EP2120281B1 - Multi-beam antenna system for multi-spot coverage and satellite comprising such a system - Google Patents
Multi-beam antenna system for multi-spot coverage and satellite comprising such a system Download PDFInfo
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- EP2120281B1 EP2120281B1 EP09160505A EP09160505A EP2120281B1 EP 2120281 B1 EP2120281 B1 EP 2120281B1 EP 09160505 A EP09160505 A EP 09160505A EP 09160505 A EP09160505 A EP 09160505A EP 2120281 B1 EP2120281 B1 EP 2120281B1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010267 cellular communication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of satellite communications and more particularly relates to a multi-beam antennal system for covering a given geographical area decomposed into several ground spots (in English, " spots ").
- Multi-beam antennal systems for multispots coverage of a given geographical area are used in satellite communications.
- the main objective of this technology is to reduce the cost of bit transmission by making the best use of the frequency band allocated to a given application.
- the identical signals are reused in non-adjacent cells to increase the capacity of the system.
- the noted reuse factor k characterizes the number of different cells, in terms of signal characteristics, over the entire coverage.
- the figure 1 presents an example of a theoretical cellular network with a fourfold reuse scheme.
- the arrangement of the cells maximizes the distance D between identical cells, materialized on the figure 1 by the same filling pattern.
- the allocated frequency band is divided into two sub-frequency bands F 1 and F 2 , and two linear orthogonal polarizations (horizontal H and vertical V) or circular polarizations (right PCG or left PCD) are used.
- the main parameter is the signal to interference ratio (in English, “Carrier to Interference Ratio ", (C / I)).
- the C / I can be improved by increasing the reuse factor, which has the direct consequence of increasing the distance D between two cells using the same signal (same frequency, same polarization) for a given reflector antenna geometry.
- the invention makes it possible, from a reference configuration covering a given geographical area by means of a reuse scheme by k, to obtain a coverage equivalent to a multiple reuse scheme of the reuse factor k of the configuration of reference.
- the invention relates to a multi-beam antennal system for covering a given geographical area decomposed into a plurality of spots, comprising at least one antenna comprising: an array of radiating elements; network supply means such that in operation the radiating elements form a plurality of beams each illuminating a spot, the coverage of the area being performed according to an initial reuse factor reuse scheme.
- each antenna further comprises control means coupled to the supply means such that, in operation, subsets of radiating elements are successively supplied to form a plurality of beams illuminating a beam. portion of each spot of the coverage obtained according to the initial reuse scheme, the resulting coverage being equivalent to a reuse factor reuse scheme equal to the product of the initial reuse factor by the number of portions of each spot.
- the multiplication is obtained by dividing in n sub-spots each spot of the reference configuration.
- each sub-spot has a reduced area of a factor n relative to that of the reference spots.
- the invention uses the technique of beam jumping between sub-spots of the same reference spot.
- the invention relates to a satellite comprising at least one antenna system according to the first aspect of the invention.
- the proposed technique is based on a 3 or 4 reuse scheme in which each cell is subdivided into sub-spots, illuminated successively by the beam-jumping technique.
- the proposed system can be seen as an antenna-level implementation of both spatial division multiplexing ( Spatial Division Multiple Access , (SDMA)) and time division ( Time Division Multiple Access ) techniques. (TDMA)), frequently used in terrestrial systems to improve their capacity.
- SDMA Spatial Division Multiple Access
- TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
- each of these four spots corresponds to the association of a sub-frequency band and a polarization.
- Each subset of spots in the cover is obtained by means of a reflector antenna, ie four identical antennas in the case of an FAFR antenna solution where a source of the focal grating produces a spot.
- the number of necessary reflector antennas could be reduced by using several sources of the focal grating to produce a spot.
- the reflector 33 is typically of a diameter of 2 m for an operating frequency of 20 GHz, to allow if necessary the arrangement of two reflectors on the same side face of the satellite.
- Each antenna used to obtain the cover comprises a reflector 33 disposed facing the network 30 of radiating elements.
- each of the spots on the geographical area to be covered is obtained by the radiation of a source of the focal network on the reflector.
- a network of sources is in particular arranged in the focal plane of the parabolic reflector, possibly formed to improve the overall performance of the antenna.
- Each source of the focal network is typically a corrugated horn whose maximum diameter is geometrically imposed by the minimum distance between two spots of the cover illustrated on the diagram. figure 2b .
- Each source emits different signals, but the polarization and frequency subband used is the same for all the sources of the focal network.
- angular distances mentioned correspond to a representation in spherical coordinates (r, ⁇ , ⁇ ) centered at the apex of the paraboloid defining the shape of the reflector.
