences are low, or where an extra 'boost' is needed to overcome static friction, or some mechanical blockage.
  • FIG 3 shows another variant of the embodiment of Figure 1 .
  • the outlet 16 is provided with an end fitting 54 having an outlet passage 56 terminating in an exit port 58 that directs flow from a side part of the end fitting 54.
  • This particular embodiment of the invention can be useful where the chamber 12 is filled with acids and chemicals suitable for de-scaling and cleaning operations within the wellbore.
  • the basic operating principle is the same as described above to generate the force to displace the contents of the bailer tube.
  • the exit port 58 can be configured to have a fixed single or multiple exit orifice which may be oriented to a particular azimuth within the well bore using a muleshoe or other mechanical device (typically used within well completions such as are used to deploy or retrieve gas-lift valves from side pocket tools) to direct a pressure stream or jet of cleaning agent from within the apparatus during the displacement stroke of the ram.
  • the tool could then be vertically oscillated from the well surface to direct the stream as required over a longitudinal section of the well trajectory.
  • another embodiment of the apparatus used for clean up purposes has an end fitting 60 with multiple exit jets 62 arranged equally around its periphery to direct pressurized streams or jets of cleaning agent around an axial section of the wellbore.
  • the end fitting 60 also be made to freely rotate around the longitudinal axis of the apparatus using the pressure and flow of displaced fluid from the tube as a driving mechanism whilst the hydraulic ram is displacing the contents. This arrangement could be used to clean a landing nipple profile or seal area of a wellbore or tubing completion.
  • Figures 5 and 6 shows a supply of pressurised gas as the principal driving force.
  • the dump bailer comprises a tool body 70 that defines a simple chamber 72 running along it whole length.
  • the swabbing piston 74 is able to slide along the whole length of the chamber 72.
  • the swabbing piston 74 has an extended piston body 76 extending from its rear surface to project through a sliding seal 78 at the top of the chamber 72.
  • the piston body 76 includes a reservoir of pressurised gas (e.g. nitrogen) 80 and a passage 82 connecting the reservoir 80 to an outlet disposed in the chamber 72 just above the swabbing piston 74.
  • a valve 84 is provided in the passage 82.
  • valve 84 is operated to allow pressurised gas to enter the chamber 72 above the swabbing piston 74 which is forced down the chamber 72 expelling any fluids through an outlet 86.
  • the swabbing piston 74 advances, the piston body is drawn through the sliding seal 78 until the swabbing piston 74 reaches the bottom of the chamber 72 ( Figure 6 ).
  • a trigger section that can be used with the present invention that essentially corresponds to a slickline firing head of the type currently used for slickline explosive applications or to trigger cutters and set packers and plugs.
  • the trigger is operated by a coded sequence of tension pulses on the slickline wire. This coded sequence is converted to pressure pulses by a strain sensor in the tool. This unique combination of pulses creates the special signature required to communicate with the firing head, or in this case with the dump bailer actuator.
  • a pressure transducer in the tool detects a command from the surface (pull on the slick line).
  • Two separate processors in the controller module are required to independently verify the unique command.
  • the tool In addition to the safety of the unique command signature of the pressure pulses, the tool must be enabled by a preset hydrostatic pressure, followed by an arming command sent from the surface, before it will accept a firing command.
  • the trigger works by interpreting changes in downhole pressure as instructions to perform specific operations during a job.
  • Pressure changes detected by a pressure gauge result from two sources: deviations in ambient hydrostatic pressure (i.e. depth in the well) and changes in line tension, which are translated into pressure changes by the strain head. Completion of the firing sequence requires suitable signals from both sources.
  • the tool will not fire unless it reaches a preset minimum pressure specified by the operator.
  • jerking on the slickline causes tension changes detectable by the pressure transducer through the action of the strain head.
  • the signal produced by the jerk has unique characteristics that can be recognized. Detection of this signal is a slickline trigger event.
  • the tool detects fire commands by searching for a predefined sequence of trigger events with specific time spacing.
  • Each event has an associated type, reference pressure and reference time. These events, each with its own reference time and pressure, are used to locate command sequences.
  • the tool typically takes a pressure measurement every 200 ms for use in locating these events. Each sample is used for command analysis and saved in memory.
  • the trigger section of the tool (refer to Figure 7 ) comprises a cylindrical tube housing 90, upper 92 and lower 94 connectors which allow the trigger to be mounted concentrically to both the slickline trigger and telescopic ram/actuator section of the tool.
  • Contained within the housing is an interface electronics assembly 96 which will obtain and interpret electrical signals from the trigger tool at the appropriate time and operate an electric motor or other electro-mechanical actuator 98.
  • the motor or electro-mechanical actuator will in turn operate an output shaft or rod 100 to operate the valves 42, 52, 84 of Figures 1, 2 , 5 and 6 .
  • the tool may be triggered via electric line with a direct or indirect electrical connection to the surface, or by a built-in timer which is powered by an internal battery and where the delay is set at the surface.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Cuiller de cimentation comprenant :
    - un corps d'outil (10) définissant une chambre (12) pour contenir un matériau à déposer ;
    - une sortie (16) dans le corps d'outil (10) à travers laquelle le matériau peut être déposé ; et
