EP2115182A1 - Bright coatings for aluminium or steel motor vehicle wheels and their production - Google Patents

Bright coatings for aluminium or steel motor vehicle wheels and their production

Info

Publication number
EP2115182A1
EP2115182A1 EP08701133A EP08701133A EP2115182A1 EP 2115182 A1 EP2115182 A1 EP 2115182A1 EP 08701133 A EP08701133 A EP 08701133A EP 08701133 A EP08701133 A EP 08701133A EP 2115182 A1 EP2115182 A1 EP 2115182A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
aluminum
surface coating
steel
coating according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08701133A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2115182B1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Kränzler
Karsten Loehr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
Daimler AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler AG filed Critical Daimler AG
Publication of EP2115182A1 publication Critical patent/EP2115182A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2115182B1 publication Critical patent/EP2115182B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B05D5/067—Metallic effect
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12479—Porous [e.g., foamed, spongy, cracked, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12556—Organic component
    • Y10T428/12569—Synthetic resin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/12764—Next to Al-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12972—Containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to durable and dirt-repellent aluminum-based gloss coatings on motor vehicle wheels, motor vehicle rims and methods for producing such gloss layers on light-metal or steel substrates.
  • high-gloss surfaces can also be achieved through the process of so-called "gloss-anodising" of the aluminum surfaces.
  • Such a method for aluminum wheels is known, for example, from Alcoa under the Dura-Bright® brand.
  • the main steps of the process include applying a chemical whitening composition to the product, deoxidizing the product surface, electrochemically generating a porous oxide on that product surface by contacting it with an electrolyte bath, containing phosphorous or phosphonic acid and applying a silicate or siloxane-based outer layer to the porous oxide.
  • the surface is dirt-repellent and scratch-resistant as possible.
  • ETC coatings Dirt-repellent coatings or so-called easy-to-clean coatings or coatings (ETC coatings) are known for the protection of high-quality components made of glass, plastic and metals and are intended to prevent contamination or facilitate cleaning. The mechanism of action varies depending on the application.
  • water-repellent coatings are used for glass surfaces. Clean glass is relatively hydrophilic and forms a contact angle of 20 ° to water. In contrast, a hydrophobic ETC coating increases the Contact angle to well over 100 ° with respect to water. This ETC coating offers a significantly reduced wettability, so that waterborne soiling can bead off or be easily washed off.
  • WO2005 085 374 A1 discloses particularly scratch-resistant coatings for light-alloy rims which are based on perhydrosilazanes. Scratch-resistant and dirt-repellent layers are known, for example, from WO 02088269 A1 or DE 10 2004 001 288 A1. The latter document describes hydrophilic coatings for surfaces containing one or more polysilazanes and an ionic reagent or mixtures of ionic reagents.
  • the ionic reagent is preferably a salt of a carboxylic acid, especially a hydroxy carboxylic acid, or a cationic or anionic silane, or an oligomer or polymer. This The effect of the hydrophilic layers is based on the fact that hydrophobic contaminants adhere poorly or that the surface can be washed off well with aqueous cleaning agents.
  • the object of the invention is achieved in a first aspect, by a surface coating on motor vehicle wheels of light metal casting alloys or steel, which may comprise several layers, wherein it has at least one directly applied to the wheel surface first layer of a CVD coating of aluminum or aluminum alloy, with the features of claim 1.
  • the invention is achieved by a process for producing a durable glossy coating on aluminum or steel surfaces comprising the steps
  • An advantage of the invention is that the visual appearance of expensive forged aluminum rims is thus possible cost-effectively even with low-cost cast aluminum rims or even on steel rims. Due to the nature of the gloss coating made of Al or Al alloy, no high demands must be placed on the alloys used as substrate. The use of light metal alloys, Al cast alloys or steel is not difficult. The selected alloys need no longer be accessible to a gloss anodization, since the Al or Al alloy layer unfolds the gloss effect.
  • the thickness of the first layer is preferably 10 to 500 ⁇ m. Particularly preferably, the thickness of cast aluminum rims or steel rims is 30 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the first layer of Al or Al alloy is often not durable enough.
  • the surface of the first layer therefore carries a second layer in the form of an electrochemically generated micro- or nano-porous oxide layer.
  • This coating is a coating comparable to the anodization of aluminum surfaces.
  • the metallic surface is passivated by the firmly adhering oxide layer and protected against further corrosive attack.
  • this layer forms a good primer for further organic coatings.
  • the thickness of the oxide layer must be limited so that the gloss of the surface is not lost.
  • This second layer preferably has a thickness in the range of 50 to 1000 nm.
  • the first or the second layer thus carries a third layer of a final lacquer layer, in particular a clearcoat or an easy-to-clean lacquer (ETC lacquer).
  • ETC lacquer easy-to-clean lacquer
  • the combination with an ETC coating achieves a visually high-quality surface with the highest corrosion protection and lasting shine at the same time.
  • An optional ETC coating for example with organosilicates, can effectively combat the problem of brake dust rim contamination.
  • the ETC coating can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic coatings. The optimal choice depends, among other things, on the choice of brake lining material in the vehicle brake.
