EP2112326B1 - Turbomachine casing comprising a device preventing instability in the event of contact between the casing and the rotor - Google Patents

Turbomachine casing comprising a device preventing instability in the event of contact between the casing and the rotor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2112326B1
EP2112326B1 EP09158469.8A EP09158469A EP2112326B1 EP 2112326 B1 EP2112326 B1 EP 2112326B1 EP 09158469 A EP09158469 A EP 09158469A EP 2112326 B1 EP2112326 B1 EP 2112326B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
rotor
casing
type
stator assembly
Prior art date
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EP09158469.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2112326A1 (en
Inventor
Mathieu Caucheteux
François Garcin
Jean-Pierre Lombard
Nicolas Triconnet
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
    • F01D11/122—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part with erodable or abradable material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/04—Antivibration arrangements
    • F01D25/06—Antivibration arrangements for preventing blade vibration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/10—Stators
    • F05D2240/11—Shroud seal segments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
    • F05D2300/501—Elasticity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of rotor / stator assemblies of turbomachines and in particular the rotor / stator assemblies having a weak clearance between them, which is found in particular in compressors, turbines and turbomachine blowers, in particular for combustion engines. aircraft.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown such a housing 10 coated with a layer of abradable material 12 on its inner face with a bladed wheel 20 mounted in the housing defined by the housing 10.
  • the phenomenon can affect a single blade, a set of blades or the entire wheel, namely all the blades, the latter case rarely occurring simply because of the blade length dispersions, due to manufacture.
  • leading edge and / or the trailing edge are trimmed so that the contacts do not take place at these locations but in the areas where the blade is more robust. : it comes at the expense of performance.
  • the present invention aims to provide a solution to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular offering the possibility of eliminating any vibration risk of the rotor / stator assembly.
  • the present invention relates to a rotor / stator assembly according to claim 1 comprising a housing, this housing forming the stator, said rotor / stator assembly further comprising a bladed wheel forming the rotor.
  • the casing comprises a device preventing instability during a contact between the housing and the bladed wheel, said device comprising a succession of elements arranged along the circumference of the casing and having, between two adjacent elements, a different rigidity, the numbers of elements of the same rigidity being different from a multiple of the wave number of the vibratory mode to inhibit the bladed wheel which is intended for it.
  • Such an anti-instability device is disposed at least on the section intended to receive the bladed wheel, that is to say at the location of the circular track of the housing opposite this bladed wheel.
  • This anti-instability device can also be arranged over the entire length of the casing or only on the section intended to receive the bladed wheel.
  • This solution also has the additional advantage of eliminating the risk of coupling phenomena by a simple adaptation of the stator part without affecting the surrounding parts, particularly on the rotor, the inter-blade channel or the aerodynamic vein which are not modified, so that this solution can be implemented on existing hardware.
  • said anti-instability device comprises elements of a first type having a first stiffness and elements of a second type having a second stiffness different from the first stiffness.
  • both the number of elements of the first type and the number of elements of the second type is different from a multiple of the wave number of the vibratory mode to be inhibited of the bladed wheel which will be opposite the casing, or the section of casing concerned.
  • the elements of the first type have a first angular sector dimension and the elements of the second type have a second angular sector dimension.
  • first angular sector dimension and the second angular sector dimension are identical, so that the elements of the first type and the elements of the second type have the same dimension. same angular extent.
  • the present invention also applies to the case where said anti-instability device further comprises elements of the first type and elements of the second type, other elements having another rigidity, so that the anti-instability device comprises the along the circumference of the housing more than two different rigidities.
  • said bladed wheel is a blisk (DAM) or a monoblock bladed ring (ANAM).
  • the present invention also relates to an axial compressor, low pressure, intermediate pressure or high pressure, comprising, as a stator, a housing such as that presented above which comprises a device preventing instability during contact between the housing and the bladed wheel, and a turbomachine comprising such an axial compressor.
  • the present invention also relates to a centrifugal compressor comprising, as a stator, a housing such as that presented above which comprises a device preventing instability during a contact between the housing and the bladed wheel, as well as on a turbomachine comprising a such a centrifugal compressor.
  • the present invention furthermore relates to a fan comprising, as a stator, a casing such as that presented above which comprises a device preventing instability during a contact between the casing and the bladed wheel, as well as on a turbomachine comprising such a device. blower.
  • the present invention also relates to a turbine, high pressure, low pressure or intermediate pressure, comprising, as a stator, a housing such as that presented above which comprises a device preventing instability during a contact between the housing and the bladed wheel, and a turbomachine comprising such a turbine.
  • the present invention relates to a method according to claim 15 for preventing the occurrence of instability during a contact in a turbomachine stator / rotor assembly, consisting of inhibiting at least one vibratory mode of a bladed wheel.
  • the rotor belonging to the rotor, characterized in that it consists in arranging the casing, at least on the section opposite the bladed wheel, so that it presents, along its circumference, angular sectors of rigidity different, the numbers of angular sectors of the same rigidity being different from a multiple of the wave number of the vibratory mode of the bladed wheel to be inhibited.
  • wave number or nodal diameter or phase shift index of a vibratory mode in the case of a circular system with cyclic symmetry, the number of vertices (or bellies) or valleys respectively the maximums of positive or negative amplitude in a radial direction of the wave in question.
  • the number of nodes, namely position with a 0 / null amplitude of the wave is twice this wave number.
  • a wave with a wave number of three, corresponding to three nodal diameters is a six-node wave.
  • a W wave is represented in a cylindrical spatial coordinate system (azimuth representation) and it has four nodal diameters D1 to D4, illustrated in relation to the eight vibration nodes located between the four valleys and the four bellows of the W wave.
  • This wave W has a wave number equal to four.
  • the wave W breaks down into four identical successive sinusoidal profiles: on the figure 3 , the four spatial periods W1 to W4 have been delimited by the diameters D1 and D3.
  • a housing according to the invention has been chosen provided with an anti-instability device consisting of fourteen angular sectors of two types having two different rigidities and corresponding to a succession of fourteen. elements of the same angular dimension, two neighboring elements having a different rigidity.
  • seven (the numbers of elements or angular sectors of the same rigidity of the anti-instability device) is not a multiple of four (wave number W wave).
  • the invention consists in arranging an anti-instability device 120 on the inner face of the casing 110, said anti-instability device comprising, by angular sector, elements of the first type 122 and elements of the second type 124 which consist respectively of layers of abradable materials A and B of different Young's modulus.
  • elements of the first type 122 and elements of the second type 124 which have the same thickness and which cover the whole internal face of the casing, namely its entire circumference and even possibly beyond in the longitudinal direction, that the section concerned by the bladed wheel 20 referred.
  • this sectorized abradable layer 120 comprising fourteen sectors, of which seven sectors formed elements of the first type 122 of a material A and seven sectors formed elements of the second type 124 of a material B, materials A are used. and B for which the proportion of the materials used in their composition is varied in order to obtain a difference in Young's modulus, namely of rigidity.
  • Two materials A and B of different nature can also be used to form the elements of the first type 122 into a first material A and the elements of the second type 124 into a second material B.
  • the first material A is a material of the "Metco" (registered trademark) type, namely derived from a very fine powder composed of a polymer (such as polyethylene terephthalate-PET for example) whose grains are covered with alumina powder and silica, and a binder.
  • This type of powder is generally projected by plasma, the spray vaporizing the PET, which leads to a porous deposit having a certain resistance to temperature.
  • the second material B is a "RTV” type material (registered trademark), namely a silicone rubber compound resistant to temperature variations as resulting from a polymerization of the compound under pressure to increase the density.
  • the second material B is a "silastic” (registered trademark), namely a silicone elastomer.
  • nickel-molybdenum chromium-based alloy in particular of the Hastelloy (registered trademark) type, which is deposited by plasma spraying or else by laser projection (the powder is projected into the local melt generated by the beam laser).
  • the wave W is a wave corresponding to one of the eigen modes of the bladed wheel 20, and therefore it is desired to inhibit it.
  • the wave W is associated with the casing 110 according to the figure 2 we end up with each spatial period of the wave which is associated with a corresponding angular zone of the casing of different rigidity, because of the sectorized abradable layer 120.
  • the first spatial period W1 of the wave W is associated with the first quarter of the circumference of the casing 110 (on the right on the figure 3 ) having two elements of the first type 122 (material A) and an element of the second type 124 (material B) succeeding one another in the order ABA (clockwise).
  • the second spatial period W2 of the wave W is associated with the second quarter of the circumference of the casing 110 (top on the figure 3 ) having two elements of the first type 122 (material A) and two elements of the second type 124 (material B) succeeding one another in the order ABA B.
  • each spatial period W1 to W4 of the wave W is associated with a stiffness different from the corresponding angular portion on the casing 110. It follows that each space period W1 to W4 of the wave W will have a difference propagation speed, so that the wave W can not be installed in the housing 110 or in the bladed wheel 20 during phenomena of making contact rotor / stator.
  • a sectored abradable layer 220 is used for which said elements of the first type 222 and elements of the second type 224 are layers of abradable material of different thicknesses, arranged by angular sector on the internal face of the housing 210. More precisely , elements of the first type 222 and elements of the second type 224 which are made of the same material and therefore have the same Young's modulus and which are arranged on the entire internal face of the casing 210, have been chosen.
  • crankcase 210 whose inner face is crenellated.
  • the section of the casing 210 intended to form the track of the bladed wheel 20, which has a crenellated inner face through longitudinal grooves 214 regularly spaced apart.
  • an inter-groove distance equal to the angular sector of each longitudinal groove 214 has been chosen.
  • a longitudinal rib 212 having the same angular extent.
  • the internal face of the casing 210 is machined so as to form the alternation of longitudinal ribs 212 and longitudinal grooves 214, and then the abradable layer 220 is deposited.
  • the difference in thickness between the elements of the first type 222 and the elements of the second type 224 is equal to the depth of the longitudinal grooves 214.
  • a third embodiment of the invention shown on the Figures 5 and 6 it is the external face of the casing 310 which is equipped with an anti-instability device 320 in that the said elements of the second type are ribs 314 arranged by angular sector projecting from the external face of the casing 310, to form ears serving as stiffeners on this outer face of the casing which is thus crenellated in front view (see figure 6 ).
  • housing 310 For the manufacture of the housing 310, there are in fact provided three housing sections 310a, 310b and 310c and two disks 311a and 311b which are each arranged between two adjacent housing sections.
  • Each disc 311a and 311b has an internal opening of diameter equal to the internal diameter of the housing sections 310a, 310b and 310c and an outer contour between two concentric circles delimiting respectively the outer contour of the angular sectors 312 without ribs and angular sectors 314 with ribs.
  • the mounting of the stack between the three housing sections 310a, 310b and 310c and the two discs 311a and 311b is performed so that the ribs 314 of the two discs are aligned on the same angular sectors.
  • the ribs 314 extend radially sufficiently to create the desired difference in stiffness between the angular sectors 312 without ribs and the angular sectors 314 with ribs.
  • the longitudinal extent (in the direction of the axis of the housing 310) of the ribs 314 because of the embodiment with the two discs 311a and 311b, it is limited to the thickness of the discs 311a and 311b .
  • the inner face of the casing is coated with a layer of continuous material 322 continuous abradable material made of a single material, identical to the layer 12 of the housing 10 of the prior art presented on the figure 1 .
  • the third embodiment unlike the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above, it is not the layer of abradable material 322 that integrates the anti-instability device but that it is the crankcase. 310 which has angular sectors of different rigidity.

