EP2174104A1 - Dispositif de détection bispectrale et détecteur bispectral comportant un tel dispositif - Google Patents
Dispositif de détection bispectrale et détecteur bispectral comportant un tel dispositifInfo
- Publication number
- EP2174104A1 EP2174104A1 EP08806060A EP08806060A EP2174104A1 EP 2174104 A1 EP2174104 A1 EP 2174104A1 EP 08806060 A EP08806060 A EP 08806060A EP 08806060 A EP08806060 A EP 08806060A EP 2174104 A1 EP2174104 A1 EP 2174104A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bispectral
- matrix
- radiation
- substrate
- detector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/10—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors
- G01J5/20—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors using resistors, thermistors or semiconductors sensitive to radiation, e.g. photoconductive devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0208—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using focussing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or mirrors; performing aberration correction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0256—Compact construction
- G01J3/0259—Monolithic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/30—Measuring the intensity of spectral lines directly on the spectrum itself
- G01J3/36—Investigating two or more bands of a spectrum by separate detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
- G01J5/0801—Means for wavelength selection or discrimination
- G01J5/0802—Optical filters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
- G01J5/0806—Focusing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or concave mirrors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of bispectral imaging, and more particularly infrared imaging and visible imaging respectively performed using a matrix of bolometric elements and a matrix of photoelectric elements.
- bispectral detection in these two spectral bands is usually performed by means of two sensors. Each sensor is dedicated to a particular type of radiation and is placed in a specific optical channel.
- this type of bispectral detector requires adjustment of the optical centers and axes of the two optical channels to ensure that the sensors are observing the same scene.
- spatial harmonization This type of adjustment, referred to as “spatial harmonization”, is usually tricky. In addition, it needs to be reiterated regularly due to vibration or shock experienced by the detector, which misalign the optical pathways.
- a bispectral detector has been designed in which a matrix of photoelectric elements is positioned below a matrix of bolometric microbonts, so as to form a matrix of bispectral detection elements.
- a matrix of photoelectric elements is positioned below a matrix of bolometric microbonts, so as to form a matrix of bispectral detection elements.
- Such a detector is for example described in US 6,320,189.
- This detector of which a bispectral detection element is illustrated in FIG. 1, comprises a CMOS or CCD type multiplexing circuit 1, formed in a substrate, an insulating layer 2 covering the circuit 1, and a bolometric microbridge 4 for the detection infrared radiation.
- the microbridge 4 comprises a thin bolometric layer 9, made absorbent to infrared radiation, electrodes 7, extended by heat-insulating arms 8, and supports 5 of the layer 9 and electrodes 5, providing support for these as well as the electrical connection of the electrodes 7 to the multiplexing circuit 1 via metal connections 6.
- a reflective layer 3 is also provided below the layer 9, so as to form therewith a quarter-wave plate, increasing the sensitivity of the bolometric detector to infrared radiation.
- the thin bolometric layer 9, the electrodes 7, the reflecting layer 3 and the insulating layer 2 are made of materials at least partially transparent to the visible radiation so as to let a portion of this radiation pass through so that it can be detected by the photoelectric element 10.
- the detector thus formed is placed in the focal plane of an optic, with the microbreaks 4 placed on the optical side.
- Radiation comprising an infrared component (IR) and a visible component (VIS) and incident, via the optics, on the detector on the side of the microbridge 4, then sees its IR component captured by it, while the part of the component VIS, which has managed to penetrate to the photoelectric element 10, is captured by the latter.
- IR infrared component
- VIS visible component
- this type of superimposed matrix detector requires quality optics, and therefore expensive, to be able to have a focus of infrared and visible radiation in the restricted area of the space that contains the two matrices.
- the object of the present invention is to solve the aforementioned problems by providing a bispectral detector that does not require an optical channel for each type of detection, while guaranteeing optimum efficiency and resolution for each type of detection.
- the subject of the invention is a bispectral detection device, in particular an infrared radiation and a visible radiation, comprising:
- bolometric microponts sensitive to infrared radiation
- the bolometric microbonts being suspended above a first face of the substrate via support and connection arms
- a matrix of photoelectric elements produced within the substrate and sensitive to visible radiation, the bolometric microbonts and the photoelectric elements being superimposed.
- the portion of the substrate between the matrix of photoelectric elements and a second face of the substrate, opposite the first face thereof, is thinned so that the photoelectric elements are able to detect incident visible radiation. on the second side.
- the detection of the visible is made possible by the rear face of the device.
- the visible radiation therefore does not cross the constituent materials of the bolometric detector and is not attenuated by them before being detected. In addition, it can no longer be caused by a parasitic heating of the bolometric detector.