  • the third layer is formed predominantly of silane, silazane, siloxane and / or silicone polymers.
  • the components form the main component of the coating.
  • Other components may in particular be the scratch-resistant filler, hydrophobic or hydrophobizing additives or catalytically active additives.
  • Silica powder, clay minerals, alumina nanopowders or SiO 2 nanofillers are of particular importance as fillers.
  • As catalytically active In particular, titanium oxide is important as an additive, which acts oxidatively on the superficially deposited dirt particles by the action of UV light. Particularly favorable is the combination of hydrophilizing additives and catalytically active titanium oxide.
  • a suitable third coating is further composed of siloxane with silicate fillers.
  • the third layer comprises perhyrdosilazane polymers as the main constituent and hydrophilic (co) polymers and / or additives as additives.
  • perhyrdosilazane polymers as the main constituent
  • hydrophilic (co) polymers and / or additives as additives.
  • a combination of perhyrdosilazane polymers, hydrophilic (co) polymers and catalytically active titanium oxide proves to be a particularly effective, scratch-resistant and dirt-repellent coating or easy-to-clean lacquer on the glossy layer or the bright anodised gloss layer.
  • the surface coating of 1, 2 or 3 layers is applied to a motor vehicle wheel made of an Al casting alloy with an Si content in the range from 3 to 12% by weight.
  • Another aspect of the invention is a method for producing a durable glossy coating on aluminum alloy or steel surfaces, which comprises as essential steps:
  • the vapor deposition By the vapor deposition, the formation of a homogeneous well-adhering gloss coating on a variety of Al or steel alloys is possible.
  • the subsequent electrochemical oxidation increases the corrosion resistance of the surface and improves the surface finish for a subsequent coating.
  • vapor deposition which is preferably carried out as a CVD or PVD process (chemical vapor deposition or physical vapor deposition)
  • a pure aluminum layer in a thickness of from 10 to 300 ⁇ m.
  • a cold gas process is preferably used, in particular in the deposition on light metal substrates or aluminum wheels.
  • the aluminum surfaces are brought to a temperature in the range of 280 to 350 0 C and the steel surfaces to a temperature in the range of 280 to 580 0 C for deposition.
  • the cold gas process is characterized in that the carrier gas loaded with the gaseous Al carrier substances has a lower temperature than the substrate to be coated. In particular, the carrier gas temperature is significantly below the decomposition or deposition temperature of the Al carrier substance.
  • Particularly preferred is an all-round coating of a cast aluminum rim or steel rim with an applied by a low-temperature CVD method pure aluminum layer in a layer thickness of 30 to max. 100 ⁇ m performed.
  • the implementation of the particularly suitable CVD methods is already known in principle and described for example in WO 2005 028 704 A1.
  • the second layer of alumina is preferably prepared so that the gloss layer is deposited from deposited Al or Al alloy.
  • the anodization parameters are adjusted to form nano or microstructures of columnar alumina. Due to the interspaces of adjacent columns, the layer is constructed as such nano- or microporous.
  • a clear coat or an easy-to-clean coating is applied to the first coat, but especially to the second coat.
  • the job can be done by wet or powder coating.
  • the method is particularly suitable for coating Al cast alloy wheels for passenger cars or for steel wheels for trucks or buses.

Abstract

Shiny coatings for car wheels made from light metal alloys or steel comprises at least one layer of aluminum or aluminum alloy. This is applied directly to the surface of the wheel. Independent claims are included for: (A) a method for producing shiny coatings on aluminum alloy or steel surfaces comprising:(1) gas phase deposition of aluminum or aluminum alloy to from a sealed, shiny coating; and (b) electrochemical oxidation of the coating to produce a nano- to microporous second layer of aluminum oxide with a thickness of 50 - 1000 nm; and (B) car wheels made from aluminum alloys or steel with a shiny coating as described.

Description

GLÄNZENDE BESCHICHTUNGEN FÜR ALUMINIUM- ODER STAHLKRAFTFAHRZEUGRADERN UND DEREN HERSTELLUNG SHINY COATINGS FOR ALUMINUM OR STEEL MOTORCYCLES AND THEIR MANUFACTURE
Die Erfindung betrifft beständige und schmutzabweisende Aluminiumbasis-Glanzbeschichtungen auf Kraftfahrzeugrädern,- bzw. Kraftfahrzeugfelgen und Verfahren zur Herstellung derartiger Glanzschichten auf Leichtmetall- oder Stahl- Substraten.The invention relates to durable and dirt-repellent aluminum-based gloss coatings on motor vehicle wheels, motor vehicle rims and methods for producing such gloss layers on light-metal or steel substrates.
Auf gewöhnlichen Aluminiumrädern ist üblicherweise eine Schicht aus Pulverlack, die sich auf der Felge und der Radoberfläche befindet.On ordinary aluminum wheels is usually a layer of powder coating, which is located on the rim and the wheel surface.
Der Trend bei Felgen geht neuerdings jedoch zu hochglänzenden Oberflächen die mit herkömmlichen Felgen und Lacken nicht erreicht werden können. Ein mögliches, aber teures Herstellungsverfahren ist das Verchromen der Oberflächen.The trend in rims, however, lately goes to high gloss surfaces that can not be achieved with conventional rims and paints. One possible but expensive manufacturing process is the chrome plating of the surfaces.