- the pitch of the mesh is calculated in order to ensure a cross-matching between spots at a directivity level typically 4 dB below the maximum of directivity, thus allowing coverage without a significant dip in directivity.
- the spots made are circular in view of the electromagnetic properties of the antennas used but the service area is hexagonal.
- the hexagon has been retained for cellular networks because it is the polygon closest to the circle for paving the plane.
- the analyzed zone therefore has a ⁇ d 2 4 , , for a service area of 3 ⁇ 3 ⁇ d 2 8 .
- the ratio between the service area and the analyzed area is therefore 3 ⁇ 3 2 ⁇ ⁇ about 83%.
- This beam overlap nevertheless offers a certain flexibility since the users located in these zones can be allocated indifferently to one or the other of the spots thus relieving the spots with a high density of users.
- DRA direct radiation
- the antennal system that will be described here produces an area coverage equivalent to the coverage of the reference configuration as illustrated on the Figures 2a and 2b .
- Each sub-spot therefore has a diameter of 0.38 ° according to the preceding hypotheses.
- the shape of the reference spot corresponding to an equivalent reuse by four, is therefore substantially modified since it is the combination of three sub-spots of a cover with reuse by twelve as illustrated on the figure 4 , but it is important to note that the covered service area is the same (Europe in this case).
- each reference focal plane source is replaced by an aggregate of twelve smaller sources as shown respectively on the figure 5b .
- the sources used are typically walking horns whose diameter of the opening is of the order of the wavelength.
- the maximum diameter for a source is imposed geometrically by the distance between two sub-spots of the same reference spot.
- control means 32 are coupled to the power supply means 31 of each sub-network of twelve sources in order to produce the beam jump.
- each sub-array is fed so as to form the beams making it possible to illuminate successively the sub-spots A1, A2 and A3, according to the notations of the figure 4 .
- T 0 the instant at which all the spots A 1 are illuminated simultaneously.
- all the spots A 2 and all spots A 3 will be illuminated respectively at T 0 + ⁇ t and at T 0 + 2. ⁇ t.
- focal network does not show any overlap between sub-networks of twelve radiating elements as illustrated on the figure 5b , which considerably simplifies the design of the supply circuit 31 as well as control means 32.
- control means 32 are limited to a switching matrix, whose technology is to adapt to the constraints of size and power levels sought.
- the power supply circuit is simplified in that the amplitudes and phases are the same for all the radiating elements of a sub-array of twelve sources.
- the power supply and control means are adapted to modify the amplitude and the phase of the source supply law by subassembly according to the portion of the spot of the cover to be illuminated.
- the beam jump pattern is similarly reproduced for spots B, C and D.
- the antennary system described is notably used on a telecommunications satellite as illustrated on the figure 7 for the transmission of multimedia contents.
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Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne le domaine des communications par satellite et elle concerne plus particulièrement un système antennaires multi-faisceaux pour la couverture d'une zone géographique donnée décomposée en plusieurs taches au sol (en anglais, « spots »).The invention relates to the field of satellite communications and more particularly relates to a multi-beam antennal system for covering a given geographical area decomposed into several ground spots (in English, " spots ").
Les systèmes antennaires multi-faisceaux pour la couverture multispots d'une zone géographique donnée sont utilisés dans les communications par satellite.Multi-beam antennal systems for multispots coverage of a given geographical area are used in satellite communications.
L'objectif principal de cette technologie est la baisse du coût de transmission par bit en utilisant au mieux la bande de fréquence allouée à une application donnée.The main objective of this technology is to reduce the cost of bit transmission by making the best use of the frequency band allocated to a given application.
Les techniques actuelles font appel à des systèmes antennaires multi-faisceaux fonctionnant en diversité de fréquence et diversité de polarisation.Current techniques use multi-beam antennal systems operating in frequency diversity and polarization diversity.
Ces techniques sont similaires à celles utilisées pour des réseaux de communications terrestres dits « cellulaires ».These techniques are similar to those used for so-called "cellular" terrestrial communications networks.
Au sein de ces réseaux, la répartition des signaux est telle que deux cellules adjacentes n'ont pas de signaux ayant les mêmes caractéristiques, c'est-à-dire des signaux avec la même fréquence et la même polarisation. L'art antérieur
En revanche, les signaux identiques sont réutilisés dans des cellules non adjacentes afin d'accroître la capacité du système.In contrast, the identical signals are reused in non-adjacent cells to increase the capacity of the system.
Le facteur de réutilisation noté k caractérise le nombre de cellules différentes, en termes de caractéristiques de signaux, sur l'ensemble de la couverture.The noted reuse factor k characterizes the number of different cells, in terms of signal characteristics, over the entire coverage.
