EP2138679A1 - Siège de soupape - Google Patents

Siège de soupape Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2138679A1
EP2138679A1 EP08159248A EP08159248A EP2138679A1 EP 2138679 A1 EP2138679 A1 EP 2138679A1 EP 08159248 A EP08159248 A EP 08159248A EP 08159248 A EP08159248 A EP 08159248A EP 2138679 A1 EP2138679 A1 EP 2138679A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve seat
seat insert
insert
valve
cylinder head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08159248A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2138679B1 (fr
Inventor
Jan Dahlgren
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volvo Car Corp
Original Assignee
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ford Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Ford Global Technologies LLC
Priority to DE200860005004 priority Critical patent/DE602008005004D1/de
Priority to EP20080159248 priority patent/EP2138679B1/fr
Priority to CN2009201568327U priority patent/CN201568097U/zh
Publication of EP2138679A1 publication Critical patent/EP2138679A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2138679B1 publication Critical patent/EP2138679B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/22—Valve-seats not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group; Fixing of valve-seats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a valve arrangement and a valve seat insert which substantially prevents corrosion within an engine cylinder head.
  • Valve seat inserts are used in automotive vehicles and are typically and operatively disposed within the cylinder head of a vehicle engine. Particularly, valve seat inserts are selectively forced or press-fitted into a "pocket" or cavity within the cylinder head and are typically manufactured from a relatively hard, wear-resistant and heat-resistant material, such as a cast or sintered metal material. When operatively installed, the valve seat inserts are effective to provide a seating surface for the engine's valves, thereby allowing the valves to selectively open and close. While these valve seats or valve seat inserts provide a strong and durable seating surface for the engine's valves, they suffer from some drawbacks.
  • one such drawback arises from the press-fit engagement or mating of the valve seat insert within the cavity or pocket of the cylinder head.
  • the press-fit mating of the valve seat insert results in the formation of a minute gap or crevice between the "top” or back surface of the cavity and the "top” surface of the valve seat insert, which abuts against the "top” or back surface of the cavity.
  • liquid or fuel passes into this gap and becomes “trapped” or held within the gap. While this "trapped" or held fuel is relatively benign in traditional or conventional engines which burn fuel containing a relatively low percentage of ethanol, it can cause severe damage to engines which burn fuel containing a relatively high percentage of ethanol or a similar fuel.
  • the trapped or held fuel may form and/or promote the formation of corrosive acids or by-products which corrode the cylinder head. Over time, this corrosion may become extremely severe, especially in cylinder heads which are manufactured from an aluminium material or alloy, and will oftentimes break or wear through to the engine's water jacket, thereby causing engine failure.
  • US 6 260 531 shows a solution where a plurality of notches are formed on the top surface of a valve seat insert, to form a plurality of passages between an intake conduit and an annular cavity around the outer periphery of the top surface.
  • the plurality of passages is intended to substantially prevent fuel from becoming trapped between the top surface and the cylinder head, thereby preventing corrosion of the cylinder head.
  • a problem with this solution is that, in spite of the passages provided, fuel may accumulate in the annular space and cause corrosion of the cylinder head.
  • valve seat insert which overcomes some if not all of the drawbacks of prior valve seat inserts.
  • upper and lower are defined in relation to the relative positions of an intake valve and a combustion chamber in a longitudinal or transverse internal combustion engine with a crankcase located below the combustion chamber and its associated cylinder head. According to this definition of upper and lower, a lower surface in the valve arrangement is facing the cylinder or combustion chamber while an upper surface is located remote from the cylinder or combustion chamber.
  • the invention relates to a valve arrangement in a cylinder head in an internal combustion engine comprising at least one combustion chamber provided with at least one intake valve cooperating with a valve seat insert.
  • the valve seat insert may be arranged in a cavity in the cylinder head and has a first surface facing the combustion chamber and a second surface facing a corresponding surface in the cylinder head.
  • the valve seat insert is arranged to cooperate with an intake valve as the valve opens to admit an air/fuel mixture into the combustion chamber and closes to allow the air/fuel mixture to be compressed and ignited.
  • the invention is directed to a valve arrangement and a valve seat insert adapted for substantially preventing corrosion of the cylinder head caused by corrosive fuels, only the intake valve arrangement will be discussed.
  • the valve seat arrangement is provided with means for conveying pressure from the combustion chamber to the outer periphery of the valve seat insert.
  • the valve seat arrangement preferably comprises an annular chamber in or around the outer periphery of the valve seat insert.
  • the annular chamber may comprise a bevel at the upper edge of the valve seat insert or an annular groove in cylinder head adjacent the said second, or upper, surface of the valve seat insert.
