EP2129966B1 - Porous hydrogen burner without premixing - Google Patents

Porous hydrogen burner without premixing Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2129966B1
EP2129966B1 EP08775565.8A EP08775565A EP2129966B1 EP 2129966 B1 EP2129966 B1 EP 2129966B1 EP 08775565 A EP08775565 A EP 08775565A EP 2129966 B1 EP2129966 B1 EP 2129966B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
premixing
porous element
burner according
less hydrogen
hydrogen burner
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EP08775565.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2129966A2 (en
Inventor
Jérôme Colin
André NICOLLE
Willi Nastoll
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F23C99/006—Flameless combustion stabilised within a bed of porous heat-resistant material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/18—Radiant burners using catalysis for flameless combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/9901—Combustion process using hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide water or brown gas as fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/101—Flame diffusing means characterised by surface shape
    • F23D2203/1012—Flame diffusing means characterised by surface shape tubular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/105—Porous plates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a new porous hydrogen burner intended to equip different types of furnaces requiring precise control of the heat flow, in particular steam reforming furnaces of natural gas or naphtha intended in particular for the production of hydrogen.
  • hydrogen burner must be understood in a broad sense and means that the fuel of the present burner may be pure hydrogen, but more generally any gas containing hydrogen.
  • the oxidant may be any gas containing oxygen, in particular air, but also enriched or depleted oxygen air.
  • the oxidant can even in a particular case be pure oxygen.
  • This new burner is in the category of porous burners without premix, because it has a porous element separating the fuel side of the oxidant side, the combustion taking place either inside the porous, or in the vicinity of its outer surface.
  • the burner object of the present invention is a porous burner in the sense that the fuel and the oxidant are introduced on either side of a porous element (also called “porous” later), the internal surface of the porous element being in contact with the fuel, and the outer surface of the porous element being in contact with the oxidant.
  • a porous element also called “porous” later
  • the burner according to the invention is therefore a porous burner, without premix, further having a fuel dispenser member which makes it possible to control the heat flow according to the main dimension of said burner, which will conventionally be called the length of the burner.
  • the thermal flow is controlled by a set of orifices pierced on the surface of the distributor and grouped into sections. Each section groups the orifices of the same diameter.
  • the burner according to the present invention will have a fuel distributor having at least two sections, each section being characterized by a given orifice diameter and occupying a certain fraction of the length L of the burner.
  • the fuel and the oxidant arriving from the two opposite sides of the porous element does not play the role of a pre-mixing member, but instead of a separation zone of the fuel and the oxidizer.
  • the hydrodynamic conditions, and in particular the fuel velocity in the annular space separating the distributor from the porous element plays an important role since the stability of the flame is ensured in a restricted range of flow rates. If the flow rate is too low, the flame may extinguish, while if the flow is excessive, the flame may be blown.
  • the patent US 5,810,577 discloses a porous catalytic burner having two combustion chambers, the first combustion chamber being fed with the fuel and the second chamber being fed with the combustion effluent from the first chamber, the two chambers being separated by a porous catalytic barrier, a porosity greater than 50%, and having a pore size of between 1 nm and 1 mm, the thickness of said barrier being between 0.05 and 10 mm.
  • the patent US 6,699,032 discloses a device for storing a fuel gas which comprises a combustion system of gases escaping through a safety valve, said combustion system consisting of a burner having a porous body surrounding a fuel distributor. The distribution of the fuel is uniform and the porous body acts as a zone of diffusion or mixing between the fuel and the oxidant.
  • the patent WO 2006/071350 A discloses a fuel cell utilizing a catalytic combustion system for combustion between hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the hydrogen burner according to the present invention is a burner without premix, of cylindrical geometry of length L and of diameter D, with an L / D ratio of between 10 and 500, and preferably between 30 and 300.
  • the burner according to the invention has a central hydrogen distributor with a non-uniform orifice distribution, and has a porous annular element surrounding the central distributor at least over its entire length L, the thickness of said porous element being between 0.1 and 2 cm, the inner surface of said porous being located at a distance from the central distributor of between 0.5 cm and 10 cm.
  • the distributor of the burner according to the present invention is divided into a number of sections, the length of each section ranging from 10 mm to 2 m, and preferably from 20 mm to 1.5 m.
  • the hydrogen burner according to the present invention has a central fuel distributor, said central distributor is divided into at least two sections, each section having orifices of the same diameter, and at least one section having orifices with a diameter different from that of the other sections.
  • the central distributor is divided into at least two sections, each section having orifices of increasing diameter with the axial distance along the distributor, in the direction of flow of the fuel.
  • the central distributor is divided into at least two sections, each section having orifices of increasing diameter according to an exponential type law, in the direction of the fuel flow.
  • the center to center distance of the orifices of the same section is generally between 0.5 cm and 50 cm, and preferably between 1 cm and 20 cm.
  • the length L of the burner is generally between 2 and 15 m, and preferably between 5 and 12 meters.
  • the porous element forming an integral part of the burner according to the invention preferably has a porosity of at least 50%, and more preferably of at least 80%.
  • the porous element may in certain cases have at least two zones of different porosity.
  • the fuel usually hydrogen, is preferably introduced into the central distributor at a pressure of between 0.1 and 10 MPa.
  • the oxidant is preferably introduced into a first annular space surrounding the porous element of the burner, and the combustion gases are collected in a second annular space surrounding the first annular space.
  • the oxidant preferably circulates in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the burner at a speed of between 1 m / s and 100 m / s, and preferably from 3 to 80 m / s.
  • the average radial velocity of the fuel relative to the inner surface of the porous material is generally between 2 mm / s and 100 cm / s, and preferably between 0.5 cm / s and 10 cm / s.
  • the burner according to the present invention can be applied to any type of furnace requiring a well controlled heating of the tubes over their entire length, in particular steam reforming furnaces of natural gas or naphtha.
