EP2118681A1 - Korrektur des systematischen fehlers (bias) der bei der transformation von polaren in kartesische koordinaten bei trackingverfahren entsteht - Google Patents
Korrektur des systematischen fehlers (bias) der bei der transformation von polaren in kartesische koordinaten bei trackingverfahren entstehtInfo
- Publication number
- EP2118681A1 EP2118681A1 EP08700872A EP08700872A EP2118681A1 EP 2118681 A1 EP2118681 A1 EP 2118681A1 EP 08700872 A EP08700872 A EP 08700872A EP 08700872 A EP08700872 A EP 08700872A EP 2118681 A1 EP2118681 A1 EP 2118681A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- variance
- distance
- measurements
- estimation
- nominal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/66—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/72—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems for two-dimensional [2D] tracking, e.g. combination of angle and range tracking, track-while-scan radar
- G01S13/723—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems for two-dimensional [2D] tracking, e.g. combination of angle and range tracking, track-while-scan radar by using numerical data
- G01S13/726—Multiple target tracking
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for evaluating sensor measured values according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- the kinematic state (position, velocity, acceleration) of an object is to be determined by means of suitable sensors.
- the measurements provided by the respective sensors are always flawed.
- a common method for state estimation of an object is to repeatedly record measurements in a chronological sequence by means of a sensor, and to accumulate the information contained therein (including the information about a statistical measurement uncertainty of the sensor) in conjunction with an assumption about a possible movement behavior of the object in that within the scope of the available information, the most accurate possible statement about the instantaneous state of the object is obtained.
- tracking the mean square error, ie the average expected squared deviation of the estimate of the true state, is generally used.
- the mean squared error coincides with the estimation error variance, ie the mean squared deviation of the estimate from the mean expected estimate (instead of the variance, its root, the standard deviation, is often used otherwise, the mean squared error is the sum of the estimate error variance and the square of the bias value. Frequently it is required that the procedure also the spoken measures for the reliability of the estimate. However, this problem can only be approximated, since the true state of the object is not known in the estimation process.
- both the estimates for the condition and the again estimated variance are subject to inevitable statistical errors.
- a systematic error in the estimation of the condition may additionally occur (despite the assumed freedom from bias of the measurements provided by the sensor).
- the distance of an object from a sensor is consistently overestimated, with the resulting difference between the average estimated and actual distance not only on the quality (of the measurements) of the sensor, but also of the (first depending on the estimation method) distance of the object from the sensor.
- estimation methods in which the variance estimated by the system deviates significantly from the actual mean square error are to be regarded as critical. This applies particularly to so-called inconsistent estimation methods, ie when the estimated variance is clearly too small in comparison.
- Tracking is often used in complex technical systems whose goal is to simultaneously track multiple objects.
- association ie the assignment of the individual measurements to the respective objects (or the recognition that this is possibly a false measurement that does not derive from an object of interest) is a core task.
- an inconsistent method is used and If, as a result of the estimate assumed to be too accurate, a measurement actually associated with the object can not be assigned to it, this usually leads to a track interruption, that is to say to a track interruption. h., the system can not continuously track the object and thus operates erroneously.
- sensors perform polar measurements, so provide as measurement data the distance from the sensor r m and the azimuth a m (angle between North and horizontal direction to destination, measured in clockwise direction).
- R n ] and C 2 are those quantities each dependent on r m (but not a m ), representing the method as a nominal equivalent measurement error variance towards the target (the variance R 2 in the direction of distance) and across it (the variance C 2 ).
- R * is also called variance in the range direction
- C m 2 is the variance in the crossrange direction.
- the use of the variables z m and R m as a Cartesian pseudo-measurement is expressed for. For example, in the case where a Kalman filter is used as the estimator, in an update of the position estimate according to FIG.
- the right graph shows the Situation in detail, in which, in addition to the pseudo measurements 2, the respective associated 90% confidence ellipses 2a specified by R m (ie in each case the area in which the target is suspected with 90% probability, dashed lines), the obtained estimate 3 and the 90% confidence ellipsis 3a ascribed to this estimate by the method are shown.
- R m 2 A 2 ((cosh ( ⁇ ⁇ 2 ) - 1) (r m 2 + ⁇ r 2 ) + ⁇ r 2 ) + 2 (cosh ( ⁇ ⁇ 2 ) - 1) r m 2 (1.5)
- the object of the invention is to provide a method by which the disadvantages of the prior art are eliminated.
- the inventive method comprises the following steps: by means of a sensor, a number of n> 1 polar measurements is carried out with respect to an object to be detected, the polar measurements are converted into Cartesian pseudo measurements z m
- the nominal pseudomess error variance f? 2 in the distance direction is calculated in dependence on the nominal pseudo- measurement error variance C 2 across or vice versa such that the variance estimated after processing n> 1 measurements ⁇ c 2 ross across the range direction on average with the actual after processing of these n> 1 Measurements of expected variance ⁇ c 2 ross the estimation error across the distance direction coincides.
