EP2174145A1 - A moisture monitoring system for buildings - Google Patents
A moisture monitoring system for buildingsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2174145A1 EP2174145A1 EP08783305A EP08783305A EP2174145A1 EP 2174145 A1 EP2174145 A1 EP 2174145A1 EP 08783305 A EP08783305 A EP 08783305A EP 08783305 A EP08783305 A EP 08783305A EP 2174145 A1 EP2174145 A1 EP 2174145A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- moisture
- building
- detectors
- zone
- conductors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
- G01N27/121—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity, of the fluid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/16—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
- G01M3/165—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means by means of cables or similar elongated devices, e.g. tapes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/18—Status alarms
- G08B21/20—Status alarms responsive to moisture
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system for monitoring structures for the presence and accumulation of moisture. It has particular application to monitoring residential and commercial buildings for undesired water ingress. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
- a critical parameter is the ability of the building materials to store and then disperse excess moisture. When not overwhelmed, buildings can absorb and manage a quantity of moisture. It is only when moisture levels accumulate to a critical level over a measured period of time that issues causing moisture related mould and damage arise.
- Water can collect in a building envelope as a result of infiltration or exfiltration and condensation. Rain storms and condensation can result in small amounts of water leaking into a limited number of locations in the wall and roof assemblies.
- the building is able to absorb and eliminate limited amounts of moisture. This wetting and drying process is within the normal performance parameters of the building enclosure and should not result in a threshold alarm. Warning of excess moisture levels should be issued only when moisture accumulates and grows in area over an extended period of time.
- US Patent 4,502,044 (Farris) issued Feb 26 th 1985 discloses a plurality of sensor elements defined by side by side pairs of conductors which are adapted to be mounted in two walls of a building and which connect to a central control unit.
- the control unit uses a transistor which acts to detect when voltage across a resistor reaches a value sufficient to turn on the transistor to emit an alarm signal.
- US Patent 5,081 ,422 (Shih) issued Jan 14 th 1992 discloses in general a plurality of moisture sensor elements each defined by a side by side pairs of conductors which have a resistance characteristic which varies in relation to a moisture content. Shih also discloses the use of probes which are connected to the wires and are driven into the material on which the wires are attached.
- a moisture detection sensor is used in a building structure to detect moisture penetration.
- the sensor is a flat adhesive tape of a substrate of dielectric, hydrophobic material.
- Three or four elongate, parallel, conductors are secured to the top surface and a protective layer of non-hygroscopic, water pervious material is secured over two of the conductors so that they are exposed to surface moisture.
- One or two of the conductors are covered by an insulating layer to prevent moisture access.
- a diode guide arrangement allows a monitoring unit to monitor the exposed conductors for surface moisture and the penetrated conductors for moisture in the component by reversing polarity of the voltage across the conductors.
- a building monitoring system which monitors selected zones in a building structure for the presence of moisture.
- the system uses multiple moisture detectors, each installed in the structure at a location to be monitored.
- a remote sensor unit is associated with each zone to be monitored and is coupled to the detectors in the associated zone.
- the sensor unit generates an alarm signal having a characteristic uniquely representing the sensor unit and any wet detector to pinpoint any leakage problem.
- a monitoring unit receives alarm signals from the sensor units, decodes the alarm signals and generates an alarm report reporting the existence and location of any leakage.
- the present invention proposes a system whereby moisture detectors can be integrated extensively into a building structure to monitor for water ingress, where the sensors are monitored for moisture levels on the surface of and interior to building components such as sheathing.
- a method of monitoring moisture in a building comprising: providing a plurality of moisture detectors, each having a detector parameter with a range of values ranging from a dry value in the absence of moisture and different wet values in the presence of moisture depending on the quantity of moisture; dividing the building into a plurality of zones; providing a plurality of sensor units each associated with a respective one of said zones; locating the moisture detectors such that each zone contains at least one of the moisture detectors; connecting each sensor unit to said at least one of the moisture detector in the respective zone; providing a common monitoring unit for cooperation with a plurality of the sensor units; causing the common monitoring unit to periodically poll each of the sensor units to obtain the value of the detector parameter of said at least one moisture detector connected thereto; and performing a risk assessment calculation of potential damage for at least a part of the building using the values from the moisture detectors for the zones in said at least a part; wherein the risk assessment calculation is calculated using the following formula:
- REL is the potential average accumulated over all zones in an elevation
- m is the number days
- n is the total number of zones in the evaluation
- LR k (i) which is derived from building science modeling for mold and/or timber decay fungi growth, is the potential for the growth of mold and/or timber decay fungi on the im day in the k th zone as a function of the average moisture content obtained from the values of the moisture detectors and temperature during the day.