Im Bereich der Aluminiumräder lassen sich hochglänzende Oberflächen auch durch den Prozess des so genannten Glanzeloxierens der Aluminiumoberflächen erzielen. Ein derartiges Verfahren für Aluminiumräder ist beispielsweise von Alcoa unter der Marke Dura-Bright® bekannt.In the field of aluminum wheels, high-gloss surfaces can also be achieved through the process of so-called "gloss-anodising" of the aluminum surfaces. Such a method for aluminum wheels is known, for example, from Alcoa under the Dura-Bright® brand.
Aus der DE 699 12 966 ist ein Verfahren zurFrom DE 699 12 966 a method for
Oberflächenbehandlung von Aluminium-Raderzeugnissen bekannt. Die Hauptschritte des Verfahrens umfassen das Aufbringen einer Zusammensetzung zum chemischen Aufhellen auf das Produkt, das Desoxidieren der Produktoberfläche, das elektrochemische Erzeugen eines porösen Oxids auf dieser Produktoberfläche durch Kontaktieren mit einem Elektrolytbad, das Phosphor- oder Phosphonsäure enthält und das Aufbringen einer äußeren Schicht auf Silicat- oder Siloxan-Basis auf das poröse Oxid.Surface treatment of aluminum wheel products known. The main steps of the process include applying a chemical whitening composition to the product, deoxidizing the product surface, electrochemically generating a porous oxide on that product surface by contacting it with an electrolyte bath, containing phosphorous or phosphonic acid and applying a silicate or siloxane-based outer layer to the porous oxide.
Die elektrochemische Anodisation zur Herstellung der Oxidschicht ist allerdings stark an bestimmte Legierungszusammensetzungen gebunden. Nur wenige Legierungen bilden bei dieser Behandlung überhaupt eine hoch gleichmäßige, gut haftende und glänzendeThe electrochemical anodization for the production of the oxide layer, however, is strongly linked to certain alloy compositions. Only a few alloys form a highly uniform, well-adhering and shiny in this treatment
Oberflächenbeschichtung aus. Im Bereich der Aluminiumräder führt ein derartiges Verfahren nur bei relativ reinen Knet- Aluminiuir.-Legierungen, die für hochpreisige geschmiedete Felgen verwendet werden, zu akzeptablen Ergebnissen. Kostengünstige Aluminium-Gusslegierungen für kostengünstige Aluminiumräder, die sich gegenüber den Knetlegierungen durch vergleichsweise hohe Si-Anteile von über 1 Gew.% bis zu 12 Gew.% auszeichnen, bilden bei der elektrochemischen Anodisation beispielsweise fleckige bräunliche und matte Oberflächen aus. Die Behandlung der noch preisgünstigeren Stahlfelgen durch Glanzeloxieren scheidet grundsätzlich aus.Surface coating off. In the field of aluminum wheels, such a process leads to acceptable results only with relatively pure wrought aluminum alloys used for high cost forged rims. Cost-effective aluminum casting alloys for low-cost aluminum wheels, which are distinguished from the wrought alloys by comparatively high Si contents of more than 1% by weight up to 12% by weight, form for example spotty brownish and matte surfaces during electrochemical anodization. The treatment of the even cheaper steel wheels by gloss anodizing is basically eliminated.
Für die Herstellung eines dauerhaften Glanzes auf dem Leichtmetall- oder Stahlsubstrat, insbesondere dem Kraftfahrzeugrad, ist es erforderlich, dass die Oberfläche schmutzabweisend und möglichst kratzfest ist.For the production of a permanent gloss on the light metal or steel substrate, in particular the motor vehicle wheel, it is necessary that the surface is dirt-repellent and scratch-resistant as possible.
Schmutzabweisende Beschichtungen oder so genannte Easy-to- Clean-Beschichtungen oder -Lacke (ETC-Beschichtungen) sind zum Schutz hochwertiger Bauteile aus Glas, Kunststoff und Metallen bekannt und sollen die Verschmutzung verhindern oder die Reinigung erleichtern. Der Wirkmechanismus ist je nach Anwendungsfall unterschiedlich.Dirt-repellent coatings or so-called easy-to-clean coatings or coatings (ETC coatings) are known for the protection of high-quality components made of glass, plastic and metals and are intended to prevent contamination or facilitate cleaning. The mechanism of action varies depending on the application.
Für Glasoberflächen werden beispielsweise Wasser abweisende Beschichtungen angewendet. Sauberes Glas ist relativ hydrophil und bildet gegen Wasser einen Kontaktwinkel um 20°. Eine hydrophobe ETC-Beschichtung erhöht dagegen den Kontaktwinkel auf weit über 100° gegenüber Wasser. Diese ETC- Beschichtung bietet eine deutlich herabgesetzte Benetzbarkeit, so dass wässrige Verschmutzungen abperlen oder sich leicht abwaschen lassen.For glass surfaces, for example, water-repellent coatings are used. Clean glass is relatively hydrophilic and forms a contact angle of 20 ° to water. In contrast, a hydrophobic ETC coating increases the Contact angle to well over 100 ° with respect to water. This ETC coating offers a significantly reduced wettability, so that waterborne soiling can bead off or be easily washed off.
