EP2104580A1 - Moulding material mixture containing carbohydrates - Google Patents
Moulding material mixture containing carbohydratesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2104580A1 EP2104580A1 EP07819173A EP07819173A EP2104580A1 EP 2104580 A1 EP2104580 A1 EP 2104580A1 EP 07819173 A EP07819173 A EP 07819173A EP 07819173 A EP07819173 A EP 07819173A EP 2104580 A1 EP2104580 A1 EP 2104580A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- molding material
- material mixture
- mixture according
- casting
- mold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 183
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 claims description 167
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 Boraxdextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005341 metaphosphate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000157282 Aesculus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-MRCIVHHJSA-N dextrin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)OC1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-MRCIVHHJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010181 horse chestnut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940035034 maltodextrin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052903 pyrophyllite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910021486 amorphous silicon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 21
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 13
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 4
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002029 synthetic silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 3
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical class O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000318 alkali metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000316 alkaline earth metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019351 sodium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FLPJVCMIKUWSDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-formylphenoxy)acetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)COC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 FLPJVCMIKUWSDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOZMLTCHTRHKRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-silylprop-2-en-1-one Chemical class CC(=C)C([SiH3])=O HOZMLTCHTRHKRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVNLBBGBASVLLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-triethoxysilylpropylurea Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCNC(N)=O LVNLBBGBASVLLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YATIYDNBFHEOFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-ol Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCO YATIYDNBFHEOFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCS UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000945 Amylopectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 241000896693 Disa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-DVKNGEFBSA-N alpha-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-DVKNGEFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium phosphates Chemical class [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004841 bisphenol A epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004842 bisphenol F epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005385 borate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940074979 cetyl palmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007073 chemical hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYQRBKCKQCRYEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ctk1a7239 Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2N2CC=CC3=NC=CC1=C32 VYQRBKCKQCRYEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007071 enzymatic hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006047 enzymatic hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorophosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(F)=O DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXDJXZJSCPSGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid hexadecyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PXDJXZJSCPSGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001483 monosaccharide substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RKISUIUJZGSLEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(octadecanoylamino)ethyl]octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCNC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RKISUIUJZGSLEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001254 oxidized starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013808 oxidized starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940085991 phosphate ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl Chemical class [P]=O LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011417 postcuring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005029 sieve analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical class [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002444 silanisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005624 silicic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- IYMSIPPWHNIMGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N silylurea Chemical class NC(=O)N[SiH3] IYMSIPPWHNIMGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TXDNPSYEJHXKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylsilane Chemical class S[SiH3] TXDNPSYEJHXKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004044 tetrasaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004043 trisaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007794 yellow potato Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021494 β-cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/20—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents
- B22C1/26—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents of carbohydrates; of distillation residues therefrom
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
- B22C1/186—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents contaming ammonium or metal silicates, silica sols
- B22C1/188—Alkali metal silicates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a molding material mixture for the production of casting molds for metal processing, which comprises at least one pourable refractory molding base, a water glass based binder, and a proportion of a particulate metal oxide, which is selected from the group of silica, alumina, titania and zinc oxide, includes. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for the production of casting molds for metal processing using the molding material mixture as well as a casting mold obtained by the process.
- Molds for the production of metal bodies are essentially produced in two versions.
- a first group form the so-called cores or forms. From these, the casting mold is assembled, which essentially represents the negative mold of the casting to be produced.
- a second group form hollow bodies, so-called feeders, which act as a compensation reservoir. These absorb liquid metal, whereby measures are taken to ensure that the metal remains in the liquid phase longer than the metal that is in the negative mold forming mold. If the metal solidifies in the negative mold, liquid metal can flow out of the compensation reservoir to compensate for the volume contraction that occurs when the metal solidifies.
- Casting molds are made of a refractory material, such as quartz sand, whose grains are connected after molding of the mold by a suitable binder to ensure sufficient mechanical strength of the mold.
- a refractory molding material which has been treated with a suitable binder.
- the refractory molding base material is preferably present in a free-flowing form, so that it can be filled into a suitable mold and compacted there.
- the binder produces a firm cohesion between the particles of the molding base material, so that the casting mold obtains the required mechanical stability.
- Molds must meet different requirements. During the casting process itself, they must first of all have sufficient stability and temperature resistance in order to receive the liquid metal in the mold formed from one or more casting molds. After the start of the solidification process, the mechanical stability of the mold is ensured by a solidified metal layer, which forms along the walls of the mold. The material of the casting mold then has to be under the influence of the votes from the metal heat in the manner decompose that it loses its mechanical strength, so "en ⁇ of the ⁇ 'lt ⁇ " related to Albert zwrsch ⁇ various ⁇ Pa ⁇ rt ⁇ i ⁇ ke ⁇ n ⁇ " d " it is " molten material” repealed. This is achieved, for example, by decomposing the binder under heat. After cooling, the solidified casting is shaken, in the - -
- the material of the molds again decomposes into a fine sand, which can pour out of the cavities of the metal mold.
- both organic and inorganic binders can be used, the curing of which can be carried out in each case by cold or hot processes.
- Cold processes are processes which are carried out essentially at room temperature without heating the casting mold.
- the curing is usually carried out by a chemical reaction, which is triggered for example by the fact that a gas is passed as a catalyst through the mold to be cured.
- hot processes the molding material mixture is heated to a sufficiently high temperature after molding to expel, for example, the solvent contained in the binder or to initiate a chemical reaction by which the binder is cured, for example, by crosslinking.
- organic binders are often used for the production of casting molds, in which the curing reaction is accelerated by a gaseous catalyst or cured by reaction with a gaseous hardener. These methods are referred to as "cold-box" methods.
- the first component consists of the solution of a polyol, usually a phenolic resin.
- the second component is the solution -in-nes-P ⁇ -lyi-soya-n-tes- ⁇ -So-according to the US 3, 4-0-9> -S-7-9-A the - Reacted two components of the polyurethane binder by a gaseous tertiary amine is passed through the mixture of molding material and binder after shaping.
- the curing reaction of polyurethane binders is - - -
- Hot-curing organic processes include the hot-box process based on phenolic or furan resins, the warm box process based on furan resins, and the croning process based on phenolic novolac resins.
- liquid resins are processed with a latent curing agent which is only effective at elevated temperatures to form a molding material mixture.
- mold base materials such as quartz, chrome ore, zirconium, etc., are coated at a temperature of about 100 to 160 0 C with a liquid at this temperature phenol novolac resin.
- Hexamethylenetetramine is added as a reaction partner for the subsequent curing.
- shaping and curing takes place in heated tools, which are heated to a temperature of up to 300 0 C.
- Such a system is described for example in GB 782 205, in which an alkali water glass is used as a binder, which can be cured by introduction of CO 2 .
- DE 199 25 167 describes an exothermic feeder composition which contains an alkali metal silicate as binder.
- binder systems have been developed which are self-curing at room temperature. Such a system based on phosphoric acid and metal oxides is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,582,232.
- inorganic binder systems are known which are cured at higher temperatures, for example in a hot tool.
- Such hot-curing binder systems are known, for example, from US Pat. No. 5,474,606, in which a binder system consisting of alkali water glass and aluminum silicate is described.
- inorganic binders also have disadvantages compared to organic binders.
- the casting molds made with water glass as a binder have a relatively low strength. This results in particular in the removal of the mold from the tool to problems because the mold can break. Good strength at this time is particularly important for the production of complicated, thin-walled moldings and their safe handling. The reason for the low strength is primarily that the molds still contain residual water from the binder. Longer dwell times in the hot, closed tool only help to a limited degree because the steam does not escape sufficiently - -
- Molds made with water glass as a binder often show poor disintegration after metal casting.
- the binder can be vitrified under the influence of the hot metal, so that the mold is very hard and can be removed only with great effort from the casting. Attempts have therefore been made to add organic components to the molding material mixture which burn under the influence of the hot metal and, as a result of pore formation, facilitate disintegration of the casting mold after casting.
- core and molding sand mixtures which contain sodium silicate as a binder.