  • the figure 3 gives a more precise view of the fuel distributor and is valid both in the basic configuration and in the advanced configuration.
  • the dispenser will generally be cylindrical in shape with an L / D ratio of between 10 and 500.
  • this dispenser is fed with the fuel which is available at a pressure preferably of between 0.1 and 10 MPa.
  • the fuel may be any combustible gas containing hydrogen in any proportion, and possibly be pure hydrogen.
  • the inner surface is defined as being the closest to the dispenser.
  • the porous element surrounds the dispenser in the sense that it has at least the same length as the dispenser, and in some cases, a longer length that allows to clear a space between the end of the dispenser and the inner wall of said porous allowing to improve the degree of combustion of the combustion gas.
  • the porosity of the porous element is at least 50% and preferably greater than 80%. Said porosity is defined as the ratio of the void volume to the geometric volume of any part of the porous element.
  • This porosity is generally homogeneous over the entire length of the porous element, but it is possible to differentiate it on certain elements of length. For example one can have a first fraction of the length of the porous with a porosity P1 and a second fraction of the length of the porous with a porosity P2 different from P1.
  • This porous element will typically consist of a metal foam made of an alloy of different metals including for example iron, chromium, aluminum, titanium or zirconium, and in some cases yttrium.
  • An example of such an alloy is the FeCrAIY material sold by the company PORVAIR.
  • the porous element may also consist of a ceramic foam, for example mullite or cordierite.
  • the pore size is generally between 0.2 and 0.6 mm.
  • the space separating the distributor (1) from the porous element (2) plays an important role in the operation of the burner according to the invention since the fuel from the distributor has a certain longitudinal profile of flux it must best retain at the entrance to the porous element. To do this, the linear velocity of the fuel within the annular space should preferably have a sufficiently high value, since it is known that too low speeds would promote the longitudinal diffusion of the fuel within the space. annular (3).
  • obtaining the combustion inside the porous element or in the vicinity of its external surface is generally more easily achieved when the fuel velocity inside the porous element preferably remains greater than the diffusion rate of the oxidant.
  • the fuel velocity must not exceed a limit value to allow the oxidant to diffuse inside the porous element.
  • a fuel velocity at the entrance of the porous element of between 2 mm / s and 1.0 m / s, and preferably between 0.5 cm / s and 10 cm / s.
  • This speed is precisely defined as the speed taken along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the burner, which will conventionally be called radial velocity. This speed is therefore normal to the porous surface.
  • the volume outside the porous element (2) is divided by means of a wall (6) substantially parallel to the outer surface of the porous element (2) and of shape substantially cylindrical, in a first space (4) between the outer surface of the porous element (2) and said wall (6), and a second space (5) corresponding to the volume located outside the wall (6).
  • This volume outside the wall (6) can be limited by a second wall (7) substantially parallel to the wall (6) and delimiting between said wall (6) and said wall (7) the second space (5).
  • this second space (5) will be a space communicating with the first space (4) by its lower part, the substantially vertical wall (7) being then connected to a substantially horizontal wall (8), the walls (7). and (8) then constituting a chamber enclosing the burner according to the invention.
  • the oxidant is admitted into the space (4), joins the fuel inside the porous element (2) or in the vicinity of the outer surface of said porous element (2). ) producing a combustion which generates combustion gases which are found in the first space (4) and are evacuated by passing through the second space (5).
  • the linear velocity of the oxidant introduced into the space (4) is between 1 and 100 m / s and preferably between 3 m / s and 80 m / s, and the linear velocity of circulation of the combustion gases in the space (5) is preferably between 2 and 150 m / s.
  • the following example is intended to demonstrate the effects of the burner according to the invention from the point of view of fuel consumption and temperature in a direction joining the centers of the burner and the tube to be heated.
  • Tubes (T) containing the fluid to be heated and burners according to the invention (B) are staggered with a square pitch.
  • the distance separating the center of the burner from the center of the tube to be heated is 210 mm.
  • the length of the burners is 12 meters, the distributor of each of the burners having a length of 10 meters.
  • the L / D ratio of each burner is 120.
  • the distance between the distributor and the inner wall of the porous element is 15 mm.
  • the thickness of the porous element is 1 cm.
  • the distributor is divided into 10 sections of length 1m. Each section generates a total surface of the orifices arranged on the section considered.
  • a section is defined as a dispenser portion having orifices of the same diameter.
  • the figure 5 shows that in the first case, the radial velocity (Ur) of the fuel at the outer surface of the porous element has a large variation along the longitudinal axis (d) of the burner.
  • the curve corresponding to the first case is dotted on the figure 5 .
  • the radial velocity (Ur) of the fuel is much more homogeneous along the longitudinal axis (d) of the burner. This better homogeneity of the radial velocity (Ur) ensures a substantially constant heat flow throughout the tube.
  • the curve corresponding to this second case is in full line on the figure 5 . This point is particularly important with tubes whose length is 12 meters.
  • the figure 6 represents the evolution of the hydrogen consumption Y (H2), according to the direction joining the center of the burner to that of the tube to be heated, said direction center to center.
  • the origin of the distances (r) in this direction is conventionally chosen on the external surface of the porous element of the burner considered.
  • the values Y (H2) are read on the y-axis on the left of the figure 6 .
  • the figure 6 shows that the amount of hydrogen Y (H2) decreases rapidly in the center-to-center direction. Almost 90% of the hydrogen introduced is consumed over a distance of 10 mm, which means that the combustion zone is close to the porous zone. We are in the case of a well localized combustion.
  • This temperature has a maximum of 1800 K in the vicinity of the outer surface of the porous element, or in the case of the example, 10 mm from said outer surface.
  • the temperature T then decreases to a value of less than or equal to 1200 K. This value is compatible with non-refractory materials, which is particularly interesting in the choice of tube metallurgy and in the economics of the process.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention concerne un nouveau brûleur poreux à hydrogène destiné à équiper différents types de fours nécessitant un contrôle précis du flux thermique, en particulier les fours de vaporeformage du gaz naturel ou de naphta destinés notamment à la production d'hydrogène.The invention relates to a new porous hydrogen burner intended to equip different types of furnaces requiring precise control of the heat flow, in particular steam reforming furnaces of natural gas or naphtha intended in particular for the production of hydrogen.

