EP2176591A2 - Dispositif d'injection d'un combustible ou d'un pré-mélange combustible/comburant comprenant des moyens permettant un contrôle passif des instabilités de combustion - Google Patents
Dispositif d'injection d'un combustible ou d'un pré-mélange combustible/comburant comprenant des moyens permettant un contrôle passif des instabilités de combustionInfo
- Publication number
- EP2176591A2 EP2176591A2 EP08838515A EP08838515A EP2176591A2 EP 2176591 A2 EP2176591 A2 EP 2176591A2 EP 08838515 A EP08838515 A EP 08838515A EP 08838515 A EP08838515 A EP 08838515A EP 2176591 A2 EP2176591 A2 EP 2176591A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- injection
- combustion zone
- combustion
- injection device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details
- F23D14/48—Nozzles
- F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2210/00—Noise abatement
Definitions
- Device for injecting a fuel or a fuel / oxidant premix comprising means enabling passive control of the combustion instabilities
- the invention relates to the field of combustion, and more particularly to combustion in a multipoint injection system.
- the multipoint injection systems are characterized by a combustion chamber in which is injected at several points a fuel or a premix of a fuel / oxidant. The combustion takes place downstream of the multipoint injection system.
- fuel will mean in the following both the fuel but also the fuel / oxidant premix.
- acoustic instability which results from a coupling between the combustion process and the acoustics of the system.
- instabilities have a detrimental effect on the behavior of the system or installation implementing combustion.
- the acoustic instability arises due to a resonant coupling between the flames and the acoustics of the system or installation. Indeed, when subjected to an acoustic excitation (unsteady flow and pressure), the system induces oscillations of the release of heat. The luminous intensity emitted by the free radicals OH * , CH * , C 2 * (proportional to the release of heat) oscillates sinusoidally around the position average. And the response of the flames to the acoustic excitation leads to increase the instability of the combustion system.
- the coupling between the combustion and the acoustics of the system can have serious consequences with, in particular, a degradation of the performances and, in some cases, serious damage for the installations and their environment (vibration of the structures, extinguishing of flames, sound radiation powerful, etc.).
- acoustic dampers In order to prevent the damage that may result from this type of instability, control methods are used, passive methods being the most common methods. Among these, there may be mentioned a method related to the use of "acoustic dampers".
- the acoustic dampers consist of Helmholtz resonator type cavities or quarter wave resonator type cavities. These cavities, placed in particular at the periphery of the combustion chambers, make it possible to absorb a part of the acoustic energy, to reduce the quality factor of the system and thus to increase the size of the stability ranges of the system.
- such solutions remain expensive in terms of space (large size) and structural mass.
- the invention aims in particular to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art described above by proposing a combustion system for eliminating the instabilities of combustion, and more particularly the instabilities related to the thermo-acoustic effects of the resonant coupling of the system implementing combustion.
- the invention relates to a multipoint injection device for a fuel or a fuel / oxidant premix in a combustion zone disposed downstream of said device so as to form flames.
- said device comprising at least one fuel flow pipe or premix to the combustion zone and means for controlling the flow of fuel or premix leading into the combustion zone.
- the injection device according to the invention is remarkable in that the control means are arranged to define, in the flow conduit, at least two control orifices having a predetermined longitudinal offset ⁇ X non-zero so that, in response to an acoustic stress, the flames formed in the combustion zone, respectively at the output of each control orifice, oscillate in phase shift. Said orifices have distinct longitudinal axes.
- Combustion zone means a confined reaction zone, such as a combustion chamber, or an unconfined reaction zone.
- the flow conduit comprises a plurality of diameter D injection channels provided with an outlet opening in the combustion zone and in that the control means comprise diaphragms, respectively arranged transversely in each associated injection channel, the openings of said diaphragms forming the control orifices.
- a diaphragm means a restriction of the diameter of the injection channels. This restriction can be directly formed by the inner wall of the channels, or can be achieved by the introduction of a perforated plate inside the channels.
- half of the diaphragms is placed at a distance X 1 from the outlet opening of the associated injection channels, the other half of the diaphragms being situated at a distance X 2 from the exit opening of the injection channels, X 2 different from X1 so as to present a determined offset ⁇ X that is not zero.
- the diaphragms of the first half of the injectors and those of the second have orifices of the same diameter d. It may, however, be provided with non-identical opening diameters.
