EP2094412A1

EP2094412A1 - Component made of a flat material and method for the production thereof

Info

Publication number: EP2094412A1
Application number: EP07825270A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jochen Ellert; Arno Behrens
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Ellert Jochen
Priority date: 2006-11-23
Filing date: 2007-09-28
Publication date: 2009-09-02
Anticipated expiration: 2027-09-28
Also published as: EP2094412B8; EP2094412B1; DE102006055657A1; WO2008062263A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a component (1) made of a flat material with a center surface (8) located between two main surfaces (7, 9) that are parallel to each other. The flat material is provided with a deformation structure (4), extending partially perpendicularly to the center surface (8) depending on the pressing operation. At least one, if necessary a plurality of the partial regions (5) of the flat material are provided with the deformation structure (4), whereas at least one surface region of the flat material remains non-deformed. The deformation structure (4) comprises a lattice of adjacent cells (5) extending transversely to the center surface (8), the cells being delimited by cell bending edges (14, 15) having different heights. Each cell (5) comprises recesses (10) that are delimited by the relatively higher (14) or lower cell flanges (15), wherein the lower cell bending edges (15) substantially extend at a maximum to the height of a main surface (7), while the higher cell bending edges (14) extend up to the height (11) and the recesses (10) extend up to the height (13). The pressure is preferably primarily applied via elastomeric active media, wherein for example a tool made of modular individual elements is used for structuring purposes.

Description

COMPONENT FROM A FLAT MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR HIS

MANUFACTURING

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a component made of a flat material with an imaginary central surface lying between two main surfaces parallel to one another, wherein the flat material is provided either completely or partially with a regular deformation structure which extends in the manner of a pressing partially perpendicular to the central surface. Thus, the deformation structure is introduced in the main shape direction perpendicular to the central surface and will generally have the characteristic Beulmuster parabolic see-wells with respect to the central surface, while the Beulränder at least partially with respect to the central surface have a directed against the main shape, grandeur.

Background of the Invention Components of this type are known, for example, from DE-C2-100 06 348 or DE-A1-197 50 576, the latter describing a method for producing buckling structures in the rolling process. According to DE-C2, the deformation structure essentially serves to increase the rigidity of the flat material, but there the stiffening effect is reduced by concentric counterbumps introduced at the bottom of the bump. Also in DE-297 12 622 U1 the structuring of the stiffening of the sheet material is used. Such an increase in stiffness is according to DE-A1-197 50 576, especially for vehicle construction, but in principle also for all flat components of interest.

A disadvantage of the known components is that their increase in rigidity soon reaches their limits. Therefore, this invention is based on the object, a component of the type mentioned in such a way that it has a greater rigidity.

Summary of the invention

According to the invention this is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1. This results in a structure that is not only designed bulge-like in the pressing direction, but also at least partially against the pressing direction relative to the central surface has a sublime in the Beulrändern. Both deformations, so the Bumps in combination with the grandeur of the edge zones result in a higher resistance to applied bending stresses. This combination of buckling reinforcement and the partial grandeur of the Beulränder is also the local stretching of the sheet is increased in the region of a bump to be created, whereby an additional stiffening effect is caused.

In addition, it is characteristic of this method that the sublimation of the bulge under the pressure effect creates a stretch and slight bending in the bulge region, which increases the local instability and causes the bulges to spring in more or less spontaneously even under a very low pressure effect. This considerably reduces the compression forces required for structuring in comparison to embossing methods.

Furthermore, this method can be integrated as a secondary feature in deep drawing or stretching operations known per se, etc., and allows flat edge zones adjacent to the structural form field. It also makes possible a subsequent, possibly partial, further deformation of pre-formed components. The determination of the optimal cell size according to the invention is carried out according to the principle of minimal energy consumption for buckling and can be carried out on the basis of finite element analyzes.

Flat materials having this structure moreover have a more favorable influence on the vibration and flow behavior, e.g. at ventilation ducts.

In the context of the invention, the tool for a structural shape field can be constructed from modules which enable a flexibilization of the assembly, a reduction of the production costs and improvement of the maintenance.

The invention further provides a method for producing such a component, which has the features of claim 6.