L'expression brûleur à hydrogène doit être entendue dans un sens large et signifie que le combustible du présent brûleur peut être de l'hydrogène pur, mais plus généralement tout gaz contenant de l'hydrogène.The term hydrogen burner must be understood in a broad sense and means that the fuel of the present burner may be pure hydrogen, but more generally any gas containing hydrogen.

Le comburant peut être tout gaz contenant de l'oxygène, en particulier de l'air mais aussi de l'air enrichi ou appauvri en oxygène. Le comburant peut même dans un cas particulier être de l'oxygène pur.The oxidant may be any gas containing oxygen, in particular air, but also enriched or depleted oxygen air. The oxidant can even in a particular case be pure oxygen.

Ce nouveau brûleur rentre dans la catégorie des brûleurs poreux sans pré mélange, car il possède un élément poreux séparant le côté combustible du côté comburant, la combustion ayant lieu soit à l'intérieur du poreux, soit au voisinage de sa surface externe.This new burner is in the category of porous burners without premix, because it has a porous element separating the fuel side of the oxidant side, the combustion taking place either inside the porous, or in the vicinity of its outer surface.

Plus précisément, le brûleur objet de la présente invention est un brûleur poreux au sens où le combustible et le comburant sont introduits de part et d'autre d'un élément poreux (également appelé "poreux" par la suite), la surface interne de l'élément poreux étant au contact du combustible, et la surface externe de l'élément poreux étant au contact du comburant.More specifically, the burner object of the present invention is a porous burner in the sense that the fuel and the oxidant are introduced on either side of a porous element (also called "porous" later), the internal surface of the porous element being in contact with the fuel, and the outer surface of the porous element being in contact with the oxidant.

Le combustible et le comburant diffusent chacun de leur côté du poreux et se rencontrent:

  • soit à l'intérieur dudit poreux selon une certaine surface de chauffe sur laquelle va se développer une combustion interne. On parle alors de fonctionnement en mode radiant ou de brûleur radiant.
  • soit au voisinage de la surface externe du poreux côté comburant.
The fuel and the oxidant diffuse each on their side of the porous and meet:
  • either inside said porous according to a certain heating surface on which will develop an internal combustion. This is called radiant operation or radiant burner.
  • in the vicinity of the outer surface of the porous combustion side.

Les avantages d'un brûleur poreux par rapport à un brûleur produisant une flamme, que cette flamme soit une flamme de diffusion ou de prémélange, sont :

  • une réduction des émissions polluantes
  • une combustion selon une géométrie plus contrôlée que celle d'une combustion à flamme qui peut poser en outre des problèmes de stabilité,
  • une durabilité des équipements nettement améliorée car une combustion diluée limite le risque de points chauds,
  • la possibilité d'incorporer au sein de l'élément poreux un catalyseur de combustion permettant d'abaisser la température de combustion jusqu'à une valeur voisine de 500°C.
The advantages of a porous burner with respect to a burner producing a flame, whether this flame is a diffusion or premix flame, are:
  • a reduction in polluting emissions
  • a combustion with a geometry more controlled than that of a combustion with flame which can pose in addition problems of stability,
  • significantly improved equipment durability because diluted combustion limits the risk of hot spots,
  • the possibility of incorporating into the porous element a combustion catalyst for lowering the combustion temperature to a value close to 500 ° C.

Le brûleur selon l'invention est donc un brûleur poreux, sans prémélange, possédant en outre un organe de distribution du combustible qui permet de contrôler le flux thermique selon la dimension principale dudit brûleur que nous appellerons conventionnellement longueur du brûleur.The burner according to the invention is therefore a porous burner, without premix, further having a fuel dispenser member which makes it possible to control the heat flow according to the main dimension of said burner, which will conventionally be called the length of the burner.

Le contrôle du flux thermique se réalise par un ensemble d'orifices percés à la surface du distributeur et regroupés dans des tronçons. Chaque tronçon regroupe les orifices de même diamètre.The thermal flow is controlled by a set of orifices pierced on the surface of the distributor and grouped into sections. Each section groups the orifices of the same diameter.

La distribution de ces orifices tout au long du distributeur fait partie intégrante de l'invention. En général, le brûleur selon la présente invention possédera un distributeur de combustible ayant au moins deux tronçons, chaque tronçon étant caractérisé par un diamètre d'orifices donné et occupant une certaine fraction de la longueur L du brûleur.The distribution of these orifices throughout the dispenser forms an integral part of the invention. In general, the burner according to the present invention will have a fuel distributor having at least two sections, each section being characterized by a given orifice diameter and occupying a certain fraction of the length L of the burner.

Il convient de noter que le combustible et le comburant arrivant par les deux côtés opposés de l'élément poreux, ce dernier ne joue pas le rôle d'un organe de pré mélange, mais au contraire d'une zone de séparation du combustible et du comburant.It should be noted that the fuel and the oxidant arriving from the two opposite sides of the porous element, the latter does not play the role of a pre-mixing member, but instead of a separation zone of the fuel and the oxidizer.

Par ailleurs, les conditions hydrodynamiques, et notamment la vitesse du combustible dans l'espace annulaire séparant le distributeur de l'élément poreux, joue un rôle important puisque la stabilité de la flamme est assurée dans un intervalle restreint de débits. Si le débit est trop faible, la flamme peut s'éteindre, tandis que si le débit est excessif, la flamme peut être soufflée.Moreover, the hydrodynamic conditions, and in particular the fuel velocity in the annular space separating the distributor from the porous element, plays an important role since the stability of the flame is ensured in a restricted range of flow rates. If the flow rate is too low, the flame may extinguish, while if the flow is excessive, the flame may be blown.

Examen de l'art antérieurExamination of the prior art

L'art antérieur dans le domaine des brûleurs poreux est très vaste et on se limitera aux brevets qui font état d'un combustible hydrogène, ou majoritairement hydrogène, en respectant une géométrie globalement cylindrique.The prior art in the field of porous burners is very broad and it will be limited to patents that report a hydrogen fuel, or predominantly hydrogen, respecting a generally cylindrical geometry.

Le brevet US 5,810,577 décrit un brûleur catalytique poreux comportant deux chambres de combustion la première chambre de combustion étant alimentée par le combustible et la seconde chambre étant alimentée par l'effluent de combustion issu de la première chambre, les deux chambres étant séparées par une barrière catalytique poreuse, d'une porosité supérieure à 50 %, et ayant une taille de pores comprise entre 1 nm et 1 mm, l'épaisseur de la dite barrière étant comprise entre 0,05 et 10mm.The patent US 5,810,577 discloses a porous catalytic burner having two combustion chambers, the first combustion chamber being fed with the fuel and the second chamber being fed with the combustion effluent from the first chamber, the two chambers being separated by a porous catalytic barrier, a porosity greater than 50%, and having a pore size of between 1 nm and 1 mm, the thickness of said barrier being between 0.05 and 10 mm.