- the flow conduit is provided with two series of injection channels respectively provided with a outlet opening in the combustion zone, the injection channels of each series comprising an inner wall having a sudden enlargement located respectively at a distance from the different outlet openings L12 and L22, said enlargements forming the control orifices.
- the enlargements of each series of injection channels thus have a non-zero longitudinal offset.
- the injection channels comprise a first zone of diameters D11 and D21 and a second zone of diameters D12 and D22 greater than the diameters D11 and D21.
- the second zone of the channels of the first series of injectors having a different length than the channels of the second series of injector. This difference in length has a nonzero offset ⁇ X.
- the diameters D11 and D21 are identical (likewise for D12 and D22), equality being not absolutely necessary.
- control means comprise a panel arranged transversely in the flow conduit, said panel comprising a surface in which are formed wells so as to form transverse surfaces offset from each other each of the surfaces being provided with a control orifice.
- the transverse surfaces comprise the surface of the panel associated with the bottom of the wells.
- the means for controlling the flow of fuel or premix consist mainly of a sudden localized variation of the diameter of the injection channels so as to form, downstream of the variation of the diameter of the injection channels, vortices. moving at the speed of fuel flow or pre-mixing.
- This variation in diameter combined with a position of the variations of each of the channels, offset longitudinally from each other, leads to offset the oscillation of the flames in the combustion zone.
- the flames have a phase shift to compensate for acoustic stresses.
- the invention relates to a combustion system comprising a combustion zone associated with an injection device as described above.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a partial sectional view of a combustion system according to a first configuration of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a partial front view of the combustion system of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 illustrates the combustion system of FIG. 1 operating in stationary mode
- FIG. 4A and 4B show, respectively at time t and the time t + T / 2, the combustion system of Figure 1 operating in forced mode;
- FIG. 5 illustrates a combustion system according to a second configuration of the invention
- FIG. 6 illustrates the combustion system of FIG. 5 operating in stationary mode
- FIG. 7A and 7B show, respectively at time t and the time t + T / 2, the combustion system of Figure 5 operating in forced mode;
- FIG. 8 illustrates a sectional view of a combustion system according to a third configuration of the invention.
- FIG. 9 illustrates the combustion system of FIG. 8 operating in stationary mode
- FIG. 10A and 10B show, respectively at time t and the time t + T / 2, the combustion system of Figure 8 operating in forced mode;
- FIG. 11 illustrates a sectional view of a combustion system according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 12 is a partial front view of the combustion system of Figure 8.
- FIG. 13 illustrates the combustion system of FIG. 12 operating in stationary mode
- FIG. 14A and 14B show, respectively at time t and the time t + T / 2, the combustion system of Figure 12 operating in forced mode;
- FIG. 15 illustrates a sectional view of a combustion system according to a fifth configuration of the invention.
- FIG. 16 illustrates the combustion system of FIG. 15 operating in stationary mode
- - Figures 17A and 17B show, respectively at time t and the time t + T / 2, the combustion system of Figure 16 operating in forced mode;
- FIG. 18 illustrates the oscillatory behavior of the flames in stationary and forced regime in the combustion system of FIGS. 1 to 3 and 4A and 4B when it does not include a diaphragm;
- FIG. 19 illustrates the signal of an acoustic excitation and the associated response of the flames in the combustion system of FIGS. 1 to 3 and
- FIG. 20 illustrates the oscillatory behavior of the stationary and forced-regime flames in the combustion system of FIGS. 1 to 3 and 4A and 4B when the combustion system comprises diaphragms;
- Figure 21 illustrates the signal of an acoustic excitation and the associated response of the flames in the combustion system of Figures 1 to 3 and 4A and 4B when the combustion system has diaphragms.
- a combustion system 1 comprising a fuel inlet chamber 2 and a combustion zone 3, said zones 2, 3 being connected by a plurality of injectors. 4 for injecting into the combustion zone 3 the fuel or a premix of fuel and oxidant.
- Each injector 4 comprises a fuel injection channel 5 provided with an inlet opening 6 opening into the intake chamber 2 and an outlet opening 7 opening into the combustion zone 3.
- the injection channel 5 advantageously has a circular section of diameter D.
- Each injection channel 5 comprises means for controlling the injection of the fuel into the combustion chamber 3.
- the control of the fuel injection is performed by a sudden change in the diameter of the injection channel 5, at a given point in the length of said channel.
- the change of diameter is achieved by means of a diaphragm 9 provided with a preferably central lumen 10.