In this case, in the context of the invention, the pressing force for generating the bumps and the grandeur of the Beulrandzonen on elastic active media (or the like) is applied to the component. The targeted generation of local instabilities also causes the bumps to suddenly jump into the cavities of the tool and shape their geometry independently (freely) and paraboloidally, so that not, as with a stamping Operation, the bulges are formed in a correspondingly shaped cavity of the counter tool.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Further details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments shown schematically in the drawings. Show it:

1a is a perspective view,

1b is a plan view

Fig. 1c is a section along the line A-A of Fig. 1b, and

FIG. 1d a detail B of FIG. 1c on a larger scale of a component according to the invention;

2a is a perspective view of three cells on a component according to the invention in an enlarged compared to FIG. 1a representation, to which the

Fig. 2b provides a schematic view in which dished, higher Zeilbiegeränder dashed, whereas straight, lower Zeilbiegeränder are shown with solid lines; based on

Fig. 3a to 3c is to be explained on the basis of sectional views of the procedure according to the prior art and the inventive method, wherein Fig. 3a shows the undeformed flat material, Fig. 3b shows a cell-like deformation structure according to the prior art, and Fig. 3c illustrate a deformation structure prepared according to the invention;

Fig. 4 shows a possible type of press frame usable in the invention for incorporation of the structure field;

Fig. 5 shows schematically the process of a deep drawing main molding for the component with a simultaneous structural deformation in the region of the deep drawing tray;

Fig. 6 shows, on the basis of a slightly curved shape field structure, the pressing arrangement with an over an elastomeric plate pressure application and one with incorporated cavities according to the structure to be produced provided tool floor (the arrangement can also be reversed);

Fig. 7a illustrates an isometric view of a modular corner region structure of a form field structure tool, which can be integrated as a minor feature in preferably used deep drawing or ironing tools, including

7b is a side view from the left,

Fig. 7c is a plan view, and

Fig. 7d illustrates a side view from above.

Detailed description of the drawings

A produced deep-drawn component 1 (FIG. 1 a) has a smooth flange 2, while a structural field 4 itself, including the elevations of cell bending edges 14, is introduced into the flat material (sheet metal or plastic) in the form of a slightly raised side-molding element 3 during a deep-drawing operation. The deformation structure 4 preferably has the form of a periodic lattice of cells, for example hexagonal cells 5, arranged next to one another.

It should be noted that although the arrangement of hexagonal cells is preferred, the invention is by no means limited thereto. Because it is quite possible within the scope of the invention to provide instead of a continuous grid also on the deep-drawn bottom surface of the component 1 distributed individual, in particular cell-like deformations, although it is of course clear that in the illustrated complete grid, the stiffening effect is greater. Also, cells do not have to be hexagonal, but can also be triangles, rectangles, double trapezoids, rhomboids, and rhomboid, octagonal, with two opposite ones

Ridges stretched (ie asymmetric) hexagons etc. exist, and this with straight or curved edges that surround the wells. In doing so, aesthetically pleasing patterns can be achieved with curved bars. Combinations with differently shaped cells or bump edges are also possible.

Thus, while, as can be seen, the thermoforming tray contains the three-dimensional deformation structure 4, the material (sheet metal, it can also be plastics) remains in the thermoforming chamber. Flange 2 (due to the action of the tool holder) its flat shape. On the other hand, the built in the segments of the deep drawing tool sublimities lead to an increase in the Zeilbiegeränder 14th

In Fig. 2a and b three of the hexagonal cells 5 are shown contiguous and enlarged. The arrangement of the hexagonal cells is expedient, as is known from honeycombs, because usually the largest stiffening is achieved. The special feature of this embodiment is the structure of the individual cells. If, for example, a longitudinally oriented sheet metal workpiece, so usually the dia- gulalen Beulbegrenzungsstege in the longitudinal direction, the transverse webs are oriented at right angles to the longitudinal axis. The special design of the cell 5 shown in FIGS. 2a, 2b consists in the fact that the diagonal boundary webs or band bending edges 14 are provided with overhangs directed in the main shaping direction, ie with respect to the central surface 8 plus the proportionate material thickness 12 (FIG 2b), while the transverse webs 15 are lower and have no elevations (Fig. 2b), ie with the main surface 7 of the flat material complete. The excessive diagonal cell boundary webs thus form a line 16, namely a zigzag line, which extends over the entire structured field surface area of the workpiece 4 and can also be seen already in FIG. In general, the arrangement of these webs is arbitrary, preferably in line form, but produces the greatest effect in the zig-zag arrangement.

