EP2140953B1 - Method for stamping metal parts - Google Patents
Method for stamping metal parts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2140953B1 EP2140953B1 EP09164491A EP09164491A EP2140953B1 EP 2140953 B1 EP2140953 B1 EP 2140953B1 EP 09164491 A EP09164491 A EP 09164491A EP 09164491 A EP09164491 A EP 09164491A EP 2140953 B1 EP2140953 B1 EP 2140953B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- stamping
- gas
- surfactant compound
- dies
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
- B21D22/201—Work-pieces; preparation of the work-pieces, e.g. lubricating, coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/18—Lubricating, e.g. lubricating tool and workpiece simultaneously
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/16—Carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for stamping metal parts, which uses a lubricating composition, see for example US-A-5,249,446 which discloses such a method using a composition containing an anionic surfactant compound.
- stamping processes cold or hot, is common to achieve high quality metal parts, including having precise dimensions and a good surface.
- a piece of metal or metal alloy is subjected to high pressure exerted by counter-matrices, possibly after having been preheated.
- the dies are machined with great precision to guarantee the reliability of the result of stamping.
- the surfaces of forgings or dies may be damaged.
- the damage may be a change in the surface condition and a change in appearance of the parts, which are no longer usable.
- damage requires at least a correction that takes time and can lead to high costs due to the cessation of production.
- the graphite generally used in stamping processes is in the form of a colloidal suspension of very fine graphite particles, in aqueous phase or in concentrated ammonia.
- the solution is sprayed on the dies of the press before the stamping operation to avoid the aforementioned damage.
- the use of a lubricant on the dies facilitates extraction of the forging out of the dies. Indeed, if a piece remains stuck in one of the matrices, the damage can be much larger and require, for example, the completion of a new matrix, or both.
- the main object of the present invention is to propose an alternative to the stamping methods currently used, by proposing a method that does not present a danger for the health of its users, and that is ecological.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a stamping process which ensures an immaculate appearance on the surface of the stamped metal or metal alloy.
- the application of the lubricant composition obtained according to the invention to the parts before carrying out a stamping operation guarantees a good quality of the part obtained as well as its extraction from the dies.
- the Applicant has unexpectedly found that injection of a gas in the lubricating composition in which the parts before stamping are quenched, provides a lubrication quality superior to that obtained with the methods of the state of the art.
- the process according to the invention is distinguished by its absence of toxicity.
- the lubricating composition comprises between 1 and 20%, preferably between 2 and 15%, and more preferably between 4 and 9%, by weight, of an anionic surfactant compound relative to its total mass, and less of 10%, preferably less than 5% and more preferably less than 2%, by weight, of an amphoteric or nonionic surfactant compound, based on its total mass.
- any known surfactant meeting the criteria required for the practice of the present invention may be used. Those skilled in the art will not encounter any particular difficulty in selecting surfactants that meet their specific needs. Preferably, the surfactants retained will not be toxic to the users of the lubricant composition used according to the present invention and will have a high biodegradability.
- alkyl sulphates alkylarylsulphates
- Such compounds are 90% biodegradable.
- composition just described is clean, from an environmental point of view, odorless and non-toxic.
- the gas bubbling into the lubricating composition can be injected into the lubricant composition at a pressure of between 2 and 15 bar, preferably between 5 and 10 bar.
- the gas used may preferably be carbon dioxide, but any other suitable gas may be used.
- the lubricating composition can be prepared according to step a) in a bath, into which said gas is injected according to step b), the workpiece to be stamped then being dipped in said bath according to step c ).
- a bath containing demineralised water, about 6% by weight of an anionic surfactant soap, and less than 2% by weight of a nonionic surfactant can be made.
- Carbon dioxide is injected into the bath with a pressure of 5 bar.
- the pieces placed in a basket are soaked in the bath and then stamped.
- the parts obtained according to the process of the invention have a beautiful appearance and the stamping process does not present a danger to the health of its users.
- the method according to the invention more particularly applies, as a non-limiting indication, to the stamping of precious metal parts, of steel, of any type, stainless steel, brass, titanium or titanium alloy, of zirconium or zirconium alloy, tantalum or tantalum alloy, these components being commonly used for example in the manufacture of watch cases and other timepieces.
- the skilled person can adapt the teaching of the present invention to the stamping of metals or alloys other than those mentioned without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the process according to the invention mainly concerns cold processes.