  • the valve seat arrangement may comprise at least one drilled hole extending through the cylinder head from the combustion chamber to the outer periphery of the valve seat adjacent the second surface.
  • at least one hole is provided in the cylinder head, from a location radially remote from the outer periphery of the valve seat insert into the annular chamber around the outer periphery of the valve seat insert.
  • the at least one hole can be achieved during the casting of the cylinder head or be drilled or otherwise machined in a subsequent process.
  • the number and size of holes provided is dependent on a desired predetermined pressure gradient between the outer periphery of the insert and the intake port.
  • valve seat arrangement may comprise a valve seat insert with means for conveying pressure through or past the valve seat insert itself towards the second surface.
  • the valve seat insert may comprise means for conveying pressure past the insert.
  • Such means may comprise at least one substantially axial groove in the outer periphery of the valve seat.
  • Said at least one groove should preferably extend from the first to the second surface of the valve seat insert.
  • up to between 3 and 6 grooves may be provided to give a predetermined pressure gradient between the outer periphery of the insert and the intake port.
  • the at least one groove may be achieved during manufacture of the insert or by subsequent machining of the outer periphery.
  • the valve seat insert may comprise means for conveying pressure through the insert.
  • Such means may comprise at least one hole extending substantially axially through the valve seat insert.
  • the hole may extend from the first surface, between the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat insert and the circular contact surface for the associated intake valve, towards the annular chamber in or around the outer periphery of the valve seat insert.
  • the hole may be provided by drilling or any other suitable machining method. The number and size of holes provided is dependent on a desired predetermined pressure gradient between the outer periphery of the insert and the intake port.
  • the valve seat insert may comprise a sintered body, wherein an outer cylindrical section of the sintered body has a lower density than an inner cylindrical section thereof.
  • the radially inner cylindrical section may have a relatively high density and be substantially impermeable to fluids such as combusted exhaust gases.
  • the outer cylindrical section of the sintered body, adjacent the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat insert is at least partially gas permeable. The thickness and/or density of the outer cylindrical section of the sintered body is determined by a desired predetermined pressure gradient between the outer periphery of the insert and the intake port.
  • the means for conveying pressure is in fluid communication with an annular chamber adjacent the second surface of the valve seat insert.
  • the annular chamber may comprise a bevelled surface around the outer periphery of an edge of the insert remote from the combustion chamber.
  • the annular chamber can be provided as a groove in the cylinder head adjacent the outer peripheral surface and/or the second surface of the valve seat insert.
  • the pressure conveyed from the combustion chamber, into the annular chamber and towards the intake conduit will vary over time.
  • the net pressure gradient will be in the direction from the combustion chamber towards the intake conduit.
  • the periods during the working cycle when there is a risk of fuel or an air/fuel mixture entering the space between the valve seat insert and the cavity in the cylinder head coincides with the compression and expansion phases of the working cycle.
  • the pressure in the combustion chamber will be significantly larger than that of the intake conduit, which ensures a net pressure gradient towards the intake conduit. Consequently, the arrangement according to the invention is effective to substantially prevent fuel from becoming trapped between the first surface and the second surface, thereby substantially preventing corrosion of the cylinder head.
  • the annular chamber provided around the outer periphery of the valve seat insert ensures an even pressure distribution and an equal pressure gradient between the outer periphery of the insert and the intake port across the entire second surface of the insert. For instance, if a single relatively large hole is used, then the annular chamber is required to distribute the pressure around the insert. Alternatively, if multiple relatively small holes are used, the annular chamber may assist in distributing the pressure around the insert if one or more holes should become clogged.
  • Particles and other substances carried by the gas will be passed into the relatively small space between the cavity in the cylinder head and the second or upper surface of the valve seat insert. Over time, said particles and other substances will clog this space and assist in preventing fuel from reaching the outer periphery of the valve seat insert
  • FIG. 1 there is shown partial cross-section of a cylinder head provided with a valve seat insert or member 10 which according to a preferred embodiment of the invention and which is adapted for use within an internal combustion engine.
  • the cylinder head 12 includes an air intake port or conduit 16 into which a liquid spray and/or vaporized fuel is injected.
  • the air/fuel mixture is intended for combustion within one of the cylinders 20 of the engine.
  • a conventional valve 14 is movably disposed within an intake port 16 in the cylinder head 12 and controls the transfer of air and fuel into the cylinder 20.
  • valve 14 is selectively movable from a first position (not shown) in which the valve 14 engages the valve seat 10, thereby preventing fuel from entering the cylinder 20, and a second position (shown in dashed lines in FIG. 1 ) in which the valve 14 is removed from the valve seat 10, thereby allowing fuel to enter the cylinder 20.