- glucose syrup is added to the mixture.
- the molding sand mixture processed into a casting mold is set by passing carbon dioxide gas through it.
- the molding sand mixture contains 1 to 3 wt .-% glucose syrup, 2 to 7 wt .-% of an alkali metal silicate and a sufficient amount of a core or molding sand.
- forms and nuclei containing glucose syrup have much better disintegration properties than forms and nuclei containing sucrose or pure dextrose.
- EP 0 150 745 A2 describes a binder mixture for solidifying molding sand, which consists of an alkali metal silicate, preferably sodium silicate, a polyhydric alcohol and further additives, wherein the additives provided are modified carbohydrates, non-hygroscopic starch, a metal oxide and a filler.
- a non-hygroscopic starch hydrolyzate having a reducing power of 6 to 15% is used, which can be added as a powder.
- the non-hygroscopic starch and the metal oxide, preferably iron oxide are added in an amount of 0.25 to 1% by weight of the amount of sand. Possibly. may be added to the binder mixture, a lubricant in powder form or as an oil.
- the binder mixture is preferably cured by the use of CO 2 or a chemical catalyst.
- GB 847,477 describes a binder composition for the production of casting molds comprising an alkali metal silicate having a modulus SiO 2 / M 2 O of 2.0 to 3.22 and a polyhydroxy compound.
- the binder is mixed with a refractory base molding material for the production of molds and cured after forming the mold by gassing with carbon dioxide.
- polyhydroxy compounds for example, mono-, di-, tri- or tetrasaccharides are used, wherein provided no great demands on the purity of this compound "duhgeri" "" '. '""
- a molding material mixture for the production of molds is described, which in addition to a refractory molding material comprises a binder composition, which - -
- a suitable salt is, for example, ammonium chloride.
- the glue is made by partially hydrolyzing starch. For making a mold, the molding mixture is first brought into the desired shape and then heated to a temperature of at least 175 - 180 0 C heated.
- a molding material mixture for the production of molds which comprises a water-containing binder in addition to a refractory molding material, which in addition to an alkali metal silicate compatible with the alkali metal silicate oxidizing agent and, based on the solution, 9 to 40 wt .-% a readily oxidizable organic material.
- the oxidizing agent for example, nitrates, chromates, dichromates, permanganates or chlorates of the alkali metals can be used.
- starch, dextrins, cellulose, hydrocarbons, synthetic polymers, such as polyethers or polystyrene, and hydrocarbons, such as tar can be used as easily oxidisable material.
- the molding material mixture can be cured by heating or by gassing with carbon dioxide.
- No. 4,162,238 describes a molding material mixture for the production of casting molds which, in addition to a refractory molding base material, comprises a binder based on an alkali metal silicate, in particular water glass.
- the binder amorphous silica is added in a proportion corresponding to the solution of the binder 2 to 75%.
- the amor- "phe” "Si” ri ⁇ z ⁇ ümä "iöxi” d "indicates” a "par” ti ⁇ kelg "r” OLS ⁇ e ' ⁇ in the "V ott' etmaschine to 2 to 500 nm.
- the binder comprises a modulus SiC> 2 : M 2 O of 3.5 to 10, where M is an alkali metal.
- Molding material mixture according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
- casting molds based on inorganic binders can be prepared by the addition of carbohydrates to the molding material mixture, which have high strength both immediately after production and during prolonged storage. Further, after the casting of the metal, a casting having a very high surface quality is obtained, so that after the removal of the casting mold, only a slight finishing of the surface of the casting is required. This is a significant advantage because it can significantly reduce the cost of producing a casting in this way. In the case of casting, compared to other organic additives such as acrylic resins, polystyrene, polyvinyl esters or polyalkyl compounds, significantly less smoke is observed, so that the workload for the employees there can be significantly reduced.
- organic additives such as acrylic resins, polystyrene, polyvinyl esters or polyalkyl compounds
- the molding material mixture according to the invention for the production of casting molds for metalworking comprises at least:
- a refractory molding base a water glass based binder; and a proportion of a particulate metal oxide selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, titania and zinc oxide.
- the molding material mixture contains a carbohydrate as further constituent.
- a refractory molding base material can be used for the production of molds usual materials.
- the refractory base molding material must have sufficient dimensional stability at the temperatures prevailing during metal casting.
- suitable refractory molding material is therefore characterized by a high melting point.
- the melting point of the refractory mold raw material is preferably higher than 700 ° C, preferably higher than 800 0 C, particularly preferably higher than 900 0 C and most preferably higher than 1000 0 C.
- refractory mold raw materials silica sand or zircon example, are suitable.
- fibrous refractory mold bases are suitable, such as chamotte fibers.
- Other suitable refractory mold bases are, for example, olivine, chrome ore sand, vermiculite.
- Next artificial refractory mold raw materials glass beads, glass granules or known under the name "Cerabeads ®” or “Carboaccucast ®” spherical ceramic mold raw materials can be used as refractory mold raw materials such as aluminum silicate hollow spheres (microspheres called.). These artificial refractory mold bases are synthetically manufactured or, for example, fall as waste in industrial processes. These . spherical ceramic mold base materials contain as minerals, for example mullite, corundum, ß-cristobalite in different proportions. They contain as essential proportions alumina and silica. Typical compositions contain, for example, Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 in approximately equal proportions.
- the diameter of the spherical refractory mold bases is preferably less than 1000 microns, especially less than 600 microns.
- Aluminum silicate microbubbles result from the combustion of fossil fuels or other combustible materials and are separated from the ashes produced during combustion.
- Hollow microspheres as an artificial refractory base molding material are characterized by a low specific weight. This is due to the structure of these artificial refractory mold bases which comprise gas-filled pores. These pores can be open or closed. Preference is given to using closed-cell artificial refractory molding base materials. When using open-pored artificial refractory mold raw materials, a part of the water glass-based binder is absorbed in the pores and can then develop no binding effect.
- glass materials are used as artificial molding bases. These are used in particular either as glass beads or as glass granules.
- Conventional glasses can be used as the glass, with glasses showing a high melting point being preferred. Suitable examples are glass beads and / or glass granules, which is made of glass breakage. Also suitable are borate glasses. The composition of such glasses is exemplified in the table below.
- ⁇ II alkaline earth metal - e.g. Mg, Ca, Ba
- M 1 alkali metal, eg Na, K
- the diameter of the glass beads is preferably 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 500 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 10 to 400 ⁇ m.
- the refractory base molding material is formed by glass materials.
- the proportion of the glass material on the refractory molding base material is preferably less than 35 wt .-%, more preferably less than 25 wt .-%, particularly preferably less than 15 wt .-% selected.
- the fraction of the glass material on the refractory molding base material is preferably greater than 0.5% by weight, preferably greater than 1% by weight, particularly preferably greater than 1.5% by weight. , particularly preferably greater than 2 wt .-% selected.
- the preferred proportion of the artificial molding base materials is at least about 3 wt .-%, more preferably at least 5 wt .-%, particularly preferably at least 10 wt .-%, preferably at least about 15 wt .-%, particularly preferably at least about 20 Wt .-%, based on the total amount of refractory molding material.
- the refractory molding base material preferably has a free-flowing state, so that the molding material mixture according to the invention can be processed in conventional core shooting machines.
- the proportion of artificial refractory mold raw materials is kept low.
- the proportion of the artificial refractory mold raw materials in the refractory molding base material less than 80 wt .-%, preferably less than 75 wt .-%, more preferably less than 65 wt .-%.
- the molding material mixture according to the invention comprises a water glass-based binder.
- Conventional water glasses can be used as the water glass, as they are already used as binders in molding material mixtures. These water glasses contain dissolved sodium or potassium silicates and can be prepared by dissolving glassy potassium and sodium silicates in water.
- the water glass preferably has a modulus of SiO 2 / M 2 ⁇ in the range of 1.6 to 4.0, in particular 2.0 to 3.5, wherein M is sodium and / or potassium.
