EP2176498A2 - Palier de trépan à cônes à roulement et matériaux pour palier - Google Patents

Palier de trépan à cônes à roulement et matériaux pour palier

Info

Publication number
EP2176498A2
EP2176498A2 EP08781770A EP08781770A EP2176498A2 EP 2176498 A2 EP2176498 A2 EP 2176498A2 EP 08781770 A EP08781770 A EP 08781770A EP 08781770 A EP08781770 A EP 08781770A EP 2176498 A2 EP2176498 A2 EP 2176498A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bearing
earth boring
boring bit
journal bearing
journal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08781770A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Anton F. Zahradnik
Terry J. Koltermann
Aaron J. Dick
Don Q. Nguyen
Eric C. Sullivan
Gregory L. Ricks
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baker Hughes Holdings LLC
Original Assignee
Baker Hughes Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baker Hughes Inc filed Critical Baker Hughes Inc
Publication of EP2176498A2 publication Critical patent/EP2176498A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/08—Roller bits
    • E21B10/22—Roller bits characterised by bearing, lubrication or sealing details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • F16C2204/70—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys with chromium as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2352/00—Apparatus for drilling

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a journal bearing for a roller cone bit. Specifically, it concerns a set of bearing element materials, a method of manufacturing the bearing elements, and a manner of securing these bearing elements to a roller cone bit.
  • Drill bits used in drilling of subterranean well bores typically comprise drag bits and roller cone bits.
  • Roller cone bits typically comprise a body having legs extending downward and a head bearing extending from the leg towards the axis of the bit body.
  • Frusto-conically shaped roller cones are rotatably mounted on each of these journals and are included with cutting teeth on the outer surface of these cones. Because of the high stresses incurred during drilling operations, the bearing mating surfaces within the bit require a bearing material or a surface treatment to sustain the loads and extend the bit life.
  • Figure 1 provides in a side cross-sectional view an example of a portion of a roller e rill bit 10.
  • the roller cone 12 mates with the head portion 14.
  • a set of balls 16 is provided in an annular opening formed between the cone 12 and the head 14 and serves as a cone-retention system.
  • a secondary purpose of the balls 16 is to provide a rolling surface for facilitating rotation of the cone 12.
  • Cone bearing surface 13 mates against and rotatably slides about head bearing surface 15.
  • the respective surfaces (13, 15) must accommodate the high stress during the respective loading and rotation of these elements.
  • journal bearing element 18 is disposed in a recess 19 circumferentially formed within the head section 14.
  • the journal bearing element 18 accommodates the cone 12 rotation and the forces that the cone 12 may exert on the head section 14.
  • the material used in forming the journal bearing element 18 varies; some are hard substances while others are soft, such as bronze and beryllium copper.
  • FIG 2 an example of a journal bearing element 18 is illustrated in a perspective view.
  • the journal bearing element 18 is not a continuous ring but includes a separation 20 along the circumference of the journal bearing element 18. The separation 20 allows the journal bearing element 18 to be temporarily deformed during installation so it can be placed in the recess 19.
  • journal bearing element 18 can still rotate relative to the head 14 because one of the two bearing surfaces (13,19) is still rotatable. While the embodiment of Figure 1 does provide some redundancy in situations where seizing may occur between the journal bearing element 18 and one of the opposing surfaces (13, 19), journal bearing element 18 addition complicates the design with regards to tolerances.
  • the invention described herein provides increased bearing precision and wear resistance over that of the prior art.
  • the disclosure herein provides embodiments of a journal bearing for use in a roller cone bit and includes a manner of attaching a journal bearing element onto the head section of a drill bit.
  • the journal bearing element included herein may prevent rotation of the journal bearing element.
  • the sliding surfaces will be on the outer circumference of the journal bearing element and the inner surface of the roller cone.
  • Methods of adhering the journal bearing element to the head include welding, brazing, gluing, the use of pins or dowels, an interference or press fit, splines transverse to the journal bearing circumference, and keys or key ways formed for insertion between the journal bearing element and the head section.
  • journal bearing element is fixed in place relative to the head section and may optionally be comprised of dense high purity powdered metal alloys with uniform micro-structure. These powdered metal alloys may optionally be of a class that contains vanadium. A second optional class of materials would include a cobalt-chromium-tungsten alloy with high carbon content.
  • Figure l is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a roller cone bit.