- the device comprises one or more of the following characteristics:
- the thickness of said thinned portion of the substrate is about 15 micrometers
- the substrate comprises a matrix of microlenses arranged on the second face of the substrate, each microlens being arranged opposite a photoelectric element, it comprises an encapsulation box in which at least the substrate and the detection matrices are encapsulated respectively infrared radiation and visible radiation, each of whose faces opposite a matrix is transparent at least to the radiation to which the matrix is sensitive, said face comprising a radiation selection filter to which the matrix is sensitive;
- the internal space of the encapsulation box is placed under vacuum or under a controlled atmosphere which is not very conducive to heat, and
- the invention also relates to a bispectral detector for magnetic radiation, which according to the invention comprises: a device of the aforementioned type, and
- optical means capable of directing and focusing on a matrix of the device at least a portion of a radiation incident on the side of the other matrix of the device.
- the two faces detect, for each point of the observed scene, the visible and infrared components from this point. It therefore has only one optical channel for two distinct detections, which confers on the device the spatiotemporal coherence. Moreover, it becomes possible to use an optical focusing system for each matrix, and thus to define two distinct focusing planes.
- the detector comprises one or more of the following characteristics:
- the optical means comprise a concave mirror, the matrix being arranged in a focal plane of the concave mirror;
- the detector comprises means for adjusting the position of the matrix;
- the detector comprises means for selecting the electromagnetic radiation to which the matrix is sensitive, said means being placed on an optical path towards it;
- the optical means form the bottom of a general housing in which the above-mentioned detection device is placed, the top of the housing being at least partially transparent to the infrared radiation and at least partially transparent to the visible radiation, and advantageously, the top of the housing comprises an optical focusing of the radiation which is sensitive to one of the matrices, arranged in relation thereto, and, juxtaposed with the optics, a radiation selection filter which is sensitive to the matrix, arranged opposite the optical means of focusing • the interior of the housing is placed under vacuum or under a controlled atmosphere with little heat conductivity.
- Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a bispectral detection element of the state of the art, already described in the preamble of the description;
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a first embodiment of the bispectral sensor according to the invention
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a bispectral detector according to the invention including the sensor of FIG. 2
- 4 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a second embodiment of the bispectral sensor according to the invention
- FIGS. 5 to 11 illustrate a method of manufacturing the bispectral sensor according to the invention.
- This sensor 20 comprises a monolithic silicon substrate 21, in which a CMOS or CCD type multiplexing circuit is produced, an insulating layer 22 covering the circuit 21, and a bolometric microbridge array 23, 24 for the detection of infrared radiation.
- Each micropont 23, 24 comprises a thin bolometric element 25, 26, made absorbent to infrared radiation, electrodes 27, 28 extended by heat-insulating arms 28, 29, the whole being embedded in an insulating layer.
- Each micropont 23, 24 also comprises supports 31, 32 of the bolometric element 25, 26, electrodes 27, 28, arms 28, 29 and insulating layer 30, the supports 31, 32 suspending these different elements above substrate 21.
- the supports 31, 32 also perform the electrical connection of the electrodes 27, 28 to terminals 33, 34 of the multiplexing circuit formed in the substrate 21, via metal connections 35, 36 passing through the insulating layer 22.
- a reflective layer 37, 38 is also formed below each bolometric element 25, 26, so as to form therewith a quarter wave plate, increasing, in known manner, the sensitivity of the bolometric detector to infrared radiation.
- the bolometric microbridge matrix 25, 26 is superimposed on a matrix of photoelectric elements 39, 40, sensitive to visible radiation, for example a matrix of photodiodes or a matrix of phototransistors.
- This matrix of photosensitive components is made in the mass of the substrate 21.
- the array of photoelectric elements 39, 40 comprises, for each micropont 25, 26, a photoelectric element placed below it and in contact with a metal connection 41, 42 making its connection to the multiplexing circuit.
- the multiplexing circuit formed in the substrate 21 performs the functions of reading the microbridge and photoelectric element arrays, as is the case of the detector of the document US 6,320,189.
- the portion of substrate 43 located between the photoelectric elements 39, 40 and the face of the substrate 44, opposite to the face 45 on which the microbridget matrix 25, 26 is formed, is thinned to a thickness h.
- this thickness h is 15 microns or less.
- the matrix of photoelectric elements 39, 40, the electrical connections 41, 42 thereof, the multiplexing circuit in the substrate 21 and the substrate portion 43 thus form a type of visible sensor with "backlighting" (" Back illuminated sensor ", the effectiveness of which has been demonstrated in numerous documents, for example the document” X-UV imaging with backside illuminated CCDs in laser-matter interaction experiments "by A. Mens et al, J. Optics, 1993, vol. 24, No. 3, pages 129-134, or the document “Sub-fish statistics observed in an electronically shuttered and back illuminated CCD pixel", by RK Reich, IEEE Transactions on electon device, vol.44, No. 1, January 1997.