- the water glasses preferably have a solids content in the range of 30 to 60 wt .-%. The solids content refers to the amount of SiO 2 and M 2 O contained in the water glass.
- the molding material mixture contains a proportion of a particulate metal oxide, which is selected from the group of silica, alumina, titania and zinc oxide.
- the average primary particle size of the particulate metal oxide may be between 0.10 ⁇ m and 1 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the metal oxides is preferably less than 300 ⁇ m, preferably less than 200 ⁇ m, more preferably less than 100 ⁇ m. It is preferably in the range of 5 to 90 .mu.m, more preferably 10 to 80 .mu.m, and most preferably in the range of 15 to 50 microns.
- the particle size can be determined, for example, by sieve analysis. Particularly preferably, the sieve residue on a sieve with a mesh width of 63 ⁇ m is less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 8% by weight.
- particulate metal oxide silica is used, in which case synthetically produced amorphous silica is particularly preferred.
- Precipitated silica is obtained by reaction of an aqueous alkali metal silicate solution with mineral acids. The resulting precipitate is then separated, dried and ground.
- Fumed silicas are understood to mean silicic acids which are obtained by coagulation from the gas phase at high temperatures. The production of fumed silica, for example, by flame hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride or - -
- silica sand with coke or anthracite to silicon monoxide gas followed by oxidation to silica.
- the pyrogenic silicas produced by the arc furnace process may still contain carbon.
- Precipitated silica and fumed silica are equally well suited for the molding material mixture according to the invention. These silicas are hereinafter referred to as "synthetic amorphous silica”.
- the molding material mixture according to the invention contains a carbohydrate. Both mono- or disaccharides and relatively high molecular weight oligosaccharides or polysaccharides can be used.
- the carbohydrates can be used both as a single compound and as a mixture of different carbohydrates.
- the purity of the carbohydrates used are not excessive requirements. It is sufficient if the carbohydrates, based on the dry weight, in a purity of more than 80 wt .-%, more preferably more than 90 wt .-%, more preferably more than 95 wt .-%, in each case based on the dry weight.
- the monosaccharide units of the carbohydrates can be linked as desired.
- the carbohydrates preferably have a linear structure, for example an ⁇ - or ⁇ -glycosidic 1,4-linkage.
- the carbohydrates may also be wholly or partially 1, 6-linked, such as.
- the amylopectin which has up to 6% ⁇ -1, 6 bonds.
- the amount of carbohydrate is preferably chosen to be relatively low. In itself, the aim is to keep the proportion of organic components in the molding material mixture as low as possible so that the smoke development caused by the thermal decomposition of these organic compounds is suppressed as far as possible. Therefore, relatively small amounts of carbohydrate are added to the molding material mixture, wherein a significant improvement in the strength of the casting molds before casting or a significant improvement in the quality of the surface of the casting can already be observed.
- the proportion of the carbohydrate, based on the refractory molding material greater than 0.01 wt .-%, preferably greater than 0.02 wt .-%, more preferably greater than 0.05 wt .-% selected.
- a high proportion of carbohydrate causes no further improvement in the strength of the casting mold or the surface quality of the casting.
- the amount of carbohydrate, based on the refractory molding base material is preferably less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 2.5% by weight, more preferably less than 0.5% by weight, particularly preferably less than 0, 4 wt .-% selected.
- low levels of carbohydrates in the range of more than 0.1 wt .-% lead to significant effects.
- the proportion of carbohydrate in the molding material mixture based on the refractory molding material, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 wt .-%, preferably 0.2 to 0.4 wt .-%. At levels of more than 0.5% by weight of carbohydrate, no significant improvement in properties is achieved, so amounts of more than 0.5% by weight of carbohydrate are not required per se.
- the carbohydrate is used in underivatized form.
- Such carbohydrates can be favorably obtained from natural sources, such as plants, for example, cereals or potatoes.
- Carbohydrates can be lowered for example by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis, for example to improve the solubility in water.
- underivatized carbohydrates which are thus composed only of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
- derivatized carbohydrates can be used, in which, for example, a part or all hydroxy groups with e.g. Alkyl groups are etherified.
- Suitable derivatized carbohydrates are, for example, ethylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose.
- oligosaccharides or polysaccharides are glucose or sucrose.
- an oligosaccharide or polysaccharide is particularly preferred to use an oligosaccharide or polysaccharide as the carbohydrate.
- the oligosaccharide or polysaccharide have a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 100,000 g / mol, preferably 2,000 and 30,000 g / mol.
- the carbohydrate has a molecular weight in the range of 5,000 to 20,000 g / mol, a significant increase in the strength of the mold is observed, so that the mold can be easily removed from the mold during manufacture and transported. Even with prolonged storage, the mold shows a very good strength, so that even for a series production of castings required storage of the molds, even over several days in the event of access of humidity, readily possible.
- the stability upon exposure to water, such as un- to the casting mold, for example, when applying a sizing ve ⁇ rme ⁇ i ⁇ d ⁇ rch "i ⁇ st,” is ⁇ s ⁇ ⁇ ore good.
- the polysaccharide is preferably composed of glucose units, these being particularly preferably linked to ⁇ - or ⁇ -glycosidic 1,4.
- carbohydrate fertilize which contain other monosaccharides besides glucose, such as galactose or fructose to use as an inventive additive.
- suitable carbohydrates are lactose ( ⁇ - or ⁇ -1, 4-linked disaccharide of galactose and glucose) and sucrose (disaccharide of ⁇ -glucose and ⁇ -fructose).
- the carbohydrate is particularly preferably selected from the group of cellulose, starch and dextrins and derivatives of these carbohydrates.
- Suitable derivatives are, for example, derivatives completely or partially etherified with alkyl groups.
- starches especially the naturally occurring starches, such as potato, corn, rice, peas, banana, horse chestnut or wheat starch can be used.
- modified starches such as, for example, swelling starch, low-boiling starch, oxidized starch, citrate starch, acetate starch, starch ethers, starch esters or starch phosphates. There is no limit to the choice of strength per se.
- the starch may, for example, be low-viscosity, medium-viscosity or high-viscosity, cationic or anionic, cold-water-soluble or hot-water-soluble.
- the dextrin is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of potato dextrin, corn dextrin, Gelbdextriri, ⁇ white dextrin, "borax, and Cyclödextrin 'maltodextrin.
- the molding material mixture preferably comprises additionally a phosphorus-containing compound.
- a phosphorus-containing compound in this case, both organic and inorganic phosphorus compounds can be used per se.
- the phosphorus in the phosphorus-containing compounds preferably in the oxidation state V is present.
- the addition of phosphorus-containing compounds the stability of the mold can be further increased. This is particularly important when metal casting, the liquid metal strikes a sloping surface and there because of the high metallostatic pressure exerts a high erosion effect or can lead to deformation in particular thin-walled portions of the mold.
- the phosphorus-containing compound is preferably present in the form of a phosphate or phosphorus oxide.
- the phosphate can be present as alkali metal or as alkaline earth metal phosphate, with alkali metal phosphates and especially the sodium salts being particularly preferred. As such, ammonium phosphates or phosphates of other metal ions can also be used.
- the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phosphates mentioned as being preferred are readily available and are available inexpensively in amounts which are in themselves arbitrary.
- Phosphates of polyvalent metal ions, especially trivalent metal ions are not preferred. It has been observed that when using such phosphates of polyvalent metal ions, in particular trivalent metal ions, the processing time of the molding material mixture is shortened.
- the phosphorus oxide is preferably present in the form of phosphorus pentoxide.
- Ph ⁇ sph ⁇ rtri- and phosphoric tetroxide can be used.
- the phosphorus-containing compound in the form of the salts of the fluorophosphoric acids may be added to the molding material mixture.
- Particularly preferred are in the case of the salts of monofluorophosphoric acid.
- Especially preferred is the sodium salt.
- organic phosphates are added to the molding material mixture as the phosphorus-containing compound.
- alkyl or aryl phosphates Preference is given here to alkyl or aryl phosphates.
- the alkyl groups preferably comprise 1 to 10 carbon atoms and may be straight-chain or branched.