  • Figure 2 is a view of a j ournal bearing element with a single separation.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of a bit body head section.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a journal bearing portion of a head section consistent with the present disclosure.
  • Figure 5 is a view of a journal bearing element as embodied in the present disclosure.
  • Figure 6. is a perspective view of an embodiment of a journal bearing element coupled to a journal.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective partial sectional view of the embodiment of Figure 6.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective partial sectional view of a journal bearing element coupled to a journal.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective partial sectional view of a journal bearing element coupled to a journal.
  • Figure 10 is a sectional view of a bit body head section.
  • Figure 3 is a partial sectional view of an earth-boring bit 21 having a journal bearing element 28 as described herein. While Figure 3 only illustrates a single section, the bit 21 may comprise two or more sections welded together to form the composite bit 21.
  • the earth-boring bit 21 has bit body 23 with a threaded upper portion 25 for connecting to a drill string member (not shown) and a leg section 22 having a cutting cone 41 attached thereon.
  • a fluid passage 27 directs drilling fluid to a nozzle (not shown) that impinges drilling fluid against the borehole bottom to flush cuttings to the surface of the earth.
  • a pressure compensating lubrication system 31 may optionally be contained within each section of the bit 21.
  • a lubrication passage 33 extends downwardly to a ball plug 35, which is secured to the body 21 by a plug weld 37.
  • a third lubrication passage (not shown) carries lubricant to a bearing surface between a bearing shaft 39, which is cantilevered downwardly and inwardly from an outer and lower region of the body 23 of the bit 21.
  • the ball plug 37 retains a series of ball bearings 40 rotatably secured to the cutter cone 41 and to the bearing shaft 39.
  • Dispersed in the cutter cone 41 are a plurality of rows of earth disintegrating cutting elements or teeth 42 securable by interference fit in mating holes of the cutter cone 41.
  • An elastomeric O-ring seal 43 is received within a recess 44 formed in the journal bearing shaft 39.
  • Figure 4 provides a perspective view of an embodiment of a portion of the earth boring bit 21 of Figure 3.
  • Figure 4 illustrates in more detail an example of a journal bearing portion of the leg section 22 in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the leg section 22 is shown in perspective view having the bearing shaft 39 which comprises a base for the cutter cone 41.
  • the bearing shaft 39 includes a journal section 26 having a recess 44 circumscribing the outer circumference of the bearing shaft 39.
  • the recess 44 includes a bearing surface 47 ( Figure 3) on its lower surface formed to receive a journal bearing element 28 thereon.
  • Adjacent the journal section 26 is a ball race 30 formed to receive the ball bearings 40 connecting the leg section 22 to the cutter cone 41.
  • journal bearing element 28 is a cylindrical body having an inner surface 48 (Figure 3) that couples with the bearing surface 47.
  • First and second lateral sides (45, 46) extend from the inner surface 48 and terminate at an outer surface 49.
  • At least one separation 32 is shown along the circumference of the journal bearing element 28.
  • the journal bearing element 28 may be affixed to the journal section 26 by means of brazing, gluing, soldering, or welding either individually or in combination with other coupling means as illustrated in Figure 5.
  • the journal bearing element 28 may comprise multiple sections or members. Each individual member is curvilinear and having a radius of curvature that circumscribes the bearing shaft 39 when the members are arranged around the bearing surface of the bearing shaft 39.
  • the term coupling means joining the journal bearing element 28 to a bearing shaft 39 where some or no degrees of freedom exist between the element 28 and the bearing shaft 39.
  • coupling includes preventing the journal bearing element 28 from sliding within the recess 44 circumferentially around the bearing shaft 39 but yet allowing the journal bearing element 28 to be removed from the bearing shaft 39.
  • Coupling also includes preventing relative sliding but allowing axial movement as well as totally affixing the journal bearing element 28 to the bearing shaft.
  • Coupling a single member of a multi -member journal bearing element 28 to the bearing surface 47 within the recess 44 precludes the other members from sliding when adjacent members abut at a split section 32.
  • the journal bearing element 28, or the individual members may also be coupled to prevent sliding in a lateral direction
  • Figure 6 illustrates an alternative coupling element embodiment for coupling a journal bearing element 28a to the bearing shaft 39; in this embodiment a dowel 34 is inserted through a bore 62 formed in the journal bearing element 28. Illustrated in a perspective partial sectional view in Figure 7, the bore 62 through the journal bearing element 28 registers with a corresponding bore 60 formed through the bearing surface 47 on the journal section 26.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective partial sectional view of a coupling device comprising a key 36 that couples the journal bearing element 28 to the journal section 26. The key 36 is inserted into a passage formed by aligning a channel 56 in the journal bearing element 28 with a channel 54 formed in the journal section 26.