- FIG. 1 polar measurements and Cartesian pseudo measurements with nominal measurement error variances and estimates derived therefrom with 90% confidence regions
- FIGS. 2 and 3 show relevant characteristics which the aforementioned methods have for a typical situation after processing exemplary measurements.
- a stationary target at a relatively long distance (r 400km).
- the estimates of the method according to the invention are bias-free and consistent (dashed and solid line are due to each other by design).
- the actual variance in the crossrange direction that is, the average expected square estimation error
- the application of the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous if the distance of the target from the sensor and / or the statistical error of the angle measurements is large.
- a systematic analysis of the expected parameters bias, estimated variance and actual variance is carried out for estimation processes in which polar measurements are used to obtain Cartesian pseudo measurements of the form (1.1) with assumed measurement error variance of the form (1.2).
- polar measurements are used to obtain Cartesian pseudo measurements of the form (1.1) with assumed measurement error variance of the form (1.2).
- the asymptotic behavior of the estimation including the variance of the estimation error and the estimated variance, which after processing a Number n> 1 of such quantities is to be expected on average in the estimation process.
- the factor ⁇ in equation (1.1) increases as a function of r
- the estimated crossrange variance provided by the estimation process after n polar measurements is added cross (1.9) With as well as the actually expected crossrange variance
- the quantities R 2 and C 2 can be determined by obtaining a desired reference ⁇ f ef for the actual crossrange variance in the shape c ross n ⁇ 2 and then determines R * and C 2 by evaluating equations (1.9) through (1.15).
- the factor ⁇ 2 f is chosen as calculated from equations (1.10) to (1.13) in conjunction with (1.15) when used herein
- the determination of R 2 and C * according to equation (1.16) is made temporarily only with the aim of finding a suitable ⁇ 2 f and thus, once this target has been reached, can no longer be regarded as valid.
- Reference method which has on average the same crossrange variance as that of Miller & Drummond, Duan et al. has known methods (see equation (1.6)), in contrast to this but provides bias-free and consistent estimates.
- the reference method is characterized in that the value R 2 f is given a minimal value R 2 for all bias-free methods with consistent estimation of the variance transversely to the distance direction, for which the equations (1.9) to (1.14) always a positive solution for C * own.
- the choice ⁇ 2 ef specifies a bias-free method with consistent estimation of the estimation error variance transversely to the distance direction with the smallest possible nominal variance R 2 of the pseudo measurements in the distance direction.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
- Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007007266.1A DE102007007266B4 (de) | 2007-02-14 | 2007-02-14 | Verfahren zum Auswerten von Sensormesswerten |
| PCT/DE2008/000088 WO2008098537A1 (de) | 2007-02-14 | 2008-01-19 | Korrektur des systematischen fehlers (bias) der bei der transformation von polaren in kartesische koordinaten bei trackingverfahren entsteht |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2118681A1 true EP2118681A1 (de) | 2009-11-18 |
Family
ID=39427701
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08700872A Ceased EP2118681A1 (de) | 2007-02-14 | 2008-01-19 | Korrektur des systematischen fehlers (bias) der bei der transformation von polaren in kartesische koordinaten bei trackingverfahren entsteht |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7928898B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2118681A1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2675310C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102007007266B4 (de) |
| IL (1) | IL199747A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008098537A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10298735B2 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2019-05-21 | Northwater Intellectual Property Fund L.P. 2 | Method and apparatus for dynamic configuration of a multiprocessor health data system |
| US7146260B2 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2006-12-05 | Medius, Inc. | Method and apparatus for dynamic configuration of multiprocessor system |
| US7337650B1 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2008-03-04 | Medius Inc. | System and method for aligning sensors on a vehicle |
| US9358924B1 (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2016-06-07 | Eagle Harbor Holdings, Llc | System and method for modeling advanced automotive safety systems |
| CN109668562A (zh) * | 2017-10-13 | 2019-04-23 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种考虑偏差时引入伪测量的重力梯度运动学导航方法 |
| CN110501696B (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2022-05-31 | 电子科技大学 | 一种基于多普勒量测自适应处理的雷达目标跟踪方法 |
-
2007
- 2007-02-14 DE DE102007007266.1A patent/DE102007007266B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-01-01 US US12/527,146 patent/US7928898B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-01-19 WO PCT/DE2008/000088 patent/WO2008098537A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-01-19 EP EP08700872A patent/EP2118681A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-01-19 CA CA2675310A patent/CA2675310C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-07-07 IL IL199747A patent/IL199747A/en active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2008098537A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2675310A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
| US20100026556A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
| WO2008098537A1 (de) | 2008-08-21 |
| DE102007007266A1 (de) | 2008-08-21 |
| DE102007007266B4 (de) | 2016-02-25 |
| CA2675310C (en) | 2015-12-08 |
| IL199747A (en) | 2014-11-30 |
| IL199747A0 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
| US7928898B2 (en) | 2011-04-19 |
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