Description

L'invention concerne le domaine des ensembles rotor/stator de turbomachines et en particulier les ensembles rotor/stator présentant un jeu faible entre eux, que l'on rencontre notamment dans les compresseurs, turbines et soufflantes de turbomachines, en particulier pour les moteurs d'avions.The invention relates to the field of rotor / stator assemblies of turbomachines and in particular the rotor / stator assemblies having a weak clearance between them, which is found in particular in compressors, turbines and turbomachine blowers, in particular for combustion engines. aircraft.

En effet, pour augmenter le rendement des moteurs d'avions, on a diminué le jeu entre les parties tournantes formées des roues aubagées (ou étages rotoriques) et les parties fixes les entourant qui sont constitués de carters supportant par ailleurs des séries d'aubes fixes (ou étages statoriques).In fact, to increase the efficiency of the aircraft engines, the clearance between the rotating parts formed of the bladed wheels (or rotor stages) and the fixed parts surrounding them, which consist of crankcases also supporting a series of blades, has been reduced. fixed (or statoric stages).

Cependant, cette diminution du jeu entraîne des risques accrus de contact entre les aubes mobiles de la roue aubagée et le tronçon du carter en vis-à-vis, avec dans certains cas des contacts rendant le système instable.However, this reduction in clearance entails increased risks of contact between the blades of the bladed wheel and the section of the casing vis-à-vis, with in some cases contacts making the system unstable.

Sur la figure 1, on a représenté un tel un carter 10 revêtu d'une couche de matériau abradable 12 sur sa face interne avec une roue aubagée 20 montée dans le logement délimité par le carter 10.On the figure 1 , there is shown such a housing 10 coated with a layer of abradable material 12 on its inner face with a bladed wheel 20 mounted in the housing defined by the housing 10.