  • Another coupling device embodiment is presented in perspective partial sectional view in Figure 8.
  • a raised profile 38 having a semi-circular cross section is provided on the journal bearing element 28 inner circumference that protrudes into a similarly shaped indentation 52 on the journal section 26 outer circumference.
  • Engaging the profile 38 with the indentation 52 couples the journal bearing element 28 with the journal section 26 to prevent circumferential sliding of the journal bearing element 28 over the journal section 26.
  • the profile 38 and indentation 52 of Figure 8 are not limited to semi-circular embodiments, but can include rectangular, triangular, elliptical, and other shapes. It should be pointed out that coupling the journal bearing element 28 to the journal section 26 may allow lateral tilting of the journal bearing element 28 with respect to the journal section 26.
  • first lateral side 45 or second lateral side 46 may experience radial movement away from the journal section 26.
  • the coupling devices described herein can be disposed proximate or at the first and second lateral sides (45, 46) of the journal bearing element 28.
  • a substantial portion of the indentation/profile, channel/key, and bore/dowel configurations may reside between the first and second lateral sides (45, 46).
  • Figure 5 provides a view of an embodiment of a multi-section journal bearing element 28.
  • the journal bearing element 28 comprises three sections abutted at split sections 32.
  • coupling at least one of the sections to a corresponding bearing shaft 39 prevents the remaining sections from circumferential sliding.
  • the use of silver plating on the inner circumference of a corresponding cone may be employed with the journal bearing element 28 described herein.
  • journal bearing element 28a An optional embodiment of a journal bearing element 28a is provided in a side sectional view in Figure 10.
  • the journal bearing element 28a illustrated comprises a single circular member and mates over the journal section 26 outer diameter rather than in a recess.
  • the bearing 28a is installed on the bit 21 by slipping it over the free end of the bearing shaft 39 and sliding the journal bearing element 28a adjacent the journal bearing surface 47.
  • the journal bearing element 28a can be coupled to the journal section 26 in any of the above described manners.
  • the material used in making the journal bearing element 28 of the present device may be any suitable material; examples of materials include steels, stainless steels, and hard metal alloys including various Stellite® alloys.
  • a material formed using a powdered metal manufacturing technique may be used for the journal bearing element 28.
  • a high vanadium content stainless steel powder could be used in conjunction with a powdered metal manufacturing technique to form a suitable bearing element.
  • high vanadium content includes a composition, such as metal or metal powders having about 3% by weight or more of vanadium.
  • Alternative values for vanadium content include 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8% by weight, and all values of weight percentages between.
  • Another set of powered metal alloys for use in making the journal bearing herein e ⁇ bed includes a cobalt-chromium-tungsten-carbon alloy.
  • the alloy may have a carbon content of about 1.2% by weight or greater.
  • the powder compositions described herein may utilize "master melt" compositions wherein all particles have essentially the same chemistry. Using a solid state consolidation technique, such as sintered-hot-isostatic-pressing, maintains homogeneity of the final product thereby producing a solid material without voids.
  • bit components could be made from the compositions described herein. Those components include any load bearing surface within the roller cone bit including thrust surfaces; additionally, pilot pin elements could also be manufactured using the compositions cited herein.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément de palier lisse à utiliser dans la formation d'un trépan à cônes à rouleau couplé à un arbre de palier pour empêcher un glissement circonférentiel. Sont également inclues des compositions de matériau de l'élément de palier lisse. Un élément de palier lisse est fixé en place relativement à une section de tête. L'élément est composé d'alliages de métal en poudre de haute pureté denses de microstructure uniforme, ou, de préférence, d'un matériau constitué à environ 2,3 % en poids de carbone, à environ 14 % en poids de chrome, à environ 9 % en poids de vanadium et à environ 1 % en poids de molybdène.
EP08781770A 2007-07-13 2008-07-14 Palier de trépan à cônes à roulement et matériaux pour palier Withdrawn EP2176498A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US94975607P 2007-07-13 2007-07-13
PCT/US2008/069925 WO2009012196A2 (fr) 2007-07-13 2008-07-14 Palier de trépan à cônes à roulement et matériaux pour palier