Le brevet US 6,699,032 décrit un dispositif pour le stockage d'un gaz combustible qui comprend un système de combustion des gaz s'échappant au travers d'une soupape de sécurité, le dit système de combustion consistant en un brûleur comportant un corps poreux entourant un distributeur de combustible. La distribution du combustible est uniforme et le corps poreux joue le rôle d'une zone de diffusion ou de mélange entre le combustible et le comburant.The patent US 6,699,032 discloses a device for storing a fuel gas which comprises a combustion system of gases escaping through a safety valve, said combustion system consisting of a burner having a porous body surrounding a fuel distributor. The distribution of the fuel is uniform and the porous body acts as a zone of diffusion or mixing between the fuel and the oxidant.

Le brevet WO 2006/071350 A décrit une pile à combustible faisant appel à un système de combustion catalytique en vue de réaliser une combustion entre hydrogène et oxygène.The patent WO 2006/071350 A discloses a fuel cell utilizing a catalytic combustion system for combustion between hydrogen and oxygen.

Description sommaire des figuresBrief description of the figures

  • La figure 1 représente une vue du brûleur selon l'invention dans sa version en simple tube.The figure 1 represents a view of the burner according to the invention in its single tube version.
  • La figure 2 représente une vue du brûleur selon l'invention dans une version plus élaborée dans laquelle le comburant est introduit dans un premier espace attenant à l'élément poreux, et les fumées issues de la combustion sont récupérées dans un second espace entourant le premier espace.The figure 2 represents a view of the burner according to the invention in a more elaborate version in which the oxidant is introduced into a first space adjacent to the porous element, and the smoke from the combustion are recovered in a second space surrounding the first space.
  • La figure 3 représente une vue plus précise du distributeur de combustible et un exemple de profil de flux thermique résultant.The figure 3 represents a more precise view of the fuel distributor and an example of a resulting heat flow profile.
  • La figure 4 donne une représentation schématique d'un arrangement de brûleurs selon l'invention au sein d'un ensemble de tubes à chauffer.The figure 4 gives a schematic representation of a burner arrangement according to the invention in a set of tubes to be heated.
  • La figure 5 est une courbe donnant la variation de la vitesse radiale du combustible à la surface externe de l'élément poreux selon l'axe longitudinal du brûleur. La courbe en trait pointillé correspond à une distribution d'orifice uniforme, et la courbe en trait plein correspond à une distribution d'orifices selon l'invention. Elle est détaillée dans le cadre de l'exemple ci-après.The figure 5 is a curve giving the variation of the radial velocity of the fuel on the outer surface of the porous element along the longitudinal axis of the burner. The dashed curve corresponds to a uniform orifice distribution, and the solid line corresponds to a distribution of orifices according to the invention. It is detailed in the context of the example below.
  • La figure 6 représente l'évolution de la consommation d'hydrogène Y(H2), selon la direction joignant le centre du brûleur à celui du tube à chauffer, dite direction centre à centre et est également détaillée dans le cadre de l'exemple ci-après.The figure 6 represents the evolution of hydrogen consumption Y (H2), according to the direction joining the center of the burner to that of the tube to be heated, said direction center to center and is also detailed in the context of the example below.
  • La figure 6 représente l'évolution de la consommation d'hydrogène Y(H2), selon la direction joignant le centre du brûleur à celui du tube à chauffer, dite direction centre à centre et est également détaillée dans le cadre de l'exemple ci-après.The figure 6 represents the evolution of hydrogen consumption Y (H2), according to the direction joining the center of the burner to that of the tube to be heated, said direction center to center and is also detailed in the context of the example below.
Description sommaire de l'inventionBrief description of the invention

Le brûleur à hydrogène selon la présente invention est un brûleur sans prémélange, de géométrie cylindrique de longueur L et de diamètre D, avec un rapport L/D compris entre 10 et 500, et préférentiellement compris entre 30 et 300. Le brûleur selon l'invention possède un distributeur central d'hydrogène avec une répartition d'orifices non uniforme, et possède un élément poreux de forme annulaire entourant le distributeur central au moins sur toute sa longueur L, l'épaisseur dudit élément poreux étant comprise entre 0,1 et 2 cm, la surface interne dudit poreux étant située à une distance du distributeur central comprise entre 0,5 cm et 10 cm.The hydrogen burner according to the present invention is a burner without premix, of cylindrical geometry of length L and of diameter D, with an L / D ratio of between 10 and 500, and preferably between 30 and 300. The burner according to the invention The invention has a central hydrogen distributor with a non-uniform orifice distribution, and has a porous annular element surrounding the central distributor at least over its entire length L, the thickness of said porous element being between 0.1 and 2 cm, the inner surface of said porous being located at a distance from the central distributor of between 0.5 cm and 10 cm.

Le distributeur du brûleur selon la présente invention est divisé en un certain nombre de tronçons, la longueur de chaque tronçon variant de 10 mm à 2 m, et préférentiellement de 20 mm à 1,5 m.The distributor of the burner according to the present invention is divided into a number of sections, the length of each section ranging from 10 mm to 2 m, and preferably from 20 mm to 1.5 m.

Le brûleur à hydrogène, selon la présente invention possède un distributeur central de combustible, ledit distributeur central est divisé en au moins deux tronçons, chaque tronçon ayant des orifices de même diamètre, et au moins un tronçon ayant des orifices d'un diamètre différent de celui des autres tronçons.The hydrogen burner according to the present invention has a central fuel distributor, said central distributor is divided into at least two sections, each section having orifices of the same diameter, and at least one section having orifices with a diameter different from that of the other sections.

Selon l'invention, le distributeur central est divisé en au moins deux tronçons, chaque tronçon ayant des orifices de diamètre croissant avec la distance axiale le long du distributeur, dans le sens d'écoulement du combustible.According to the invention, the central distributor is divided into at least two sections, each section having orifices of increasing diameter with the axial distance along the distributor, in the direction of flow of the fuel.

De manière préférée, le distributeur central est divisé en au moins deux tronçons, chaque tronçon ayant des orifices de diamètre croissant selon une loi de type exponentiel, dans le sens de l'écoulement du combustible.Preferably, the central distributor is divided into at least two sections, each section having orifices of increasing diameter according to an exponential type law, in the direction of the fuel flow.

