EP2163686A1 - Method for predicting the surface topography of tissue paper - Google Patents
Method for predicting the surface topography of tissue paper Download PDFInfo
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- EP2163686A1 EP2163686A1 EP20090169677 EP09169677A EP2163686A1 EP 2163686 A1 EP2163686 A1 EP 2163686A1 EP 20090169677 EP20090169677 EP 20090169677 EP 09169677 A EP09169677 A EP 09169677A EP 2163686 A1 EP2163686 A1 EP 2163686A1
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- surface topography
- tissue paper
- screen
- tissue
- simulation
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
- D21G9/00—Other accessories for paper-making machines
- D21G9/0009—Paper-making control systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for predicting the surface topography of tissue paper to be produced in a papermaking process using a structured screen, which structure is embossed by means of the screen.
- TAD Through Air Drying
- the paper is pulled by an air flow in the screen surface, whereby a structuring is imprinted into the paper surface.
- a high pumping speed is achieved.
- the quality of tissue papers is characterized mainly by the respective pumping speed.
- An essential differentiator for the different varieties, however, is the respective surface condition, such as e.g. Handle, haptics, etc. So far, the influence of the respective structured screen on the surface of the tissue paper only by practical trial, i. a test production of tissue paper can be determined.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method by which the surface topography of tissue paper to be produced in a manufacturing process using a respective structured screen, in a simple, efficient way in advance can be determined as accurately as possible.
- this object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1.
- this method for predicting the surface topography By means of a sensor, the surface topography of at least one structured screen already used in the production process is first recorded by means of a sensor of tissue paper to be produced by means of the screen in a paper production process using a structured screen.
- the surface topography of the tissue paper is simulated based on the surface topography of the already used structured screen via a simulation of the paper production process.
- the algorithm used for the simulation is calibrated by comparing the simulated surface topography with the surface topography of the tissue paper actually made in the manufacturing process using the already used structured screen. Then, based on the surface topography of each additional structured screen to predict the expected surface topography of the tissue paper, the surface topography of the tissue paper is simulated using the calibrated algorithm.
- the prediction of the expected surface topography of the tissue paper may be based on the surface topography of a real further structured screen recorded by means of the sensor or, for example, also on the surface topography of a virtual screen.
- At least one virtual ball is placed on the surface Surface topography of each structured screen unrolled and thereby determines the resulting penetration depth of this virtual ball (rolling ball method). Above the determined penetration depth, a virtual surface is then defined, which corresponds to the surface of the tissue paper to be simulated.
- the data obtained are subjected to a Fourier analysis and the surface roughnesses of the two images obtained are determined.
- the calibration of the algorithm used for the simulation preferably takes place at least partially via the diameter of the virtual ball.
- the calibration can also be carried out via further parameters to be optimized than via the diameter of the virtual ball.
- the calibration is preferably carried out at least predominantly via the diameter of the virtual ball.
- a more realistic representation is achieved.
- the use of two or more virtual balls creates two or more spanned levels by an appropriate combination be connected to the resulting level.
- a suitable combination can be, for example, an averaging (arithmetic, geometric) or also an averaging with a higher weighting of one or the other level.
- the calibration of the algorithm used for the simulation takes into account in particular boundary conditions of the papermaking process.
- the marginal conditions of the papermaking process considered include, in particular, boundary conditions of the tissue machine in question and properties of the initial tissue paper not yet provided with the relevant structure.
- the boundary conditions of the tissue machine in question may, for example, include the generated vacuum and / or the air flow through which the tissue paper is drawn when impressing the structure into the surface of the structured screen.
- the properties taken into account of the initial tissue paper not yet provided with the relevant structure may, for example, include its flexural rigidity.
- Another property may also be the shrinkage of the tissue paper or the creping experienced by such tissue paper during production in some applications. This is between 2 - 5% (shrinkage) and up to 30% due to creping.
- a crepe parameter can be set in the software that upsets the resulting plane of the rolling-ball algorithm.
- the method according to the invention serves to support distribution and enables a targeted selection of sieves to achieve a specific surface structure of the tissue paper to be produced.
- the topographies of the sieves and tissue papers provided by a respective customer can be recorded, for example, with a surface scanner.
- the algorithm can be based, in particular, on the method known as "rolling ball” in computer science.
- a virtual ball on the topography of a surface here the surface topography of a structured or tissue sieve unrolled.
- a surface is spanned. This corresponds to the surface topography of the tissue paper produced on this surface.
- the decisive parameter to be optimized here is the diameter of the virtual ball.
- the conditions of the paper or tissue machine e.g. Vacuum, airflow, etc. and the properties of the initial tissue paper, e.g. its flexural rigidity, included.
- two or more than two consecutively arranged rolling balls or virtual balls with different diameters can be used.
- the parameters thus obtained can be used for the further simulations.
- the algorithm is thus calibrated to the boundary conditions of the tissue machine and the properties of the initial tissue paper.
- the further simulations can be carried out, for example, based on the surface topographies of 3D scanned real sieve surfaces. It can However, as already mentioned, also generated, ie virtual Siebober lake be used.
- DoE Design of Experiments
- DoE Design of Experiments
- the invention also relates to a computer program with program code means for carrying out the method described above when the program is executed on a computer or a corresponding computing unit.
- the invention also relates to a computer program product with program code means which are stored on a computer-readable data carrier in order to carry out the method described above.
- the computer program according to the invention and the computer program product according to the invention preferably relate to all features of the method according to the invention that can be influenced by program code means and / or can be realized by data processing.