- the aryl groups preferably comprise 6 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein the aryl groups may also be substituted by alkyl groups.
- Particularly preferred are phosphate compounds derived from monomeric or polymeric carbohydrates such as glucose, cellulose or starch.
- the use of a phosphorus-containing organic component as an additive is advantageous in two respects. On the one hand can be achieved by the phosphorus content, the necessary thermal stability of the mold and on the other hand, the surface quality of the corresponding casting is positively influenced by the organic content.
- Both orthophosphates and polyphosphates, pyrophosphates or metaphosphates can be used as phosphates.
- the phosphates can be prepared, for example, by neutralization of the corresponding acids with a corresponding base, for example an alkali metal base, such as NaOH, or optionally also an alkaline earth, limetal base, wherein not necessarily all negative charges of the phosphate ion must be saturated by metal ions. It is possible to use both the metal phosphates and the metal hydrogen phosphates and the metal dihydrogen phosphates, for example Na 3 PO 4 , Na 2 HPO 4 and NaH 2 PO 4 . Likewise, the anhydrous phosphates as well as hydrates of the phosphates can be used.
- the phosphates can be introduced into the molding material mixture both in crystalline and in amorphous form.
- Polyphosphates are understood in particular to be linear phosphates which comprise more than one phosphorus atom, the phosphorus atoms being connected in each case via oxygen bridges.
- Polyphosphates are obtained by condensation of orthophosphate ions with elimination of water, so that a linear chain of PO 4 tetrahedra is attached, which are each connected via corners.
- Polyphosphates have the general formula (0 (PO 3 ) n ) ⁇ n + 2) where n is the chain length
- a polyphosphate may comprise up to several hundred PO 4 tetrahedrons
- polyphosphates with shorter chain lengths are preferred
- n has values of from 2 to 100, in particular preferably from 5 to 50. It is also possible to use more highly condensed polyphosphates, ie polyphosphates in which the PO 4 tetrahedra are connected to one another via more than two corners and therefore polymerize into two or more. show three dimensions.
- Metaphosphates are understood to mean cyclic structures composed of PO 4 tetrahedra connected by vertices. Metaphosphates have the general formula ((PCb) n ) n - where n is at least 3. Preferably, n has values of 3 to 10.
- Both individual phosphates and mixtures of different phosphates and / or phosphorus oxides can be used.
- the preferred proportion of the phosphorus-containing compound, based on the refractory molding material, is between 0.05 and 1.0 wt .-%. With a proportion of less than 0.05 wt .-%, no significant influence on the dimensional stability of the mold to determine. If the proportion of the phosphate exceeds 1.0% by weight, the hot strength of the casting mold greatly decreases.
- the proportion of the phosphorus-containing compound is selected to be between 0.10 and 0.5% by weight.
- the phosphorus-containing compound preferably contains between 0.5 and 90% by weight of phosphorus, calculated as P 2 O 5 .
- inorganic phosphorus compounds contain preferably 40 to 90% by weight, particularly preferably 50 to 80% by weight of phosphorus, calculated as P 2 O 5 . If organic phosphorus compounds are used, these preferably contain from 0.5 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably from 1 to 20% by weight, of phosphorus, calculated as P 2 O 5 .
- the phosphorus-containing compound may be added per se in solid or dissolved form of the molding material mixture.
- the phosphorus-containing compound is preferably added to the molding material mixture as a solid. If the phosphorus-containing compound is added in dissolved form, water is preferred as the solvent.
- Iron oxide as a possible additive was also considered in the inventors' study of the stability and disintegration of molds. When iron oxide is added to the molding material mixture, an increase in the stability of the casting mold during metal casting is likewise observed. The addition of iron oxide can thus also potentially improve the stability of thin-walled sections of the casting mold. However, the addition of iron oxide does not effect the improvement in the disintegration properties of the casting mold after casting, in particular iron casting, observed during the addition of phosphorus-containing compounds. - A -
- the molding material mixture according to the invention represents an intensive mixture of at least the constituents mentioned.
- the particles of the refractory molding material are preferably coated with a layer of the binder.
- a firm cohesion between the particles of the refractory base molding material can then be achieved.
- the binder i. the water glass as well as the particulate metal oxide, in particular synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide, and the carbohydrate are contained in the molding material mixture preferably in a proportion of less than 20 wt .-%, particularly preferably in a range of 1 to 15 wt .-%.
- the proportion of the binder refers to the solids content of the binder. If massive refractory mold bases are used, such as quartz sand, the binder is preferably present in a proportion of less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 8% by weight, more preferably less than 5% by weight. If refractory mold raw materials are used which have a low density, such as the micro hollow balls described above, the proportion of the binder increases accordingly.
- the particulate metal oxide in particular the synthetic amorphous silica, based on the total weight of the binder, preferably in a proportion of 2 to 80 wt .-%, preferably between 3 and 60 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 4 and 50 wt .-%.
- the Ve-rzzaitn-is-of-Wa-s-se-rgia-s -te-iiehenfö-rm-i-gem-Metail-oxi-d in particular synthetic amorphous silica, can be varied within wide ranges , This offers the advantage of the initial strength of the casting mold, ie the strength immediately after removal from the hot mold, and the moisture content. keitsbe Permaschine without affecting the ultimate strengths, ie the strengths after cooling of the mold, compared to a water glass binder without amorphous silica significantly affect. This is of great interest especially in light metal casting.
- the final strength after curing should not be too high to avoid difficulties in binder decay after casting, ie the molding base should be easily removed from mold cavities after casting.
- the molding material contained in the molding material mixture according to the invention may contain at least a proportion of hollow microspheres in one embodiment of the invention.
- the diameter of the hollow microspheres is usually in the range of 5 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably in the range of 10 to 350 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the shell is usually in the range of 5 to 15% of the diameter of the microspheres.
- These microspheres have a very low specific gravity, so that the molds produced using hollow microspheres have a low weight.
- Particularly advantageous is the insulating effect of the hollow microspheres.
- the hollow microspheres are therefore used in particular for the production of molds, if they are to have an increased insulating effect.
- Such casting molds are, for example, the feeders already described in the introduction, which act as a compensation reservoir and contain liquid metal, wherein the metal should be kept in a liquid state until the metal filled into the mold has solidified.
- Another application of casting molds containing hollow microspheres are, for example, sections of a casting mold which correspond to particularly thin-walled sections of the finished casting mold. Due to the insulating effect of - -
- Hollow microspheres ensure that the metal in the thin-walled sections does not prematurely solidify and thus clog the paths within the mold.
- the binder due to the low density of these hollow microspheres, is preferably used in a proportion in the range of preferably less than 20% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 10 to 18% by weight.
- the values relate to the solids content of the binder.
- the micro-spheres preferably have a sufficient temperature stability, so that they do not prematurely soften during metal casting and lose their shape.
- the hollow microspheres are preferably made of an aluminum silicate. These hollow aluminum silicate microspheres preferably have an aluminum oxide content of more than 20% by weight, but may also have a content of more than 40% by weight. Such hollow microspheres are obtained, for example, from Omega Minerals Germany GmbH, Norderstedt, under the designations Omega- Spheres® SG with an aluminum oxide content of approximately 28-33%, Omega- Spheres® WSG with an aluminum oxide content of approximately 35-39% and E- Spheres ® with an aluminum oxide content of about 43% in the trade. Corresponding products are available from the PQ Corporation (USA) under the name "Extendospheres ®".
- hollow microspheres are used as the refractory molding base, which are made of glass.
- the hollow microspheres consist of a borosilicate glass.
- the borosilicate glass has a proportion of boron, calculated as B 2 O 3 , of more than 3% by weight.
- the proportion of hollow microspheres is preferably chosen to be less than 20% by weight, based on the molding material mixture.
- at Use of borosilicate glass microballoons preferably a small proportion is selected. This is preferably less than 5 wt .-%, preferably less than 3 wt .-%, and is more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 2 wt .-%.