- the senor 20 further comprises a matrix of micro lenses 46, 47, comprising, for each photoelectric element 39, 40, a microlens arranged on the face 44 of the substrate 21 facing the photoelectric element.
- This micro lens has the effect of concentrating on the photoelectric element visible radiation illuminating it. This compensates for the reduction in the sensitive area of the element resulting from the presence of complex addressing electronics in the substrate, for reading the microbridge and photosensitive element arrays. The filling factor associated with the detection of visible radiation is thus improved.
- the surface of the micro lens array 46, 47 is covered with a filter layer for selecting the visible spectrum of incident radiation thereon.
- the constituent materials of the bolometric microbridge matrix are optimally chosen for the detection of infrared radiation, without taking into account the visible detection.
- FIG. 3 an uncooled detector 60 incorporating the bispectral sensor 20 according to the invention is illustrated.
- the detector 60 comprises a general housing 61 whose bottom 62 is formed of a concave mirror 63 covered with a metal layer.
- the side walls 64 are covered with an absorbent coating 65 , for example black, to avoid parasitic reflections
- the bispectral sensor 20 is in turn arranged in the housing 61 with the matrix of microbonts bo Io metric opposite the concave mirror 63 and in a focal plane thereof.
- the sensor 20 is mechanically held in place by means of support arms 66, performing the optical centering of the bolometric microbridge matrix in the focal plane of the mirror 63, the damping of vibrations to which the housing 61 is subjected, the thermalization of the matrix of bolometric microbonts, as well as an electrical connection 73 to the outside
- the support arms 66 comprise a self-focusing system resting on a piezoelectric element 67 supplied with voltage, thus making it possible to adjust the position of the microbridge matrix so that it substantially coincides with the focal plane of the concave mirror 63.
- the detector 60 further comprises an optic 68 hermetically embedded in an infrared filter 69, which hermetically closes the housing 61.
- the optics 68 has the function of focusing the visible component of a radiation on the matrix of photoelectric elements of the sensor 20.
- the internal space 70 of the housing 61 is placed under vacuum, or under a non-heat-conductive controlled atmosphere, to thermally isolate the bolometric microbridge matrix. This matrix is therefore heated substantially only by infrared radiation illuminating it.
- the housing optionally comprises a getter formed of a substance introduced into the internal space 70 in order to accentuate the vacuum by a chemical or physical action on the residual gases in the space 70
- the detector 60 is illuminated by a scene to be observed.
- the visible component of the scene is then focused by the optics 60 on the plane of the matrix of photoelectric elements of the bispectral sensor 20, which detects this component due to the thinned layer of substrate.
- the infrared component of the observed scene is selected by the infrared filter 60 and passes through the housing 69.
- the infrared component is then redirected and focused by the concave mirror 63 on the plane of the bolometric microbridge matrix of the bispectral sensor 20.
- the bispectral detection is thus performed by lighting both sides of the sensor 20, each face thereof being dedicated to a specific type of radiation.
- the system can be reversed to have the matrix of photosensitive elements facing the mirror.
- optical system associated with the detection of visible radiation optical 68
- optical system associated with the detection of infrared radiation infrared filter 69 and concave mirror 63
- FIG. 4 a second embodiment of the bispectral sensor according to the invention is illustrated.
- This embodiment is identical to the bispectral sensor 20 described in connection with Figure 2 except that it further comprises a sealed housing 80 in which is encapsulated the sensor 20, said housing "encapsulation”.
- the face 81 of the encapsulation casing 80 opposite the bolometric microbridge matrix comprises an infrared filter 82, while the face 83 of the casing 80 facing the matrix of photoelectric elements comprises a visible filter 84.
- These filters 82, 84 are optimized by finding a compromise between transparency and selectivity.
- the inner space 85, 86 of the housing 80 is also placed under vacuum, or under a controlled atmosphere of a low heat-conducting gas, such as a heavy gas such as xenon (Xe) for example.
- a low heat-conducting gas such as a heavy gas such as xenon (Xe) for example.
- the internal space 85, 86 optionally includes a getter.
- electrical connections 87, 88 are also provided in the housing 80 to connect the sensor 20 with external circuits to the housing 80.
- the advantage of the second embodiment is to provide a mfrarouge / visible bispectral sensor that is adaptable in many detectors. Indeed, it is not then necessary to provide a detector housing 61 in which a vacuum is formed, or even radiation selection filters, the vacuum and the radiation selection being already made.