- the building is divided into a plurality of separate parts to be included in a separate risk assessment calculation and wherein each part includes a plurality of zones each having a plurality of moisture detectors.
- the risk assessment calculation uses modeling to determine a risk factor for growth of mold.
- the modeling may be taken from Sedlbauer, K Krus M, ZiIIi, W et al 2001 Mold growth prediction by Computational Simulation.
- ASHRAE- general IAQ 201 San Francisco, or from Smith, SL and Hill ST 1982 Influence of Temperature and Water activity on Germination and Growth of Aspergillus Restrictus and Aspergillus Versicolr Trans Br Mycol Soc 79 (3) pp 558 to 560, to which reference may be made.
- the risk assessment calculation can use modeling to determine a risk factor for growth of timber decay fungi.
- the modeling may be taken from Winandy JE and Morell JJ 1992 Relationship between Incipient Decay, Strength and Chemical Composition of Douglas Fir Heartwood Wood Fiber Science VoI 25 (3) pp 278 to 288 to 560, to which reference may be made.
- the moisture detectors comprise a tape having at least two, three or four parallel spaced conductors thereon and a plurality of probes inserted through the conductors at spaced positions therealong
- the moisture level calculation input into the above algorithm takes into account the number of probes on the tape
- the number of probes is input to the initial calculation of resistance
- the moisture level calculation used as input data for the above algorithm uses moisture-resistance curves selected in relation to the particular material on which the tape is applied.
- the tape is located at the floor plate of a wall in the zone.
- the tape may be located under penetrations such as a window of a wall in the zone.
- each sensor unit is operable when polled to respond to a coded signal having a characteristic uniquely representing the sensor unit.
- the tape includes two conductors through which the probes are inserted.
- the tape may include two conductors for surface moisture and two conductors through which the probes are inserted for material moisture.
- the sensor unit associated with each said zone is coupled to one or more of the detectors in the associated zone, the sensor unit being operable to respond to a coded signal having a characteristic uniquely representing the sensor unit.
- the currently preferred embodiments of the invention include a monitoring circuit connecting the remote sensors for delivering power and actuation signals to the sensors and delivering moisture measurement signals from the sensor units to the monitoring unit. It is also possible to provide wireless communication between the sensor units and the monitoring unit, but an alternative sensor powering system would be required
- the monitoring unit or a centrally located monitoring center which receives sensor information from a plurality of monitoring units, performs a risk assessment calculation using the moisture level reading for each sensor zone, the number of sensor zones that are responding with higher than normal moisture levels, and the number of consecutive time periods that the sensor zone has reported high moisture levels
- This system and risk assessment method allows the identification of the presence of critical moisture exposure at any area in the building where a detector is located, allowing maintenance personnel to identify and ameliorate leakage before it becomes a problem while avoiding the problem of overreaction that results from threshold based moisture alarm systems
- the output from the sensors can be arranged and configured so that areas of concern are mapped out on an image of the building plan and elevations for visual display to the user of the building performance
- the detectors which are fully described in the above applications of the present Applicants include tapes constructed with a pair of copper conductors laid parallel on a dielectric substrate In a dry state the detection tape appears as an open circuit Water bridging the space between the conductors will produce a conductive path between the conductors having a resistance in the order of a few thousand ohms or less, the detector parameter is in this case electrical resistance, although other parameters, particularly electrical parameters may be used depending on the design of the detectors As described in the earlier patent applications, the detectors may also include substrate penetrating probes for detecting absorbed moisture in structural components.
- the detectors, sensor units and monitoring circuit are installed in the building structure at the time of construction and remain in place for the life of the structure.
- Each sensor unit is assigned to a particular building area, with the associated detector tapes located at respective critical zones where water problems may occur within that area.
- the sensor units are connected in series in the monitoring circuit.
- each senor unit transmits several signals representing respectively the moisture levels of the detectors connected to the input ports.
- up to one hundred sensor units can be placed on a single monitoring circuit, thus enabling the monitoring of a large number of zones in various building areas, each with a unique digital code.