- the molding material mixture according to the invention contains, in a preferred embodiment, at least a proportion of glass granules and / or glass beads as a refractory molding base material.
- the molding material mixture contains an oxidizable metal and a suitable oxidizing agent.
- the oxidizable metals preferably form a proportion of 15 to 35 wt .-%.
- the oxidizing agent is preferably added in a proportion of 20 to 30 wt .-%, based on the molding material mixture.
- Suitable oxidizable metals are, for example, aluminum or magnesium.
- Suitable oxidizing agents are, for example, iron oxide or potassium nitrate.
- the molding material mixture according to the invention contains a proportion of a lubricant, preferably a platelet-shaped lubricant, in particular graphite, MoS 2 , talc and / or pyrophillite.
- the amount of added platelet-shaped lubricant, in particular graphite, is preferably 0.05 wt .-% to 1 wt .-%, based on the refractory molding material.
- the molding material mixture according to the invention may also comprise further additives.
- internal release agents can be added which facilitate the separation of the molds from the mold. Suitable internal release agents are e.g. Calcium stearate, fatty acid esters, waxes, natural resins or special alkyd resins.
- silanes can also be added to the molding material mixture according to the invention.
- the molding material mixture according to the invention contains in a preferred embodiment, an organic additive which has a melting point in the range of 40 to 180 0 C, preferably 50 to 175 0 C, that is fixed at room temperature.
- Organic additives are understood to be compounds whose molecular skeleton is composed predominantly of carbon atoms, that is, for example, organic polymers.
- the inventors assume that at least some of the organic additives are burnt during the casting process, thereby creating a thin gas cushion between liquid metal and the molding base material forming the wall of the casting mold and thus a reaction between the liquid metal and the molding base material is prevented. Further, the inventors believe that some of the organic additives are lower than the reducing ones of the casting - -
- Atmosphere forms a thin layer of so-called lustrous carbon, which also prevents a reaction between metal and mold base material.
- lustrous carbon so-called lustrous carbon
- the organic additives are preferably used in an amount of 0.01 to 1.5% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 1.3% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, respectively based on the refractory molding material added.
- the proportion of organic additives is preferably chosen to be less than 0.5% by weight.
- Suitable organic additives are, for example, phenol-formaldehyde resins, e.g. Novolacs, epoxy resins such as bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins or epoxidized novolaks, polyols such as polyethylene glycols or polypropylene glycols, polyolefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene, copolymers of olefins such as ethylene or propylene, and other comonomers, such as vinyl acetate, polyamides such as polyamide-6, polyamide-12 or polyamide-6, 6, natural resins such as gum rosin, fatty acids such as stearic acid, fatty acid esters such as cetyl palmitate, fatty acid amides such as ethylenediamine bisstearamide and metal soaps , such as stearates or oleates of monovalent to trivalent metal
- the molding material mixture according to the invention contains a proportion of at least one silane.
- Suitable silanes are, for example, aminosilanes, epoxy silanes, mercaptosilanes, hydroxysilanes, methacrylsilanes, ureidosilanes and polysiloxanes.
- silanes examples include ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -hydroxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ - (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) trimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and N- ⁇ (aminoethyl) -Y- aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.
- silane based on the particulate metal oxide
- the casting molds produced with the molding compound according to the invention in particular cores and molds, surprisingly show good disintegration after casting, in particular during aluminum casting.
- casting molds can be produced with the molding material mixture according to the invention, which also show a very good disintegration during iron casting, so that the molding material mixture can easily be poured out again from narrow and twisted sections of the casting mold after casting.
- the use of the molded articles produced from the molding material mixture according to the invention is therefore not limited to light metal casting.
- the molds are generally suitable for casting metals. Such metals are, for example, non-ferrous metals, such as brass or bronze, and ferrous metals.
- the invention further relates to a method for the production of molds for metal processing, wherein the molding material mixture according to the invention is used.
- the method according to the invention comprises the steps:
- the procedure is generally such that initially the refractory molding base material is introduced and then the binder is added with stirring.
- the water glass and the particulate metal oxide, in particular the synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide, and the carbohydrate can be added per se in any order.
- the carbohydrate may be added in dry form, for example in the form of starch powder. But it is also possible to add the carbohydrate in dissolved form. Preference is given to aqueous solutions of the carbohydrate. The use of aqueous solutions is particularly advantageous if, as in the case of glucose syrup, they are already available as a solution due to the production process.
- the solution of carbohydrate may also be mixed with the water glass prior to addition to the refractory base stock. Preferably, the carbohydrate is added in solid form to the refractory base molding material.
- the carbohydrate can be introduced into the molding material mixture by enveloping a suitable carrier, for example other additives or the refractory molding material with a solution of the corresponding carbohydrate.
- a suitable carrier for example other additives or the refractory molding material
- water or an organic solvent can be used. However, water is preferably used as the solvent.
- a drying step may be performed after coating. This can be done, for example, in a drying oven or under the action of microwave radiation.
- the additives described above may be added per se in any form of the molding material mixture. They can be added individually or as a mixture. They can be added in the form of a solid, but also in the form of solutions, pastes or dispersions. If added as a solution, paste or dispersion, water is preferred as the solvent. It is also possible to use the water glass used as a binder as a solvent or dispersion medium for the additives.
- the binder is provided as a two-component system, wherein a first liquid component contains the water glass and a second solid component contains the particulate metal oxide.
- the solid component may further comprise, for example, the phosphate and optionally a, preferably platelet, lubricant. If the carbohydrate is added in solid form to the molding material mixture, this can also be added to the solid component.
- the refractory molding base material is placed in a mixer and then preferably first the solid component (s) of the binder is added and mixed with the refractory molding base material.
- the mixing time is chosen so that an intimate mixing of refractory base molding material and solid binder component takes place.
- the mixing time depends on the amount of the molding compound to be produced and on the mixing unit used. Preferably, the mixing time is selected between 1 and 5 minutes.
- the liquid component of the binder is under preferably further agitating the mixture then added and then the mixture is further mixed until has formed on the grains of the refractory -Formg-rundsto-ffs a- uniform layer of the binder ".
- the mixing time Depending on the amount of molding material mixture to be produced and on the mixing unit used, the duration for the mixing process is preferred - -
- a liquid component is understood to mean both a mixture of different liquid components and the totality of all liquid individual components, the latter also being able to be added individually.
- a solid component is understood as meaning both the mixture of individual or all of the solid components described above and the entirety of all solid individual components, the latter being able to be added to the molding compound jointly or else successively.
- the liquid component of the binder may also first be added to the refractory base molding material and only then be fed to the solid component of the mixture.
- first 0.05 to 0.3% of water, based on the weight of the molding material is added to the refractory molding material and only then the solid and liquid components of the binder are added.
- the molding material mixture is then brought into the desired shape.
- customary methods are used for the shaping.
- the molding material mixture can be shot by means of a core shooting machine with the aid of compressed air into the mold.
- the molding material mixture is then cured by supplying heat in order to evaporate the water contained in the binder. Upon heating, the molding material mixture is deprived of water. Due to the removal of water, condensation reactions between silanol groups are presumably also initiated, so that a cross-linking of the water glass occurs.
- cold oxidation process for example, by introducing carbon dioxide or by polyvalent metal cations precipitation of poorly soluble compounds and thus solidification of the mold causes.
- the heating of the molding material mixture can be done for example in the mold. It is possible to fully cure the mold already in the mold. But it is also possible to cure the mold only in its edge region, so that it has sufficient strength to be removed from the mold can.
- the casting mold can then be completely cured by removing further water. This can be done for example in an oven. The dehydration can for example also be done by the water is evaporated at reduced pressure.
- the curing of the molds can be accelerated by blowing heated air into the mold.
- a rapid removal of the water contained in the binder is achieved, whereby the mold is solidified in suitable periods for industrial use.
- the temperature of the injected air is preferably 100 ° C. to 180 ° C., particularly preferably 120 ° C. to 150 ° C.