La distance centre à centre des orifices d'un même tronçon est généralement comprise entre 0,5 cm et 50 cm, et préférentiellement entre 1 cm et 20 cm.The center to center distance of the orifices of the same section is generally between 0.5 cm and 50 cm, and preferably between 1 cm and 20 cm.

La longueur L du brûleur est généralement comprise entre 2 et 15 m, et préférentiellement comprise entre 5 et 12 mètres.The length L of the burner is generally between 2 and 15 m, and preferably between 5 and 12 meters.

L'élément poreux faisant partie intégrante du brûleur selon l'invention présente de préférence une porosité d'au moins 50%, et plus préférentiellement d'au moins 80%.The porous element forming an integral part of the burner according to the invention preferably has a porosity of at least 50%, and more preferably of at least 80%.

L'élément poreux peut dans certains cas posséder au moins deux zones de porosité différente.The porous element may in certain cases have at least two zones of different porosity.

Le combustible, généralement de l'hydrogène, est de préférence introduit dans le distributeur central à une pression comprise entre 0, 1 et 10 MPa.The fuel, usually hydrogen, is preferably introduced into the central distributor at a pressure of between 0.1 and 10 MPa.

Selon une variante du brûleur selon l'invention, le comburant est de manière préférée introduit dans un premier espace annulaire entourant l'élément poreux du brûleur, et les gaz de combustion sont collectés dans un second espace annulaire entourant le premier espace annulaire.According to a variant of the burner according to the invention, the oxidant is preferably introduced into a first annular space surrounding the porous element of the burner, and the combustion gases are collected in a second annular space surrounding the first annular space.

Le comburant circule de préférence selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à l'axe longitudinal du brûleur à une vitesse comprise entre 1 m/s et 100 m/s, et préférentiellement de 3 à 80 m/s.The oxidant preferably circulates in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the burner at a speed of between 1 m / s and 100 m / s, and preferably from 3 to 80 m / s.

La vitesse radiale moyenne du combustible rapportée à la surface interne du poreux est généralement comprise entre 2 mm/s et 100 cm/s, et préférentiellement entre 0,5 cm/s et 10 cm/s.The average radial velocity of the fuel relative to the inner surface of the porous material is generally between 2 mm / s and 100 cm / s, and preferably between 0.5 cm / s and 10 cm / s.

Le brûleur selon la présente invention peut s'appliquer à tout type de four nécessitant un chauffage bien contrôlé des tubes sur toute leur longueur, en particulier à des fours de vaporeformage de gaz naturel ou de naphta.The burner according to the present invention can be applied to any type of furnace requiring a well controlled heating of the tubes over their entire length, in particular steam reforming furnaces of natural gas or naphtha.

Description détaillée de l'inventionDetailed description of the invention

La description détaillée du brûleur selon l'invention est réalisée au moyen de la figure 1 dans la version de base et de la figure 2 dans la version élaborée.The detailed description of the burner according to the invention is carried out by means of the figure 1 in the basic version and the figure 2 in the elaborate version.

La figure 3 donne une vue plus précise du distributeur de combustible et est valable aussi bien dans la configuration de base que dans la configuration évoluée.The figure 3 gives a more precise view of the fuel distributor and is valid both in the basic configuration and in the advanced configuration.

Les numéros utilisés sont les mêmes lorsqu'ils désignent les mêmes éléments, quelle que soit la figure.The numbers used are the same when they designate the same elements, whatever the figure.

Le brûleur dans sa version de base comprend:

  1. a) un distributeur de combustible central (1) comportant un certain nombres d'orifices (8) regroupés en famille, une famille correspondant à un diamètre d'orifice donné.
The burner in its basic version includes:
  1. a) a central fuel distributor (1) having a number of orifices (8) grouped together, a family corresponding to a given orifice diameter.

Le distributeur sera généralement de forme cylindrique avec un rapport L/D compris entre 10 et 500.The dispenser will generally be cylindrical in shape with an L / D ratio of between 10 and 500.

Dans le cadre de la présente invention, ce distributeur est alimenté par le combustible qui est disponible à une pression de préférence comprise entre 0,1 et 10 MPa.In the context of the present invention, this dispenser is fed with the fuel which is available at a pressure preferably of between 0.1 and 10 MPa.

Le combustible peut être n'importe quel gaz combustible contenant de l'hydrogène en proportion quelconque, et être éventuellement de l'hydrogène pur.
b) un élément poreux (2) de forme annulaire entourant le distributeur central au moins sur toute la longueur dudit distributeur, et ayant une épaisseur comprise entre 0,1 et 2 cm, la distance séparant le distributeur de la surface interne de l'élément poreux étant comprise entre 0,5 et 10 cm. La surface interne est définie comme étant celle qui est la plus proche du distributeur.The fuel may be any combustible gas containing hydrogen in any proportion, and possibly be pure hydrogen.
b) a porous element (2) of annular shape surrounding the central distributor at least over the entire length of said distributor, and having a thickness of between 0.1 and 2 cm, the distance separating the distributor from the inner surface of the element porous being between 0.5 and 10 cm. The inner surface is defined as being the closest to the dispenser.

L'élément poreux entoure le distributeur au sens où il possède au moins la même longueur que le distributeur, et dans certains cas, une longueur plus importante qui permet de dégager un espace entre l'extrémité du distributeur et la paroi interne dudit poreux permettant d'améliorer le degré de combustion du gaz de combustion. La porosité de l'élément poreux est au moins de 50% et préférentiellement supérieure à 80 %. Ladite porosité est définie comme le rapport du volume vide au volume géométrique d'une partie quelconque de l'élément poreux.The porous element surrounds the dispenser in the sense that it has at least the same length as the dispenser, and in some cases, a longer length that allows to clear a space between the end of the dispenser and the inner wall of said porous allowing to improve the degree of combustion of the combustion gas. The porosity of the porous element is at least 50% and preferably greater than 80%. Said porosity is defined as the ratio of the void volume to the geometric volume of any part of the porous element.

Cette porosité est généralement homogène sur l'ensemble de la longueur de l'élément poreux, mais il est possible de la différencier sur certains éléments de longueur. Par exemple on peut avoir une première fraction de la longueur du poreux avec une porosité P1 et une seconde fraction de la longueur du poreux avec une porosité P2 différente de P1.This porosity is generally homogeneous over the entire length of the porous element, but it is possible to differentiate it on certain elements of length. For example one can have a first fraction of the length of the porous with a porosity P1 and a second fraction of the length of the porous with a porosity P2 different from P1.