La
De façon usuelle pour les transmissions par satellite, la bande de fréquence allouée est divisée en deux sous bandes de fréquences F1 et F2, et deux polarisations orthogonales linéaires (horizontale H et verticale V) ou circulaires (droite PCG ou gauche PCD) sont utilisées.In the usual way for satellite transmissions, the allocated frequency band is divided into two sub-frequency bands F 1 and F 2 , and two linear orthogonal polarizations (horizontal H and vertical V) or circular polarizations (right PCG or left PCD) are used.
Ainsi les quatre cellules d'un schéma de réutilisation par quatre seront définies comme suit :
- F1 + H (ou PCG) ;
- F1 + V (ou PCD) ;
- F2 + H (ou PCG) ;
- F2 + V (ou PCD).
- F1 + H (or PCG);
- F1 + V (or PCD);
- F2 + H (or PCG);
- F2 + V (or PCD).
Dans le cadre des applications multi-faisceaux, le principal paramètre est le rapport signal à interférence (en anglais, « Carrier to Interference ratio », (C/I)).In the context of multi-beam applications, the main parameter is the signal to interference ratio (in English, "Carrier to Interference Ratio ", (C / I)).
Pour une cellule donnée, les signaux utilisant la même fréquence et la même polarisation dans une autre cellule contribuent au bruit et dégradent la liaison.For a given cell, signals using the same frequency and polarization in another cell contribute to the noise and degrade the link.
Le C/I peut être amélioré en augmentant le facteur de réutilisation, ce qui a pour conséquence directe d'augmenter la distance D entre deux cellules utilisant le même signal (même fréquence, même polarisation) pour une géométrie d'antenne réflecteur donnée.The C / I can be improved by increasing the reuse factor, which has the direct consequence of increasing the distance D between two cells using the same signal (same frequency, same polarization) for a given reflector antenna geometry.
Toutefois, compte tenu des contraintes d'aménagement liées aux types d'antennes employées pour les télécommunications par satellite (antennes réflecteurs simple offset, doubles réflecteurs, etc.), il est difficile d'envisager des réutilisations différentes de quatre, car cela augmente le nombre d'antennes à aménager sur le satellite pour des antennes passives de type réflecteur alimenté par un réseau focal (en anglais, « Focal Array Fed Reflector », (FAFR)) ou accroît la complexité de ces antennes (active, circuit d'alimentation numérique, etc.).However, given the development constraints related to the types of antennas used for satellite telecommunications (single offset reflector antennas, double reflectors, etc.), it is difficult to envisage different reuses of four, because this increases the number of antennas to be arranged on the satellite for passive antennas of reflector type fed by a focal network (in English, "Focal Array Fed Reflector " (FAFR)) or increases the complexity of these antennas (active, power supply circuit digital, etc.).
L'invention permet, à partir d'une configuration de référence couvrant une zone géographique donnée au moyen d'un schéma de réutilisation par k, d'obtenir une couverture équivalente à un schéma de réutilisation multiple du facteur de réutilisation k de la configuration de référence.The invention makes it possible, from a reference configuration covering a given geographical area by means of a reuse scheme by k, to obtain a coverage equivalent to a multiple reuse scheme of the reuse factor k of the configuration of reference.
Ainsi, selon un premier aspect, l'invention concerne un système antennaire multi-faisceaux pour couverture d'une zone géographique donnée décomposée en une pluralité de spots, comprenant au moins une antenne comprenant : un réseau d'éléments rayonnants; des moyens d'alimentation du réseau tels qu'en fonctionnement les éléments rayonnants forment une pluralité de faisceaux éclairant chacun un spot, la couverture de la zone étant effectuée selon un schéma de réutilisation initial de facteur de réutilisation initial.Thus, according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a multi-beam antennal system for covering a given geographical area decomposed into a plurality of spots, comprising at least one antenna comprising: an array of radiating elements; network supply means such that in operation the radiating elements form a plurality of beams each illuminating a spot, the coverage of the area being performed according to an initial reuse factor reuse scheme.
Le système de l'invention est caractérisé en ce que chaque antenne comprend en outre des moyens de commande couplés aux moyens d'alimentation tels qu'en fonctionnement des sous-ensembles d'éléments rayonnants sont alimentés successivement pour former une pluralité de faisceaux éclairant une portion de chaque spot de la couverture obtenue selon le schéma de réutilisation initial, la couverture ainsi obtenue étant équivalente à un schéma de réutilisation de facteur de réutilisation égal au produit du facteur de réutilisation initial par le nombre de portions de chaque spot.The system of the invention is characterized in that each antenna further comprises control means coupled to the supply means such that, in operation, subsets of radiating elements are successively supplied to form a plurality of beams illuminating a beam. portion of each spot of the coverage obtained according to the initial reuse scheme, the resulting coverage being equivalent to a reuse factor reuse scheme equal to the product of the initial reuse factor by the number of portions of each spot.