- the subject matter of the invention is also a device for predicting the surface topography of tissue paper to be produced in a papermaking process using a structured screen, which is embossed with a structure by means of the screen, with a sensor for receiving the tissue Surface topography of the tissue paper produced and for recording the surface topography of a respective structured screen and with a data processing system, which is designed to carry out the method described above.
- the senor comprises a 3D surface scanner.
- the invention can be used for prediction in the area of forming fabrics, preferably with respect to surface roughness, marking and / or the like.
- Fig. 1 shows a flowchart for an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- the method is used to predict the surface topography of tissue paper to be made in a papermaking process using a structured screen, which is imprinted with a structure by means of the screen.
- the surface topography of at least one structured screen already used in the production process is initially recorded by means of a sensor.
- the surface topography of the tissue paper is simulated based on the surface topography of the already used structured screen via a simulation of the paper production process.
- the algorithm used for the simulation is calibrated by comparing the simulated surface topography with the surface topography of the tissue paper actually made in the manufacturing process using the already used structured screen.
- the simulation of the surface topography of the tissue paper can be performed using the calibrated algorithm to predict the expected surface topography of the tissue paper.
- a customer provides screen patterns and tissue papers produced therefrom (step 1).
- the tissue papers were produced in a paper or tissue machine used by the customer.
- the respective surface topographies are recorded by means of a surface scanner (step 2).
- the surface topographies of the tissue paper are simulated via a respective simulation of the papermaking process (step 3). Subsequently, the simulated surface topographies are compared with the recorded surface topographies of the tissue papers provided by the customer (step 4). If the surface topographies do not match, the simulation parameters are optimized in step 5. Subsequently, the simulation is again based on the screen patterns provided by the customer (step 3). If the comparison carried out in step 4 reveals that the simulated surface topographies at least substantially coincide with the surface topographies of the tissue papers provided by the customer, the simulation with the optimized parameters can then be carried out on new screens (step 6).
- the comparison performed and the optimization of the simulation parameters serve to calibrate the algorithm used for the simulation to the conditions of the papermaking process and in particular the conditions of the tissue machine used by the customer and the properties of the initial tissue paper.
- the algorithm can be based on a method known in computer science as "rolling ball".
- a virtual ball is rolled off the surface topography, here the surface topography of the structured or tissue sieve.
- a surface is spanned. This corresponds to the surface topography of the tissue paper produced on this stretched surface.
- the decisive parameter to be optimized here is, for example, the diameter of the virtual ball.
- the conditions of the paper or Tissuemaschine, eg vacuum, air flow, etc., and the properties of the initial tissue paper, eg bending stiffness be included.
- For a more realistic representation can also be two or more than two consecutively arranged "rolling balls" with different diameters can be used.
- the parameters thus obtained can be used for the further simulations.
- the algorithm is thus calibrated to the boundary conditions of the tissue machine and the properties of the initial tissue paper.
- the further simulations can be done, for example, on surface topographies of 3D scanned real sieve surfaces. However, it is also possible to use generated or virtual screen surfaces.
- Fig. 2 shows the surface topography 10 of a structured screen taken with a 3D surface scanner for the production of tissue paper.
- the image was taken using a NanoFocus ⁇ scan.
- Fig. 3 shows the real surface or surface topography 12 of a tissue paper.
- Fig. 4 shows the starting from the recorded surface topography 10 of a structured screen according to Fig. 2 simulated surface topography 14 of a tissue paper.
- the simulated surface topography according to Fig. 4 is the result of the simulation by the rolling ball algorithm.
- 1 mm has been chosen for the parameter determined by the diameter of the virtual ball.
- the edge length of the images reproduced in the figures is 1 cm in each case.
- the value "1 mm" for the parameter determined by the diameter of the virtual ball was determined by comparing the simulated image with the real image according to FIG Fig. 3 won.
- the comparative evaluation was made by a Fourier analysis and a determination of the surface roughnesses of the two images.
- the scale of the two representations corresponds to the Fig. 3 and 4 400 pixels each, 2.5 ⁇ m.
- DoE Design of Experiments
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Vorhersage der Oberflächentopographie von in einem Papierherstellungsprozess unter Verwendung eines strukturierten Siebes herzustellendem Tissuepapier, dem mittels des Siebes eine Struktur eingeprägt wird.The invention relates to a method for predicting the surface topography of tissue paper to be produced in a papermaking process using a structured screen, which structure is embossed by means of the screen.