Aus der WO2005 085 374 Al sind besonders kratzfeste Beschichtungen für Leichtmetallfelgen bekannt, die auf der Basis von Perhydrosilazanen bestehen. Kratzfeste und zugleich schmutzabweisende Schichten sind beispielsweise aus der WO 02088269 Al oder der DE 10 2004 001 288 Al bekannt. Letzteres Dokument beschreibt hydrophile Beschichtungen für Oberflächen, enthaltend ein oder mehrere Polysilazane und ein ionisches Reagens oder Mischungen von ionischen Reagenzien. Das Polysilazan ist insbesondere ein Polysilazan der Formel (SiR'R"-NR' • 1Jn , wobei R1, R", R1" gleich oder unterschiedlich sein können und es sich entweder um Wasserstoff oder organische oder metallorganische Reste handelt. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Polysilazan ein Perhydropolysilazan (R'=R? '=R' ' *=H) . Das ionische Reagens ist vorzugsweise ein Salz einer Carbonsäure, insbesondere einer Hydroxycarbonsäure, oder ein kationisches oder anionisches Silan oder ein Oligomer oder Polymer. Hierdurch werden hydrophile Beschichtungen gebildet. Die Wirkung der hydrophilen Schichten beruht darauf, dass hydrophobe Verschmutzungen schlecht haften, beziehungsweise dass sich mit wässrigen Reinigungsmitteln die Oberfläche gut abwaschen lässt.WO2005 085 374 A1 discloses particularly scratch-resistant coatings for light-alloy rims which are based on perhydrosilazanes. Scratch-resistant and dirt-repellent layers are known, for example, from WO 02088269 A1 or DE 10 2004 001 288 A1. The latter document describes hydrophilic coatings for surfaces containing one or more polysilazanes and an ionic reagent or mixtures of ionic reagents. The polysilazane is in particular a polysilazane of the formula (SiR'R "-NR ' • 1 In , where R 1 , R", R 1 "may be identical or different and are either hydrogen or organic or organometallic radicals preferred embodiment, the polysilazane has a perhydropolysilazane (R '= R?' = R '' * = H). the ionic reagent is preferably a salt of a carboxylic acid, especially a hydroxy carboxylic acid, or a cationic or anionic silane, or an oligomer or polymer. this The effect of the hydrophilic layers is based on the fact that hydrophobic contaminants adhere poorly or that the surface can be washed off well with aqueous cleaning agents.
Es in Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung beständiger Glanzbeschichtungen auf Aluminium- oder Stahloberflächen, welche einer Glanzanodisation nicht zugänglich sind, aufzuzeigen sowie Glanzbeschichtungen guter Beständigkeit oder schmutzabweisender Eigenschaften auf Leichtmetall- oder Stahlrädern bereit zu stellen. Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird in einem ersten Aspekt gelöst, durch eine Oberflächenbeschichtung auf Kraftfahrzeugrädern aus Leichtmetall-Gusslegierungen oder Stahl, welche mehrere Schichten umfassen kann, wobei sie zumindest eine unmittelbar auf die Radoberfläche aufgebrachte erste Schicht einer CVD- Beschichtung aus Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierung aufweist, mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1.It is an object of the invention to provide a process for the production of durable gloss coatings on aluminum or steel surfaces, which are not amenable to gloss anodization, and to provide gloss coatings of good resistance or dirt-repellent properties on light metal or steel wheels. The object of the invention is achieved in a first aspect, by a surface coating on motor vehicle wheels of light metal casting alloys or steel, which may comprise several layers, wherein it has at least one directly applied to the wheel surface first layer of a CVD coating of aluminum or aluminum alloy, with the features of claim 1.
In einem weiteren Aspekt wird die Erfindung gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer beständigen Glanzbeschichtung auf Aluminium- oder Stahloberflächen umfassend die SchritteIn a further aspect, the invention is achieved by a process for producing a durable glossy coating on aluminum or steel surfaces comprising the steps
- Gasphasenabscheidung von Aluminium oder AI-Legierung zur Bildung einer dichten ersten Schicht- Vapor deposition of aluminum or Al alloy to form a dense first layer
- elektrochemische Oxidation der Oberfläche der ersten Schicht und Bildung einer nano- bis mikroporösen zweiten Schicht aus Aluminiumoxid in einer Dicke im Bereich von 50 bis 1000 nm, mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 11.- Electrochemical oxidation of the surface of the first layer and formation of a nano- to microporous second layer of alumina in a thickness in the range of 50 to 1000 nm, having the features of claim 11.