- the method according to the invention can also be advantageously used in a hot stamping process without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the part can be heated between 700 ° C and 1000 ° C.
- the stamping of titanium alloy parts is usually carried out at a temperature between about 800 ° C and 920 ° C.
- the first steps of the stamping method according to the present invention can be implemented in a simple manner, before stamping a part by applying a pressure on a piece, of volume and dimensions adapted to obtain this piece, through antagonistic matrices of a press.
- the Applicant has found that the application of a lubricating composition on the dies, in combination with the application of the lubricant composition on the billet before proceeding to stamping, as described in the prior art, was not necessary to ensure a good quality surface finish.
- the original color of the stamped part which is a function of its composition, is not affected by the stamping process in which the lubricant composition according to the present invention is applied to the parts.
- parts stamped in this way have a better surface condition than those obtained by the processes of the prior art, insofar as the microcracks visible on the latter do not appear.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé d'étampage de pièces métalliques, qui utilise une composition lubrifiante, voir par exemple
La mise en oeuvre de procédés d'étampage, à froid ou à chaud, est courante pour réaliser des pièces métalliques de haute qualité, notamment présentant des dimensions précises ainsi qu'un bon état de surface. Dans ces procédés, un lopin de métal ou d'alliage métallique est soumis à une pression élevée exercée par des matrices antagonistes, éventuellement après avoir été chauffé au préalable. Les matrices sont usinées avec une grande précision pour garantir la fiabilité du résultat de l'étampage.The implementation of stamping processes, cold or hot, is common to achieve high quality metal parts, including having precise dimensions and a good surface. In these processes, a piece of metal or metal alloy is subjected to high pressure exerted by counter-matrices, possibly after having been preheated. The dies are machined with great precision to guarantee the reliability of the result of stamping.
Etant donné les rudes conditions de mise en oeuvre de ces procédés, les surfaces des pièces forgées ou des matrices peuvent subir des dommages. Dans le cas des pièces, les dommages peuvent être une modification de l'état de surface et un changement d'aspect des pièces, qui ne sont donc plus utilisables. Dans le cas des matrices, des dommages nécessitent au minimum une rectification qui prend du temps et peut engendrer des coûts élevés du fait de l'arrêt de la production.Given the harsh conditions for carrying out these methods, the surfaces of forgings or dies may be damaged. In the case of parts, the damage may be a change in the surface condition and a change in appearance of the parts, which are no longer usable. In the case of dies, damage requires at least a correction that takes time and can lead to high costs due to the cessation of production.
Diverses solutions techniques ont été proposées dans l'art antérieur pour limiter, voire éviter, de telles complications.Various technical solutions have been proposed in the prior art to limit or even avoid such complications.
A titre d'exemple, le brevet
Plus précisément, le graphite généralement utilisé dans les procédés d'étampage se présente sous la forme d'une suspension colloïdale de particules de graphite très fines, en phase aqueuse ou dans de l'ammoniaque concentré. La solution est pulvérisée sur les matrices de la presse avant l'opération d'étampage pour éviter les dommages susmentionnés.More specifically, the graphite generally used in stamping processes is in the form of a colloidal suspension of very fine graphite particles, in aqueous phase or in concentrated ammonia. The solution is sprayed on the dies of the press before the stamping operation to avoid the aforementioned damage.
En outre, l'utilisation d'un lubrifiant sur les matrices facilite l'extraction de la pièce forgée hors des matrices. En effet, si une pièce reste collée dans l'une des matrices, les dommages peuvent être bien plus grands et nécessiter, par exemple, la réalisation complète d'une nouvelle matrice, voire des deux.In addition, the use of a lubricant on the dies facilitates extraction of the forging out of the dies. Indeed, if a piece remains stuck in one of the matrices, the damage can be much larger and require, for example, the completion of a new matrix, or both.