Cet élément poreux sera typiquement composé d'une mousse métallique faite d'un alliage de différents métaux dont par exemple le fer, le chrome, l'aluminium, le titane ou le zirconium, et dans certains cas l'yttrium. Un exemple d'un tel alliage est le matériau FeCrAIY commercialisé par la société PORVAIR. L'élément poreux peut également être constitué d'une mousse céramique, par exemple en mullite ou en cordiérite.This porous element will typically consist of a metal foam made of an alloy of different metals including for example iron, chromium, aluminum, titanium or zirconium, and in some cases yttrium. An example of such an alloy is the FeCrAIY material sold by the company PORVAIR. The porous element may also consist of a ceramic foam, for example mullite or cordierite.

La taille des pores est généralement comprise entre 0,2 et 0,6 mm.The pore size is generally between 0.2 and 0.6 mm.

L'espace séparant le distributeur (1) de l'élément poreux (2), appelé espace annulaire (3), joue un rôle important dans le fonctionnement du brûleur selon l'invention puisque le combustible issu du distributeur possède une certain profil longitudinal de flux qu'il doit conserver au mieux à l'entrée dans l'élément poreux. Pour ce faire, la vitesse linéaire du combustible à l'intérieur de l'espace annulaire doit de préférence avoir une valeur suffisamment élevée, car il est connu que des vitesses trop faibles favoriseraient la diffusion longitudinale du combustible à l'intérieur de l'espace annulaire (3).The space separating the distributor (1) from the porous element (2), called the annular space (3), plays an important role in the operation of the burner according to the invention since the fuel from the distributor has a certain longitudinal profile of flux it must best retain at the entrance to the porous element. To do this, the linear velocity of the fuel within the annular space should preferably have a sufficiently high value, since it is known that too low speeds would promote the longitudinal diffusion of the fuel within the space. annular (3).

Par ailleurs, l'obtention de la combustion à l'intérieur de l'élément poreux ou au voisinage de sa surface externe, est généralement plus facilement réalisée lorsque la vitesse du combustible à l'intérieur de l'élément poreux reste de préférence supérieure à la vitesse de diffusion du comburant.Furthermore, obtaining the combustion inside the porous element or in the vicinity of its external surface, is generally more easily achieved when the fuel velocity inside the porous element preferably remains greater than the diffusion rate of the oxidant.

De préférence, la vitesse du combustible ne doit néanmoins pas dépasser une valeur limite pour permettre au comburant de diffuser à l'intérieur de l'élément poreux.Preferably, however, the fuel velocity must not exceed a limit value to allow the oxidant to diffuse inside the porous element.

La prise en compte et l'optimisation de ces deux conditions conduisent à adopter une vitesse du combustible à l'entrée de l'élément poreux comprise entre 2 mm/s et 1,0 m/s, et préférentiellement comprise entre 0,5 cm/s et 10 cm/s. Cette vitesse est précisément définie comme la vitesse prise selon un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du brûleur, qu'on appellera conventionnellement vitesse radiale. Cette vitesse est donc normale à la surface du poreux.Taking into account and optimizing these two conditions lead to adopt a fuel velocity at the entrance of the porous element of between 2 mm / s and 1.0 m / s, and preferably between 0.5 cm / s and 10 cm / s. This speed is precisely defined as the speed taken along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the burner, which will conventionally be called radial velocity. This speed is therefore normal to the porous surface.

Dans la version évoluée du brûleur selon l'invention, le volume extérieur à l'élément poreux (2) est divisé au moyen d'une paroi (6) sensiblement parallèle à la surface externe de l'élément poreux (2) et de forme sensiblement cylindrique, en un premier espace (4) compris entre la surface externe de l'élément poreux (2) et ladite paroi (6), et un second espace (5) correspondant au volume situé à l'extérieur de la paroi (6).In the advanced version of the burner according to the invention, the volume outside the porous element (2) is divided by means of a wall (6) substantially parallel to the outer surface of the porous element (2) and of shape substantially cylindrical, in a first space (4) between the outer surface of the porous element (2) and said wall (6), and a second space (5) corresponding to the volume located outside the wall (6).

Ce volume extérieur à la paroi (6) peut être limité par une seconde paroi (7) sensiblement parallèle à la paroi (6) et délimitant entre ladite paroi (6) et la dite paroi (7) le second espace (5). De manière préférée, ce second espace (5) sera un espace communiquant avec le premier espace (4) par sa partie inférieure, la paroi sensiblement verticale (7) étant alors reliée à une paroi sensiblement horizontale (8), les parois (7) et (8) constituant alors une enceinte enfermant le brûleur selon l'invention.This volume outside the wall (6) can be limited by a second wall (7) substantially parallel to the wall (6) and delimiting between said wall (6) and said wall (7) the second space (5). Preferably, this second space (5) will be a space communicating with the first space (4) by its lower part, the substantially vertical wall (7) being then connected to a substantially horizontal wall (8), the walls (7). and (8) then constituting a chamber enclosing the burner according to the invention.

Dans la version élaborée du brûleur selon la présente invention, le comburant est admis dans l'espace (4), rejoint le combustible à l'intérieur de l'élément poreux (2) ou au voisinage de la surface externe dudit élément poreux (2) en produisant une combustion qui génère des gaz de combustion qui se retrouvent dans le premier espace (4) et sont évacués en passant dans le second espace (5).In the elaborate version of the burner according to the present invention, the oxidant is admitted into the space (4), joins the fuel inside the porous element (2) or in the vicinity of the outer surface of said porous element (2). ) producing a combustion which generates combustion gases which are found in the first space (4) and are evacuated by passing through the second space (5).

De préférence la vitesse linéaire du comburant introduit dans l'espace (4) est comprise entre 1 et 100 m/s et préférentiellement entre 3 m/s et 80 m/s, et la vitesse linéaire de circulation des gaz de combustion dans l'espace (5) est de préférence comprise entre 2 et 150 m/s.Preferably, the linear velocity of the oxidant introduced into the space (4) is between 1 and 100 m / s and preferably between 3 m / s and 80 m / s, and the linear velocity of circulation of the combustion gases in the space (5) is preferably between 2 and 150 m / s.