- the computer-controlled monitoring unit applies a low voltage powering DC across the monitoring circuit to energize the sensor units.
- the same circuit is used to receive the coded signals from the sensor units and to test for continuity and functionality of the circuit.
- a sensor unit applies a measuring voltage to the moisture-detection conductors.
- the resistance of the conductive path in each detector connected to the sensor is measured and the value transmitted back to the monitoring unit.
- the zone code is unique and is linked to a database preprogrammed into the monitoring unit to correlate moisture levels, the zone codes and the monitored zones. A risk assessment is then calculated and a report is then generated by the monitoring unit detailing the exact location of any area in the building requiring attention.
- the present invention preferably uses as detectors the moisture detection tape and probes of the above mentioned patent applications.
- Each tape is connected to a sensing input of a remote zone sensor that assigns a digitally coded address to the zone to be monitored.
- the remote zone sensor reports over a pair of monitoring conductors to a computer-based monitoring system.
- the monitoring system energizes the monitoring conductors and checks for moisture levels at regular intervals.
- Figure 1 is an illustration of the monitoring system as typically installed in a building.
- Figure 2 is an illustration of the functional design of the sensor unit.
- Figure 3 is a diagram of the logic flow during the calculation of the REL value for a selected building assembly.
- the building installed components include the computer based building monitoring unit 1 , a plurality of sensor units 2 each having a plurality of inputs 4 for connection to individual moisture detectors 5, and a communication and sensor powering bus 3.
- the building monitoring unit 1 is linked to the monitoring center 6 via the internet 7 or other suitable network link.
- the building monitoring unit 1 polls the sensor units 2 which then initiate a measurement sequence measuring the individual moisture detectors 5.
- the sensor units 2 transmit the measured value along with the input identification code back to the monitoring unit 1. This sequence is repeated until all the sensors on the bus 3 have been queried.
- the measured values from the moisture detector zones are then forwarded to the monitoring center 6.
- the monitoring center computer 6 calculates the REL level and reports the results.
- the building is divided into separate areas defined by the four separate elevations of the building since these are responsive to different weather effects.
- the detailed operation of the sensor unit 2 is illustrated.
- Individual moisture detectors 5 are connected to one of the sensor input ports 4.
- the input ports 4 are terminated on an input selector switch 10.
- the control and A/D circuits 1 1 select the input port 4 to be tested and apply a measuring voltage to the selected port.
- the measured analog value is converted to a digital value by the A/D converter 11 and forwarded to the transceiver 12.
- the transceiver relays the data to the building monitoring unit for processing and storage.
- the described communication and control between the monitoring center, building monitoring unit and sensor units can be accomplished using wireless networks.
- the communication between the building monitoring unit and sensor unit can be implemented using a wireless mesh network which would provide a robust link between the units.
- the flow chart details the double numerical integration method used to calculate the REL value.
- the monitoring center collects the data from all the monitored detection zones in every monitored building. The collected data from individual buildings is processed to evaluate the REL level. The number of zones (n) of the building and number of days (m) to be included in the calculation are inputted into the initial conditions and the analysis initiated 13.
- Counter k is set to 1 by at step 15.
- Counter i is set to 1 at step 18.
- the process is then directed back to step 16 where i is tested for a value of n and then passed onto steps 18 to 20 until i reaches the value of n.
- i is reset to a value of 0 at step 17 and the process is directed to step 14 where k is tested for a value of m and the incremented by a value of 1 at step 15.
- a report of the results is then generated for review.
- the report containing the REL is generated monthly.
- a period over which it is necessary for the moisture to be present is at least 7 days bearing in mind that the probability of damage or the REL is low when only a single time period or a small number of such time periods of moisture penetration is involved.
- the present arrangement provides a system for a more effective prediction of damage to the building thus replacing the conventional mere threshold driven techniques of the prior art where a single penetration leads to an alarm condition regardless of the likelihood of actual damage occurring requiring remedial work to overcome the problem
- Other mathematical computation methods may be used to generate a value for REL.