- the light 10 has a diameter d smaller than the diameter D of the injection channels.
- the thus configured light 10 forms a control port 10 of the associated injection channel.
- the diaphragm 9 is disposed transversely inside the injection channel 5 of the injector 4.
- the combustion system 1 comprises two series of injectors, each series being distinguished by the position of the diaphragms 9 in the associated injection channels 5.
- the combustion system 1 comprises a first series of injectors 4a whose diaphragm 9 is located at a distance X1 from the outlet opening 7 of the injection channel 5a and a second series of injector 4b whose diaphragm 9 is located at a distance X2 from the outlet opening 7 of the injection channel 5b (FIG. 1), the distance X2 being different from the distance X1.
- the diaphragms 9 are arranged offset relative to one another.
- this shift of the diaphragms makes it possible to phase out the flames at the output respectively of the channels 5a and 5b of the first and second series of injector 4a, 4b, so as to eliminate the thermo-acoustic effects of the coupling "combustion / acoustics »of the combustion system 1.
- the choice of distances X1 and X2 is a function of the power of the injectors, and therefore the diameter D of the injectors and the fuel flow through the injectors. More particularly, the distances X1 and X2 are defined as a function of the ratio of the diameter of the control orifices 10 and the injection channels 5a, 5b (d / D) and the average injector flow. They are set up so that, when the combustion system 1 is stationary, the fuel, in the form of jets 8, sticks to the walls of the injection channels before their exit through the opening 7 in the combustion chamber 3 ( Figure 3). Such a configuration thus makes it possible to guarantee an identical pressure drop for the two series of injectors 4a and 4b, providing, in steady state stationary, an outflow in the combustion chamber 3 equal, regardless of the series of injectors.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate the behavior of the combustion system 1 when it is subjected to disturbances 11 of the fuel flow, at different times.
- these disturbances 11 are reflected in particular by fluctuations in the flow rate from the inlet chamber 2 to the passage of the injectors 4a and 4b.
- the frequency f of these disturbances 11 corresponds to one of the acoustic eigen modes of the combustion system 1.
- the associated wavelength is generally large compared to the dimensions of the injector.
- the presence of a diaphragm 9 in the injection channels 5 of each of the injectors 4 imposes a transfer between the acoustic energy and the kinetic energy of the hydrodynamic modes of the flow.
- Convective delay means the ratio of the distance between the diaphragm 9 and the outlet opening of a channel (Xi) with the propagation speed of an annular vortex 12 (Vt).
- a phase shift ⁇ can then be created between the injectors of the first series 4a and the injectors of the second series 4b, where:
- the offset ⁇ X between the diaphragms 9 of the injectors of each series 4a and 4b is then chosen so that, at a given frequency f, the total acoustic flow fluctuation at the inlet chamber 2 gives hydrodynamic fluctuations in opposition to phase of a series of injectors to another at the level of the combustion zone 3.
- the ⁇ X shift thus makes it possible to decouple the flames at the outlet of the first series injectors from the flames at the outlet of the injectors of the second series, and to phase them out.
- the steady-state flames are identical (FIG. 3).
- the flames in forced mode (stresses or acoustic disturbances), the flames have a phase shift compensating the acoustic stresses imposed on the combustion system, and thus prevent the appearance of a clean mode of said system.
- Figure 18 illustrates the oscillatory behavior of stationary (left-hand) and forced (seven-shot from right) flames when injection channels do not have a diaphragm. Without hydrodynamic compensation, it can be observed, under forced conditions, that the flames formed at the outlet of the injection channels oscillate in phase. Similarly, the luminous intensity emitted by the radicals OH *, proportional to the release of the heat, oscillates sinusoidally around the average position (figure 19, signal represented the highest on the graph) in response to a loudspeaker signal (acoustic excitation) (Figure 19, signal shown lowest on the graph): the flames respond to the acoustic excitation.
- FIG. 20 illustrates the oscillatory behavior of the flames in stationary and forced conditions when the injection channels each comprise a diaphragm.
- the channels provided with a hydrodynamic compensation it can be observed an oscillation of the flames in opposition of phase.
- the luminous intensity emitted by the radicals OH * proportional to the release of heat, no longer oscillates around the average position (FIG. 21, signal represented the highest on the graph).
- the flames therefore no longer respond to the acoustic excitation FIG. 21, the signal represented the lowest on the graph) when the injection channels are provided with a diaphragm.