    - un ensemble de piston monté de manière coulissante dans la chambre et comprenant un piston de pistonnage (20), une alimentation de fluide sous pression, et une valve (42) pour libérer le fluide sous pression afin d'agir sur le piston de pistonnage (20) pour l'entraîner le long de la chambre (12) afin d'expulser le matériau contenu à l'intérieur de cette dernière par la sortie (16) ; et
    - un mécanisme intermédiaire par le biais duquel le fluide sous pression peut agir sur le piston de pistonnage (20), caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble de piston comprend un piston de premier étage (26) monté de manière coulissante dans le corps d'outil (10) et un piston de second étage (34) qui est monté de manière coulissante dans le piston de premier étage (26), le piston de second étage (34) étant raccordé au piston de pistonnage (20), la valve (42) fonctionnant pour libérer le fluide sous pression entre les pistons de premier et second étages (26, 34) afin d'entraîner le piston de pistonnage (20) le long de la chambre (12).
  2. Cuiller de cimentation selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la valve (42) peut fonctionner pour diriger le fluide sous pression afin d'agir directement sur le piston de pistonnage (20).
  3. Cuiller de cimentation selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle l'alimentation de fluide sous pression comprend un réservoir (38) porté sur le piston de pistonnage (20) afin de pouvoir se déplacer avec ce dernier.
  4. Cuiller de cimentation selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle un joint coulissant (22) est prévu sur une paroi interne du corps d'outil (10), et le piston de premier étage (26) comprend une extrémité de tête (28) qui réalise une étanchéité avec la paroi interne du corps d'outil et une extrémité de queue (30) qui a un diamètre plus petit que l'extrémité de tête (28) et réalise une étanchéité dans le joint coulissant (22).
  5. Cuiller de cimentation selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle l'alimentation de fluide sous pression comprend un réservoir (38) défini entre l'extrémité de tête (28) du piston de premier étage (26) et le joint coulissant (22) sur le corps d'outil (10).
  6. Cuiller de cimentation selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle le mouvement coulissant du piston de premier étage (26) dans le corps d'outil (10) amène le réservoir (38) à changer de volume.
  7. Cuiller de cimentation selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre une ouverture (24) dans le corps d'outil de sorte que l'intérieur du corps d'outil au-dessous du joint coulissant (22) est ouvert à la pression ambiante.
  8. Cuiller de cimentation selon la revendication 7, dans laquelle l'intérieur du corps d'outil (10) au-dessus de l'extrémité de tête (28) du piston de premier étage (26) est ouvert à la pression ambiante.
  9. Cuiller de cimentation selon la revendication 7, dans laquelle le fluide sous pression est mis sous pression par l'effet de la pression ambiante qui agit sur lui.
  10. Cuiller de cimentation selon la revendication 7, dans laquelle le corps d'outil (10) comprend en outre une alimentation supplémentaire de fluide sous pression raccordée à l'intérieur du corps d'outil (10) au-dessus de l'extrémité de tête (28) du piston de premier étage (26) au moyen d'une valve.
  11. Cuiller de cimentation selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le piston de second étage (34) est mécaniquement raccordé au piston de pistonnage (20), et le piston de premier étage (26) définit un cylindre dans lequel le piston de second étage (34) est monté et dans lequel la valve (42) peut libérer du fluide sous pression pour entraîner le piston de second étage (34) le long du cylindre qui entraîne à son tour le piston du pistonnage (20) le long de la chambre.
  12. Cuiller de cimentation selon la revendication 11, dans laquelle la partie du cylindre au-dessous du piston de second étage (34) est maintenue à une pression interne qui est inférieure à la pression du fluide dans l'alimentation lorsque l'outil est dans un environnement de pression de fonctionnement ambiante.
  13. Cuiller de cimentation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la sortie (16) comprend une valve de décharge (18) qui est normalement maintenue dans une position fermée jusqu'à ce que la pression dans la chambre monte au-dessus d'une pression d'ouverture, due à l'action du piston de pistonnage (20).
  14. Cuiller de cimentation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la sortie (16) comprend un raccord d'extrémité (54) ayant une ouverture dans une position azimutale prédéterminée sur la circonférence de l'outil.
  15. Cuiller de cimentation selon la revendication 14, dans laquelle le raccord d'extrémité (54) a un nombre d'ouvertures dans des positions azimutales sur la circonférence de l'outil.
  16. Cuiller de cimentation selon la revendication 14 ou 15, dans laquelle le raccord d'extrémité (54) est librement rotatif.
  17. Cuiller de cimentation selon la revendication 16, comprenant en outre un mécanisme d'entraînement pour faire tourner le raccord d'extrémité, le mécanisme d'entraînement étant entrainé par l'écoulement de fluide à partir de la chambre.
EP08170190A 2008-11-28 2008-11-28 Cuiller de cimentation Not-in-force EP2192262B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08170190A EP2192262B1 (fr) 2008-11-28 2008-11-28 Cuiller de cimentation
US12/624,569 US20100155054A1 (en) 2008-11-28 2009-11-24 Dump bailer
CA2686298A CA2686298A1 (fr) 2008-11-28 2009-11-25 Cuiller de cimentation

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08170190A EP2192262B1 (fr) 2008-11-28 2008-11-28 Cuiller de cimentation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2192262A1 EP2192262A1 (fr) 2010-06-02
EP2192262B1 true EP2192262B1 (fr) 2012-11-14

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EP08170190A Not-in-force EP2192262B1 (fr) 2008-11-28 2008-11-28 Cuiller de cimentation

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US (1) US20100155054A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2192262B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2686298A1 (fr)

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US20100155054A1 (en) 2010-06-24
EP2192262A1 (fr) 2010-06-02

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