- the flow rate of the heated air is preferably set so that the casting mold is cured in periods suitable for industrial use. The periods depend on the size of the molds produced. It is desirable to cure in less than 5 minutes, preferably less than 2 minutes. For very large molds but longer periods may be erforderlieh.
- the removal of the water from the molding material mixture can also be carried out in such a way that the heating of the molding material mixture is effected by irradiation of microwaves.
- the radiation is preferably made after the mold has been removed from the mold.
- the casting mold must already have sufficient strength. As already explained, this can be achieved, for example, by curing at least one outer shell of the casting mold already in the molding tool.
- Casting molds that are cold-cured by the introduction of carbon dioxide are therefore not suitable for displaying castings of very complicated geometry and narrow passages with multiple baffles, such as oil passages in internal combustion engines, since the casting mold does not achieve the required stability and the casting mold after Metal casting can only be completely removed from the casting with great effort.
- DAS water In the thermal curing DAS watermar- largely from the casting 'form when removed and metal cast a significantly lower post-curing of the mold is observed. After the metal casting, the mold shows a much better disintegration than casting molds by introducing - -
- Carbon dioxide were cured. Thermal curing also makes it possible to produce molds that are suitable for the production of castings with very complex geometry and narrow passages.
- the flowability of the molding material mixture according to the invention can be improved by the addition of, preferably platelet-shaped, lubricants, in particular graphite and / or M0S 2 and / or talc.
- talc-like minerals such as pyrophyllite, can improve the flowability of the molding material mixture.
- the platelet-shaped lubricant, in particular graphite and / or talc can be added separately from the two binder components of the molding material mixture.
- the platelet-shaped lubricant in particular graphite
- the particulate metal oxide in particular the synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide
- the molding material mixture may also comprise other organic additives as already described.
- the addition of these other organic additives can be done per se at any time during the preparation of the molding material mixture.
- the addition of the organic additive can be carried out in bulk or in the form of a solution.
- the amount of organic additives is preferably chosen to be low, in particular preferably less than 0.5% by weight, based on the refractory molding base material.
- the total amount of organic additives, including the carbohydrate is chosen to be less than 0.5% by weight, based on the refractory base molding material.
- Water-soluble organic additives can be used in the form of an aqueous solution. If the organic additives are soluble in the binder and are stable in storage over several months in the binder, they can also be dissolved in the binder and so on be added together with this the molding material. Water-insoluble additives may be used in the form of a dispersion or a paste. The dispersions or pastes preferably contain water as the dispersing medium. As such, solutions or pastes of the organic additives can also be prepared in organic solvents. However, if a solvent is used for the addition of the organic additives, water is preferably used.
- the addition of the organic additives is carried out as a powder or as a short fiber, wherein the average particle size or the fiber length is preferably selected so that it does not exceed the size of the refractory molding base particles.
- the organic additives can be sieved through a sieve with the mesh size of about 0.3 mm.
- the particulate metal oxide and the organic additive (s) are preferably not added separately to the molding sand but are premixed.
- the silanes or siloxanes may also be added to the molding base as a separate component.
- Substituting the thus pretreated particulate metal oxide is a, it is found compared to the untreated metal oxide increased strengths sowi ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ e "in ⁇ e" improved "resistance" against "height", "humidity".
- an organic additive is added to the molding material mixture or the particulate metal oxide, it is expedient to do so before the silanization.
- the inventive method is in itself suitable for the production of all casting molds customary for metal casting, that is to say, for example, of cores and molds. It is also particularly advantageous to produce casting molds which comprise very thin-walled sections.
- the inventive method for the production of feeders is.
- the molds produced from the molding material mixture according to the invention or with the inventive method have a high strength immediately after the production, without the strength of the molds after curing is so high that difficulties after the production of the casting occur during removal of the mold.
- the casting mold has very good disintegration properties both in light metal casting, in particular aluminum casting, and in iron casting.
- these molds have a high stability at elevated humidity, i.
- the casting molds can also be stored without problems for a long time.
- the mold has a very high stability under mechanical stress, so that even thin-walled portions of the mold can be realized without these being deformed by the metallostatic pressure during the casting process.
- Another object of the invention is therefore a mold, which was obtained by the inventive method described above.
- the casting mold according to the invention is generally suitable for metal casting, in particular light metal casting. Particularly advantageous -rgebnrsse "are obtained in the aluminum casting " . - ⁇ - ""
- Georg Fischer test bars are cuboid test bars measuring 150 mm x 22.36 mm x ?? - 36 mm.
- the composition of the molding material mixture is given in Table 1.
- the Georg Fischer test bars were prepared as follows:
- the components listed in Table 1 were mixed in a laboratory blade mixer (Vogel & Schemann AG, Hagen, DE). For this purpose, initially the quartz sand was introduced and added with stirring the water glass. As a water glass, a sodium water glass was used, which had proportions of potassium. In the tables below, the modulus is therefore given as SiO 2 : M 2 O, where M is the sum of sodium and potassium. After the mixture was stirred for one minute, the amorphous silica and / or the carbohydrate were added, if necessary, with further stirring. The mixture was then stirred for an additional 1 minute;
- the molding material mixtures were in the stock hopper of an H 2.5 hot box core shooting machine from Röperwerk - transferred foundry Maschinen GmbH, Viersen, DE, whose molding tool had been heated to 200 0 C;
- the molding material mixtures were introduced into the mold by means of compressed air (5 bar) and remained in the mold for a further 35 seconds;
- test bars were placed in a Georg Fischer strength testing machine equipped with a 3-point bending device (DISA Industrie AG, Schaffhausen, CH) and the force was measured, which led to the breakage of the test bars.
- the flexural strengths were measured according to the following scheme:
- Example 1.1 shows that sufficient hot strengths can not be achieved without the addition of amorphous silica or a carbohydrate.
- the shelf life of the cores produced with molding material mixture 1.1 shows that with this no reliable core production is possible.
- the hot strengths can be increased (Example 1.2 and 1.3), so that the cores have sufficient strength to process them directly after the core production.
- the addition of amorphous silica improves the shelf life of the cores, especially at high relative humidity.
- carbohydrate compounds, in particular dextrin compounds Example 1.4
- it shows up in comparison to molding material mixture - -
- Georg Fischer test bars of the molding material mixtures 1.1 to 1.8 were installed in a sand casting mold such that three of the four longitudinal sides come into contact with the casting metal during the casting process. Casting was done with an aluminum alloy type 226 at a casting temperature of 735 ° C. After cooling the casting mold, the casting was freed from the sand by means of high-frequency hammer blows. The castings were assessed for remaining sand buildup.
- the cast cut of the mixture 1.1 shows as well as the mixtures 1.2 and 1.3 very strong sand buildup.
- the carbohydrate-containing molding material mixture (mixture 1.4) has. a positive influence on the quality of the cast surface.