Cependant, les suspensions de graphite disponibles sur le marché contiennent toutes des traces de silice cristalline, que l'on trouve dans le graphite naturel et, qui présente l'inconvénient majeur d'être cancérigène. De plus, les pièces étampées ont tendance à intégrer du fer, présent dans le graphite à l'état de traces, lors de l'application de la pression, du fait des changements de phase cristalline impliqués dans cette opération, ce qui leur donne un aspect déprécié lié à l'apparition d'une coloration noire. Ce dernier inconvénient est particulièrement sensible lorsque les pièces étampées sont en un métal ou alliage métallique clair, comme par exemple en titane.However, graphite suspensions available on the market all contain traces of crystalline silica, found in natural graphite and which has the major disadvantage of being carcinogenic. In addition, the stamped pieces tend to integrate iron, present in the graphite in the form of traces, during the application of the pressure, because of the crystalline phase changes involved in this operation, which gives them a depreciated aspect related to the appearance of a black coloring. This last disadvantage is particularly noticeable when the stamped parts are made of a metal or light metal alloy, such as for example titanium.
On peut noter que, pour tenter de résoudre le problème ci-dessus, du nitrure de bore, parfois appelé "graphite blanc", a été utilisé comme lubrifiant en remplacement du graphite. Toutefois, le prix très élevé de ce produit, également toxique, le rend impropre à une utilisation régulière.It may be noted that, in an attempt to solve the above problem, boron nitride, sometimes called "white graphite", has been used as a lubricant to replace graphite. However, the very high price of this product, which is also toxic, makes it unsuitable for regular use.
La présente invention a pour but principal de proposer une alternative aux procédés d'étampage actuellement utilisés, en proposant un procédé qui ne présente pas de danger pour la santé de ses utilisateurs, et qui soit écologique.The main object of the present invention is to propose an alternative to the stamping methods currently used, by proposing a method that does not present a danger for the health of its users, and that is ecological.
Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé d'étampage garantissant un aspect immaculé à la surface du métal ou à l'alliage métallique étampé.Another object of the present invention is to provide a stamping process which ensures an immaculate appearance on the surface of the stamped metal or metal alloy.
A cet effet, la présente invention concerne plus particulièrement un procédé d'étampage d'une pièce en métal ou alliage métallique au moyen de matrices d'une presse comprenant les étapes suivantes:
- a) préparer une composition lubrifiante comprenant, en solution aqueuse, au moins un composé tensioactif de type anionique et, au moins un composé tensioactif de type amphotère ou non ionique;
- b) faire barboter un gaz dans ladite composition;
- c) appliquer sur ladite pièce la composition issue de l'étape b);
- d) étamper ladite pièce par application d'une pression sur un lopin, de volume et dimensions adaptés à l'obtention de ladite pièce, par l'intermédiaire desdites matrices
- a) preparing a lubricating composition comprising, in aqueous solution, at least one anionic surfactant compound and at least one amphoteric or nonionic surfactant compound;
- b) bubbling a gas in said composition;
- c) applying to said part the composition resulting from step b);
- d) stamping said workpiece by applying a pressure on a billet, of volume and dimensions adapted to obtain said workpiece, by means of said dies
Grâce à ces caractéristiques particulières, l'application de la composition lubrifiante obtenue selon l'invention sur les pièces avant de procéder à une opération d'étampage garantit une bonne qualité de la pièce obtenue ainsi que son extraction hors des matrices.Thanks to these particular characteristics, the application of the lubricant composition obtained according to the invention to the parts before carrying out a stamping operation guarantees a good quality of the part obtained as well as its extraction from the dies.
En effet, tandis que les tensioactifs de type anioniques sont couramment utilisés dans le domaine des savons et les tensioactifs de type non ionique dans les domaines de la cosmétique et de la pharmaceutique, la Demanderesse a constaté, de manière inattendue, que l'injection d'un gaz dans la composition lubrifiante dans laquelle sont trempées les pièces avant étampage, procure une lubrification de qualité supérieure à celle obtenue avec les procédés de l'état de la technique. De plus, le procédé selon l'invention se distingue par son absence de toxicité.Indeed, while anionic surfactants are commonly used in the field of soaps and nonionic surfactants in the fields of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, the Applicant has unexpectedly found that injection of a gas in the lubricating composition in which the parts before stamping are quenched, provides a lubrication quality superior to that obtained with the methods of the state of the art. In addition, the process according to the invention is distinguished by its absence of toxicity.
Il est même ressorti de ces expériences, qu'en particulier dans le cas des aciers inoxydables, l'état de surface des pièces étampées est meilleur qu'avec les procédés de l'état de la technique.It has even emerged from these experiments that, particularly in the case of stainless steels, the surface finish of the stamped pieces is better than with the processes of the state of the art.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description détaillée d'un mode de réalisation préféré qui suit.Other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description of a preferred embodiment which follows.