Ces contacts interviennent notamment au moment de régimes transitoires, du fait d'une interférence locale ou continue entre un sommet d'aube et la piste en regard du carter. Lors de ces contacts, on comprend que les aubes peuvent subir de fortes sollicitations à caractère vibratoire, et qu'à cette occasion elles puissent vibrer sur un de leurs modes propres. Dans ce cas, le niveau vibratoire augmente alors très rapidement, soumettant les aubes concernées à des déformations susceptibles de dépasser leur limite d'endurance, ce qui conduit à une dégradation de la piste abradable et un endommagement des aubes (échauffement en bout de pale, criques de fatigue, déformation permanente..) pouvant conduire à la rupture. Habituellement, le phénomène est très bref, soit qu'un événement extérieur vienne y mettre fin (changement de vitesse de rotation du rotor, transitoire thermique..), soit que la fréquence propre de l'aube endommagée soit modifiée, en entraînant un désaccord du système.These contacts occur especially during transient conditions, due to local or continuous interference between a blade tip and the track facing the housing. During these contacts, it is understood that the blades can undergo high stresses vibratory character, and that they can vibrate on one of their own modes. In this case, the vibratory level then increases very rapidly, subjecting the blades concerned to deformations likely to exceed their endurance limit, which leads to degradation of the abradable track and blade damage (heating at the end of the blade, cracks of fatigue, permanent deformation ..) that can lead to breakage. Usually, the phenomenon is very brief, either an external event comes to end it (change of rotational speed of the rotor, thermal transient ..), or the natural frequency of the damaged blade is modified, resulting in a disagreement of the system.

Le phénomène peut toucher une seule aube, un ensemble d'aubes ou l'ensemble de la roue, à savoir toutes les aubes, ce dernier cas se présentant rarement du simple fait des dispersions de longueur d'aube, dues à la fabrication.The phenomenon can affect a single blade, a set of blades or the entire wheel, namely all the blades, the latter case rarely occurring simply because of the blade length dispersions, due to manufacture.

En général, pour limiter de tels endommagements, on effectue un détalonnage au bord d'attaque et/ou au bord de fuite, afin que les contacts n'aient pas lieu à ces emplacements-là mais dans les zones où la pale est plus robuste : celui-ci intervient au détriment des performances.In general, to limit such damage, the leading edge and / or the trailing edge are trimmed so that the contacts do not take place at these locations but in the areas where the blade is more robust. : it comes at the expense of performance.

Il est également connu de FR2869069 de considérer les phénomènes vibratoires dus aux pales d'une roue aubagée et de prévenir les phénomènes de résonance par un désaccordage volontaire de la roue aubagée. Le document US 3319929 présente un ensemble rotor/ stator dans lequel le rotor est une léchette annulaire et le stator comporte une couronne abradable disposée sur la face intérieure d'une virole. Selon ce document, un anneau d'amortissement est monté sur la face extérieure de la virole du stator. Des documents EP1016792A2 et EP1746249A2 , encore d'autres ensembles rotor/stator sont connus.It is also known to FR2869069 to consider the vibratory phenomena due to the blades of a bladed wheel and to prevent resonance phenomena by a deliberate detuning of the bladed wheel. The document US 3319929 has a rotor / stator assembly in which the rotor is an annular wiper and the stator comprises an abradable ring disposed on the inner face of a ferrule. According to this document, a damping ring is mounted on the outer face of the stator shell. Documents EP1016792A2 and EP1746249A2 still other rotor / stator assemblies are known.

Dans ce cas, on ne tient cependant pas compte des interactions rotor/stator encore dénommées phénomènes de couplage, entre les modes vibratoires de la roue aubagée et ceux de l'ensemble formé du carter et de la roue aubagée.In this case, however, the rotor / stator interactions, also called coupling phenomena, are not taken into account between the vibratory modes of the bladed wheel and those of the assembly formed by the casing and the bladed wheel.

La présente invention a pour objectif de fournir une solution permettant de surmonter les inconvénients de l'art antérieur et en particulier offrant la possibilité d'écarter tout risque vibratoire de l'ensemble rotor/stator. A cet effet la présente invention porte sur un ensemble rotor/stator selon la revendication 1 comportant un carter, ce carter formant le stator, ledit ensemble rotor/stator comportant en outre une roue aubagée formant le rotor. Le carter comporte un dispositif empêchant une instabilité lors d'un contact entre le carter et la roue aubagée, ledit dispositif comprenant une succession d'éléments disposés le long de la circonférence du carter et présentant, entre deux éléments voisins, une rigidité différente, les nombres d'éléments de même rigidité étant différents d'un multiple du nombre d'onde du mode vibratoire à inhiber de la roue aubagée qui lui est destinée.The present invention aims to provide a solution to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular offering the possibility of eliminating any vibration risk of the rotor / stator assembly. For this purpose, the present invention relates to a rotor / stator assembly according to claim 1 comprising a housing, this housing forming the stator, said rotor / stator assembly further comprising a bladed wheel forming the rotor. The casing comprises a device preventing instability during a contact between the housing and the bladed wheel, said device comprising a succession of elements arranged along the circumference of the casing and having, between two adjacent elements, a different rigidity, the numbers of elements of the same rigidity being different from a multiple of the wave number of the vibratory mode to inhibit the bladed wheel which is intended for it.

Un tel dispositif anti-instabilité est disposé au moins sur le tronçon destiné à recevoir la roue aubagée, c'est-à-dire à l'emplacement de la piste circulaire du carter en regard de cette roue aubagée. On peut également disposer ce dispositif anti-instabilité sur toute la longueur du carter ou seulement sur le tronçon destiné à recevoir la roue aubagée.Such an anti-instability device is disposed at least on the section intended to receive the bladed wheel, that is to say at the location of the circular track of the housing opposite this bladed wheel. This anti-instability device can also be arranged over the entire length of the casing or only on the section intended to receive the bladed wheel.

De cette manière, on comprend que selon l'invention, on brise la symétrie cyclique du carter qui ne présente plus une série de secteurs géométriquement identiques. En effet, le carter présente soit une alternance de secteurs de rigidité différente soit une succession irrégulière de secteurs de rigidité différente.In this way, it is understood that according to the invention, it breaks the cyclical symmetry of the housing which no longer has a series of geometrically identical sectors. Indeed, the casing presents either a alternation of sectors of different rigidity is an irregular succession of sectors of different rigidity.

Cette solution présente aussi l'avantage supplémentaire d'écarter les risques de phénomène de couplage par une adaptation simple de la partie statorique sans incidence sur les pièces environnantes en particulier sur le rotor, le canal inter-aubes ou la veine aérodynamique qui ne sont pas modifiés, de sorte que cette solution peut être mise en oeuvre sur du matériel existant.This solution also has the additional advantage of eliminating the risk of coupling phenomena by a simple adaptation of the stator part without affecting the surrounding parts, particularly on the rotor, the inter-blade channel or the aerodynamic vein which are not modified, so that this solution can be implemented on existing hardware.