Le facteur de réutilisation K de la couverture obtenu par le système antennaire de l'invention peut donc s'écrire K=k.n, où n est un entier.The reuse factor K of the coverage obtained by the antenna system of the invention can therefore be written K = k.n, where n is an integer.
La multiplication est obtenue en divisant en n sous-spots chaque spot de la configuration de référence. Ainsi chaque sous-spot présente une aire réduite d'un facteur n par rapport à celle des spots de référence.The multiplication is obtained by dividing in n sub-spots each spot of the reference configuration. Thus each sub-spot has a reduced area of a factor n relative to that of the reference spots.
A géométrie d'antenne réflecteur identique, cette caractéristique permet d'améliorer la directivité minimum sur le sous-spot considéré par rapport à la configuration de référence.With identical reflector antenna geometry, this characteristic makes it possible to improve the minimum directivity on the considered sub-spot with respect to the reference configuration.
Afin d'assurer la couverture de l'ensemble des sous-spots sans accroître le nombre de réflecteurs, l'invention utilise la technique de saut de faisceau entre sous-spots d'un même spot de référence.In order to ensure the coverage of all the sub-spots without increasing the number of reflectors, the invention uses the technique of beam jumping between sub-spots of the same reference spot.
Le système de l'invention pourra comprendre en outre les caractéristiques suivantes :
- les moyens d'alimentation et de commande sont adaptés pour modifier l'amplitude et la phase de la loi d'alimentation des éléments rayonnants par sous-ensemble selon la portion du spot de la couverture à éclairer ;
- chaque antenne comprend en outre un réflecteur disposé en regard du réseau d'éléments rayonnants ;
- le réflecteur est de forme parabolique, le réseau étant disposé dans le plan focal du réflecteur ;
- les moyens de commande sont adaptés pour commander à un instant donné l'alimentation d'un nombre d'éléments rayonnants inférieur au nombre total d'éléments rayonnants du sous-ensemble du réseau correspondant à un spot du schéma de réutilisation initial ;
- les moyens d'alimentation permettent de discriminer: les polarisations orthogonales, ou les sous bandes de fréquence ou les deux simultanément ;
- chaque sous-ensemble du réseau comprend douze éléments rayonnants ;
- les moyens de commande sont adaptés pour commander l'alimentation de sept éléments rayonnants parmi douze ;
- les moyens de commandes sont constitués d'une matrice de commutation ;
- le nombre d'antennes est égal au facteur de réutilisation initial ;
- le nombre d'antennes est égal à trois ou quatre.
- the supply and control means are adapted to change the amplitude and the phase of the supply law of the radiating elements by subassembly according to the portion of the spot of the cover to be illuminated;
- each antenna further comprises a reflector arranged facing the array of radiating elements;
- the reflector is of parabolic shape, the array being disposed in the focal plane of the reflector;
- the control means are adapted to control at a given instant the supply of a number of radiating elements less than the total number of radiating elements of the subset of the network corresponding to a spot of the initial reuse scheme;
- the supply means discriminate: orthogonal polarizations, or frequency sub-bands or both simultaneously;
- each subset of the network comprises twelve radiating elements;
- the control means are adapted to control the supply of seven of twelve radiating elements;
- the control means consist of a switching matrix;
- the number of antennas is equal to the initial reuse factor;
- the number of antennas is equal to three or four.
Et, selon un second aspect, l'invention concerne un satellite comprenant au moins un système antennaire selon le premier aspect de l'invention.And, according to a second aspect, the invention relates to a satellite comprising at least one antenna system according to the first aspect of the invention.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront encore de la description qui suit laquelle est purement illustrative et non limitative et doit être lue en regard des figures annexées sur lesquelles outre la
- les
figures 2a et 2b illustrent respectivement la couverture de l'Europe selon un motif de réutilisation par quatre et par un spot de chaque motif ; - la
figure 3 illustre une antenne réflecteur alimentée par un réseau focal (FAFR) ; - la
figure 4 illustre la couverture produite par trois sous-spots de chaque motif dans le cas d'une réutilisation K=12 (n=3) couvrant une aire équivalente à la couverture de référence selon un motif de réutilisation par quatre ; - les
figures 5a et 5b illustrent respectivement les réseaux focaux de la configuration de référence et de la configuration de l'invention dans le cas d'une réutilisation équivalente à K=12 ; - les
figures 6a, 6b et 6c illustrent le principe du saut de faisceau entre sous-spots au niveau du réseau focal ; - la
figure 7 illustre un satellite de télécommunication assurant une couverture multifaisceaux avec quatre antennes FAFR.