FIG. 3 a shows the position of the main surfaces 7, 9 of the flat material before the deformation, wherein the flat material has a central surface 8 and a material thickness 12.

With reference to the enlarged illustrations in FIGS. 3b and 3c, the effect achieved according to the invention compared with a sheet metal according to the prior art will now be illustrated. FIG. 3 b shows a deformation structure with a cell 5 in a flat material, which has the central area or center plane 8. The cell-like recess 5 is now designed so that the flat material from the central surface 8 in a single direction to form a cell recess 10 is arcuate. This recess 10 has a width 6 and a height 13. Its tangent forms the central surface 8 a relatively shallow angle α, so that the recess 10 can be relatively easily compressed upon exertion of pressure on them.

On the other hand, if the shape according to the invention according to FIG. 3c (where the flat material likewise has an upper and a lower main surface 7, 9) is compared with the shape according to the invention in FIG. cut expediently parabolic depression 10, it can be seen that the cell 5 has a relation to the central surface 8 outgoing raised Zeilbiegerand 14 (plus the proportionate material thickness 12), which has a height (11) at the maximum in the middle of the diagonal webs. Due to the longer formation of the cell 5 and its recess 10 delimiting wall results here (compared to the Fig. 3b) steeper tangent that extends at an angle ß to the central surface 8, and therefore also causes a stronger resistance to pressure.

The production of a locally limited deformation structure can be carried out in any desired manner, even by the rolling process known from DE-A1-197 50 576, but for the production of which the rolls must always be separated from one another. Moreover, because of the resulting sheet curvature, then a straightening process is required for straightening, with some of the stiffness gain being lost again. Furthermore, the rolling process limits a regularly paraboloidal buckling formation, which is advantageous for the purposes of this invention.

A C-press frame 21 in FIG. 4, by means of which the deformation structure according to the invention can be pressed into flat materials, is shown by way of example for a press operation applied with advantage according to the invention. This press has a lower part 25 on which a structural tool 24 is fixed in a known manner. About the structural tool 24 is a plate 23 of resilient, suitably elastic material of certain hardness, lowered onto the structural tool 24 to press the inserted between the tool and the plate 23 flat material with the main surface 9 against the structural tool 24. The elastomer plate 23 is held by a pressure plate carrier 22 on the C-frame 21 and acts on the main surface. 7

The interaction of the structural tool 24 with a compliant plate 23, instead of a rigid counter tool, causes the intervening sheet metal blank to contact the intersecting sheet metal blank first at the apices of the raised, preferably arcuate, band bending edges 14 (overbends) yielding, for example made of an elastomer plate 23 gets. Due to the surface pressure initiated there and the resulting friction, the material of the sheet is held in the edge region of a cell to be generated at these vertexes and initially concaves on these "overbows". Upon further collapse of the tool halves grows due to the flexibility of the elastomer plate 23 pressure in the middle of the cell. The result is that upon reaching a certain pressure of the plate 23 (generated by the further collapse of the tool holder), the bump-like cell from the concave state (due to the concern of the sheet at the overbends) jumps more or less spontaneously in the convex state. A further increase in pressure then only leads to the final shaping of the cell. The achievable depth of heeling depends on the thickness of the sheet and its strength properties.

In addition to simple (with an acting punch) acting presses, the method can also be applied in multi-acting pressing systems. By way of example, deep-drawing and stretch-drawing tool systems may be mentioned in which the structuring tool is integrated so that, in addition to the main shaping of the sheet, complete or partial structuring in the form according to the invention can be integrated. Fig. 5 illustrates such a deep-drawing process, in which deep-drawn and structured in the same operation. Shown is a pressure plate 23 which is fixed in a die 26. In the main shaping can be done so the pulling of the component. Position 3 shows the drawing bowl and position 2 the drawing flange.