De préférence, ledit dispositif anti-instabilité comporte des éléments d'un premier type présentant une première rigidité et des éléments d'un deuxième type présentant une deuxième rigidité différente de la première rigidité. Dans ce cas, selon l'invention, à la fois le nombre d'éléments du premier type et le nombre d'éléments du deuxième type est différent d'un multiple du nombre d'onde du mode vibratoire à inhiber de la roue aubagée qui va se trouver en vis-à-vis du carter, ou du tronçon de carter concerné.Preferably, said anti-instability device comprises elements of a first type having a first stiffness and elements of a second type having a second stiffness different from the first stiffness. In this case, according to the invention, both the number of elements of the first type and the number of elements of the second type is different from a multiple of the wave number of the vibratory mode to be inhibited of the bladed wheel which will be opposite the casing, or the section of casing concerned.

Les éléments du premier type présentent une première dimension de secteur angulaire et les éléments du deuxième type présentent une deuxième dimension de secteur angulaire.The elements of the first type have a first angular sector dimension and the elements of the second type have a second angular sector dimension.

Pour des raisons de simplicité de mise en oeuvre et de modélisation, on privilégie le cas où la première dimension de secteur angulaire et la deuxième dimension de secteur angulaire sont identiques, de sorte que les éléments du premier type et les éléments du deuxième type présentent la même étendue angulaire.For the sake of simplicity of implementation and modeling, preference is given to the case where the first angular sector dimension and the second angular sector dimension are identical, so that the elements of the first type and the elements of the second type have the same dimension. same angular extent.

On peut aussi envisager le cas où la première dimension de secteur angulaire et la deuxième dimension de secteur angulaire sont différentes.One can also consider the case where the first angular sector dimension and the second angular sector dimension are different.

La présente invention s'applique également au cas où ledit dispositif anti-instabilité comporte, en outre des éléments du premier type et des éléments du deuxième type, d'autres éléments présentant une autre rigidité, de sorte que le dispositif anti-instabilité comprend le long de la circonférence du carter plus de deux rigidités différentes.The present invention also applies to the case where said anti-instability device further comprises elements of the first type and elements of the second type, other elements having another rigidity, so that the anti-instability device comprises the along the circumference of the housing more than two different rigidities.

Avantageusement, dans l' ensemble rotor/stator, ladite roue aubagée est un disque aubagé monobloc (DAM) ou un anneau aubagé monobloc (ANAM).Advantageously, in the rotor / stator assembly, said bladed wheel is a blisk (DAM) or a monoblock bladed ring (ANAM).

La présente invention porte aussi sur un compresseur axial, basse pression, à pression intermédiaire ou haute pression, comprenant, à titre de stator, un carter tel que celui présenté précédemment qui comporte un dispositif empêchant une instabilité lors d'un contact entre le carter et la roue aubagée, ainsi que sur une turbomachine comportant un tel compresseur axial.The present invention also relates to an axial compressor, low pressure, intermediate pressure or high pressure, comprising, as a stator, a housing such as that presented above which comprises a device preventing instability during contact between the housing and the bladed wheel, and a turbomachine comprising such an axial compressor.

La présente invention porte aussi sur un compresseur centrifuge comprenant, à titre de stator, un carter tel que celui présenté précédemment qui comporte un dispositif empêchant une instabilité lors d'un contact entre le carter et la roue aubagée, ainsi que sur une turbomachine comportant un tel compresseur centrifuge.The present invention also relates to a centrifugal compressor comprising, as a stator, a housing such as that presented above which comprises a device preventing instability during a contact between the housing and the bladed wheel, as well as on a turbomachine comprising a such a centrifugal compressor.

La présente invention concerne de plus une soufflante comprenant, à titre de stator, un carter tel que celui présenté précédemment qui comporte un dispositif empêchant une instabilité lors d'un contact entre le carter et la roue aubagée, ainsi que sur une turbomachine comportant une telle soufflante.The present invention furthermore relates to a fan comprising, as a stator, a casing such as that presented above which comprises a device preventing instability during a contact between the casing and the bladed wheel, as well as on a turbomachine comprising such a device. blower.

La présente invention porte aussi sur une turbine, haute pression, basse pression ou à pression intermédiaire, comprenant, à titre de stator, un carter tel que celui présenté précédemment qui comporte un dispositif empêchant une instabilité lors d'un contact entre le carter et la roue aubagée, ainsi que sur une turbomachine comportant une telle turbine.The present invention also relates to a turbine, high pressure, low pressure or intermediate pressure, comprising, as a stator, a housing such as that presented above which comprises a device preventing instability during a contact between the housing and the bladed wheel, and a turbomachine comprising such a turbine.

Enfin, la présente invention se rapporte à un procédé selon la revendication 15 pour empêcher l'apparition d'une instabilité lors d'un contact dans un ensemble stator/rotor de turbomachine, consistant à inhiber au moins un mode vibratoire d'une roue aubagée appartenant au rotor, caractérisé par le fait qu'il consiste à aménager le carter, au moins sur le tronçon en vis-à-vis de la roue aubagée, afin qu'il présente, le long de sa circonférence, des secteurs angulaires de rigidité différentes, les nombres de secteurs angulaires de même rigidité étant différents d'un multiple du nombre d'onde du mode vibratoire de la roue aubagée à inhiber.Finally, the present invention relates to a method according to claim 15 for preventing the occurrence of instability during a contact in a turbomachine stator / rotor assembly, consisting of inhibiting at least one vibratory mode of a bladed wheel. belonging to the rotor, characterized in that it consists in arranging the casing, at least on the section opposite the bladed wheel, so that it presents, along its circumference, angular sectors of rigidity different, the numbers of angular sectors of the same rigidity being different from a multiple of the wave number of the vibratory mode of the bladed wheel to be inhibited.