- the average level of heat release is identical to that when the channels do not include a diaphragm. The natural regime is not affected by the presence of diaphragm in the channels.
- the first situation is that of a multi-point injection having injectors of small dimensions (diameter D of the order of 2 millimeters) placed in a system having a natural instability at a frequency f of the order of 500 Hz. absence of hydrodynamic compensation, ie in the absence of injection control means such as diaphragms, the system oscillates at the frequency f of the order of 500 Hz.
- the injection channels 5a, 5b of each of the injectors 4a, 4b are respectively provided of diaphragms 9a, 9b having a diameter d of opening imposing a jet velocity V at said plates of the order of 6 m / s.
- the second situation is that of a multipoint injection having injectors of large dimensions (diameter D of the order of 30 millimeters) placed in a system having a natural instability at a frequency f of the order of 150 Hz. absence of hydrodynamic compensation, this geometry has a natural instability at a frequency f of the order of 150 Hz.
- the channels of each injector are provided with control diaphragms having a diameter d imposing a jet velocity V at the control diaphragms of the order of 15 m / s. Consequently, it is necessary to shift the control plates of the first series of injectors of the second series of injectors by 30 millimeters.
- injectors 4 can be provided, the injection channels 5 of which are provided with a sudden change in diameter (FIGS.
- the injection device will comprise at least two series of injectors 4a, 4b, the injectors of a series differing from another series by the location in the associated channels 5a, 5b of the enlargement of the channel. So :
- the channels 5a of the injectors of a first series 4a comprise a first flow zone of diameter D1 and length L11 and a second flow zone 14 of diameter D2 and length L12, D2 being greater than the diameter D1;
- the channels 5b of the injectors of a second series 4b comprise, for their part, a first flow zone of diameter D1 and length L21 and a second flow zone 14 of diameter D2 and length L22,
- FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate the response of the injectors 4a, 4b of each of the series when the latter are subjected to acoustic stresses coming from the intake chamber 2 (forced regime). Due to the sudden enlargement of the channels, annular vortices 12 are formed in the flow zone 14.
- the injector channel of the first series comprises an enlargement located downstream of that of the injector channel of the second series, the flames 15 formed at the outlet of said injectors have a phase shift which makes it possible, as we have seen previously, to compensate for the acoustic stresses coming from the intake chamber 2.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate the response of the injectors 4a, 4b of each of the series when the latter are subjected to acoustic stresses coming from the intake chamber 2 (forced regime). Due to the sudden enlargement of the channels, annular vortices 12 are formed in the flow zone 14.
- the injector channel of the first series comprises an enlargement located downstream of that of the injector channel of the
- FIG. 7A and 7B illustrate more particularly the flames 15 at the output of the first and second series injectors at time t and at time t + T / 2, the latter being in phase opposition.
- the dimensioning of the difference L12-L22 (that is to say ⁇ X) is done with the same mathematical formula as that used in the first situation.
- Such a configuration is particularly suitable for perforated ceramics radiant panel burners whose injection channels are small.
- control diaphragms 9 in the injection channels upstream of the swirl elements 17 ( Figures 8, 9 and 10A and 10B). These elements make it possible to create low-pressure zones in zone 3, favorable to the attachment of the flames.
- a barrier serving as flame holder.
- the obstacle 18 illustrated in FIGS. 11 to 13 and 14A and 14B consists of a coaxial rod extending longitudinally in the channel. This rod makes it possible to establish a zone of recirculation of the flow favorable to the spatial stabilization of the flame.
- control means consist of a panel 19 disposed transversely in a flow conduit 20 connecting an inlet chamber 21 to a zone 22 where the combustion takes place.
- the panel 19 comprises a surface 23 in which are formed wells 24 so as to form transverse surfaces 23, 25 offset from each other.