Tissuepapiere werden auf strukturierten Sieben, wie insbesondere TAD-Sieben (TAD = Through Air Drying) hergestellt. Dabei wird das Papier durch einen Luftstrom in die Sieboberfläche gezogen, wodurch in die Papieroberfläche eine Strukturierung eingeprägt wird. Mit der entsprechend strukturierten Oberfläche des Siebes wird ein hohes Saugvermögen erreicht. Die Qualität von Tissuepapieren wird zwar hauptsächlich durch das jeweilige Saugvermögen charakterisiert. Ein wesentliches Unterscheidungsmerkmal für die verschiedenen Sorten ist jedoch die jeweilige Oberflächenbeschaffenheit, wie z.B. Griff, Haptik usw. Bisher konnte der Einfluss des jeweiligen strukturierten Siebes auf die Oberfläche des Tissuepapiers nur durch praktisches Ausprobieren, d.h. eine testweise Herstellung von Tissuepapier ermittelt werden.Tissue papers are produced on structured sieves, in particular TAD sieves (TAD = Through Air Drying). The paper is pulled by an air flow in the screen surface, whereby a structuring is imprinted into the paper surface. With the correspondingly structured surface of the screen, a high pumping speed is achieved. The quality of tissue papers is characterized mainly by the respective pumping speed. An essential differentiator for the different varieties, however, is the respective surface condition, such as e.g. Handle, haptics, etc. So far, the influence of the respective structured screen on the surface of the tissue paper only by practical trial, i. a test production of tissue paper can be determined.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit dem die Oberflächentopographie von Tissuepapier, das in einem Herstellungsprozess unter Verwendung eines jeweiligen strukturierten Siebes hergestellt werden soll, auf einfache, effiziente Weise im Voraus möglichst genau bestimmt werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a method by which the surface topography of tissue paper to be produced in a manufacturing process using a respective structured screen, in a simple, efficient way in advance can be determined as accurately as possible.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Bei diesem Verfahren zur Vorhersage der Oberflächentopographie von in einem Papierherstellungsprozess unter Verwendung eines strukturierten Siebes herzustellendem Tissuepapier, dem mittels des Siebes eine Struktur eingeprägt wird, wird mittels eines Sensors zunächst die Oberflächentopographie wenigstens eines in dem Herstellungsprozess bereits verwendeten strukturierten Siebes aufgenommen. Durch Datenverarbeitung wird ausgehend von der Oberflächentopographie des bereits verwendeten strukturierten Siebes über eine Simulation des Papierherstellungsprozesses die Oberflächentopographie des Tissuepapiers simuliert. Der für die Simulation verwendete Algorithmus wird anhand eines Vergleichs der simulierten Oberflächentopographie mit der Oberflächentopographie des in dem Herstellungsprozess mittels des bereits verwendeten strukturierten Siebes tatsächlich hergestellten Tissuepapiers kalibriert. Anschließend wird ausgehend von der Oberflächentopographie eines jeweiligen weiteren strukturierten Siebes zur Vorhersage der zu erwartenden Oberflächentopographie des Tissuepapiers die Simulation der Oberflächentopographie des Tissuepapiers unter Verwendung des kalibrierten Algorithmus durchgeführt.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method having the features of
Dabei kann die Vorhersage der zu erwartenden Oberflächentopographie des Tissuepapiers ausgehend von der mittels des Sensors aufgenommenen Oberflächentopographie eines realen weiteren strukturierten Siebes oder beispielsweise auch ausgehend von der Oberflächentopographie eines virtuellen Siebes erfolgen.The prediction of the expected surface topography of the tissue paper may be based on the surface topography of a real further structured screen recorded by means of the sensor or, for example, also on the surface topography of a virtual screen.
Es kann somit eine genaue Vorhersage über das Erscheinungsbild der Oberfläche von Tissuepapier erstellt werden, ohne dass dazu Tissuepapiere auf realen Sieben, die sehr aufwendig herzustellen sind, gebildet werden müssen. Zudem wird mit der Möglichkeit, auch virtuelle Siebe zu nutzen, das Entwicklungsverfahren wesentlich beschleunigt.Thus, an accurate prediction of the appearance of the surface of tissue paper can be made without the need to form tissue papers on real screens that are very expensive to manufacture. In addition, the possibility of using virtual screens also significantly speeds up the development process.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten praktischen Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird bei der durch die Datenverarbeitung erfolgenden Simulation der Oberflächentopographie des Tissuepapiers wenigstens ein virtueller Ball auf der Oberflächentopographie des jeweiligen strukturierten Siebes abgerollt und dabei die sich ergebende Penetrationstiefe dieses virtuellen Balles ermittelt (Rolling-Ball-Methode). Über der ermittelten Penetrationstiefe wird dann eine virtuelle Fläche aufgespannt, die der zu simulierenden Oberfläche des Tissuepapiers entspricht.According to a preferred practical embodiment of the method according to the invention, in the simulation of the surface topography of the tissue paper by the data processing, at least one virtual ball is placed on the surface Surface topography of each structured screen unrolled and thereby determines the resulting penetration depth of this virtual ball (rolling ball method). Above the determined penetration depth, a virtual surface is then defined, which corresponds to the surface of the tissue paper to be simulated.
Von Vorteil ist insbesondere auch, wenn für den Vergleich der simulierten Oberflächentopographie des Tissuepapiers mit der Oberflächentopographie des in dem Herstellungsprozess mittels des bereits verwendeten strukturierten Siebes tatsächlich hergestellten Tissuepapiers die jeweils erhaltenen Daten einer Fourieranalyse unterzogen und die Flächenrauhigkeiten der beiden erhaltenen Bilder bestimmt werden.It is also of particular advantage if, for the comparison of the simulated surface topography of the tissue paper with the surface topography of the tissue paper actually produced in the manufacturing process by means of the structured screen already used, the data obtained are subjected to a Fourier analysis and the surface roughnesses of the two images obtained are determined.
Bevorzugt erfolgt die Kalibrierung des für die Simulation verwendeten Algorithmus zumindest teilweise über den Durchmesser des virtuellen Balles.The calibration of the algorithm used for the simulation preferably takes place at least partially via the diameter of the virtual ball.
Grundsätzlich kann die Kalibrierung auch über weitere zu optimierende Parameter als über den Durchmesser des virtuellen Balles erfolgen. Bevorzugt erfolgt die Kalibrierung jedoch zumindest überwiegend über den Durchmesser des virtuellen Balles.In principle, the calibration can also be carried out via further parameters to be optimized than via the diameter of the virtual ball. However, the calibration is preferably carried out at least predominantly via the diameter of the virtual ball.