Conformément à la présente invention, le procédé d'étampage d'une pièce en métal ou alliage métallique au moyen de matrices d'une presse comprend les étapes suivantes:
- a) préparer une composition lubrifiante comprenant, en solution aqueuse, au moins un composé tensioactif de type anionique et, au moins un composé tensioactif de type amphotère ou non ionique;
- b) faire barboter un gaz dans ladite composition;
- c) appliquer sur ladite pièce la composition issue de l'étape b);
- d) étamper ladite pièce par application d'une pression sur un lopin, de volume et dimensions adaptés à l'obtention de ladite pièce, par l'intermédiaire desdites matrices.
- a) preparing a lubricating composition comprising, in aqueous solution, at least one anionic surfactant compound and at least one amphoteric or nonionic surfactant compound;
- b) bubbling a gas in said composition;
- c) applying to said part the composition resulting from step b);
- d) stamping said workpiece by applying a pressure on a billet, of volume and dimensions adapted to obtain said workpiece, by means of said dies.
De préférence, la composition lubrifiante comprend entre 1 et 20%, de préférence entre 2 et 15%, et plus préférentiellement entre 4 et 9%, en poids, d'un composé tensioactif de type anionique par rapport à sa masse totale, et moins de 10%, de préférence moins de 5% et plus préférentiellement moins de 2%, en poids, d'un composé tensioactif amphotère ou non ionique, par rapport à sa masse totale.Preferably, the lubricating composition comprises between 1 and 20%, preferably between 2 and 15%, and more preferably between 4 and 9%, by weight, of an anionic surfactant compound relative to its total mass, and less of 10%, preferably less than 5% and more preferably less than 2%, by weight, of an amphoteric or nonionic surfactant compound, based on its total mass.
En ce qui concerne les agents tensioactifs, tout agent tensioactif connu répondant aux critères requis pour la mise en oeuvre de la présente invention pourra être utilisé. L'homme du métier ne rencontrera pas de difficulté particulière pour sélectionner des agents tensioactifs répondant à ses besoins spécifiques. De manière préférée, les agents tensioactifs retenus ne seront pas toxiques pour les utilisateurs de la composition lubrifiante utilisée selon la présente invention et présenteront une biodégradabilité élevée.With regard to surfactants, any known surfactant meeting the criteria required for the practice of the present invention may be used. Those skilled in the art will not encounter any particular difficulty in selecting surfactants that meet their specific needs. Preferably, the surfactants retained will not be toxic to the users of the lubricant composition used according to the present invention and will have a high biodegradability.
A titre d'exemple non limitatif, on pourra utiliser l'un ou plusieurs des composés suivants en guise d'agent tensioactif de type anionique: des alkylsulfates, des alkylarylsulfates, des savons (R-CH2-COO-Na, avec R= C10 à C16) ou encore des alkylbenzènesulfonates (ou ABS, R-C6H4-SO3-Na, avec R=C10 à C13). De tels composés sont biodégradables à 90%.By way of non-limiting example, one or more of the following compounds may be used as surfactant of the anionic type: alkyl sulphates, alkylarylsulphates, soaps (R-CH 2 -COO-Na, with R = C 10 to C 16 ) or alkylbenzenesulfonates (or ABS, RC 6 H 4 -SO 3 -Na, with R = C 10 to C 13 ). Such compounds are 90% biodegradable.
De même, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, on pourra utiliser l'un ou plusieurs des composés suivants en guise d'agent tensioactif de type non ionique: des alcools polyéthylèneglycoléther (R-CH2-O-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H, avec R=C10 à C18) ou des alkylphénoléthoxylates (R-C6H4-O-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H, avec R=C8 à C12). Ces composés sont également biodégradables à 90%.Similarly, by way of non-limiting example, one or more of the following compounds may be used as a nonionic surfactant: polyethylene glycol ether alcohols (R-CH 2 -O- (CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -H, with R = C 10 -C 18 ) or alkylphenolethoxylates (RC 6 H 4 -O- (CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -H, with R = C 8 -C 12 ). These compounds are also 90% biodegradable.
Il est important de relever que la composition qui vient d'être décrite est propre, du point de vue environnemental, inodore et non toxique.It is important to note that the composition just described is clean, from an environmental point of view, odorless and non-toxic.