  • the cylinder head 12 further includes an integrally formed pocket or cavity 18 in which insert 10 is operatively disposed.
  • the pocket or cavity 18 is formed around or circumscribes the intake port 16 and is defined or formed by a lower surface 24 facing the cylinder and an outer cylindrical surface or perimeter 26.
  • FIG 3 shows a partial cross-section through a valve seat insert 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the valve seat insert 10 is generally circular or ring shaped and has an outer cylindrical surface 28 and an upper annular surface 30.
  • the valve seat insert 10 has an outer diameter which is slightly greater than the diameter of the outer perimeter 26 of the cavity 18, thereby allowing for a "press-fit" mating between surfaces 26 and 28.
  • the insert 10 is press-fitted into the cavity 18, effective to cause the outer annular surface 30 to abuttingly engage the lower surface 24 of the cavity 18, thereby securing the insert 10 within the cavity 18.
  • the outer cylindrical surface 28 includes an angled or bevelled portion 32 which assists in centering and/or guiding the insert 10 into the cavity 18 during the press-fitting procedure.
  • an annular chamber 40 is formed, delimited by the bevelled portion 32 of the insert and by the lower surface 24 and the outer cylindrical surface 28 of the cavity 18
  • the insert 10 further includes an inner annular surface 36 having an angled or bevelled portion or surface 34.
  • the portion or surface 34 is adapted to conformingly and sealingly receive and engage an outer surface 37 of the valve 14 (see Fig.1 ), thereby allowing valve 14 to selectively seal the intake port 16.
  • the insert 10 is preferably manufactured from a relatively durable, wear-resistant, and heat-resistant metal material, such as hardened or cast steel or iron.
  • Figure 3 further shows an axial notch or groove 38 provided in the outer cylindrical surface 28, which groove extends from the cylinder 20 to the annular chamber 40.
  • the aim of this arrangement is not to induce a flow of gas past the insert, but to prevent a flow of gas and/or fuel to accumulate between the facing surfaces 24 and 30 and thereby reach the annular chamber 40.
  • the facing surfaces 24 and 30 are in relatively close contact, the press fitted components are not in gas-tight contact. Consequently, the pressure gradient provided by the invention prevents small volumes of gas and/or fuel from entering in-between the facing surfaces 24 and 30.
  • Figure 4 shows a plan view of the valve seat insert 10 in Figure 3 .
  • the insert 10 in Figure 4 is provided with three equidistant notches 38 each separated by an angle of 120° around the outer cylindrical surface 28.
  • each notch is shaped as a part circular groove with a radius r with a depth d into the outer cylindrical surface 28.
  • the radius and depth of the grooves may be selected to achieve a desired pressure gradient between the annular chamber 40 and the intake port 16 (see Figure 1 ).
  • Figure 3 is a cross-section through the plane X-X in Figure 4 .
  • Figure 4 shows a valve seat insert 10 with three grooves 38, the number of grooves may be selected greater or larger to achieve a desired pressure gradient between the annular chamber 40 and the intake port 16.
  • Figure 5 shows a cross-section through a valve seat insert 50 according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • the groove or notch indicated in the insert in Figure 3 has been replaced by a hole 52.
  • the hole 52 is arranged to extend between the annular chamber 40 and a bevelled, lower surface 54 located radially outside the bevelled surface 34 adapted to engage the outer surface of an intake valve (see Figure 1 ).
  • the number and size of the hole or holes may be selected to achieve a desired pressure gradient between the annular chamber 40 and the intake port 16.
  • FIG. 6 shows a cross-section through a valve seat insert 60 according to a further alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • the valve seat insert 60 comprises a sintered body, wherein an outer cylindrical section 62 of the sintered body has a lower density than an inner cylindrical section 64.
  • the radially inner cylindrical section 64 has a relatively high density and is substantially impermeable to fluids such as combusted exhaust gases.
  • the outer cylindrical section 62 of the sintered body, adjacent the outer peripheral surface 66 of the valve seat insert 60 is at least partially gas permeable.
  • the thickness and/or density of the outer cylindrical section 62 of the sintered body is determined by a desired predetermined pressure gradient between the annular chamber 40 and the intake port 16.
  • Figure 7 shows a cross-section through a valve seat insert 70 according to a further alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • the groove or notch indicated in the insert in Figure 3 has been replaced by a hole 72 passing through the cylinder head 12.
  • the hole 52 is arranged to extend between the annular chamber 40 and the cylinder 20 from a position located radially outside the outer periphery of the insert 70.
  • the annular chamber 40 has been supplemented with a radial groove 74 extending into the cylinder head 12 radially outside the annular chamber 40.
  • the number and size of the hole or holes may be selected to achieve a desired pressure gradient between the annular chamber 40 and the intake port 16.
EP20080159248 2008-06-27 2008-06-27 Siège de soupape Active EP2138679B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200860005004 DE602008005004D1 (de) 2008-06-27 2008-06-27 Ventilsitz
EP20080159248 EP2138679B1 (fr) 2008-06-27 2008-06-27 Siège de soupape
CN2009201568327U CN201568097U (zh) 2008-06-27 2009-06-23 气门布置