Bei der durch die Datenverarbeitung erfolgenden Simulation der Oberflächentopographie des Tissuepapiers können vorteilhafterweise auch zwei oder mehr als zwei virtuelle Bälle eingesetzt werden, die vorzugsweise hintereinander liegend auf der Oberflächentopographie des jeweiligen strukturierten Siebes abgerollt werden. Dabei besitzen die verschiedenen virtuellen Bälle vorteilhafterweise zumindest teilweise einen unterschiedlichen Durchmesser.In the simulation of the surface topography of the tissue paper by the data processing, it is also advantageously possible to use two or more than two virtual balls, which are preferably unrolled one after the other on the surface topography of the respective structured screen. The various virtual balls advantageously have at least partially a different diameter.
Durch die Verwendung mehrerer virtueller Bälle wird eine realitätsnähere Darstellung erreicht. Die Verwendung von zwei oder mehreren virtuellen Bällen erzeugt zwei oder mehrere aufgespannte Ebenen, die durch eine geeignete Kombination zu der resultierenden Ebene verbunden werden. Eine geeignete Kombination kann z.B. eine Mittelung sein (arithmetisch, geometrisch) oder auch eine Mittelung mit einer höheren Wichtung der einen oder anderen Ebene.By using multiple virtual balls a more realistic representation is achieved. The use of two or more virtual balls creates two or more spanned levels by an appropriate combination be connected to the resulting level. A suitable combination can be, for example, an averaging (arithmetic, geometric) or also an averaging with a higher weighting of one or the other level.
Mit der Kalibrierung des für die Simulation verwendeten Algorithmus werden insbesondere Randbedingungen des Papierherstellungsprozesses berücksichtigt.The calibration of the algorithm used for the simulation takes into account in particular boundary conditions of the papermaking process.
Dabei umfassen die berücksichtigten Randbedingungen des Papierherstellungsprozesses insbesondere Randbedingungen der betreffenden Tissuemaschine sowie Eigenschaften des initialen, noch nicht mit der betreffenden Struktur versehenen Tissuepapiers.In this context, the marginal conditions of the papermaking process considered include, in particular, boundary conditions of the tissue machine in question and properties of the initial tissue paper not yet provided with the relevant structure.
Die berücksichtigten Randbedingungen der betreffenden Tissuemaschine können beispielsweise das erzeugte Vakuum und/oder den Luftstrom umfassen, durch das bzw. den das Tissuepapier beim Einprägen der Struktur in die Oberfläche des strukturierten Siebes eingezogen wird.The boundary conditions of the tissue machine in question may, for example, include the generated vacuum and / or the air flow through which the tissue paper is drawn when impressing the structure into the surface of the structured screen.
Die berücksichtigten Eigenschaften des initialen, noch nicht mit der betreffenden Struktur versehenen Tissuepapiers können beispielsweise dessen Biegesteifigkeit umfassen.The properties taken into account of the initial tissue paper not yet provided with the relevant structure may, for example, include its flexural rigidity.
Eine weitere Eigenschaft kann auch der Schrumpf des Tissuepapiers sein oder die Kreppung, die ein solches Tissuepapier während der Produktion in einigen Applikationen erfährt. Diese beträgt zwischen 2 - 5 % (Schrumpf) und bis zu 30 % durch die Kreppung. Um diesen Parameter nachzustellen, kann ein Kreppparameter in der Software eingestellt werden, der die resultierende Ebene des Rolling-Balls-Algorithmus in eine Richtung staucht.Another property may also be the shrinkage of the tissue paper or the creping experienced by such tissue paper during production in some applications. This is between 2 - 5% (shrinkage) and up to 30% due to creping. To adjust this parameter, a crepe parameter can be set in the software that upsets the resulting plane of the rolling-ball algorithm.
Durch Aufnahme der Topographie von strukturierten bzw. Tissue-Sieben und der Simulation des Papierherstellungsprozesses durch einen Algorithmus ist es möglich, die zu erwartende Oberfläche des Tissuepapiers vorherzusagen. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dient unter anderem der Unterstützung des Vertriebes und ermöglicht eine gezielte Auswahl von Sieben zur Erzielung einer bestimmten Oberflächenstruktur des herzustellenden Tissuepapiers.By recording the topography of textured or tissue sieves and simulating the papermaking process by an algorithm, it is possible predict the expected surface of the tissue paper. Among other things, the method according to the invention serves to support distribution and enables a targeted selection of sieves to achieve a specific surface structure of the tissue paper to be produced.