Für die Erfindung ist es wesentlich, dass die Oberfläche des Substrats beziehungsweise der Aluminiumlegierung- oder Stahloberflächen selbst keinen Glanz aufweisen müssen. Vielmehr wird auf diese Oberflächen zunächst eine dünne metallische Schicht aufgetragen, welche die glänzenden Eigenschaften aufweist. Dabei handelt es sich erfindungsgemäß um eine unmittelbar auf die Radoberfläche aufgebrachte erste Schicht aus Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierung. Verfahrensgemäß ist vorgesehen, die erste Schicht aus glänzendem Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierung über die Gasphase abzuscheidenden. Die erste Schicht ist insbesondere eine CVD- oder PVD-Beschichtung aus Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierung .For the invention, it is essential that the surface of the substrate or the aluminum alloy or steel surfaces themselves need not have gloss. Rather, a thin metallic layer which has the shiny properties is first applied to these surfaces. According to the invention, this is a first layer of aluminum or aluminum alloy applied directly to the wheel surface. According to the invention, the first layer of shiny aluminum or aluminum alloy to be deposited via the gas phase. The first layer is in particular a CVD or PVD coating of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
Ein Vorteil der Erfindung ist es, dass die optische Anmutung von teuren geschmiedeten Aluminiumfelgen somit auch bei preiswerten gegossenen Aluminiumfelgen oder selbst auf Stahlfelgen kostengünstig möglich wird. Durch die Art der Glanzbeschichtung aus Al- oder AI-Legierung müssen an die als Substrat verwendeten Legierungen auch keine hohen Anforderungen mehr gestellt werden. Die Verwendung von Leichtmetalllegierungen, Al-Gusslegierungen oder Stahl bereitet keine Schwierigkeiten. Die gewählten Legierungen müssen einer Glanzanodisierung nicht mehr zugänglich sein, da die Al- oder Al-Legierungsschicht die Glanzwirkung entfaltet.An advantage of the invention is that the visual appearance of expensive forged aluminum rims is thus possible cost-effectively even with low-cost cast aluminum rims or even on steel rims. Due to the nature of the gloss coating made of Al or Al alloy, no high demands must be placed on the alloys used as substrate. The use of light metal alloys, Al cast alloys or steel is not difficult. The selected alloys need no longer be accessible to a gloss anodization, since the Al or Al alloy layer unfolds the gloss effect.
Die Dicke der ersten Schicht beträgt bevorzugt 10 bis 500 μm. Besonders bevorzugt liegt die Dicke auf gegossenen Aluminiumfelgen oder Stahlfelgen bei 30 bis 100 μm.The thickness of the first layer is preferably 10 to 500 μm. Particularly preferably, the thickness of cast aluminum rims or steel rims is 30 to 100 μm.
Hinsichtlich der Wahl der AI-Legierung hat sich gezeigt, dass Reinaluminium auf Grund seiner Duktilität und seiner Passivität den meisten anderen Korrosionsschutzschichten überlegen ist und daher besonders bevorzugt Anwendung findet.With regard to the choice of the Al alloy, it has been found that pure aluminum, because of its ductility and its passivity, is superior to most other anticorrosion layers and is therefore used with particular preference.
Für den Anwendungsfall von Kraftfahrzeugrädern, die starken Verschmutzungen, abrasiven Reinigungsvorgängen und korrosiven Medien ausgesetzt sind, ist die erste Schicht aus Al- oder AI-Legierung häufig nicht beständig genug. In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung trägt die Oberfläche der ersten Schicht daher eine zweite Schicht in Form einer elektrochemisch erzeugten mikro- oder nano-porösen Oxidschicht. Bei dieser Schicht handelt es sich um eine der Glanzanodisation von Aluminiumoberflächen vergleichbare Beschichtung. Die metallische Oberfläche wird durch die fest anhaftende Oxidschicht passiviert und gegen weiteren korrosiven Angriff geschützt. Durch geeignete Wahl der Verfahrensparameter bei der Glanzanodisation bzw. der elektrochemischen Erzeugung der nano- oder mikroporösen Oxidschicht kann eine Oberflächenstruktur erzeugt werden, die einen Lotus-Effekt, beziehungsweise einen schmutzabweisenden Effekt besitzt.For the application of automotive wheels exposed to heavy soiling, abrasive cleaning and corrosive media, the first layer of Al or Al alloy is often not durable enough. In a further embodiment of the invention, the surface of the first layer therefore carries a second layer in the form of an electrochemically generated micro- or nano-porous oxide layer. This coating is a coating comparable to the anodization of aluminum surfaces. The metallic surface is passivated by the firmly adhering oxide layer and protected against further corrosive attack. By suitable choice of the process parameters in the case of gloss anodization or electrochemical generation of the nano- or microporous oxide layer, it is possible to produce a surface structure which has a lotus effect or a dirt-repellent effect.
Darüber hinaus bildet diese Schicht einen guten Haftgrund für weitere organische Beschichtungen. Die Dicke der Oxidschicht ist so weit zu beschränken, dass der Glanz der Oberfläche nicht verloren geht. Diese zweite Schicht hat bevorzugt eine Dicke im Bereich von 50 bis 1000 nm.In addition, this layer forms a good primer for further organic coatings. The thickness of the oxide layer must be limited so that the gloss of the surface is not lost. This second layer preferably has a thickness in the range of 50 to 1000 nm.