On pourra avantageusement utiliser majoritairement de l'eau déminéralisée pour produire la composition lubrifiante afin d'optimiser les qualités de cette dernière.It may advantageously be used mainly demineralized water to produce the lubricant composition to optimize the qualities of the latter.
Le gaz barbotant dans la composition lubrifiante peut être injecté dans la composition lubrifiante à une pression comprise entre 2 et 15 bars, de préférence entre 5 et 10 bars.The gas bubbling into the lubricating composition can be injected into the lubricant composition at a pressure of between 2 and 15 bar, preferably between 5 and 10 bar.
Le gaz utilisé pourra être de préférence du dioxyde de carbone, mais tout autre gaz approprié pourra être utilisé.The gas used may preferably be carbon dioxide, but any other suitable gas may be used.
D'une manière avantageuse, la composition lubrifiante peut être préparée selon l'étape a) dans un bain, dans lequel est injecté ledit gaz selon l'étape b), la pièce à étamper étant ensuite trempée dans ledit bain selon l'étape c).Advantageously, the lubricating composition can be prepared according to step a) in a bath, into which said gas is injected according to step b), the workpiece to be stamped then being dipped in said bath according to step c ).
Ainsi, à titre d'exemple, on peut réaliser un bain contenant de l'eau déminéralisée, environ 6% en poids d'un tensioactif anionique de type savon, et moins de 2% en poids d'un tensioactif non ionique. Du dioxyde de carbone est injecté dans le bain avec une pression de 5 bars. Les pièces placées dans un panier sont trempées dans le bain puis étampées.Thus, for example, a bath containing demineralised water, about 6% by weight of an anionic surfactant soap, and less than 2% by weight of a nonionic surfactant can be made. Carbon dioxide is injected into the bath with a pressure of 5 bar. The pieces placed in a basket are soaked in the bath and then stamped.
Les pièces obtenues selon le procédé de l'invention présentent un bel aspect et le procédé d'étampage ne présente pas de danger pour la santé de ses utilisateurs.The parts obtained according to the process of the invention have a beautiful appearance and the stamping process does not present a danger to the health of its users.
A titre comparatif, les pièces ont été trempées dans un bain identique mais dans lequel aucun gaz n'est injecté. L'étampage n'a pas pu être réalisé dû au grippage de la matrice.For comparison, the parts were soaked in an identical bath but in which no gas is injected. Stamping could not be achieved due to seizing of the die.
Le procédé selon l'invention s'applique plus particulièrement, à titre indicatif non limitatif, à l'étampage de pièces en métaux précieux, en acier, de tout type, en acier inoxydable, en laiton, en titane ou en alliage de titane, en zirconium ou en alliage de zirconium, en tantale ou en alliage de tantale, ces composants étant couramment utilisés par exemple dans la manufacture de boîtes de montre et toute autre pièce d'horlogerie. Bien entendu, l'homme du métier pourra adapter l'enseignement de la présente invention à l'étampage de métaux ou alliages autres que ceux cités sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.The method according to the invention more particularly applies, as a non-limiting indication, to the stamping of precious metal parts, of steel, of any type, stainless steel, brass, titanium or titanium alloy, of zirconium or zirconium alloy, tantalum or tantalum alloy, these components being commonly used for example in the manufacture of watch cases and other timepieces. Of course, the skilled person can adapt the teaching of the present invention to the stamping of metals or alloys other than those mentioned without departing from the scope of the invention.
En outre, le procédé selon l'invention concerne principalement les procédés réalisés à froid.In addition, the process according to the invention mainly concerns cold processes.
Toutefois, le procédé selon l'invention peut également être avantageusement utilisé dans un procédé d'étampage à chaud sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention. Dans ce cas, la pièce peut être chauffée entre 700°C et 1000°C. A titre d'exemple non limitatif, l'étampage de pièces en alliage à base de titane est habituellement effectué à une température comprise entre environ 800°C et 920°C.However, the method according to the invention can also be advantageously used in a hot stamping process without departing from the scope of the present invention. In this case, the part can be heated between 700 ° C and 1000 ° C. By way of non-limiting example, the stamping of titanium alloy parts is usually carried out at a temperature between about 800 ° C and 920 ° C.