Zur Kalibrierung des Algorithmus auf die Bedingung der jeweiligen Tissuemaschine können die Topographien der von einem jeweiligen Kunden bereitgestellten Siebe und Tissuepapiere beispielsweise mit einem Oberflächenscanner aufgenommen werden. Der Algorithmus kann insbesondere auf der in der Informatik als "Rolling Ball" bekannten Methode beruhen. Dabei wird, wie bereits erwähnt, ein virtueller Ball auf der Topographie einer Oberfläche, hier der Oberflächentopographie eines strukturierten oder Tissue-Siebes abgerollt. Über die Penetrationstiefe des virtuellen Balles wird eine Fläche aufgespannt. Diese entspricht der Oberflächentopographie des auf dieser Fläche erzeugten Tissuepapiers. Der entscheidende zu optimierende Parameter ist hier der Durchmesser des virtuellen Balles. In diesem Parameter sind die Bedingungen der Papier- bzw. Tissuemaschine, z.B. Vakuum, Luftstrom usw. und die Eigenschaften des initialen Tissuepapiers, z.B. dessen Biegesteifigkeit, enthalten. Zur realitätsnäheren Darstellung können zwei oder mehr als zwei hintereinander angeordnete "Rolling Balls" bzw. virtuelle Bälle mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern verwendet werden.To calibrate the algorithm to the condition of the respective tissue machine, the topographies of the sieves and tissue papers provided by a respective customer can be recorded, for example, with a surface scanner. The algorithm can be based, in particular, on the method known as "rolling ball" in computer science. Here, as already mentioned, a virtual ball on the topography of a surface, here the surface topography of a structured or tissue sieve unrolled. About the penetration depth of the virtual ball a surface is spanned. This corresponds to the surface topography of the tissue paper produced on this surface. The decisive parameter to be optimized here is the diameter of the virtual ball. In this parameter the conditions of the paper or tissue machine, e.g. Vacuum, airflow, etc. and the properties of the initial tissue paper, e.g. its flexural rigidity, included. For a more realistic representation, two or more than two consecutively arranged rolling balls or virtual balls with different diameters can be used.
Stimmt die durch Simulation gewonnene Oberflächentopographie des Tissuepapiers mit der Oberflächentopographie des realen Tissuepapiers gut überein, können die so gewonnenen Parameter für die weiteren Simulationen genutzt werden. Der Algorithmus ist damit auf die Randbedingungen der Tissuemaschine und die Eigenschaften des initialen Tissuepapiers kalibriert.If the surface topography of the tissue paper obtained by simulation agrees well with the surface topography of the real tissue paper, the parameters thus obtained can be used for the further simulations. The algorithm is thus calibrated to the boundary conditions of the tissue machine and the properties of the initial tissue paper.
Die weiteren Simulationen können beispielsweise ausgehend von den Oberflächentopographien 3D-gescannter realer Sieboberflächen erfolgen. Es können jedoch, wie bereits erwähnt, auch generierte, d.h. virtuelle Sieboberflächen verwendet werden.The further simulations can be carried out, for example, based on the surface topographies of 3D scanned real sieve surfaces. It can However, as already mentioned, also generated, ie virtual Sieboberflächen be used.
Zur Optimierung der Parameter können zusätzlich beispielsweise auch DoE-Methoden eingesetzt werden (DoE = Design of Experiments). Ausgehend von einem Standardwert für den Durchmesser des virtuellen Balles können verschiedene Simulationen mit einem oder beispielsweise zwei virtuellen Bällen durchgeführt werden. Dabei wird der Durchmesser systematisch verändert, bis sich die beste Übereinstimmung ergibt.In addition, for example, DoE methods (DoE = Design of Experiments) can also be used to optimize the parameters. Starting from a default value for the diameter of the virtual ball, various simulations with one or for example two virtual balls can be carried out. The diameter is changed systematically until the best match results.
Grundsätzlich ist auch die Verwendung anderer Optimierungsverfahren, wie beispielsweise genetischer Algorithmen möglich und zielführend.In principle, the use of other optimization methods, such as genetic algorithms is possible and expedient.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist zudem ein Computerprogramm mit Programmcodemitteln, um das vorstehend beschriebene Verfahren durchzuführen, wenn das Programm auf einem Computer oder einer entsprechenden Recheneinheit ausgeführt wird.The invention also relates to a computer program with program code means for carrying out the method described above when the program is executed on a computer or a corresponding computing unit.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist auch ein Computerprogrammprodukt mit Programmcodemitteln, die auf einem computerlesbaren Datenträger gespeichert sind, um das vorstehend beschriebene Verfahren durchzuführen. Das erfindungsgemäße Computerprogramm sowie das erfindungsgemäße Computerprogrammprodukt beziehen sich vorzugsweise auf sämtliche durch Programmcodemittel beeinflussbare und/oder durch Datenverarbeitung verwirklichbare Merkmale des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.The invention also relates to a computer program product with program code means which are stored on a computer-readable data carrier in order to carry out the method described above. The computer program according to the invention and the computer program product according to the invention preferably relate to all features of the method according to the invention that can be influenced by program code means and / or can be realized by data processing.
Schließlich ist Gegenstand der Erfindung auch eine Vorrichtung zur Vorhersage der Oberflächentopographie von in einem Papierherstellungsprozess unter Verwendung eines strukturierten Siebes herzustellendem Tissuepapier, dem mittels des Siebes eine Struktur eingeprägt wird, mit einem Sensor zur Aufnahme der Oberflächentopographie des herstellten Tissuepapiers und zur Aufnahme der Oberflächentopographie eines jeweiligen strukturierten Siebes sowie mit einer Datenverarbeitungsanlage, die zur Durchführung des vorstehend beschriebenen Verfahrens ausgebildet ist.Finally, the subject matter of the invention is also a device for predicting the surface topography of tissue paper to be produced in a papermaking process using a structured screen, which is embossed with a structure by means of the screen, with a sensor for receiving the tissue Surface topography of the tissue paper produced and for recording the surface topography of a respective structured screen and with a data processing system, which is designed to carry out the method described above.
Bevorzugt umfasst der Sensor einen 3D-Oberflächenscanner.Preferably, the sensor comprises a 3D surface scanner.