Globalement, grâce à la solution selon la présente invention, il est possible de créer une dissymétrie azimutale de la rigidité du carter qui est choisie pour inhiber le mode vibratoire voulu de la roue aubagée appartenant au rotor, et ceci afin d'empêcher tout phénomène de couplage entre le rotor et le stator.Overall, thanks to the solution according to the present invention, it is possible to create an azimuth asymmetry of the rigidity of the casing which is chosen to inhibit the desired vibratory mode of the bladed wheel belonging to the rotor, and this in order to prevent any coupling phenomenon between the rotor and the stator.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description suivante faite à titre d'exemple et en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1, déjà décrite, est une vue en perspective d'une roue aubagée montée dans son carter de façon classique,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en perspective d'un carter pour un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 3 est une représentation azimutale d'une onde avec un nombre d'onde égal à quatre, illustrant la correspondance avec la répartition des matériaux de l'abradable du carter de la figure 2,
  • la figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'un carter pour un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'un carter pour un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention, et
  • la figure 6 est une vue en coupe, de face, du carter de la figure 5 selon la direction VI.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description given by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 , already described, is a perspective view of a bladed wheel mounted in its housing in a conventional manner,
  • the figure 2 is a perspective view of a casing for a first embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 3 is an azimuthal representation of a wave with a wave number of four, illustrating the correspondence with the material distribution of the crankcase abradable figure 2 ,
  • the figure 4 is a perspective view of a casing for a second embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 5 is a perspective view of a casing for a third embodiment of the invention, and
  • the figure 6 is a sectional view, from the front, of the housing of the figure 5 according to direction VI.

Dans la suite, on entend par nombre d'onde ou de diamètre nodal ou indice de déphasage d'un mode vibratoire, s'agissant d'un système circulaire à symétrie cyclique, le nombre de sommets (ou ventres) ou de creux représentant respectivement les maximums d'amplitude positive ou négative selon une direction radiale de l'onde en question. Le nombre de noeuds, à savoir de position avec une amplitude 0/nulle de l'onde est le double de ce nombre d'onde.In the following, the term "wave number or nodal diameter or phase shift index of a vibratory mode, in the case of a circular system with cyclic symmetry, the number of vertices (or bellies) or valleys respectively the maximums of positive or negative amplitude in a radial direction of the wave in question. The number of nodes, namely position with a 0 / null amplitude of the wave is twice this wave number.

Par exemple, une onde avec un nombre d'onde de trois, correspondant à trois diamètres nodaux, est une onde à six noeuds.For example, a wave with a wave number of three, corresponding to three nodal diameters, is a six-node wave.

Ainsi, sur la figure 3, une onde W est représentée dans un repère spatial cylindrique (représentation azimutale) et elle présente quatre diamètres nodaux D1 à D4, illustrés en relation avec les huit noeuds de vibration situés entre les quatre creux et les quatre ventres de l'onde W. Ainsi, cette onde W présente un nombre d'onde égal à quatre. L'onde W se décompose en quatre profils sinusoïdaux successifs identiques : sur la figure 3, les quatre périodes spatiales W1 à W4 ont été délimitées par les diamètres D1 et D3.So, on the figure 3 , a W wave is represented in a cylindrical spatial coordinate system (azimuth representation) and it has four nodal diameters D1 to D4, illustrated in relation to the eight vibration nodes located between the four valleys and the four bellows of the W wave. this wave W has a wave number equal to four. The wave W breaks down into four identical successive sinusoidal profiles: on the figure 3 , the four spatial periods W1 to W4 have been delimited by the diameters D1 and D3.

Afin d'illustrer différents modes de réalisation de la présente invention, on a choisi un carter selon l'invention muni d'un dispositif anti-instabilité se composant de quatorze secteurs angulaires de deux types présentant deux rigidités différentes et correspondants à une succession de quatorze éléments de même dimension angulaire, deux éléments voisins ayant une rigidité différente.In order to illustrate various embodiments of the present invention, a housing according to the invention has been chosen provided with an anti-instability device consisting of fourteen angular sectors of two types having two different rigidities and corresponding to a succession of fourteen. elements of the same angular dimension, two neighboring elements having a different rigidity.

Ainsi, en conformité avec l'invention, sept (les nombres d'éléments ou de secteurs angulaires de même rigidité du dispositif anti-instabilité) n'est pas un multiple de quatre (nombre d'onde de l'onde W).Thus, in accordance with the invention, seven (the numbers of elements or angular sectors of the same rigidity of the anti-instability device) is not a multiple of four (wave number W wave).

Plus précisément, pour chacun des trois modes de réalisation illustrés et décrits ci-après on a prévu seulement deux types d'éléments dénommés respectivement des éléments d'un premier type présentant une première rigidité et des éléments d'un deuxième type présentant une deuxième rigidité différente de la première rigidité.More precisely, for each of the three embodiments illustrated and described below only two types of elements have been provided, respectively designated elements of a first type having a first stiffness and elements of a second type having a second stiffness. different from the first rigidity.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation illustré sur la figure 2, l'invention consiste à disposer un dispositif anti-instabilité 120 sur la face interne du carter 110, ledit dispositif anti-instabilité comportant par secteur angulaire, des éléments du premier type 122 et des éléments du deuxième type 124 qui sont constitués respectivement de couches de matériaux abradables A et B de module de Young différents.According to a first embodiment illustrated on the figure 2 the invention consists in arranging an anti-instability device 120 on the inner face of the casing 110, said anti-instability device comprising, by angular sector, elements of the first type 122 and elements of the second type 124 which consist respectively of layers of abradable materials A and B of different Young's modulus.

Ici, pour des raisons de simplicité, on a choisi des éléments du premier type 122 et des éléments du deuxième type 124 qui présentent la même épaisseur et qui recouvrent toute la face interne du carter, à savoir toute sa circonférence et même éventuellement au-delà, en direction longitudinale, que le tronçon concerné par la roue aubagée 20 visée.Here, for the sake of simplicity, elements of the first type 122 and elements of the second type 124 which have the same thickness and which cover the whole internal face of the casing, namely its entire circumference and even possibly beyond in the longitudinal direction, that the section concerned by the bladed wheel 20 referred.

En pratique, pour former cette couche d'abradable sectorisée 120 comprenant quatorze secteurs, dont sept secteurs formés des éléments du premier type 122 en un matériau A et sept secteurs formés des éléments du deuxième type 124 en un matériau B, on utilise des matériaux A et B similaires pour lesquels on fait varier la proportion des matériaux entrant dans leur composition afin d'obtenir une différence de module de Young, à savoir de rigidité.In practice, to form this sectorized abradable layer 120 comprising fourteen sectors, of which seven sectors formed elements of the first type 122 of a material A and seven sectors formed elements of the second type 124 of a material B, materials A are used. and B for which the proportion of the materials used in their composition is varied in order to obtain a difference in Young's modulus, namely of rigidity.

Deux matériaux A et B de nature différente peuvent également être utilisés pour former les éléments du premier type 122 en un premier matériau A et les éléments du deuxième type 124 en un deuxième matériau B.Two materials A and B of different nature can also be used to form the elements of the first type 122 into a first material A and the elements of the second type 124 into a second material B.