Besonders zweckmäßig ist der Schutz des beschichteten Rads bzw. der Felge mit einer abschließenden Lackschicht. In zweckmäßiger weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung trägt die erste oder die zweite Schicht somit eine dritte Schicht aus einer abschließenden Lackschicht, insbesondere einem Klarlack oder einem easy-to-clean-Lack (ETC-Lack) .Particularly useful is the protection of the coated wheel or rim with a final coat of paint. In an expedient further embodiment of the invention, the first or the second layer thus carries a third layer of a final lacquer layer, in particular a clearcoat or an easy-to-clean lacquer (ETC lacquer).
Durch die Kombination mit einer ETC-Beschichtung wird eine optisch hochwertige Oberfläche bei gleichzeitig höchstem Korrosionsschutz und dauerhaftem Glanz erreicht.The combination with an ETC coating achieves a visually high-quality surface with the highest corrosion protection and lasting shine at the same time.
Durch eine optionale ETC-Beschichtung beispielsweise mit Organosilikaten kann das Problem der Felgenverschmutzung durch Bremsstaub wirksam bekämpft werden.An optional ETC coating, for example with organosilicates, can effectively combat the problem of brake dust rim contamination.
Bei der ETC-Beschichtung kann es sich um hydrophile oder hydrophobe Beschichtungen handeln. Die optimale Wahl ist unter anderem von der Wahl des Bremsbelagsmaterials in der Fahrzeugbremse abhängig.The ETC coating can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic coatings. The optimal choice depends, among other things, on the choice of brake lining material in the vehicle brake.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die dritte Schicht überwiegend aus Silan-, Silazan-, Siloxan- und/oder Silikonpolymeren gebildet.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the third layer is formed predominantly of silane, silazane, siloxane and / or silicone polymers.
Die Komponenten bilden hierbei den Hauptbestandteil der Beschichtung. Weitere Komponenten können insbesondere die Kratzfestigkeit erhöhende Füller, hydrophobe beziehungsweise hydrophobisierende Zusatzstoffe oder katalytisch aktive Zusatzstoffe sein. Als Füller sind insbesondere Silikatpulver, Tonmineralien, Aluminiumoxid-Nanopulver oder Siθ2-Nanofüller von Bedeutung. Als katalytisch aktiver Zusatzstoff ist insbesondere Titanoxid von Bedeutung, welches durch UV-Lichteinwirkung oxidierend auf die oberflächlich abgelagerten Schmutzpartikel wirkt. Besonders günstig ist die Kombination aus hydrophilisierenden Zusatzstoffen und katalytisch aktivem Titanoxid.The components form the main component of the coating. Other components may in particular be the scratch-resistant filler, hydrophobic or hydrophobizing additives or catalytically active additives. Silica powder, clay minerals, alumina nanopowders or SiO 2 nanofillers are of particular importance as fillers. As catalytically active In particular, titanium oxide is important as an additive, which acts oxidatively on the superficially deposited dirt particles by the action of UV light. Particularly favorable is the combination of hydrophilizing additives and catalytically active titanium oxide.
Eine gute geeignete dritte Beschichtung ist des Weiteren aus Siloxan mit Silikat-Füllern aufgebaut.A suitable third coating is further composed of siloxane with silicate fillers.
Die dritte Schicht weist in weiterer Ausgestaltung als Hauptbestandteil Perhyrdosilazan-Polymere und als Zusatzstoffe hydrophile (Co) Polymere und/oder Zusatzstoffe auf. Eine Kombination aus Perhyrdosilazan-Polymere, hydrophilen (Co) Polymeren und katalytisch aktivem Titanoxid erweist sich auf der Glanzschicht, bzw. der glanzanodisierten Glanzschicht als besonders wirksame kratzfeste und schmutzabweisende Beschichtung oder easy-to-clean-Lack.In a further embodiment, the third layer comprises perhyrdosilazane polymers as the main constituent and hydrophilic (co) polymers and / or additives as additives. A combination of perhyrdosilazane polymers, hydrophilic (co) polymers and catalytically active titanium oxide proves to be a particularly effective, scratch-resistant and dirt-repellent coating or easy-to-clean lacquer on the glossy layer or the bright anodised gloss layer.
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung wird die Oberflächenbeschichtung aus 1, 2 oder 3 Schichten auf ein Kraftfahrzeugrad aus einer Al-Gusslegierung mit einem Si-Anteil im Bereich von 3 bis 12 Gew.% aufgetragen.In a preferred embodiment, the surface coating of 1, 2 or 3 layers is applied to a motor vehicle wheel made of an Al casting alloy with an Si content in the range from 3 to 12% by weight.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer beständigen Glanzbeschichtung auf Aluminiumlegierungs- oder Stahloberflächen, welches als wesentliche Schritte aufweist:Another aspect of the invention is a method for producing a durable glossy coating on aluminum alloy or steel surfaces, which comprises as essential steps:
- Die Gasphasenabscheidung von Aluminium oder AI-Legierung zur Bildung einer ersten dichten und glänzenden Schicht.- The vapor deposition of aluminum or Al alloy to form a first dense and shiny layer.