- FIGS. 5 to 11 illustrate a method of manufacturing the bispectral detector according to the invention
- This process consists.
- insulating material 108 depositing (by CVD) an insulating material 108, then depositing (by sputtering, thermal decomposition or plasma) and etching (by chemical etching or by plasma) a metal layer 109 of 50 to 100 angstroms, preferably titanium nitride (TiN), so as to form the electrodes to be deposited (by cathodic sputtering, thermal decomposition or plasma) and etched (by chemical etching or plasma) metallizations 110 so as to form the elements supporting and connecting the microbridge with the multiplexing circuit formed in the substrate 100; depositing (by CVD) an additional layer of insulating material 111 and making contact openings subsequently allowing contact between the metallizations 110 and the material 113;
- amorphous or polycritical semiconductor material 113 Si, Ge, SiC, ⁇ -SiC: H, a-SiGe: H or ferrite
- amorphous or polycritical semiconductor material 113 Si, Ge, SiC, ⁇ -SiC: H, a-SiGe: H or ferrite
- the metallizations and electrical connections are made by deposition and etching of layers, of thickness ranging from about 0.005 micrometer to about 1 micrometer, of at least one of the following materials: titanium (Ti), titanium nitride (TiN) ), platinum (Pt), aluminum (Al), palladium (Pd), nickel (Ni), nickel and chromium alloy (NiCr), tungsten alloy and silicon (WSi).
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0705478A FR2919387B1 (fr) | 2007-07-26 | 2007-07-26 | Dispositif de detection bispectrale et detecteur bispectral comportant un tel dispositif. |
| PCT/FR2008/051128 WO2009013418A1 (fr) | 2007-07-26 | 2008-06-23 | Dispositif de détection bispectrale et détecteur bispectral comportant un tel dispositif |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2174104A1 true EP2174104A1 (fr) | 2010-04-14 |
Family
ID=39066178
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08806060A Withdrawn EP2174104A1 (fr) | 2007-07-26 | 2008-06-23 | Dispositif de détection bispectrale et détecteur bispectral comportant un tel dispositif |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7943904B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2174104A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2919387B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009013418A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009029343A1 (de) * | 2009-09-10 | 2011-03-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensor zur Detektion von thermischer Strahlung |
| DE102014201950A1 (de) * | 2014-02-04 | 2015-08-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Optischer Sensor sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines optischen Sensors |
| JP6508448B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-17 | 2019-05-08 | 株式会社リコー | 検出器、センシング装置及び制御システム |
| ITUA20162954A1 (it) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-10-28 | St Microelectronics Srl | Dispositivo a semiconduttore per la rilevazione di radiazione ultravioletta e infrarossa e relativo metodo di fabbricazione |
| IT201800004621A1 (it) | 2018-04-17 | 2019-10-17 | Dispositivo optoelettronico ad elevata sensibilita' per la rilevazione di specie chimiche e relativo metodo di fabbricazione | |
| IT201800004620A1 (it) | 2018-04-17 | 2019-10-17 | Dispositivo a semiconduttore ad elevata sensibilita' per la rilevazione di specie chimiche fluide e relativo metodo di fabbricazione | |
| US12185018B2 (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2024-12-31 | Apple Inc. | Stacked electromagnetic radiation sensors for visible image sensing and infrared depth sensing, or for visible image sensing and infrared image sensing |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6023061A (en) * | 1995-12-04 | 2000-02-08 | Microcam Corporation | Miniature infrared camera |
| US5808350A (en) * | 1997-01-03 | 1998-09-15 | Raytheon Company | Integrated IR, visible and NIR sensor and methods of fabricating same |
| FR2781927B1 (fr) * | 1998-07-28 | 2001-10-05 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de detection de rayonnements multispectraux infrarouge/visible |
| EP1953511A3 (fr) * | 2005-08-22 | 2008-10-29 | Aselsan Elektronik Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi | Mosaïque de détecteurs pour imagerie utilisant un procédé de lecture optique |
| US7495199B2 (en) * | 2006-02-10 | 2009-02-24 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | MEMS radiometer |
| US7592593B2 (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2009-09-22 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Multi-band focal plane array |
-
2007
- 2007-07-26 FR FR0705478A patent/FR2919387B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-06-23 WO PCT/FR2008/051128 patent/WO2009013418A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2008-06-23 EP EP08806060A patent/EP2174104A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-11-20 US US12/622,521 patent/US7943904B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009013418A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20100065744A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
| US7943904B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 |
| WO2009013418A1 (fr) | 2009-01-29 |
| FR2919387A1 (fr) | 2009-01-30 |
| FR2919387B1 (fr) | 2010-05-21 |
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