- the
Figures 2a and 2b respectively illustrate the coverage of Europe according to a pattern of reuse by four and a spot of each pattern; - the
figure 3 illustrates a reflective antenna fed by a focal grating (FAFR); - the
figure 4 illustrates the coverage produced by three sub-spots of each pattern in the case of a re-use K = 12 (n = 3) covering an area equivalent to the reference coverage with a reuse pattern of four; - the
Figures 5a and 5b respectively illustrate the focal networks of the reference configuration and the configuration of the invention in the case of a reuse equivalent to K = 12; - the
Figures 6a, 6b and 6c illustrate the principle of beam jumping between sub-spots at the focal network; - the
figure 7 illustrates a telecommunication satellite providing multibeam coverage with four FAFR antennas.
Dans ce qui va suivre on emploie pour élément rayonnant, le terme source et inversement.In what follows will be used for radiating element, the source term and vice versa.
La technique proposée s'appuie sur un schéma de réutilisation par 3 ou 4 dont chaque cellule est subdivisée en sous-spots, éclairés successivement par la technique de saut de faisceaux.The proposed technique is based on a 3 or 4 reuse scheme in which each cell is subdivided into sub-spots, illuminated successively by the beam-jumping technique.
A géométrie égale, cette réduction de la taille des spots effectivement utilisés à un instant donné assure naturellement de meilleures performances en directivité minimum et par voie de conséquence en roll-off (facteur de retombée) et C/I.At equal geometry, this reduction in the size of the spots actually used at a given instant naturally ensures that better performance in minimum directivity and consequently in roll-off and C / I.
Finalement, le système proposé peut être vu comme une implantation au niveau antenne à la fois des techniques de multiplexage spatial (en anglais, « Spatial Division Multiple Access », (SDMA)) et temporel (en anglais, « Time Division Multiple Access », (TDMA)), fréquemment utilisées dans les systèmes terrestres pour améliorer leur capacité.Finally, the proposed system can be seen as an antenna-level implementation of both spatial division multiplexing ( Spatial Division Multiple Access , (SDMA)) and time division ( Time Division Multiple Access ) techniques. (TDMA)), frequently used in terrestrial systems to improve their capacity.
On a représenté sur la
Tel que connu en soi, chacun de ces quatre spots correspond à l'association d'une sous bande de fréquence et d'une polarisation.As known per se, each of these four spots corresponds to the association of a sub-frequency band and a polarization.
On a représenté sur la
Chaque sous ensemble de spots de la couverture est obtenu au moyen d'une antenne réflecteur, soit quatre antennes identiques dans le cas d'une solution d'antenne FAFR où une source du réseau focal produit un spot.Each subset of spots in the cover is obtained by means of a reflector antenna, ie four identical antennas in the case of an FAFR antenna solution where a source of the focal grating produces a spot.
Tel que connu en soi, le nombre d'antennes réflecteurs nécessaire pourrait être réduit en utilisant plusieurs sources du réseau focal pour produire un spot.As known per se, the number of necessary reflector antennas could be reduced by using several sources of the focal grating to produce a spot.
Toutefois, on note que dans ce cas, la complexité du circuit d'alimentation du réseau focal est accrue de manière significative, chaque source élémentaire devant discriminer les polarisations orthogonales ou les sous bandes de fréquence ou les deux à la fois.However, it should be noted that in this case, the complexity of the focal network supply circuit is significantly increased, each elementary source having to discriminate orthogonal polarizations or frequency sub-bands or both at once.
On a représenté sur la
Le réflecteur 33 est typiquement d'un diamètre de 2 m pour une fréquence de fonctionnement de 20 GHz, afin de permettre si besoin l'aménagement de deux réflecteurs sur une même face latérale du satellite.The
Chaque antenne utilisée pour obtenir la couverture comprend un réflecteur 33 disposé en regard du réseau 30 d'éléments rayonnants.Each antenna used to obtain the cover comprises a
Dans le cas de la configuration de référence, chacun des spots sur la zone géographique à couvrir est obtenu par le rayonnement d'une source du réseau focal sur le réflecteur.In the case of the reference configuration, each of the spots on the geographical area to be covered is obtained by the radiation of a source of the focal network on the reflector.
On a illustré sur la
Chaque source du réseau focal est typiquement un cornet corrugué dont le diamètre maximum est géométriquement imposé par la distance minimale entre deux spots de la couverture illustré sur la
Chaque source émet des signaux différents, mais la polarisation et la sous bande de fréquence employée est la même pour toutes les sources du réseau focal.Each source emits different signals, but the polarization and frequency subband used is the same for all the sources of the focal network.