- Each of the surfaces 23, 25 is provided with a control orifice 26.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0705344A FR2919348A1 (fr) | 2007-07-23 | 2007-07-23 | Dispositif d'injection d'un combustible ou d'un pre-melange combustible/comburant comprenant des moyens permettant un controle passif des instabilites de combustion |
| PCT/FR2008/001092 WO2009047400A2 (fr) | 2007-07-23 | 2008-07-23 | Dispositif d'injection d'un combustible ou d'un pré-mélange combustible/comburant comprenant des moyens permettant un contrôle passif des instabilités de combustion |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2176591A2 true EP2176591A2 (fr) | 2010-04-21 |
Family
ID=39323799
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08838515A Withdrawn EP2176591A2 (fr) | 2007-07-23 | 2008-07-23 | Dispositif d'injection d'un combustible ou d'un pré-mélange combustible/comburant comprenant des moyens permettant un contrôle passif des instabilités de combustion |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100297566A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2176591A2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2919348A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009047400A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9188340B2 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2015-11-17 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine combustor endcover with adjustable flow restrictor and related method |
| JP6021705B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-22 | 2016-11-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 燃焼器、および、ガスタービン |
| EP2796789B1 (fr) | 2013-04-26 | 2017-03-01 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Chambre de combustion à tubes pour un agencement de chambre de combustion annulaire dans une turbine à gaz |
| JP6679274B2 (ja) * | 2015-11-02 | 2020-04-15 | 国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構 | 噴射装置、燃焼器、ロケットエンジン |
| DE102017212616A1 (de) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-24 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Düsenbaugruppe für eine Brennkammer eines Triebwerks |
| JP2021055971A (ja) * | 2019-10-01 | 2021-04-08 | 三菱パワー株式会社 | ガスタービン燃焼器 |
Family Cites Families (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1529197B1 (de) * | 1966-04-06 | 1970-04-30 | Kurt Krieger | Strahlungsbrenner |
| US3683058A (en) * | 1969-08-25 | 1972-08-08 | Maurice Partiot | Infrared burners and high efficiency radiant plates |
| JPS643407A (en) * | 1987-04-16 | 1989-01-09 | Rinnai Kk | Combustion plate |
| EP0521568B1 (fr) * | 1991-07-05 | 1996-09-18 | Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. | Brûleur à gaz à faible taux de NOx |
| EP0534554B1 (fr) * | 1991-09-24 | 1997-03-26 | Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. | Brûleur à faible génération des oxides d'azote et petit appareil de combustion |
| JP2664010B2 (ja) * | 1992-12-14 | 1997-10-15 | リンナイ株式会社 | 燃焼プレート |
| US5540583A (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 1996-07-30 | Keller; Jay O. | Fuel combustion exhibiting low NOx and CO levels |
| US5943866A (en) * | 1994-10-03 | 1999-08-31 | General Electric Company | Dynamically uncoupled low NOx combustor having multiple premixers with axial staging |
| GB2302401B (en) * | 1995-06-15 | 1999-08-04 | British Gas Plc | Fuel fired burners |
| DE19615910B4 (de) * | 1996-04-22 | 2006-09-14 | Alstom | Brenneranordnung |
| GB9611236D0 (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 1996-07-31 | Bray Burners Ltd | Improvements relating to fuel/air fully pre-mixed burners |
| DE19939235B4 (de) * | 1999-08-18 | 2012-03-29 | Alstom | Verfahren zum Erzeugen von heissen Gasen in einer Verbrennungseinrichtung sowie Verbrennungseinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| GB9929257D0 (en) * | 1999-12-11 | 2000-02-02 | Bray Technologies Plc | Improved burner plaque |
| US6428312B1 (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2002-08-06 | Lochinvar Corporation | Resonance free burner |
| JPWO2003008796A1 (ja) * | 2001-07-16 | 2004-11-11 | 臼井国際産業株式会社 | 燃料圧力脈動抑制システム |
| DE102004033545B4 (de) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-06-14 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Brenner |
| DE102005031231B3 (de) * | 2005-07-01 | 2007-01-11 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Wandstruktur für einen Brenner |
| US7721726B2 (en) * | 2006-01-03 | 2010-05-25 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Gas radiation burner |
| WO2007113130A1 (fr) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-11 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Systeme de bruleur, de preference dans une chambre de bruleur d'une turbine a gaz |
| EP1985926B1 (fr) * | 2007-04-26 | 2018-09-05 | Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. | Équipement de combustion et procédé de combustion |
| US9404441B2 (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2016-08-02 | Aerojet Rocketdyne Of De, Inc. | Low velocity injector manifold for hypergolic rocket engine |
-
2007
- 2007-07-23 FR FR0705344A patent/FR2919348A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-07-23 US US12/670,317 patent/US20100297566A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-07-23 EP EP08838515A patent/EP2176591A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-07-23 WO PCT/FR2008/001092 patent/WO2009047400A2/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009047400A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2919348A1 (fr) | 2009-01-30 |
| WO2009047400A3 (fr) | 2009-06-18 |
| WO2009047400A2 (fr) | 2009-04-16 |
| US20100297566A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
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