- Die elektrochemische Oxidation der Oberfläche der ersten Schicht und Bildung einer nano- bis mikroporösen zweiten Schicht aus Aluminiumoxid in einer Dicke im Bereich von 50 bis 1000 nm.- The electrochemical oxidation of the surface of the first layer and formation of a nano- to microporous second layer of alumina in a thickness in the range of 50 to 1000 nm.
Durch die Gasphasenabscheidung wird die Ausbildung einer homogenen gut haftenden Glanzbeschichtung auf unterschiedlichsten Al- oder Stahllegierungen möglich. Die nachfolgende elektrochemische Oxidation erhöht die Korrosionsfestigkeit der Oberfläche und verbessert die Oberflächenbeschaffenheit für eine nachfolgende Beschichtung.By the vapor deposition, the formation of a homogeneous well-adhering gloss coating on a variety of Al or steel alloys is possible. The subsequent electrochemical oxidation increases the corrosion resistance of the surface and improves the surface finish for a subsequent coating.
Für die Erzeugung der Glanzbeschichtungen ist es von besonderer Bedeutung, dass gleichmäßige und fehlerfreie sowie chemisch reine Oberflächenbeschichtungen hoher Glätte erzeugt werden. CVD- und PVD-Verfahren sind hierfür besonders geeignet.For the production of the gloss coatings, it is of particular importance that uniform and error-free as well as chemically pure surface coatings of high smoothness are produced. CVD and PVD methods are particularly suitable for this.
Bevorzugt wird im Rahmen der Gasphasenabscheidung, die bevorzugt als CVD- oder PVD-Verfahren (Chemical vapor deposition oder physical vapor deposition) durchgeführt wird, eine Reinaluminiumschicht in einer Dicke von 10 bis 300 μm aufgebracht.In the context of the vapor deposition, which is preferably carried out as a CVD or PVD process (chemical vapor deposition or physical vapor deposition), preference is given to applying a pure aluminum layer in a thickness of from 10 to 300 μm.
Als CVD-Prozess wird bevorzugt ein Kaltgasprozess angewendet, insbesondere bei der Abscheidung auf Leichtmetallsubstrate oder Aluminiumräder. Dabei werden die Aluminiumoberflächen zur Abscheidung auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 280 bis 3500C und die Stahloberflächen auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 280 bis 5800C gebracht. Der Kaltgasprozess zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass das mit den gasförmigen Al-Trägersubstanzen beladene Trägergas eine geringere Temperatur als das zu beschichtende Substrat aufweist. Insbesondere liegt die Trägergastemperatur deutlich unterhalb der Zersetzungs- oder Abscheidetemperatur der Al-Trägersubstanz .As a CVD process, a cold gas process is preferably used, in particular in the deposition on light metal substrates or aluminum wheels. The aluminum surfaces are brought to a temperature in the range of 280 to 350 0 C and the steel surfaces to a temperature in the range of 280 to 580 0 C for deposition. The cold gas process is characterized in that the carrier gas loaded with the gaseous Al carrier substances has a lower temperature than the substrate to be coated. In particular, the carrier gas temperature is significantly below the decomposition or deposition temperature of the Al carrier substance.
Besonders bevorzugt wird eine allseitige Beschichtung einer gegossenen Aluminiumfelge oder Stahlfelge mit einer durch ein Niedertemperatur-CVD-Verfahren aufgebrachten Reinaluminiumschicht in einer Schichtdicke von 30 bis max. 100 μm durchgeführt. Die Durchführung der besonders geeigneten CVD-Verfahren ist im Prinzip bereits bekannt und beispielsweise in der WO 2005 028 704 Al beschrieben.Particularly preferred is an all-round coating of a cast aluminum rim or steel rim with an applied by a low-temperature CVD method pure aluminum layer in a layer thickness of 30 to max. 100 μm performed. The implementation of the particularly suitable CVD methods is already known in principle and described for example in WO 2005 028 704 A1.
Die zweite Schicht aus Aluminiumoxid wird bevorzugt so hergestellt, dass die Glanzschicht aus abgeschiedenem Al- oder AI-Legierung anodisiert wird.The second layer of alumina is preferably prepared so that the gloss layer is deposited from deposited Al or Al alloy.
Bevorzugt werden die Parameter der Anodisierung so eingestellt, dass sich Nano- oder Mikrostrukturen aus säulenförmigem Aluminiumoxid bilden. Aufgrund der Zwischenräume benachbarter Säulen ist die Schicht als solche nano- bzw. mikroporös aufgebaut.Preferably, the anodization parameters are adjusted to form nano or microstructures of columnar alumina. Due to the interspaces of adjacent columns, the layer is constructed as such nano- or microporous.
In bevorzugter weiterer Ausgestaltung wird auf die erste, insbesondere aber auf die zweite Schicht ein Klarlack oder eine easy-to-clean-Beschichtung aufgetragen.In a further preferred embodiment, a clear coat or an easy-to-clean coating is applied to the first coat, but especially to the second coat.
Der Auftrag kann im Nassverfahren oder auch als Pulverbeschichtung erfolgen.The job can be done by wet or powder coating.