Pour obtenir la couverture complète telle qu'illustrée sur la
Par la suite, afin d'établir certaines performances nous considérons les hypothèses suivantes :
- la fréquence de fonctionnement considérée est de 20 GHz ;
- l'antenne réflecteur est caractérisée par un diamètre de 1,7 m et une focale de 3m ;
- chaque spot au sol présente un diamètre de 0,65° ;
- les spots sont répartis à quelques exceptions près selon un maillage triangulaire également appelé maillage hexagonal défini par un pas de 0,56°.
- the operating frequency considered is 20 GHz;
- the reflector antenna is characterized by a diameter of 1.7 m and a focal length of 3m;
- each spot on the ground has a diameter of 0.65 °;
- the spots are distributed with a few exceptions according to a triangular mesh also called hexagonal mesh defined by a step of 0.56 °.
On note que les distances angulaires mentionnées correspondent à une représentation en coordonnées sphériques (r, θ, φ) centrées au sommet du paraboloïde définissant la forme du réflecteur.Note that the angular distances mentioned correspond to a representation in spherical coordinates (r, θ, φ) centered at the apex of the paraboloid defining the shape of the reflector.
Le pas du maillage est calculé afin d'assurer un recoupement entre spots à un niveau de directivité typiquement 4 dB en dessous du maximum de directivité, permettant ainsi une couverture sans creux significatif de directivité. La relation entre taille du spot et pas du maillage dans le cas triangulaire est la suivante
où p est le pas du maillage et d le diamètre d'un spot.The pitch of the mesh is calculated in order to ensure a cross-matching between spots at a directivity level typically 4 dB below the maximum of directivity, thus allowing coverage without a significant dip in directivity. The relationship between spot size and mesh pitch in the triangular case is as follows
where p is the pitch of the mesh and the diameter of a spot.
On note que les spots réalisés sont de forme circulaire compte tenu des propriétés électromagnétiques des antennes utilisées mais la zone de service est hexagonale. L'hexagone a été retenu pour les réseaux cellulaires car il s'agit du polygone le plus proche du cercle permettant de paver le plan.It is noted that the spots made are circular in view of the electromagnetic properties of the antennas used but the service area is hexagonal. The hexagon has been retained for cellular networks because it is the polygon closest to the circle for paving the plane.
Pour un spot de diamètre d, la zone analysée a donc une aire de
Ce recouvrement de faisceau offre néanmoins une certaine flexibilité puisque les utilisateurs situés dans ces zones peuvent être attribués indifféremment à l'un ou l'autre des spots soulageant ainsi les spots à forte densité d'utilisateurs.This beam overlap nevertheless offers a certain flexibility since the users located in these zones can be allocated indifferently to one or the other of the spots thus relieving the spots with a high density of users.
On note qu'il est possible d'obtenir des résultats similaires avec une antenne réseau à rayonnement direct (ou DRA) c'est-à-dire dépourvue de réflecteur.It is noted that it is possible to obtain similar results with a direct radiation (or DRA) array antenna, that is to say without a reflector.
Le système antennaire que l'on va décrire ici produit une couverture d'aire équivalente à la couverture de la configuration de référence telle qu'illustrée sur les
L'intérêt du système est que pour obtenir une réutilisation par douze le nombre d'antennes mis en oeuvre dans le système antennaire est égal au facteur de réutilisation initial (k=4).The advantage of the system is that to obtain a reuse by twelve the number of antennas implemented in the antennal system is equal to the initial reuse factor (k = 4).
On se place donc ici dans le cas d'une réutilisation K=12, soit une division des spots de référence en n=3 sous-spots.We therefore place ourselves here in the case of a re-use K = 12, ie a division of the reference spots into n = 3 sub-spots.
Le diamètre des sous-spots utilisés est lié au diamètre des spots de référence selon la formule suivante
Chaque sous-spot a donc un diamètre de 0,38° selon les hypothèses précédentes.Each sub-spot therefore has a diameter of 0.38 ° according to the preceding hypotheses.
La forme du spot de référence, correspondant à une réutilisation équivalente par quatre, est donc sensiblement modifiée puisqu'il s'agit de l'association de trois sous-spots d'une couverture à réutilisation par douze tel qu'illustré sur la
La superposition de quatre couvertures A, B, C, D, semblables à celles de la
Chaque spot A, B, C, D - dit spot de référence - est donc divisé en trois sous spots (n=3).Each spot A, B, C, D - said reference spot - is therefore divided into three sub spots (n = 3).