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20080159248 EP2138679B1 (fr) 2008-06-27 2008-06-27 Siège de soupape

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2138679A1 true EP2138679A1 (fr) 2009-12-30
EP2138679B1 EP2138679B1 (fr) 2011-02-16

Family

ID=39942826

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20080159248 Active EP2138679B1 (fr) 2008-06-27 2008-06-27 Siège de soupape

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2138679B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN201568097U (fr)
DE (1) DE602008005004D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018218241A1 (de) * 2018-10-24 2020-04-30 Mahle International Gmbh Verfahren zur Montage eines Ventilsitzrings an einem Zylinderklopf einer Brennkraftmaschine

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4108132A (en) * 1975-11-10 1978-08-22 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Internal combustion engine having an improved inlet valve arrangement
DE3714229A1 (de) * 1987-04-29 1988-11-10 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Zylinderkopf fuer eine brennkraftmaschine
US6260531B1 (en) 2000-03-30 2001-07-17 Ford Global Tech., Inc. Valve seat insert

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4108132A (en) * 1975-11-10 1978-08-22 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Internal combustion engine having an improved inlet valve arrangement
DE3714229A1 (de) * 1987-04-29 1988-11-10 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Zylinderkopf fuer eine brennkraftmaschine
US6260531B1 (en) 2000-03-30 2001-07-17 Ford Global Tech., Inc. Valve seat insert

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN201568097U (zh) 2010-09-01
EP2138679B1 (fr) 2011-02-16
DE602008005004D1 (de) 2011-03-31

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