Par exemple, le premier matériau A est un matériau de type « Metco » (marque déposée), à savoir issu d'une poudre très fine composée d'un polymère (tel que le polyéthylène téréphtalate- PET -par exemple) dont les grains sont recouverts de poudre d'alumine et de silice, et d'un liant. Ce type de poudre est en général projetée par plasma, la projection vaporisant le PET, ce qui conduit à un dépôt poreux ayant une certaine tenue à la température.For example, the first material A is a material of the "Metco" (registered trademark) type, namely derived from a very fine powder composed of a polymer (such as polyethylene terephthalate-PET for example) whose grains are covered with alumina powder and silica, and a binder. This type of powder is generally projected by plasma, the spray vaporizing the PET, which leads to a porous deposit having a certain resistance to temperature.

Par exemple, le deuxième matériau B est un matériau de type « RTV » (marque déposée), à savoir un composé de caoutchouc de silicone résistant aux variations de température car résultant d'une polymérisation du composé sous pression pour augmenter la densité. Alternativement, le deuxième matériau B est un « silastic » (marque déposée), à savoir un élastomère de silicone.For example, the second material B is a "RTV" type material (registered trademark), namely a silicone rubber compound resistant to temperature variations as resulting from a polymerization of the compound under pressure to increase the density. Alternatively, the second material B is a "silastic" (registered trademark), namely a silicone elastomer.

Les techniques employées pour le dépôt de cette couche d'abradable sectorisée 120 restent inchangées et sont bien entendu liées au(x) matériau(x) utilisé(s).The techniques used for the deposition of this sectorized abradable layer 120 remain unchanged and are of course related to the (x) material (s) used.

Par exemple on peut également utiliser un alliage à base nickel molybdène chrome, en particulier de type Hastelloy (marque déposée), qui est déposé par projection plasma ou encore par projection laser (la poudre est projetée dans le bain de fusion local engendré par le faisceau laser).For example, it is also possible to use a nickel-molybdenum chromium-based alloy, in particular of the Hastelloy (registered trademark) type, which is deposited by plasma spraying or else by laser projection (the powder is projected into the local melt generated by the beam laser).

Au final, on obtient une couche d'abradable sectorisée 120 pour laquelle la distance radiale R, entre l'axe du carter 110 et la face interne du carter 110 revêtue de cette couche, est constante et sensiblement égale au rayon de la roue aubagée 20.In the end, we obtain a sectorized abradable layer 120 for which the radial distance R, between the axis of the housing 110 and the inner face of the housing 110 coated with this layer, is constant and substantially equal to the radius of the bladed wheel 20 .

Considérons le cas où l'onde W est une onde correspondant à l'un des modes propres de la roue aubagée 20, et qu'en conséquence on souhaite l'inhiber.Consider the case where the wave W is a wave corresponding to one of the eigen modes of the bladed wheel 20, and therefore it is desired to inhibit it.

Si, comme on le voit sur la figure 3, l'onde W est associée au carter 110 selon la figure 2, on se retrouve avec chaque période spatiale de l'onde qui est associée avec une zone angulaire correspondante du carter de rigidité différente, du fait de la couche d'abradable sectorisée 120.If, as we see on the figure 3 , the wave W is associated with the casing 110 according to the figure 2 we end up with each spatial period of the wave which is associated with a corresponding angular zone of the casing of different rigidity, because of the sectorized abradable layer 120.

En l'espèce, la première période spatiale W1 de l'onde W est associée avec le premier quart de la circonférence du carter 110 (à droite sur la figure 3) présentant deux éléments du premier type 122 (matériau A) et un élément du deuxième type 124 (matériau B) qui se succèdent dans l'ordre A B A (on utilise le sens horaire).In this case, the first spatial period W1 of the wave W is associated with the first quarter of the circumference of the casing 110 (on the right on the figure 3 ) having two elements of the first type 122 (material A) and an element of the second type 124 (material B) succeeding one another in the order ABA (clockwise).

De la même façon, la deuxième période spatiale W2 de l'onde W est associée avec le deuxième quart de la circonférence du carter 110 (en haut sur la figure 3) présentant deux éléments du premier type 122 (matériau A) et deux éléments du deuxième type 124 (matériau B) qui se succèdent dans l'ordre A B A B.In the same way, the second spatial period W2 of the wave W is associated with the second quarter of the circumference of the casing 110 (top on the figure 3 ) having two elements of the first type 122 (material A) and two elements of the second type 124 (material B) succeeding one another in the order ABA B.

Pour la troisième période spatiale W3 de l'onde W et le troisième quart de la circonférence du carter 110 (à gauche sur la figure 3), on trouve la succession de matériaux B A B et pour la quatrième période spatiale de l'onde W et le quatrième quart de la circonférence du carter 110 (en bas sur la figure 3), on trouve la succession de matériaux B A B A.For the third space period W3 of the W wave and the third quarter of the circumference of the housing 110 (left on the figure 3 ), one finds the succession of materials BAB and for the fourth spatial period of the wave W and the fourth quarter of the circumference of the housing 110 (bottom on the figure 3 ), we find the succession of materials BAB A.

Ainsi, il ressort de ce système que chaque période spatiale W1 à W4 de l'onde W se retrouve associée à une rigidité différente de la portion angulaire correspondante sur le carter 110. Il en découle que chaque période spatiale W1 à W4 de l'onde W aura une vitesse de propagation différence, de sorte que l'onde W ne peut pas s'installer dans le carter 110 ou dans la roue aubagée 20 lors de phénomènes de prise de contact rotor/stator.Thus, it emerges from this system that each spatial period W1 to W4 of the wave W is associated with a stiffness different from the corresponding angular portion on the casing 110. It follows that each space period W1 to W4 of the wave W will have a difference propagation speed, so that the wave W can not be installed in the housing 110 or in the bladed wheel 20 during phenomena of making contact rotor / stator.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention représenté sur la figure 4, on utilise une couche d'abradable sectorisée 220 pour laquelle lesdits éléments du premier type 222 et des éléments du deuxième type 224 sont des couches de matériau abradable d'épaisseurs différentes, disposés par secteur angulaire sur la face interne du carter 210. Plus précisément, on a choisi des éléments du premier type 222 et des éléments du deuxième type 224 qui sont réalisés dans le même matériau et présentent donc le même module de Young et qui sont disposés sur toute la face interne du carter 210.According to a second embodiment of the invention shown in the figure 4 a sectored abradable layer 220 is used for which said elements of the first type 222 and elements of the second type 224 are layers of abradable material of different thicknesses, arranged by angular sector on the internal face of the housing 210. More precisely , elements of the first type 222 and elements of the second type 224 which are made of the same material and therefore have the same Young's modulus and which are arranged on the entire internal face of the casing 210, have been chosen.