On a représenté sur la
Pour obtenir la couverture selon un motif de réutilisation par douze, chaque source du plan focal de référence est remplacée par un agrégat de douze sources plus petites tel qu'illustré respectivement sur la
Les sources utilisées sont typiquement des cornets à marche dont le diamètre de l'ouverture est de l'ordre de la longueur d'onde.The sources used are typically walking horns whose diameter of the opening is of the order of the wavelength.
Le diamètre maximum pour une source est imposé géométriquement par la distance entre deux sous-spots d'un même spot de référence.The maximum diameter for a source is imposed geometrically by the distance between two sub-spots of the same reference spot.
En outre, des moyens de commande 32 sont couplés aux moyens d'alimentation 31 de chaque sous réseau de douze sources afin de produire le saut de faisceau.In addition, control means 32 are coupled to the power supply means 31 of each sub-network of twelve sources in order to produce the beam jump.
Plus précisément de manière successive sept éléments rayonnants (parmi douze) de chaque sous réseau sont alimentés de manière à former les faisceaux permettant d'éclairer successivement les sous-spots A1, A2 et A3, selon les notations de la
La mise en oeuvre d'un regroupement de sept sources permet d'obtenir des courbes isoniveaux tout en conservant un circuit d'alimentation qui est simple.The implementation of a grouping of seven sources makes it possible to obtain iso-level curves while maintaining a supply circuit that is simple.
On a représenté sur les
De manière plus précise, soit δt la période du saut de faisceau et T0 l'instant auquel tous les spots A1 sont éclairés simultanément. Ainsi, tous les spots A2 et tous les spots A3 seront éclairées respectivement à T0+δt et à T0+2.δt.More precisely, let δt be the period of the beam jump and T 0 be the instant at which all the spots A 1 are illuminated simultaneously. Thus, all the spots A 2 and all spots A 3 will be illuminated respectively at T 0 + δt and at T 0 + 2.δt.
Il est important de noter que le réseau focal ne présente pas de recoupement entre sous réseaux de douze éléments rayonnants tel qu'illustré sur la
Ainsi, selon le mode de réalisation décrit, les moyens de commande 32 se limitent à une matrice de commutation, dont la technologie est à adapter aux contraintes d'encombrement et niveaux de puissance recherchés.Thus, according to the embodiment described, the control means 32 are limited to a switching matrix, whose technology is to adapt to the constraints of size and power levels sought.
De plus, le circuit d'alimentation est simplifié en ce que les amplitudes et phases sont les mêmes pour tous les éléments rayonnant d'un sous réseau de douze sources.In addition, the power supply circuit is simplified in that the amplitudes and phases are the same for all the radiating elements of a sub-array of twelve sources.
Il est toutefois possible d'envisager une optimisation soit en amplitude, soit en phase, ou les deux simultanément tel que connu afin d'améliorer encore les performances globales de l'antenne.However, it is possible to consider optimization in either amplitude or phase, or both simultaneously as known to further improve the overall performance of the antenna.
On note cependant que les moyens d'alimentation et de commande sont adaptés pour modifier l'amplitude et la phase de la loi d'alimentation des sources par sous-ensemble selon la portion du spot de la couverture à éclairer.However, it should be noted that the power supply and control means are adapted to modify the amplitude and the phase of the source supply law by subassembly according to the portion of the spot of the cover to be illuminated.
En fonction des réalisations, on pourra envisager de placer la matrice de commutation avant, après ou même intégrée au circuit d'alimentation 31.Depending on the embodiments, it will be possible to envisage placing the switching matrix before, after or even integrated in the supply circuit 31.
Le schéma de saut de faisceau est reproduit de manière similaire pour les spots B, C et D.The beam jump pattern is similarly reproduced for spots B, C and D.
De même que dans la configuration de référence, il est possible de réduire le nombre d'antennes pour produire la couverture totale si les sources élémentaires sont en mesure de discriminer les polarisations orthogonales ou les sous bandes de fréquences ou les deux simultanément.As in the reference configuration, it is possible to reduce the number of antennas to produce the total coverage if the elementary sources are able to discriminate the orthogonal polarizations or the sub-frequency bands or both simultaneously.
La réduction du nombre d'antenne nécessite donc une complexité accrue au niveau de circuit d'alimentation des éléments rayonnants.Reducing the number of antennas therefore requires increased complexity in the supply circuit of the radiating elements.
Cette complexité semble moindre dans le cas d'une association des polarisations orthogonales, ce qui permet donc de réduire à deux le nombre d'antennes nécessaires pour réaliser la couverture totale.This complexity seems to be lower in the case of an association of orthogonal polarizations, which thus makes it possible to reduce to two the number of antennas necessary to achieve the total coverage.
Le tableau ci-dessous récapitule les performances des deux configurations ci-dessus présentées.