Exemple illustrant l'inventionExample illustrating the invention

L'exemple suivant est destiné à démontrer les effets du brûleur selon l'invention du point de vue de la consommation de combustible et de la température selon une direction joignant les centres du brûleur et du tube destiné à être chauffé.The following example is intended to demonstrate the effects of the burner according to the invention from the point of view of fuel consumption and temperature in a direction joining the centers of the burner and the tube to be heated.

Dans une application du brûleur au chauffage des tubes d'un réacteur de vaporéformage de méthane, la configuration géométrique est présentée sur la figure 4.In an application of the burner to the heating of the tubes of a methane steam reforming reactor, the geometrical configuration is presented on the figure 4 .

Des tubes (T) contenant le fluide à chauffer et des brûleurs selon l'invention (B) sont disposés en quinconce avec un pas carré.Tubes (T) containing the fluid to be heated and burners according to the invention (B) are staggered with a square pitch.

La distance séparant le centre du brûleur du centre du tube à chauffer est de 210 mm.The distance separating the center of the burner from the center of the tube to be heated is 210 mm.

La longueur des brûleurs est de 12 mètres, le distributeur de chacun des brûleurs ayant une longueur de 10 mètres.The length of the burners is 12 meters, the distributor of each of the burners having a length of 10 meters.

Le rapport L/D de chaque brûleur est de 120. La distance entre le distributeur et la paroi interne de l'élément poreux est de 15 mm.The L / D ratio of each burner is 120. The distance between the distributor and the inner wall of the porous element is 15 mm.

L'épaisseur de l'élément poreux est de 1 cm.The thickness of the porous element is 1 cm.

Le distributeur est divisé en 10 tronçons de longueur 1m. Chaque tronçon génère une surface totale des orifices disposés sur le tronçon considéré.The distributor is divided into 10 sections of length 1m. Each section generates a total surface of the orifices arranged on the section considered.

Un tronçon est défini comme une portion de distributeur ayant des orifices de même diamètre.A section is defined as a dispenser portion having orifices of the same diameter.

La surface totale des orifices de distribution est précisée dans le tableau 2 dans 2 cas:

  • Le cas 1 correspond à des orifices de taille uniforme sur l'ensemble du distributeur. La surface de l'ensemble des orifices correspondant à un tronçon de 1m est de 15,7 cm2. Ce cas ne correspond pas à l'invention. Il est donné à titre comparatif.
  • Le cas 2 correspond à des orifices de taille croissante selon la distance longitudinale du brûleur, la croissance de la surface totale des orifices d'un tronçon au suivant étant de type exponentielle.
The total area of the distribution orifices is specified in Table 2 in 2 cases:
  • Case 1 corresponds to holes of uniform size over the entire dispenser. The surface of all the orifices corresponding to a 1m section is 15.7 cm 2 . This case does not correspond to the invention. It is given for comparison.
  • Case 2 corresponds to orifices of increasing size according to the longitudinal distance of the burner, the growth of the total surface of the orifices from one section to the next being of the exponential type.

Les débits de réactifs et les conditions de température et de pression sont indiqués dans le tableau 1.The reagent flow rates and the temperature and pressure conditions are shown in Table 1.

La figure 5 montre que dans le premier cas, la vitesse radiale (Ur) du combustible à la surface externe de l'élément poreux présente une variation importante le long de l'axe longitudinal (d) du brûleur. La courbe correspondant au premier cas est en pointillé sur la figure 5.The figure 5 shows that in the first case, the radial velocity (Ur) of the fuel at the outer surface of the porous element has a large variation along the longitudinal axis (d) of the burner. The curve corresponding to the first case is dotted on the figure 5 .

Dans le second cas, du fait de la loi de distribution des orifices, la vitesse radiale (Ur) du combustible est beaucoup plus homogène tout au long de l'axe longitudinal (d) du brûleur. Cette meilleure homogénéité de la vitesse radiale (Ur) assure un flux de chaleur sensiblement constant tout au long du tube. La courbe correspondant à ce second cas est en trait plein sur la figure 5. Ce point est particulièrement important avec des tubes dont la longueur est de 12 mètres.In the second case, because of the distribution law of the orifices, the radial velocity (Ur) of the fuel is much more homogeneous along the longitudinal axis (d) of the burner. This better homogeneity of the radial velocity (Ur) ensures a substantially constant heat flow throughout the tube. The curve corresponding to this second case is in full line on the figure 5 . This point is particularly important with tubes whose length is 12 meters.

La figure 6 représente l'évolution de la consommation d'hydrogène Y(H2), selon la direction joignant le centre du brûleur à celui du tube à chauffer, dite direction centre à centre. L'origine des distances (r) selon cette direction est conventionnellement choisie à la surface externe de l'élément poreux du brûleur considéré. Les valeurs Y(H2) se lisent en ordonnée sur la gauche de la figure 6.The figure 6 represents the evolution of the hydrogen consumption Y (H2), according to the direction joining the center of the burner to that of the tube to be heated, said direction center to center. The origin of the distances (r) in this direction is conventionally chosen on the external surface of the porous element of the burner considered. The values Y (H2) are read on the y-axis on the left of the figure 6 .

La figure 6 montre que la quantité d'hydrogène Y(H2), diminue rapidement selon la direction centre à centre. Pratiquement 90 % de l'hydrogène introduit est consommé sur une distance de 10 mm, ce qui signifie par voie de conséquence, que la zone de combustion se situe à proximité du poreux. On est donc dans le cas d'une combustion bien localisée.The figure 6 shows that the amount of hydrogen Y (H2) decreases rapidly in the center-to-center direction. Almost 90% of the hydrogen introduced is consumed over a distance of 10 mm, which means that the combustion zone is close to the porous zone. We are in the case of a well localized combustion.

La figure 6 montre également (sur la droite de la figure 6) l'évolution de la température T des gaz de combustion selon la direction centre à centre (0°C= 273 K).The figure 6 also shows (on the right of the figure 6 ) the evolution of the temperature T of the combustion gases in the center-to-center direction (0 ° C = 273 K).