A cette fin, pour que la distance radiale R (entre l'axe du carter et la face interne du carter 210 revêtue des éléments du premier type 222 et des éléments du deuxième type 224 d'épaisseurs différentes) reste constante, on utilise un carter 210 dont la face interne est crénelée.To this end, so that the radial distance R (between the axis of the housing and the inner face of the housing 210 coated with the elements of the first type 222 and elements of the second type 224 of different thicknesses) remains constant, a crankcase is used. 210 whose inner face is crenellated.

Plus précisément, c'est au moins le tronçon du carter 210 destiné à former la piste de la roue aubagée 20, qui présente une face interne crénelée grâce à des rainures longitudinales 214 régulièrement espacées entre elles. Ici, on a choisi une distance inter rainures égale au secteur angulaire de chaque rainure longitudinale 214. Entre deux rainures longitudinales 214 adjacentes est donc formée une nervure longitudinale 212 de même étendue angulaire.More specifically, it is at least the section of the casing 210 intended to form the track of the bladed wheel 20, which has a crenellated inner face through longitudinal grooves 214 regularly spaced apart. Here, an inter-groove distance equal to the angular sector of each longitudinal groove 214 has been chosen. Between two adjacent longitudinal grooves 214 is thus formed a longitudinal rib 212 having the same angular extent.

Ainsi, dans le cas de ce deuxième mode de réalisation, on usine la face interne du carter 210 afin de former l'alternance de nervures longitudinales 212 et de rainures longitudinales 214, puis on fait le dépôt de la couche d'abradable 220.Thus, in the case of this second embodiment, the internal face of the casing 210 is machined so as to form the alternation of longitudinal ribs 212 and longitudinal grooves 214, and then the abradable layer 220 is deposited.

Pour cela, on peut réaliser une seule couche d'abradable 220 présentant au départ une épaisseur constante, et donc un relief crénelé image de la surface interne du carter 210, qui est ensuite usinée en surface pour aboutir à un logement de carter de rayon R.For this purpose, it is possible to produce a single layer of abradable material 220 initially having a constant thickness, and therefore an embossed relief image of the internal surface of the housing 210, which is then machined on the surface to lead to a housing housing of radius R .

Alternativement, on peut déposer de façon séparée le matériau formant les éléments du premier type 222 et les éléments du deuxième type 224, respectivement sur les nervures longitudinales 212 et les rainures longitudinales 214 de la surface interne du carter 210, et ceci directement avec une épaisseur définitive qui est différente entre les éléments du premier type 222 et les éléments du deuxième type 224. En effet, l'écart d'épaisseur entre les éléments du premier type 222 et les éléments du deuxième type 224 est égale à la profondeur des rainures longitudinales 214.Alternatively, it is possible to separately deposit the material forming the elements of the first type 222 and the elements of the second type 224 respectively on the longitudinal ribs 212 and the longitudinal grooves 214 of the inner surface of the casing 210, and this directly with a thickness definitive which is different between the elements of the first type 222 and the elements of the second type 224. Indeed, the difference in thickness between the elements of the first type 222 and the elements of the second type 224 is equal to the depth of the longitudinal grooves 214.

Selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention représenté sur les figures 5 et 6, c'est la face externe du carter 310 qui est équipée d'un dispositif anti-instabilité 320 par le fait que lesdits éléments du deuxième type sont des nervures 314 disposées par secteur angulaire en faisant saillie sur la face externe du carter 310, de façon à former des oreilles servant de raidisseurs sur cette face externe du carter qui est ainsi crénelée en vue de face (voir figure 6).According to a third embodiment of the invention shown on the Figures 5 and 6 it is the external face of the casing 310 which is equipped with an anti-instability device 320 in that the said elements of the second type are ribs 314 arranged by angular sector projecting from the external face of the casing 310, to form ears serving as stiffeners on this outer face of the casing which is thus crenellated in front view (see figure 6 ).

Dans le cas représenté, il y a sur la circonférence du carter 310 sept nervures 314 en alternance avec sept secteurs angulaires 312 sans nervures qui forment les éléments du premier type du dispositif anti-instabilité 320.In the case shown, there is on the circumference of the housing 310 seven ribs 314 alternating with seven angular sectors 312 without ribs which form the elements of the first type of anti-instability device 320.

Pour la fabrication du carter 310, on a en fait prévu trois tronçons de carter 310a, 310b et 310c et deux disques 311a et 311b qui sont chacun disposés entre deux tronçons de carter voisins.For the manufacture of the housing 310, there are in fact provided three housing sections 310a, 310b and 310c and two disks 311a and 311b which are each arranged between two adjacent housing sections.

Chaque disque 311a et 311b présente une ouverture interne de diamètre égal au diamètre interne des tronçons de carter 310a, 310b et 310c et un contour extérieur compris entre deux cercles concentriques délimitant respectivement le contour extérieur des secteurs angulaires 312 sans nervures et des secteurs angulaires 314 avec nervures.Each disc 311a and 311b has an internal opening of diameter equal to the internal diameter of the housing sections 310a, 310b and 310c and an outer contour between two concentric circles delimiting respectively the outer contour of the angular sectors 312 without ribs and angular sectors 314 with ribs.

Le montage de l'empilement entre les trois tronçons de carter 310a, 310b et 310c et les deux disques 311a et 311b est effectué de sorte que les nervures 314 des deux disques sont alignées sur les mêmes secteurs angulaires.The mounting of the stack between the three housing sections 310a, 310b and 310c and the two discs 311a and 311b is performed so that the ribs 314 of the two discs are aligned on the same angular sectors.

Ainsi, les nervures 314 s'étendent radialement suffisamment pour créer la différence de rigidité souhaitée entre les secteurs angulaires 312 sans nervures et les secteurs angulaires 314 avec nervures. Quant à l'étendue longitudinale (dans la direction de l'axe du carter 310) des nervures 314, du fait du mode de mise en oeuvre avec les deux disques 311a et 311b, elle est limitée à l'épaisseur des disques 311a et 311b.Thus, the ribs 314 extend radially sufficiently to create the desired difference in stiffness between the angular sectors 312 without ribs and the angular sectors 314 with ribs. As for the longitudinal extent (in the direction of the axis of the housing 310) of the ribs 314, because of the embodiment with the two discs 311a and 311b, it is limited to the thickness of the discs 311a and 311b .

On comprend que la solution proposée des nervures 314 de faible étendue longitudinale permet de ne pas alourdir le carter. Cependant, à la place des nervures de faible étendue longitudinale 314, on peut prévoir des éléments saillants s'étendant sur une grande partie ou toute la longueur du carter.It is understood that the proposed solution ribs 314 of small longitudinal extent allows not to increase the casing. However, in place of the ribs of small longitudinal extent 314, there may be projecting elements extending over a large part or the entire length of the housing.