Mit besonderem Vorteil ist die Erfindung zur Vorhersage im Bereich der Formiersiebe, vorzugsweise in Bezug auf die Oberflächen-Rauhigkeit, Markierung und/oder dergleichen, verwendbar.With particular advantage, the invention can be used for prediction in the area of forming fabrics, preferably with respect to surface roughness, marking and / or the like.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher beschrieben, in dieser zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- ein Ablaufdiagramm zu einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
- Fig. 2
- die mit einem 3D-Oberflächenscanner aufgenommene Oberflächentopographie eines strukturierten Siebes zur Herstellung von Tissuepapier,
- Fig. 3
- die reale Oberfläche eines Tissuepapiers und
- Fig. 4
- die simulierte Oberflächentopographie eines Tissuepapiers.
- Fig. 1
- a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- the surface topography of a structured screen for the production of tissue paper taken with a 3D surface scanner,
- Fig. 3
- the real surface of a tissue paper and
- Fig. 4
- the simulated surface topography of a tissue paper.
Das Verfahren dient der Vorhersage der Oberflächentopographie von in einem Papierherstellungsprozess unter Verwendung eines strukturierten Siebes herzustellendem Tissuepapier, dem mittels des Siebes eine Struktur eingeprägt wird.The method is used to predict the surface topography of tissue paper to be made in a papermaking process using a structured screen, which is imprinted with a structure by means of the screen.
Dabei wird mittels eines Sensors zunächst die Oberflächentopographie wenigstens eines in dem Herstellungsprozess bereits verwendeten strukturierten Siebes aufgenommen. Durch Datenverarbeitung wird ausgehend von der Oberflächentopographie des bereits verwendeten strukturierten Siebes über eine Simulation des Papierherstellungsprozesses die Oberflächentopographie des Tissuepapiers simuliert. Der für die Simulation verwendete Algorithmus wird anhand eines Vergleichs der simulierten Oberflächentopographie mit der Oberflächentopographie des in dem Herstellungsprozess mittels des bereits verwendeten strukturierten Siebes tatsächlich hergestellten Tissuepapiers kalibriert. Anschließend kann dann ausgehend von der Oberflächentopographie eines jeweiligen weiteren strukturierten Siebes, bei dem es sich um ein reales oder auch um ein virtuelles Sieb handeln kann, zur Vorhersage der zu erwartenden Oberflächentopographie des Tissuepapiers die Simulation der Oberflächentopographie des Tissuepapiers unter Verwendung des kalibrierten Algorithmus durchgeführt.In this case, the surface topography of at least one structured screen already used in the production process is initially recorded by means of a sensor. By means of data processing, the surface topography of the tissue paper is simulated based on the surface topography of the already used structured screen via a simulation of the paper production process. The algorithm used for the simulation is calibrated by comparing the simulated surface topography with the surface topography of the tissue paper actually made in the manufacturing process using the already used structured screen. Then, based on the surface topography of a respective further structured screen, which may be a real screen or even a virtual screen, the simulation of the surface topography of the tissue paper can be performed using the calibrated algorithm to predict the expected surface topography of the tissue paper.
Bei der sich aus dem Ablaufdiagramm gemäß
Von den vom Kunden bereitgestellten Siebmustern und Tissuepapieren werden mittels eines Oberflächenscanners die jeweiligen Oberflächentopographien aufgenommen (Schritt 2).From the screen patterns and tissue papers provided by the customer, the respective surface topographies are recorded by means of a surface scanner (step 2).
Basierend auf den Oberflächentopographien der vom Kunden bereitgestellten Siebmuster werden über eine jeweilige Simulation des Papierherstellungsprozesses die Oberflächentopographien des Tissuepapiers simuliert (Schritt 3). Anschließend werden die simulierten Oberflächentopographien mit den aufgenommenen Oberflächentopographien der vom Kunden bereitgestellten Tissuepapiere verglichen (Schritt 4). Stimmen die Oberflächentopographien nicht überein, so werden im Schritt 5 die Simulationsparameter optimiert. Anschließend erfolgt wieder die Simulation ausgehend von den vom Kunden bereitgestellten Siebmustern (Schritt 3). Ergibt sich bei dem in Schritt 4 durchgeführten Vergleich, dass die simulierten Oberflächentopographien zumindest im Wesentlichen mit den Oberflächentopographien der vom Kunden bereitgestellten Tissuepapieren übereinstimmen, so kann anschließend die Simulation mit den optimierten Parametern an neuen Sieben durchgeführt werden (Schritt 6).Based on the surface topographies of the screen patterns provided by the customer, the surface topographies of the tissue paper are simulated via a respective simulation of the papermaking process (step 3). Subsequently, the simulated surface topographies are compared with the recorded surface topographies of the tissue papers provided by the customer (step 4). If the surface topographies do not match, the simulation parameters are optimized in
Der durchgeführte Vergleich sowie die Optimierung der Simulationsparameter dient der Kalibrierung des für die Simulation verwendeten Algorithmus auf die Bedingungen des Papierherstellungsprozesses und insbesondere die Bedingungen der vom Kunden benutzten Tissuemaschine und die Eigenschaften des initialen Tissuepapiers.The comparison performed and the optimization of the simulation parameters serve to calibrate the algorithm used for the simulation to the conditions of the papermaking process and in particular the conditions of the tissue machine used by the customer and the properties of the initial tissue paper.