- the method given above is a step wise numerical integration technique.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002596212A CA2596212C (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2007-08-03 | A moisture monitoring system for buildings |
PCT/CA2008/001394 WO2009018650A1 (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2008-08-01 | A moisture monitoring system for buildings |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2174145A1 true EP2174145A1 (en) | 2010-04-14 |
EP2174145A4 EP2174145A4 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
Family
ID=38988224
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08783305.9A Withdrawn EP2174145A4 (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2008-08-01 | A moisture monitoring system for buildings |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2174145A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008286218A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2596212C (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ582778A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009018650A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2695270C (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2018-02-27 | Gamal K. Mustapha | Apparatus, system and method for detecting defects in building structures |
BE1019076A3 (en) | 2010-01-12 | 2012-02-07 | Patrick Moutschen | PREFABRICATED CONTROL ELEMENT FOR A HOUSE WITH WOOD FRAME WITH INTEGRATED HUMIDITY DETECTION. |
EP2387015A1 (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2011-11-16 | Fundacion Cidemco | System for remotely monitoring the moisture content in wood elements |
US9719951B1 (en) | 2013-07-12 | 2017-08-01 | Helvetia Wireless Llc | Method and apparatus for moisture detection |
US10949923B1 (en) | 2013-09-16 | 2021-03-16 | Allstate Insurance Company | Home device sensing |
US10430887B1 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2019-10-01 | Allstate Insurance Company | Device sensing |
US10380692B1 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2019-08-13 | Allstate Insurance Company | Home device sensing |
US10467701B1 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2019-11-05 | Allstate Insurance Company | Home event detection and processing |
GB2524288A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-23 | Nokia Technologies Oy | An apparatus and associated methods |
US9910003B1 (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2018-03-06 | Helvetia Wireless, Llc | Methods and apparatus for a moisture detector |
NO345077B1 (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2020-09-21 | Berge As | A sensor apparatus and a system for monitoring environmental parameters |
CN111724572A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-09-29 | 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 | Water seepage early warning management method, equipment, device, computer equipment and storage medium |
CA3209540A1 (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2022-09-09 | Pierre-Etienne Bindschedler | Automatic or at least semi-automatic system and method for detecting and flagging a leak in roofing |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6704681B1 (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2004-03-09 | Envirnomics Southwest, Llc | Method and apparatus for sensing microbial growth conditions |
WO2005010837A2 (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2005-02-03 | Detec Systems Llc | Moisture detection sensors for building structures |
US20070026107A1 (en) * | 2005-04-19 | 2007-02-01 | Iaq Laboratories International, Llc | System and Method for Predicting Mold Growth in an Environment |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6377181B1 (en) * | 2001-02-05 | 2002-04-23 | Dryvit Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for moisture detection in exterior sheathing of residential and commercial buildings |
US6995676B2 (en) * | 2002-05-28 | 2006-02-07 | Mark Amacher | Moisture detection and location system |
US7814582B2 (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2010-10-19 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | System and method for measuring and monitoring overflow or wetness conditions in a washroom |
US20060092031A1 (en) * | 2004-11-02 | 2006-05-04 | Vokey David E | Building monitoring system |
US7230528B2 (en) * | 2005-09-20 | 2007-06-12 | Lawrence Kates | Programmed wireless sensor system |
US7142123B1 (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2006-11-28 | Lawrence Kates | Method and apparatus for detecting moisture in building materials |
-
2007
- 2007-08-03 CA CA002596212A patent/CA2596212C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-08-01 NZ NZ582778A patent/NZ582778A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-08-01 EP EP08783305.9A patent/EP2174145A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-08-01 AU AU2008286218A patent/AU2008286218A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-08-01 WO PCT/CA2008/001394 patent/WO2009018650A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6704681B1 (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2004-03-09 | Envirnomics Southwest, Llc | Method and apparatus for sensing microbial growth conditions |
WO2005010837A2 (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2005-02-03 | Detec Systems Llc | Moisture detection sensors for building structures |
US20070026107A1 (en) * | 2005-04-19 | 2007-02-01 | Iaq Laboratories International, Llc | System and Method for Predicting Mold Growth in an Environment |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
ROWAN N J ET AL: "Prediction of toxigenic fungal growth of buildings by using a novel modelling system", APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 65, no. 11, November 1999 (1999-11), pages 4814-4821, XP003010202, ISSN: 0099-2240 * |
See also references of WO2009018650A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NZ582778A (en) | 2011-08-26 |
AU2008286218A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
CA2596212C (en) | 2009-02-03 |
CA2596212A1 (en) | 2008-01-27 |
EP2174145A4 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
WO2009018650A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
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