Cette température présente un maximum de 1800 K au voisinage de la surface externe de l'élément poreux, soit dans le cas de l'exemple, à 10 mm de la dite surface externe. La température T diminue ensuite jusqu'à atteindre une valeur inférieure ou égale à 1200 K. Cette valeur est compatible avec des matériaux non réfractaires, ce qui est particulièrement intéressant dans le choix de la métallurgie des tubes et dans l'économie du procédé. Tableau 1 Comburant Combustible Pression absolue (MPa) 0,43 0,43 Débit massique (kg.s-1) 1,084 0,00848 T entrée (°C) 800 800 Composition (% massique) 14,6% O2 47,8% H2 8,8% H2O 25,7% CH4 1,4% CO2 1,7% CO 23,0% CO2 Tableau 2 Tronçon 0-1m 1-2m 2-3m 3-4m 4-5m 5-6m 6-7m 7-8m 8-9m 9-10m Surface totale des trous sur le tronçon cas 1 (cm2) 15,7 15,7 15,7 15,7 15,7 15,7 15,7 15,7 15,7 15,7 Surface totale des trous sur le tronçon cas 2 (cm2) 1,57 3,45 5,12 7,59 11,3 16,7 24,8 36,7 54,4 80,7 This temperature has a maximum of 1800 K in the vicinity of the outer surface of the porous element, or in the case of the example, 10 mm from said outer surface. The temperature T then decreases to a value of less than or equal to 1200 K. This value is compatible with non-refractory materials, which is particularly interesting in the choice of tube metallurgy and in the economics of the process. <i> Table 1 </ i> oxidizer Combustible Absolute pressure (MPa) 0.43 0.43 Mass flow (kg.s-1) 1,084 0.00848 T inlet (° C) 800 800 Composition (% by mass) 14.6% O 2 47.8% H 2 8.8% H 2 O 25.7% CH 4 1.4% CO 2 1.7% CO 23.0% CO 2 Section 0-1M 1-2m 2-3m 3-4m 4-5m 5-6m 6-7m 7-8m 8-9m 9-10m Total area of the holes on section case 1 (cm 2 ) 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 Total area of the holes on section case 2 (cm 2 ) 1.57 3.45 5.12 7.59 11.3 16.7 24.8 36.7 54.4 80.7

Claims (12)

  1. Premixing-less hydrogen burner with a cylindrical geometry of length L and diameter D, with an L/D ratio of between 10 and 500, and preferably between 30 and 300, having a central hydrogen distributor (1) with a non-uniform orifice distribution (8) and having a porous element (2) of annular shape that surrounds the central distributor (1) at least over its entire length L, said length L being comprised between 2 and 15 meters, and the porosity of said porous element being greater than 50%, whereby the thickness of said porous element (2) is between 0.1 and 2 cm, and whereby the inner surface of said porous element (2) is located at a distance from the central distributor (1) of between 0.5 cm and 10 cm, the central distributor (1) being divided into at least two sections, whereby each section has orifices of the same diameter, the diameters of the orifices of a section being greater than all the diameters of the orifices of a preceding section in the direction of flow of the fuel, and each section having a length of between 10 mm and 2 meters.
  2. Premixing-less hydrogen burner according to claim 1, in which each section of the central distributor (1) has orifices of increasing diameter according to a law that is exponential in nature in the direction of flow of the fuel.
  3. Premixing-less hydrogen burner according to any of claims 1 to 2, in which the length L of the central distributor (1) is between 5 and 12 meters.
  4. Premixing-less hydrogen burner according to any of claims 1 to 3, in which the center-to-center distance of the orifices of the same section is between 0.5 cm and 50 cm, and preferably between 1 cm and 20 cm.
  5. Premixing-less hydrogen burner according to any of claims 1 to 4, in which the porous element (2) has a porosity of at least 80%.
  6. Premixing-less hydrogen burner according to any of claims 1 to 5, in which the porous element (2) has at least two zones of different porosity.
  7. Premixing-less hydrogen burner according to any of claims 1 to 6, adapted so that the hydrogen is introduced into the central distributor (1) at a pressure of between 0.1 and 10 MPa.
  8. Premixing-less hydrogen burner according to any of claims 1 to 7, in which the oxidizer is introduced into a first annular space (4) that surrounds the porous element (2) of the burner, and the combustion gases are collected in a second annular space (5) that surrounds the first annular space (4).
  9. Premixing-less hydrogen burner according to any of claims 1 to 8, adapted so that the oxidizer circulates in a direction that is approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the burner at a speed of between 1 m/s and 100 m/s, and preferably 3 m/s to 80 m/s.
  10. Premixing-less hydrogen burner according to any of claims 1 to 9, adapted so that the mean radial speed of the fuel that is related to the inner surface of the porous element (2) is between 2 mm/s and 100 cm/s and preferably between 0.5 cm/s and 10 cm/s.
  11. Premixing-less hydrogen burner according to any of claims 1 to 10, in which the distributor is divided into a certain number of sections, whereby the length of each section varies from 20 mm to 1.5 meter.
  12. Application of the premixing-less hydrogen burner according to any of claims 1 to 11 to a furnace for vapor-reforming of natural gas or naphtha.
EP08775565.8A 2007-02-26 2008-02-14 Porous hydrogen burner without premixing Active EP2129966B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0610999A FR2913097B1 (en) 2007-02-26 2007-02-26 POROUS BURNER WITH HYDROGEN WITHOUT PREMIX
PCT/FR2008/000207 WO2008122707A2 (en) 2007-02-26 2008-02-14 Porous hydrogen burner without premixing

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EP2129966A2 EP2129966A2 (en) 2009-12-09
EP2129966B1 true EP2129966B1 (en) 2019-04-17

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JP (1) JP5331713B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101435699B1 (en)
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FR (1) FR2913097B1 (en)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2129966A2 (en) 2009-12-09
FR2913097B1 (en) 2009-04-24
US20110027739A1 (en) 2011-02-03
RU2451877C2 (en) 2012-05-27
KR101435699B1 (en) 2014-09-01
FR2913097A1 (en) 2008-08-29
WO2008122707A3 (en) 2008-11-20
CA2675989C (en) 2015-09-15
US9739482B2 (en) 2017-08-22
RU2009135815A (en) 2011-04-10
WO2008122707A2 (en) 2008-10-16
JP2010519501A (en) 2010-06-03
CA2675989A1 (en) 2008-10-16
JP5331713B2 (en) 2013-10-30
KR20090118036A (en) 2009-11-17

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