Der Algorithmus kann auf einer in der Informatik als "Rolling-Ball" bekannten Methode beruhen. Dabei wird ein virtueller Ball auf der Oberflächentopographie, hier der Oberflächentopographie des strukturierten oder Tissue-Siebes abgerollt. Über die Penetrationstiefe des virtuellen Balles wird eine Fläche aufgespannt. Diese entspricht der Oberflächentopographie des auf dieser aufgespannten Fläche erzeugten Tissuepapiers. Der entscheidende zu optimierende Parameter ist hier beispielsweise der Durchmesser des virtuellen Balles. In diesem Parameter können die Bedingungen der Papier- bzw. Tissuemaschine, z.B. Vakuum, Luftstrom usw., und die Eigenschaften des initialen Tissuepapiers, z.B. Biegesteifigkeit, enthalten sein. Zur realitätsnäheren Darstellung können auch zwei oder mehr als zwei hintereinander angeordnete "Rolling Balls" mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern verwendet werden.The algorithm can be based on a method known in computer science as "rolling ball". A virtual ball is rolled off the surface topography, here the surface topography of the structured or tissue sieve. About the penetration depth of the virtual ball a surface is spanned. This corresponds to the surface topography of the tissue paper produced on this stretched surface. The decisive parameter to be optimized here is, for example, the diameter of the virtual ball. In this parameter, the conditions of the paper or Tissuemaschine, eg vacuum, air flow, etc., and the properties of the initial tissue paper, eg bending stiffness, be included. For a more realistic representation can also be two or more than two consecutively arranged "rolling balls" with different diameters can be used.
Stimmt die durch Simulation gewonnene Oberflächentopographie des Tissuepapiers mit der Oberflächentopographie des realen Tissuepapiers gut überein, können die so gewonnenen Parameter für die weiteren Simulationen genutzt werden. Der Algorithmus ist damit auf die Randbedingungen der Tissuemaschine und die Eigenschaften des initialen Tissuepapiers kalibriert. Die weiteren Simulationen können beispielsweise an Oberflächentopographien von 3D-gescannten realen Sieboberflächen erfolgen. Es ist jedoch auch denkbar, generierte oder virtuelle Sieboberflächen zu verwenden.If the surface topography of the tissue paper obtained by simulation agrees well with the surface topography of the real tissue paper, the parameters thus obtained can be used for the further simulations. The algorithm is thus calibrated to the boundary conditions of the tissue machine and the properties of the initial tissue paper. The further simulations can be done, for example, on surface topographies of 3D scanned real sieve surfaces. However, it is also possible to use generated or virtual screen surfaces.
Damit kann nun eine genaue Vorhersage über das Erscheinungsbild der Oberfläche von Tissuepapier erstellt werden, ohne dass dazu Tissuepapiere auf realen Sieben, die sehr aufwendig herzustellen sind, gebildet werden müssen. Auch die Möglichkeit, virtuelle Siebe zu nutzen, beschleunigt das Entwicklungsverfahren deutlich.Thus, an accurate prediction of the appearance of the surface of tissue paper can now be made without the need for tissue papers on real screens, which are very expensive to produce. The ability to use virtual screens also significantly speeds up the development process.
Die simulierte Oberflächentopographie gemäß
Der Wert "1 mm" für den durch den Durchmesser des virtuellen Balles bestimmten Parameter wurde durch Vergleich des simulierten Bildes mit dem realen Bild gemäß
Beim vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel entspricht die Skala der beiden Darstellungen gemäß den
Zur Optimierung der Parameter können zusätzlich DoE-Methoden (DoE = Design of Experiments) verwendet werden. Ausgehend von einem Standardwert von hier beispielsweise 1,3 mm für den Durchmesser des virtuellen Balles können verschiedene Simulationen mit einem oder zumindest zwei virtuellen Bällen durchgeführt werden. Die Durchmesser wurden beim vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel systematisch um 0,3 bzw. 0,6 mm verändert. Dabei ergab sich die beste Übereinstimmung bei 1,0 mm.To optimize the parameters, DoE methods (DoE = Design of Experiments) can additionally be used. Starting from a standard value of here, for example, 1.3 mm for the diameter of the virtual ball, various simulations with one or at least two virtual balls can be performed. The diameters were systematically changed by 0.3 and 0.6 mm in the present embodiment. The best match was 1.0 mm.
Grundsätzlich ist auch die Verwendung anderer Optimierungsverfahren wie beispielsweise genetischer Algorithmen möglich und zielführend.Basically, the use of other optimization methods such as genetic algorithms is possible and expedient.