Dans ce cas du troisième mode de réalisation, la face interne du carter est revêtue d'une couche de matériau abradable 322 continue d'épaisseur constante réalisée dans un matériau unique, identique à la couche 12 du carter 10 de l'art antérieur présenté sur la figure 1.In this case of the third embodiment, the inner face of the casing is coated with a layer of continuous material 322 continuous abradable material made of a single material, identical to the layer 12 of the housing 10 of the prior art presented on the figure 1 .

On comprend que pour le troisième mode de réalisation, contrairement au premier mode de réalisation et au deuxième mode de réalisation décrits précédemment, ce n'est pas la couche de matériau abradable 322 qui intègre le dispositif anti-instabilité mais que c'est le carter 310 qui présente des secteurs angulaires de rigidité différente.It will be understood that for the third embodiment, unlike the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above, it is not the layer of abradable material 322 that integrates the anti-instability device but that it is the crankcase. 310 which has angular sectors of different rigidity.

On comprend donc qu'en choisissant, pour le dispositif selon l'invention du carter associé à une roue aubagée, des nombres d'éléments du premier type et d'éléments du deuxième type différents d'un multiple du nombre d'onde du mode vibratoire à inhiber de la roue aubagée, on empêche toute propagation de ce mode vibratoire au carter 110, 210 ou 310 ou dans la roue aubagée 20 lors de phénomènes de prise de contact rotor/stator...It is thus understood that by choosing, for the device according to the invention of the casing associated with a bladed wheel, numbers of elements of the first type and elements of the second type different from a multiple of the wave number of the mode. vibratory to inhibit the bladed wheel, it prevents any propagation of this vibratory mode to the casing 110, 210 or 310 or in the bladed wheel 20 during phenomena of making contact rotor / stator ...

Ces exemples de mise en oeuvre ne représentent qu'un cas particulier d'onde W (avec un nombre d'onde égal à quatre) et de nombre d'éléments du premier type et d'éléments du deuxième type (à savoir sept de chaque) pour le dispositif anti-instabilité associé.These examples of implementation represent only a particular case of wave W (with a wave number equal to four) and of number of elements of the first type and elements of the second type (namely seven of each ) for the associated anti-instability device.

De façon générale, il est nécessaire d'adapter la succession des éléments du premier type et des éléments du deuxième type, à savoir leur nombre et leur étendue angulaire individuelle, aux fins de constituer un motif adapté au nombre d'onde du ou des modes vibratoires du rotor que l'on souhaite perturber.In general, it is necessary to adapt the succession of the elements of the first type and the elements of the second type, namely their number and their individual angular extent, in order to constitute a pattern adapted to the wave number of the mode or modes. vibratory rotor that we want to disturb.

Claims (15)

  1. A rotor and stator assembly comprising a casing (110;210;310) forming the stator and a bladed wheel (20) forming the rotor, the casing (110; 210; 310) including, at a location situated in register with the bladed wheel, a device (120; 220; 320) for preventing instability during contact between the casing (110; 210; 310) and the bladed wheel (20), characterized in that said device (120; 220; 320) comprises a succession of elements (122, 124; 222, 224; 312, 314) disposed along the circumference of the casing (110; 210; 310) and presents, between two adjacent elements (122, 124; 222, 224; 312, 314) stiffnesses that are different, the numbers of elements of the same stiffness (122, 124; 222, 224; 312, 314) not being equal to a multiple of the wave number of the vibratory mode of the bladed wheel (20) that is to be inhibited.
  2. A rotor and stator assembly according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said device (120; 220; 320) comprises elements (122; 222; 312) of a first type presenting a first stiffness and elements (124; 224; 314) of a second type presenting a second stiffness different from the first stiffness.
  3. A rotor and stator assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that said elements (122, 124) of the first type and of the second type are layers of abradable material having different Young's moduluses, disposed in angular sectors on the inside face of the casing (110; 210; 310).
  4. A rotor and stator assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that said elements of the first type (222) and said elements of the second type (224) are layers of abradable material of different thicknesses, disposed in angular sectors on the inside face of the casing (110).
  5. A rotor and stator assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that said elements of the second type are ribs (314) disposed in angular sectors and projecting from the outside face of the casing (310).
  6. A rotor and stator assembly according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the elements of the first type present a first angular sector size and the elements of the second type present a second angular sector size, and in that the first angular sector size and the second angular sector size are identical.
  7. A rotor and stator assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the elements of the first type present a first angular sector size and the elements of the second type present a second angular sector size, and in that the first angular sector size and the second angular sector size are different.
  8. A rotor and stator assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said bladed wheel (20) is a one-piece bladed disk (BLISK)or a one-piece bladed ring (BLING).
  9. A compressor including a rotor and stator assembly to any one of claims 1 to 8.
  10. A turbomachine, in particular a turbojet, including a compressor according to claim 9.
  11. A fan including a rotor and stator assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
  12. A turbomachine, in particular a turbojet, including a fan according to claim 11.
  13. A turbine, including a rotor and stator assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
  14. A turbomachine, in particular a turbojet, including a turbine according to claim 13.
  15. A method of preventing instability appearing during contact in a stator and rotor assembly of a turbomachine, the method consisting in inhibiting at least one vibratory mode of a bladed wheel (20) forming part of the rotor, the method being characterized in that it consists in arranging the casing (110; 210; 310) at a location situated in register with the bladed wheel in such a manner that, along its circumference, it presents angular sectors of different stiffnesses, the numbers of angular sectors having the same stiffness not being equal to a multiple of the wave number of the vibratory mode of the bladed wheel (20) that is to be inhibited.
EP09158469.8A 2008-04-23 2009-04-22 Turbomachine casing comprising a device preventing instability in the event of contact between the casing and the rotor Active EP2112326B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0852717A FR2930590B1 (en) 2008-04-23 2008-04-23 TURBOMACHINE HOUSING HAVING A DEVICE WHICH PREVENTS INSTABILITY IN CONTACT BETWEEN THE CARTER AND THE ROTOR

Publications (2)

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EP2112326A1 EP2112326A1 (en) 2009-10-28
EP2112326B1 true EP2112326B1 (en) 2018-12-05

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EP09158469.8A Active EP2112326B1 (en) 2008-04-23 2009-04-22 Turbomachine casing comprising a device preventing instability in the event of contact between the casing and the rotor

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US (1) US8162602B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2112326B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5528721B2 (en)
FR (1) FR2930590B1 (en)

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JP5528721B2 (en) 2014-06-25
EP2112326A1 (en) 2009-10-28
US20090297331A1 (en) 2009-12-03
FR2930590B1 (en) 2013-05-31
JP2009264382A (en) 2009-11-12
FR2930590A1 (en) 2009-10-30
US8162602B2 (en) 2012-04-24

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