Das Verfahren eignet sich insbesondere zur Beschichtung von Al-Gusslegierungsräder für Personenkraftwagen oder für Stahlräder für Lastkraftwagen oder Busse. The method is particularly suitable for coating Al cast alloy wheels for passenger cars or for steel wheels for trucks or buses.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Oberflächenbeschichtung mit glänzender Anmutung auf Kraftfahrzeugrädern aus Leichtmetall-Gusslegierungen oder Stahl, welche mehrere Schichten umfassen kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zumindest eine unmittelbar auf die Radoberfläche aufgebrachte erste Schicht aus Aluminium oder1. Surface coating with glossy appearance on motor vehicle wheels of light metal casting alloys or steel, which may comprise several layers, characterized in that it comprises at least one directly applied to the wheel surface first layer of aluminum or
Aluminiumlegierung aufweist, welche metallischen Glanz aufweist.Having aluminum alloy, which has metallic luster.
2. Oberflächenbeschichtung nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schicht aus Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierung eine CVD- oder PVD-Beschichtung ist.2. Surface coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer of aluminum or aluminum alloy is a CVD or PVD coating.
3. Oberflächenbeschichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oberfläche der ersten Schicht eine zweite Schicht in Form einer elektrochemisch erzeugten mikro- oder nano- porösen Oxidschicht trägt.3. Surface coating according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the surface of the first layer carries a second layer in the form of an electrochemically generated micro- or nano- porous oxide layer.
4. Oberflächenbeschichtung nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste oder zweite Schicht eine dritte Schicht aus einem Klarlack oder einem easy-to-clean-Lack trägt.4. Surface coating according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the first or second layer carries a third layer of a clearcoat or an easy-to-clean lacquer.
5. Oberflächenbeschichtung nach Anspruch 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Schicht eine Dicke im Bereich von 50 bis 1000 ran aufweist.5. Surface coating according to claim 2, characterized in that the second layer has a thickness in the range of 50 to 1000 ran.
6. Oberflächenbeschichtung nach einem der voran gegangenen Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dritte Schicht überwiegend aus Silan-, Silazan- und/oder Silkonpolymeren besteht.6. Surface coating according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the third layer consists predominantly of silane, silazane and / or silicone polymers.
7. Oberflächenbeschichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dritte Schicht hydrophobe Zusatzstoffe enthält.7. Surface coating according to claim 6, characterized in that the third layer contains hydrophobic additives.
8. Oberflächenbeschichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dritte Schicht Perhyrdosilazan-Polymere, hydrophile Copolymere und/oder Zusatzstoffe sowie Titanoxid umfasst.8. Surface coating according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the third layer comprises perhyrdosilazane polymers, hydrophilic copolymers and / or additives and titanium oxide.
9. Oberflächenbeschichtung nach einem der voran gegangenen Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kraftfahrzeugrad aus eine Al-Gusslegierung mit einem9. Surface coating according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor vehicle wheel of an Al casting alloy with a
Si-Anteil im Bereich von 3 bis 12 Gew.% besteht.Si content in the range of 3 to 12 wt.%.
10. Oberflächenbeschichtung nach einem der voran gegangenen Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kraftfahrzeugrad aus Stahl besteht.10. Surface coating according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor vehicle wheel is made of steel.
11. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer beständigen11. Method for producing a stable
Glanzbeschichtung auf Aluminiumlegierungs- oder Stahloberflächen umfassend die Schritte - Gasphasenabscheidung von Aluminium oder AI-Legierung zur Bildung einer ersten dichten und glänzenden Schicht - elektrochemische Oxidation der Oberfläche der ersten Schicht und Bildung einer nano- bis mikroporösen zweiten Schicht aus Aluminiumoxid in einer Dicke im Bereich von 50 bis 1000 nm.Gloss coating on aluminum alloy or steel surfaces comprising the steps of vapor deposition of aluminum or Al alloy to form a first dense and glossy layer - Electrochemical oxidation of the surface of the first layer and formation of a nano- to microporous second layer of alumina in a thickness in the range of 50 to 1000 nm.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gasphasenabscheidung durch ein CVD- oder PVD- Verfahren erfolgt.12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the vapor deposition takes place by a CVD or PVD method.
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als CVD-Prozess ein Kaltgasprozess angewendet wird, bei dem die Aluminiumoberflächen eine Temperatur im Bereich von 280 bis 35O0C und die Stahloberflächen eine Temperatur im Bereich von 280 bis 5800C aufweisen.13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that a cold gas process is used as the CVD process, wherein the aluminum surfaces have a temperature in the range of 280 to 35O 0 C and the steel surfaces have a temperature in the range of 280 to 580 0 C.
14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrochemische Oxidation durch Anodisieren erfolgt.14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the electrochemical oxidation is carried out by anodization.
15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf die erste oder zweite Schicht ein Klarlack oder eine easy-to-clean-Beschichtung aufgetragen wird.15. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that a clear coat or an easy-to-clean coating is applied to the first or second layer.
16. Kraftfahrzeugrad aus einer Aluminiumlegierung oder aus Stahl, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Glanzbeschichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 trägt, oder mit einem Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 15 beschichtet ist. 16. A motor vehicle wheel made of an aluminum alloy or steel, characterized in that it carries a gloss coating according to any one of claims 1 to 10, or is coated with a method according to any one of claims 11 to 15.
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