- 1010
- aufgenommene Oberflächentopographie eines strukturierten Siebesrecorded surface topography of a structured screen
- 1212
- reale Oberflächentopographie eines realen Tissuepapiersreal surface topography of a real tissue paper
- 1414
- simulierte Oberflächentopographie eines Tissuepapierssimulated surface topography of a tissue paper
Claims (16)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass bei der durch die Datenverarbeitung erfolgenden Simulation der Oberflächentopographie (14) des Tissuepapiers wenigstens ein virtueller Ball auf der Oberflächentopographie des jeweiligen strukturierten Siebes abgerollt und dabei die sich ergebende Penetrationstiefe dieses virtuellen Balles ermittelt wird (Rolling-Ball-Methode), und dass über der ermittelten Penetrationstiefe eine virtuelle Fläche aufgespannt wird, die der zu simulierenden Oberflächentopographie (14) des Tissuepapiers entspricht.Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that unrolled a virtual ball on the surface topography of the respective structured fabric when occurring by the data processing simulation of the surface topography (14) of the tissue paper at least, and thereby determines the resulting penetration depth of this virtual ball (Rolling-Ball method), and that over the determined penetration depth a virtual surface is spanned, which corresponds to the simulated surface topography (14) of the tissue paper.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass für den Vergleich der simulierten Oberflächentopographie (14) des Tissuepapiers mit der Oberflächentopographie (10) des in dem Herstellungsprozess mittels des bereits verwendeten strukturierten Siebes tatsächlich hergestellten Tissuepapiers die jeweils erhaltenen Daten einer Fourieranalyse unterzogen und die Flächenrauhigkeiten der beiden erhaltenen Bilder bestimmt werden.Method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
in that, for the comparison of the simulated surface topography (14) of the tissue paper with the surface topography (10) of the tissue paper actually produced in the manufacturing process by means of the already used structured screen, the respectively obtained data are subjected to a Fourier analysis and the surface roughnesses of the two obtained images are determined.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Kalibrierung des für die Simulation verwendeten Algorithmus zumindest teilweise über den Durchmesser des virtuellen Balles erfolgt.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the calibration of the algorithm used for the simulation is at least partially over the diameter of the virtual ball.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Kalibrierung des für die Simulation verwendeten Algorithmus zumindest überwiegend über den Durchmesser des virtuellen Balles erfolgt.Method according to claim 4,
characterized,
in that the calibration of the algorithm used for the simulation takes place at least predominantly over the diameter of the virtual ball.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass bei der durch die Datenverarbeitung erfolgenden Simulation der Oberflächentopographie (14) des Tissuepapiers zwei oder mehr als zwei virtuelle Bälle eingesetzt werden, die vorzugsweise hintereinander liegend auf der Oberflächentopographie des jeweiligen strukturierten Siebes abgerollt werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that two or more than two virtual balls are used in the data processing occurring by the simulation of the surface topography (14) of the tissue paper which are preferably unrolled behind the other on the surface topography of the respective structured fabric.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die verschiedenen virtuellen Bälle zumindest teilweise einen unterschiedlichen Durchmesser besitzen.Method according to claim 6,
characterized,
that the different virtual balls at least partially have a different diameter.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass mit der Kalibrierung des für die Simulation verwendeten Algorithmus Randbedingungen des Papierherstellungsprozess berücksichtigt werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the calibration of the algorithm used for the simulation takes into account the constraints of the papermaking process.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die berücksichtigten Randbedingungen des Papierherstellungsprozesses Randbedingungen der betreffenden Tissuemaschine sowie Eigenschaften des initialen, noch nicht mit der betreffenden Struktur versehenen Tissuepapiers umfassen.Method according to claim 8,
characterized,
that the boundary conditions of the papermaking process considered include the boundary conditions of the tissue machine concerned as well as properties of the initial tissue paper not yet provided with the relevant structure.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die berücksichtigten Randbedingungen der betreffenden Tissuemaschine das erzeugte Vakuum und/oder den Luftstrom umfassen, durch das bzw. den das Tissuepapier beim Einprägen der Struktur in die Oberfläche des strukturierten Siebes eingezogen wird.Method according to claim 9,
characterized,
that the considered boundary conditions of the respective tissue machine comprise the generated vacuum and / or the air flow, through which the tissue paper is drawn when impressing the structure in the surface of the structured screen.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die berücksichtigten Eigenschaften des initialen, noch nicht mit der betreffenden Struktur versehenen Tissuepapiers dessen Biegesteifigkeit umfassen.Method according to claim 9 or 10,
characterized,
that the properties taken into consideration of the initial tissue paper, which has not yet been provided with the relevant structure, include its flexural rigidity.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Sensor einen 3D-Oberflächenscanner umfasst.Device according to claim 14,
characterized,
that the sensor comprises a 3D surface scanner.
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| US10482202B2 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2019-11-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for modeling a manufacturing process for a product |
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| DE19632269A1 (en) | 1995-08-11 | 1997-02-13 | Westvaco Corp | Device and method for analyzing the topography of a paper surface |
| DE19913926A1 (en) | 1999-03-26 | 2000-09-28 | Voith Sulzer Papiertech Patent | Manufacture and control of quality in band of paper, requires sensors at headbox discharge, and locations throughout plant, measurements being computer coordinated and used in control model |
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| US5624532A (en) * | 1995-02-15 | 1997-04-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for enhancing the bulk softness of tissue paper and product therefrom |
| US5840403A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-11-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Multi-elevational tissue paper containing selectively disposed chemical papermaking additive |
| EP1149552A1 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2001-10-31 | Georgia-Pacific France | Absorbent paper product such as serviettes or handkerchiefs, processes for the manufacture of such a product and devices for the carrying out of such processes |
| US7407560B2 (en) * | 2001-02-16 | 2008-08-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Lotioned and embossed tissue paper |
| DE10129613A1 (en) * | 2001-06-20 | 2003-01-02 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Method and device for producing a fibrous web provided with a three-dimensional surface structure |
| EP1331308A1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-07-30 | Georgia-Pacific France | A creped sheet of absorbent paper, a roll for the embossing and a process incorporating the same |
| US6797115B2 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2004-09-28 | Metso Paper Karlstad Ab | Method and apparatus for making a creped tissue with improved tactile qualities while improving handling of the web |
| US7442278B2 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2008-10-28 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Fabric crepe and in fabric drying process for producing absorbent sheet |
| DE102005046907A1 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-12 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Method and device for producing a tissue web |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE19632269A1 (en) | 1995-08-11 | 1997-02-13 | Westvaco Corp | Device and method for analyzing the topography of a paper surface |
| DE19913926A1 (en) | 1999-03-26 | 2000-09-28 | Voith Sulzer Papiertech Patent | Manufacture and control of quality in band of paper, requires sensors at headbox discharge, and locations throughout plant, measurements being computer coordinated and used in control model |
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