Par ailleurs, grâce à ses caractéristiques particulières lui conférant une efficacité élevée, les premières étapes du procédé d'étampage selon la présente invention peuvent être mises en oeuvre de manière simple, avant de réaliser l'étampage d'une pièce par application d'une pression sur un lopin, de volume et dimensions adaptés à l'obtention de cette pièce, par l'intermédiaire de matrices antagonistes d'une presse.Moreover, thanks to its particular characteristics giving it a high efficiency, the first steps of the stamping method according to the present invention can be implemented in a simple manner, before stamping a part by applying a pressure on a piece, of volume and dimensions adapted to obtain this piece, through antagonistic matrices of a press.
La Demanderesse a constaté que l'application d'une composition lubrifiante sur les matrices, en combinaison avec l'application de la composition lubrifiante sur le lopin avant de procéder à l'étampage, tel que cela est décrit dans l'art antérieur, n'était pas nécessaire pour assurer un état de surface de bonne qualité.The Applicant has found that the application of a lubricating composition on the dies, in combination with the application of the lubricant composition on the billet before proceeding to stamping, as described in the prior art, was not necessary to ensure a good quality surface finish.
De manière avantageuse, la coloration originale de la pièce étampée, qui est fonction de sa composition, n'est pas altérée par le procédé d'étampage au cours duquel la composition lubrifiante selon la présente invention est appliquée sur les pièces. En outre, tel que cela a déjà été soulevé, il convient d'insister sur le fait que les pièces étampées de cette manière présentent un état de surface meilleur que celles obtenues par les procédés de l'art antérieur, dans la mesure où les microfissures visibles sur ces dernières n'apparaissent pas.Advantageously, the original color of the stamped part, which is a function of its composition, is not affected by the stamping process in which the lubricant composition according to the present invention is applied to the parts. In addition, as already mentioned, it should be emphasized that parts stamped in this way have a better surface condition than those obtained by the processes of the prior art, insofar as the microcracks visible on the latter do not appear.
La description qui précède correspond à un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention décrit à titre non limitatif. En particulier, la nature des réactifs décrits pour réaliser la composition qui ont été décrites ne sont pas limitatives sans sortir du cadre de l'invention telle que revendiquée.The foregoing description corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the invention described in a non-limiting manner. In particular, the nature of the reagents described to achieve the composition that have been described are not limiting without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
- A method for stamping a part in metal or in metal alloy by means of dies of a press comprising the following steps:a) preparing a lubricant composition comprising in an aqueous solution at least one surfactant compound of the anionic type and, at least one surfactant compound of the amphoteric or non-ionic type;b) bubbling a gas in said composition;c) applying on said part the composition from step b);d) stamping said part by applying pressure on a slug with suitable volume and dimensions for obtaining said part, via said dies.
- The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lubricant composition comprises between 1 and 20%, preferably between 2 and 15%, and more preferentially between 4 and 9% by weight of a surfactant compound of the anionic type, based on its total mass, and less than 10%, preferably less than 5% and more preferentially less than 2% by weight of an amphoteric or non-ionic surfactant compound, based on its total mass.
- The method according to any of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the lubricant composition contains at least in majority demineralized water.
- The method according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the gas bubbling in the lubricant composition is injected into said composition at a pressure comprised between 2 and 15 bars, preferably between 5 and 10 bars.
- The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said gas is carbon dioxide.