Le système antennaire présentant un facteur de réutilisation par K=12 permet une amélioration du C/I de près de 4dB, la directivité en bord de couverture est augmentée de 1dB et le roll-off (facteur de retombée) passe de 4,1 dB à 1,38 dB.The antennal system with a reuse factor of K = 12 allows a C / I improvement of almost 4dB, the edge directivity is increased by 1dB and the roll-off increases by 4.1 dB at 1.38 dB.
Le système antennaire décrit est notamment utilisé sur un satellite de télécommunication tel qu'illustré sur la
Claims (12)
- Multi-beam antenna system for the coverage of a given geographical area divided into a plurality of spots (A, B, C, D) grouped together by set and are defined by the same frequency sub-band and the same polarisation, comprising at least one antenna (3), each antenna in operation lighting a set of spots (A, B, C, D) and comprising:- a network (30) of radiating elements (1-12);- means for supplying (31) the network such that in operation the radiating elements form a plurality of beams to light a set of spots (A, B, C, D), the coverage of the area being carried out according to a an initial reuse diagram of the initial reuse factor (k);
the antenna system being characterised in that each antenna further comprises- means for controlling (32) connected to the means for supplying (31) such that in operation subsets of radiating elements (1-12) are successively supplied at n different instants in order to form at each instant a plurality of beams lighting a portion (A1-A3) of each set of spots (A, B, C, D), n being the number of portions (A1-A3) of each set of spots (A, B, C, D), the obtained coverage being equivalent to a reuse factor reuse diagram (K) equal to the product of the initial reuse factor (k) by the number n of portions (A1-A3) of each spot. - System according to claim 1, characterised in that the means for supplying (31) and for controlling (32) are adapted in order to modify the amplitude and the phase of the supply law of the radiating elements by subset according to the portion of the spot of the coverage to be lit.
- System according to claim 1, characterised in that each antenna further comprises a reflector (33) arranged across from the network (30) of radiating elements (1-12).
- System as claimed in the preceding claim, characterised in that the reflector is of parabolic shape, the network being arranged in the focal plane of the reflector (33).
- System according to claim 1, characterised in that the means for controlling (32) are adapted in order to control at a given instant the supplying of a number of radiating elements of the subset of the network corresponding to a spot of the initial reuse diagram.
- System as claimed in the preceding claim, characterised in that the radiating elements make it possible to discriminate the orthogonal polarisations, or the frequency sub-bands or both simultaneously in order to reduce the number of antennas.
- System according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that each set of the network (30) comprises twelve radiating elements.
- System according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the means for controlling (32) are adapted in order to control the supplying of seven radiating elements out of twelve.
- System as claimed in the preceding claim, characterised in that the means of controlling are comprised of a switching matrix.
- System according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the number of antennas is equal to the initial reuse factor.
- System according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the number of antennas is equal to three or four.
- Satellite (60) comprising a multi-beam antenna system for multi-spot coverage according to one of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0853190A FR2931302B1 (en) | 2008-05-16 | 2008-05-16 | MULTI-BEAM ANTENNA SYSTEM FOR MULTISPOT AND SATELLITE COVERAGE COMPRISING SUCH A SYSTEM |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2120281A1 EP2120281A1 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
EP2120281B1 true EP2120281B1 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
EP2120281B9 EP2120281B9 (en) | 2011-09-21 |
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EP09160505A Active EP2120281B9 (en) | 2008-05-16 | 2009-05-18 | Multi-beam antenna system for multi-spot coverage and satellite comprising such a system |
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EP (1) | EP2120281B9 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE509390T1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2931302B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
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FR2964800B1 (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2012-08-31 | Centre Nat Etd Spatiales | MULTIFUNCAL TELECOMMUNICATION ANTENNA ON HIGH CAPACITY SATELLITE AND ASSOCIATED TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM |
US9153877B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2015-10-06 | Space Systems/Loral, Llc | High efficiency multi-beam antenna |
US10270524B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2019-04-23 | Space Systems/Loral, Llc | Broadband satellite payload architecture |
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US6157811A (en) * | 1994-01-11 | 2000-12-05 | Ericsson Inc. | Cellular/satellite communications system with improved frequency re-use |
US6075484A (en) * | 1999-05-03 | 2000-06-13 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for robust estimation of directions of arrival for antenna arrays |
-
2008
- 2008-05-16 FR FR0853190A patent/FR2931302B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-05-18 AT AT09160505T patent/ATE509390T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2931302B1 (en) | 2010-07-30 |
EP2120281A1 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
FR2931302A1 (en) | 2009-11-20 |
ATE509390T1 (en) | 2011-05-15 |
EP2120281B9 (en) | 2011-09-21 |
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