- the Ausgusschnchnitte mixtures 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7 also have hardly any Sandanhaftept, whereby in these cases, the positive influence of carbohydrates (here in the form of dextrin and ethylcellulose) on the cast surface quality is confirmed. Even the addition of only 0.1% dextrin (mixture 1.8) produces a significant improvement in the surface quality compared to the carbohydrate-free comparison (mixture 1.3).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE202007019192U DE202007019192U1 (en) | 2006-10-19 | 2007-10-19 | Carbohydrate-containing molding material mixture |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006049379A DE102006049379A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 | 2006-10-19 | Phosphorus-containing molding material mixture for the production of casting molds for metal processing |
DE200610061876 DE102006061876A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 | 2006-12-28 | Molding material mixture, useful for producing casting molds for metal processing, comprises a fireproof molding base material, a binder based on water glass, a particulate metal oxide, e.g. silicon dioxide and further a carbohydrate |
PCT/EP2007/009108 WO2008046651A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 | 2007-10-19 | Moulding material mixture containing carbohydrates |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2104580A1 true EP2104580A1 (en) | 2009-09-30 |
EP2104580B1 EP2104580B1 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
EP2104580B2 EP2104580B2 (en) | 2022-02-23 |
Family
ID=38893297
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07819173.1A Active EP2104580B2 (en) | 2006-10-19 | 2007-10-19 | Moulding material mixture containing carbohydrates |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100224756A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2104580B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5170813B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101420891B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2007312540B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0718281B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2666760C (en) |
DE (1) | DE202007019192U1 (en) |
EA (1) | EA015239B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2593078T5 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE029506T2 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2009004130A (en) |
PL (1) | PL2104580T5 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008046651A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019002452A1 (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-03 | HÜTTENES-ALBERTUS Chemische Werke Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Method for producing a moulding material mixture and a moulded body thereof in the casting industry and kit for use in this method and installation for use with this method |
Families Citing this family (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006049379A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 | 2008-04-24 | Ashland-Südchemie-Kernfest GmbH | Phosphorus-containing molding material mixture for the production of casting molds for metal processing |
DE102007051850A1 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2009-05-07 | Ashland-Südchemie-Kernfest GmbH | Molding compound with improved flowability |
UA101663C2 (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2013-04-25 | Ашланд-Зюдхеми-Кернфест Гмбх | Coating for casting moulds and cores for prevention cavity formation on surfaces |
EP2359957A1 (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2011-08-24 | Foseco International Limited | Method and composition for the preparation of foundry moulds and cores |
BR112013016833A2 (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2016-09-27 | Ask Chemicals España S A | anti-veining additive for the preparation of foundry molds and cores |
CN102179470B (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2013-02-20 | 龙岩市升伍旗车桥有限公司 | Easy collapsibility foundry sand polymerizer and preparation method thereof |
DE102012103705A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 | 2013-10-31 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | Method for producing molds and cores for casting metal, and molds and cores produced by this method |
DE102012104934A1 (en) | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-12 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | Forstoffmischungen containing barium sulfate |
DE102012020509A1 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2014-06-12 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | Forming substance mixtures based on inorganic binders and process for producing molds and cores for metal casting |
DE102012020511A1 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2014-04-24 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | Forming substance mixtures based on inorganic binders and process for producing molds and cores for metal casting |
DE102012020510B4 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2019-02-14 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | Forming substance mixtures based on inorganic binders and process for producing molds and cores for metal casting |
JP5972393B2 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2016-08-17 | 新東工業株式会社 | Mold sand and molding method of sand mold |
DE102012113074A1 (en) * | 2012-12-22 | 2014-07-10 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | Mixtures of molding materials containing metal oxides of aluminum and zirconium in particulate form |
DE102012113073A1 (en) | 2012-12-22 | 2014-07-10 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | Molding mixtures containing aluminum oxides and / or aluminum / silicon mixed oxides in particulate form |
DE102013106276A1 (en) | 2013-06-17 | 2014-12-18 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | Lithium-containing molding material mixtures based on an inorganic binder for the production of molds and cores for metal casting |
PL2916976T3 (en) * | 2013-10-19 | 2017-08-31 | Peak Deutschland Gmbh | Method for producing lost cores or molded parts for the production of cast parts |
DE102013114581A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | A method of producing molds and cores for metal casting using a carbonyl compound, and molds and cores produced by this method |
KR101527909B1 (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-06-10 | 한국생산기술연구원 | inorganic binder composition for castings |
ITUA20162227A1 (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2017-10-01 | Cavenaghi S P A | Foundry inorganic binder system |
CN108393430B (en) * | 2017-02-04 | 2020-05-08 | 济南圣泉集团股份有限公司 | Curing agent for casting sodium silicate |
DE102017106686A1 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-04 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | Molding compound containing additives to reduce casting defects |
CN111163644A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2020-05-15 | 罗地亚经营管理公司 | Method for drying polysaccharides |
JP7358450B2 (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2023-10-10 | アイメリーズ ユーエスエー,インコーポレーテッド | Compositions containing oxidized materials for sand casting and methods of preparation and use thereof |
JP2022514075A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2022-02-09 | プロイオニック ゲーエムベーハー | Molding composition containing a sugar component |
DE102019116406A1 (en) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-12-17 | HÜTTENES-ALBERTUS Chemische Werke Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Additive mixture for molding material mixtures for the production of waterglass-bound foundry molds and foundry cores |
DE102019131241A1 (en) | 2019-08-08 | 2021-02-11 | HÜTTENES-ALBERTUS Chemische Werke Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Process for the production of an article for use in the foundry industry, corresponding granulate and kit, devices and uses |
CN111253150B (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2021-04-16 | 武汉理工大学 | Preparation method of mullite-corundum composite ceramic substrate for electronic packaging |
DE102020119013A1 (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2022-01-20 | HÜTTENES-ALBERTUS Chemische Werke Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Process for the manufacture of an article for use in the foundry industry, corresponding mould, core, feeder element or mold material mixture, as well as devices and uses |
RU2759346C1 (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-11-12 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Чувашский государственный университет имени И.Н. Ульянова" | Binder for foundry molding and core sands |
DE102022116209A1 (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-04 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Investment material, method for producing a casting mold and method for producing a component by casting |
DE102022132149A1 (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2024-06-06 | BSG-Sealings GmbH | Sealant |
CN116196978B (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2024-01-30 | 山东新和成药业有限公司 | Catalyst for preparing hexamethylindanol, and preparation method and application thereof |
Family Cites Families (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB782205A (en) * | 1955-03-07 | 1957-09-04 | Foundry Services Ltd | Improvements in or relating to sand cores |
US2926098A (en) * | 1955-10-14 | 1960-02-23 | Diamond Alkali Co | Binder for foundry molds |
BE551767A (en) * | 1955-10-14 | |||
BE560558A (en) * | 1956-09-05 | |||
GB902199A (en) | 1958-03-20 | 1962-07-25 | Starch Products Ltd | Improvements in binders for foundry purposes |
US2948627A (en) * | 1958-04-24 | 1960-08-09 | Du Pont | Molding composition and process for producing same |
GB1007272A (en) * | 1960-11-21 | 1965-10-13 | Mo Och Domsjoe Ab | Improvements in or relating to the production of foundry cores and moulds |
GB1078666A (en) * | 1964-08-20 | 1967-08-09 | Foseco Int | Additives to sand moulds and cores |
US3429848A (en) | 1966-08-01 | 1969-02-25 | Ashland Oil Inc | Foundry binder composition comprising benzylic ether resin,polyisocyanate,and tertiary amine |
GB1240877A (en) | 1968-07-26 | 1971-07-28 | British Non Ferrous Metals Res | Foundry moulding sand compositions |
AU2236370A (en) | 1969-11-17 | 1972-05-18 | Minerals, Binders, Clays (Proprietary) Limited | Improvements in the co2 process for bonding, moulding and core sands in foundries |
US4162238A (en) | 1973-07-17 | 1979-07-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Foundry mold or core compositions and method |
JPS52138434A (en) * | 1976-05-14 | 1977-11-18 | Toyo Kogyo Co | Self harden molding material |
DE3403583A1 (en) | 1984-02-02 | 1985-08-08 | Seaders, John, Corvallis, Oreg. | Binder mix for consolidation |
JPS61126942A (en) * | 1984-11-26 | 1986-06-14 | Chuzo Gijutsu Fukiyuu Kyokai | Binder for casting mold |
IT1207835B (en) * | 1987-03-04 | 1989-06-01 | Mi Chi Sa Mineraria Chimica Sa | GREEN FORMING LAND ADDITIVE. |
JPH02220729A (en) * | 1989-02-21 | 1990-09-03 | Mazda Motor Corp | Mold for casting and manufacture thereof |
US5382289A (en) * | 1993-09-17 | 1995-01-17 | Ashland Oil, Inc. | Inorganic foundry binder systems and their uses |
US5474606A (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1995-12-12 | Ashland Inc. | Heat curable foundry binder systems |
US6139619A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 2000-10-31 | Borden Chemical, Inc. | Binders for cores and molds |
AU717229B2 (en) * | 1996-06-25 | 2000-03-23 | Borden Chemical, Inc. | Binders for cores and molds |
DE19632293C2 (en) | 1996-08-09 | 1999-06-10 | Thomas Prof Dr In Steinhaeuser | Process for the production of core moldings for foundry technology |
GB9624340D0 (en) * | 1996-11-22 | 1997-01-08 | Foseco Int | Sand reclamation |
JPH10298610A (en) * | 1997-04-25 | 1998-11-10 | Shimizu Shokuhin Kk | Forming metallic mold and manufacture thereof |
DE19925167A1 (en) | 1999-06-01 | 2000-12-14 | Luengen Gmbh & Co Kg As | Exothermic feeder mass |
DE29925010U1 (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 2008-09-04 | Mincelco Gmbh | Water glass bonded core molding material |