- The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said lubricant composition is prepared according to step a) in a bath into which said gas is injected according to step b), the part to be stamped being soaked in said bath according to step c).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH01045/08A CH699084B1 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2008-07-04 | Process die forming of metal parts. |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2140953A1 EP2140953A1 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
EP2140953A8 EP2140953A8 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
EP2140953B1 true EP2140953B1 (en) | 2011-12-28 |
Family
ID=41226291
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09164491A Not-in-force EP2140953B1 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2009-07-03 | Method for stamping metal parts |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2140953B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE538885T1 (en) |
CH (1) | CH699084B1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2650219B1 (en) * | 1989-07-06 | 1991-10-04 | Pechiney Rhenalu | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING MULTI-LAYERED MATERIALS SUITABLE FOR TRANSFORMATION BY STAMPING OR STAMPING IN HOLLOW BODY |
FR2651700B1 (en) * | 1989-09-11 | 1994-10-14 | Lorraine Laminage | METHOD FOR STAMPING A METAL SHEET. |
US5249446A (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 1993-10-05 | Aluminum Company Of America | Process for making an aluminum alloy finstock lubricated by a water-microemulsifiable composition |
US5743121A (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1998-04-28 | General Electric Company | Reducible glass lubricants for metalworking |
US20030181340A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2003-09-25 | Botz Frank K. | Lubricants suitable for hydroforming and other metal manipulating applications |
-
2008
- 2008-07-04 CH CH01045/08A patent/CH699084B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2009
- 2009-07-03 AT AT09164491T patent/ATE538885T1/en active
- 2009-07-03 EP EP09164491A patent/EP2140953B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE538885T1 (en) | 2012-01-15 |
CH699084A2 (en) | 2010-01-15 |
CH699084B1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
EP2140953A1 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
EP2140953A8 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3090645B1 (en) | Method for mounting a decorative element on a mounting and said mounting | |
WO2010006887A1 (en) | Decorative item produced by inlaying | |
EP3354769A1 (en) | Method for manufacturing parts made by powder metallurgy comprising the application of a coating | |
EP3141520A1 (en) | Method for manufacturing a micromechanical timepiece part and said micromechanical timepiece part | |
EP3220212A1 (en) | Method for decorating a timepiece component | |
EP2140953B1 (en) | Method for stamping metal parts | |
CA2479060A1 (en) | Coating composition for a metal substrate | |
EP3121297B1 (en) | Method for obtaining a trim component in platinum alloy | |
WO2008052378A2 (en) | Timepiece | |
EP1180552B1 (en) | Method for surface treatment of mechanical pieces subjected to wear and corrosion | |
EP0801154B1 (en) | Process for conditioning the copper or copper alloy external surface of a continuous casting mould comprising a nickel plating step and a nickel removing step | |
EP1051533B1 (en) | Manufacturing process of titanium alloy watch parts | |
CH707351A2 (en) | Decoration part for use in e.g. clock element such as dial, has set of cleavage lines of stones mounted in and out with regard to each other such that single base is masked, where material is provided as partially amorphous alloy | |
FR2871814A1 (en) | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING COATED ALUMINUM ALLOY BANDS FOR PERFORMING DECORATIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHIC QUALITY BY DRY TRANSFER | |
CA3160425A1 (en) | Method for treating a part made of ferrous metal, and part made of ferrous metal | |
CH711501A2 (en) | A method for manufacturing a micromechanical watchpiece and a micromechanical watchpiece. | |
WO2000054907A1 (en) | Method for forming metal parts by cold deformation | |
CH716877A2 (en) | Process of chemical matification of a decorative article. | |
WO2023156201A1 (en) | Horological jewel and method for manufacturing such a jewel | |
CH712264A2 (en) | Method of decorating a watch component | |
MAST et al. | The effect of the pre-treatment of aluminium alloy 4045 on the zincate immersion process | |
CH208588A (en) | Acier austénitique. | |
EP2796065A1 (en) | Invisible set decoration element | |
EP1029936A1 (en) | Zinc alloy for production of high quality pieces | |
FR2469979A1 (en) | Cast cutting tool steel - has rare earth metal content, pref. also niobium and/or zirconium, and is surface carburised after casting (HU 28.12.79) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20100216 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 538885 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20120115 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602009004325 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20120301 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: NV Representative=s name: GLN S.A. |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: VDEP Effective date: 20111228 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20120328 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 |
|
LTIE | Lt: invalidation of european patent or patent extension |
Effective date: 20111228 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20120329 Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FD4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20120328 Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20120428 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20120430 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 538885 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20111228 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20121001 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PCAR Free format text: NEW ADDRESS: AVENUE EDOUARD-DUBOIS 20, 2000 NEUCHATEL (CH) |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602009004325 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20121001 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: JOSEPH BAUME SA Effective date: 20120731 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20120731 Ref country code: MK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20130329 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20130201 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20120408 Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20120731 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20120731 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 602009004325 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20130201 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20130703 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20130703 Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20120703 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20090703 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PFA Owner name: JOSEPH BAUME SA, CH Free format text: FORMER OWNER: JOSEPH BAUME SA, CH |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20180801 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: NV Representative=s name: BOVARD SA NEUCHATEL CONSEILS EN PROPRIETE INTE, CH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190731 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190731 |