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2176498A2 true EP2176498A2 (fr) 2010-04-21

Family

ID=39873623

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08781770A Withdrawn EP2176498A2 (fr) 2007-07-13 2008-07-14 Palier de trépan à cônes à roulement et matériaux pour palier

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20090014217A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2176498A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009012196A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7472764B2 (en) * 2005-03-25 2009-01-06 Baker Hughes Incorporated Rotary drill bit shank, rotary drill bits so equipped, and methods of manufacture
US8196682B2 (en) * 2007-07-13 2012-06-12 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth boring bit with wear resistant bearing and seal
WO2011050064A1 (fr) 2009-10-21 2011-04-28 Fluor Technologies Corporation Tours hybrides haubanées et maintenues à flot et tubes prolongateurs en eaux profondes
CN107709691A (zh) 2015-07-21 2018-02-16 哈里伯顿能源服务公司 具有非对称滚珠座圈和延伸摩擦座圈的牙轮钻头轴颈
US11131148B2 (en) * 2019-06-27 2021-09-28 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc Seal assembly for use in earth-boring rotary tools in subterranean boreholes and related methods

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2858151A (en) * 1954-12-02 1958-10-28 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Impeller fastening means with j-shaped keyway
US2901300A (en) * 1956-04-25 1959-08-25 Pure Carbon Company Inc Controlled clearance carbon bearings

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2013839A (en) * 1933-01-16 1935-09-10 Rowland O Pickin Roller drilling bit
US2081201A (en) * 1934-05-25 1937-05-25 Globe Oil Tools Co Core drill head
US2086682A (en) * 1936-02-29 1937-07-13 Hughes Tool Co Pilot bearing for drill cutters
US3917361A (en) * 1974-01-30 1975-11-04 Reed Tool Co Friction bearing
US4176724A (en) * 1977-11-14 1979-12-04 Smith International, Inc. Rotary rock bit and method of making same
US4260203A (en) * 1979-09-10 1981-04-07 Smith International, Inc. Bearing structure for a rotary rock bit
US6053264A (en) * 1997-05-15 2000-04-25 Sunrise Enterprises, Llc Cutter head mounting for drill bit
US6742608B2 (en) * 2002-10-04 2004-06-01 Henry W. Murdoch Rotary mine drilling bit for making blast holes
US20060279412A1 (en) * 2005-06-13 2006-12-14 Holland Joshua H System for using RFID tags as data storage devices
US7387177B2 (en) * 2006-10-18 2008-06-17 Baker Hughes Incorporated Bearing insert sleeve for roller cone bit

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2858151A (en) * 1954-12-02 1958-10-28 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Impeller fastening means with j-shaped keyway
US2901300A (en) * 1956-04-25 1959-08-25 Pure Carbon Company Inc Controlled clearance carbon bearings

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20090014217A1 (en) 2009-01-15
WO2009012196A4 (fr) 2009-04-30
WO2009012196A3 (fr) 2009-03-05
WO2009012196A2 (fr) 2009-01-22

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