US6416572B1 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2002-07-09 | Foseco International Limited | Binder compositions for bonding particulate material |
US6860319B2 (en) * | 2003-06-04 | 2005-03-01 | American Colloid Company | Acid activated clay for use in foundry sand |
FR2871155B1 (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2007-04-27 | Roquette Freres | USE OF PARTICULAR POLYSACCHARIDES FOR THE ADJUVANTATION OF MINERAL MATERIALS |
DE102004042535B4 (en) * | 2004-09-02 | 2019-05-29 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | Molding material mixture for the production of casting molds for metal processing, process and use |
-
2007
- 2007-10-19 US US12/445,956 patent/US20100224756A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-10-19 AU AU2007312540A patent/AU2007312540B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-10-19 DE DE202007019192U patent/DE202007019192U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2007-10-19 CA CA2666760A patent/CA2666760C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-19 HU HUE07819173A patent/HUE029506T2/en unknown
- 2007-10-19 MX MX2009004130A patent/MX2009004130A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2007-10-19 PL PL07819173.1T patent/PL2104580T5/en unknown
- 2007-10-19 EA EA200970391A patent/EA015239B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-10-19 ES ES07819173T patent/ES2593078T5/en active Active
- 2007-10-19 EP EP07819173.1A patent/EP2104580B2/en active Active
- 2007-10-19 WO PCT/EP2007/009108 patent/WO2008046651A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-10-19 KR KR1020097010261A patent/KR101420891B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2007-10-19 JP JP2009532734A patent/JP5170813B2/en active Active
- 2007-10-19 BR BRPI0718281A patent/BRPI0718281B1/en active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2008046651A1 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019002452A1 (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-03 | HÜTTENES-ALBERTUS Chemische Werke Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Method for producing a moulding material mixture and a moulded body thereof in the casting industry and kit for use in this method and installation for use with this method |
DE102017114628A1 (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-03 | HÜTTENES-ALBERTUS Chemische Werke Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Process for the preparation of a molding material mixture and a molding thereof in the foundry industry and kit for use in this process |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2593078T5 (en) | 2022-05-31 |
JP2010506730A (en) | 2010-03-04 |
WO2008046651A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
EP2104580B2 (en) | 2022-02-23 |
BRPI0718281B1 (en) | 2015-09-15 |
KR101420891B1 (en) | 2014-07-30 |
CA2666760A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
EA200970391A1 (en) | 2010-02-26 |
EP2104580B1 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
AU2007312540A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
HUE029506T2 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
CA2666760C (en) | 2014-10-28 |
BRPI0718281A2 (en) | 2013-11-19 |
DE202007019192U1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
JP5170813B2 (en) | 2013-03-27 |
AU2007312540B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
PL2104580T3 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
KR20090076979A (en) | 2009-07-13 |
US20100224756A1 (en) | 2010-09-09 |
EA015239B1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
ES2593078T3 (en) | 2016-12-05 |
PL2104580T5 (en) | 2023-02-20 |
MX2009004130A (en) | 2009-06-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2104580B1 (en) | Moulding material mixture containing carbohydrates | |
EP2097192B1 (en) | Moulding material mixture containing phosphorus for producing casting moulds for machining metal | |
EP2209572B1 (en) | Mould material mixture having improved flowability | |
EP2117749B1 (en) | Thermal regeneration of foundry sand | |
EP2392424B1 (en) | Method for producing casting moulds for metal processing, casting moulds produced according to the method and the use of same | |
DE102012020510B4 (en) | Forming substance mixtures based on inorganic binders and process for producing molds and cores for metal casting | |
EP3010669B1 (en) | Method for producing a lithium-containing molding material mixture based on an inorganic binder for producing molds and cores for metal casting | |
EP2858770B1 (en) | Molding material mixtures containing barium sulfate | |
EP3950168A1 (en) | Mould material mixtures on the basis of inorganic binders, and method for producing moulds and cores for metal casting | |
DE102012020511A1 (en) | Forming substance mixtures based on inorganic binders and process for producing molds and cores for metal casting | |
EP3060362A2 (en) | Molding material mixtures containing an oxidic boron compound and method for the production of molds and cores | |
DE102018200607A1 (en) | Process for the production of molds and cores suitable for the manufacture of fiber composite bodies or castings of metal or plastic, mold bases and binders usable in the process and molds and cores produced by the process | |
EP3986634A1 (en) | Sized molds obtainable from a molding material mixture containing an inorganic bonding agent and phosphatic compounds and oxidic boron compounds and method for production and use thereof | |
DE102006061876A1 (en) | Molding material mixture, useful for producing casting molds for metal processing, comprises a fireproof molding base material, a binder based on water glass, a particulate metal oxide, e.g. silicon dioxide and further a carbohydrate |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20090515 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA HR MK RS |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R138 Ref document number: 202007019192 Country of ref document: DE Free format text: GERMAN DOCUMENT NUMBER IS 502007014991 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: ASK CHEMICALS GMBH |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20160122 |
|
GRAR | Information related to intention to grant a patent recorded |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR71 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA HR MK RS |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20160630 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 817011 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20160815 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 502007014991 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: FP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: TRGR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2593078 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 Effective date: 20161205 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160803 Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20161203 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160803 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20161104 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20161205 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160803 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HU Ref legal event code: AG4A Ref document number: E029506 Country of ref document: HU |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160803 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160803 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R026 Ref document number: 502007014991 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PLBI | Opposition filed |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20161103 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160803 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
26 | Opposition filed |
Opponent name: HUETTENES-ALBERTUS CHEMISCHE-WERKE GMBH Effective date: 20170503 |
|
PLAX | Notice of opposition and request to file observation + time limit sent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS2 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20161031 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20161031 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160803 Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20161019 |
|
PLAF | Information modified related to communication of a notice of opposition and request to file observations + time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCOBS2 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20161019 |
|
PLBB | Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition received |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS3 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160803 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160803 Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160803 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20181022 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
APBM | Appeal reference recorded |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNREFNO |
|
APBP | Date of receipt of notice of appeal recorded |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA2O |
|
APAH | Appeal reference modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNO |
|
APAW | Appeal reference deleted |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDREFNO |
|
APBM | Appeal reference recorded |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNREFNO |
|
APBP | Date of receipt of notice of appeal recorded |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA2O |
|
APBQ | Date of receipt of statement of grounds of appeal recorded |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA3O |
|
PLBP | Opposition withdrawn |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009264 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20191031 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20191031 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Payment date: 20201014 Year of fee payment: 14 Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20201020 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20201022 Year of fee payment: 14 Ref country code: HU Payment date: 20201006 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
APBU | Appeal procedure closed |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA9O |
|
PUAH | Patent maintained in amended form |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009272 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: PATENT MAINTAINED AS AMENDED |
|
27A | Patent maintained in amended form |
Effective date: 20220223 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B2 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R102 Ref document number: 502007014991 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: EUG Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: DC2A Ref document number: 2593078 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T5 Effective date: 20220531 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20211101 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SK Ref legal event code: T5 Ref document number: E 21884 Country of ref document: SK |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20211020 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20211101 Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20211020 |
|
P01 | Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered |
Effective date: 20230517 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SK Payment date: 20231016 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20231025 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20231117 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20231031 Year of fee payment: 17 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20231023 Year of fee payment: 17 Ref country code: CZ Payment date: 20231009 Year of fee payment: 17 Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20231019 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20231220 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PL Payment date: 20240617 Year of fee payment: 18 |