6 illustrates that the individual plates 23 and structural tools 24 do not always have to be completely flat, but that even slightly curved flat materials can be provided with structuring in the manner shown. Under certain circumstances, however, the structuring tool can not be constructed from modular individual elements. Such a curved structure can not be produced by the roll patterning method.

The corner region of the structural tool 24 is illustrated with reference to FIGS. 7a to 7d. On a base plate 20 of the structural tool 24, the hexagonal shape according to Fig. 1a resulting, "single" modules attached, for example, screwed so that the modules are interchangeable, if required by wear or as a result of a transformation of the deformation structure. These individual modules comprise once such modules 17, which form the arcuate elevations of the edge zones of the bulge pattern, and those modules 18, which form the not exaggerated edge zones of the bulge pattern. But it is also possible to dispense with the individual modules and provide modules that include a whole Beulzelle. In addition, the entire structural shape field can be worked out of the full tool material. All modules are advantageously mounted by means of clamping plates (in plan view below) via mounting holes. 19 fastened on the tool base plate 20. In the plan view above, this clamping plate has been omitted for illustration.

It is understood that numerous modifications are possible in the context of the invention with regard to the shape of the modules or with respect to their arrangement, be it in terms of the shape of the cells or their arrangement.

For example, it is advantageous to equip the higher Beulbiegeränder the tool 17 with an outwardly or from the related to the material to be deformed middle surface 8 pointing away (which reduces the required pressing forces), as shown particularly in Figures 7, but could Also, any other shape can be selected, for example, a double bow od. Like. Generally, the arches of the bulge edges can also be directed inward, that is approximately concave, but this is not preferable. Bows may also be provided at the lower bowing edges of the tool 18, as long as their upper edge does not extend beyond the major surface 7, relative to the material being deformed. Such sheets may preferably be concave. Likewise, it would be conceivable to let the top edge ("top" relative to the representation in the figures) run obliquely to the center plane 8.

The cell recess 10 (FIG. 3c) may also have a flattening or upward pointing (counterbump). Likewise, the method of which a preferred embodiment has been described may be modified in a variety of ways. Thus, the position of the plates 23, 24 can be exchanged, so that approximately the plate 24 is at the top. In place of the elastomeric plate 23 - which is preferred - a non-compliant die plate with negative engraving to the plate 24 may also be used, but this is generally not cost effective.

It has also already been mentioned that various flat materials are suitable for structuring according to the invention, and besides sheets, natural and synthetic materials, papers and boards, it is also possible to structure composite materials and materials composed of different material types and thicknesses. Successful tests with thin sheets have already been carried out.

In addition to the stiffening effect of the mold structure according to the invention, components provided with this mold structure can be further deformed by utilizing the special geometry shape, which can further increase the stiffening effect. A particular variant of the invention may be that failure initiation sites are introduced into a component by the mold structure according to the invention, for example, to allow a component to buckle at a certain load, for example in order to enable energy absorption in the event of a strong pulse-like load.

Another special feature of the invention may be that a component after the main shaping, even after assembly, with appropriate tools (also pliers) can be provided with the inventive shape structure or with individual bumps.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A component (1) made of a flat material with a central surface (8) located between two main surfaces (7, 9) parallel to one another, wherein flat material is provided with a deformation structure (4), which in the manner of a pressing partially perpendicular to the central surface (8 ), characterized

(A) that at least a portion (5) of the sheet is provided with the deformation structure (4);

(b) that the deformation structure (4) consists of a lattice of contiguous, preferably at least approximately hexagonal, cells (5) in plan view, wherein the cells are in each case bounded by transverse cell edges (14) and (15) extending transversely to the central surface (8). and (c) a cell delimited by relatively higher (14) and lower cell bending edges (15)

(5) has a central depression (10) extending to the height (13), below the main surface (9), while the higher cell bending edges (14) extend to a height (11) above the central surface (8) and lower Cell bending edges (15) are formed substantially up to the height of a main surface (7).

2. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that the higher Zellbiegeränder meet at least one of the following conditions:

(a) when forming a grid of contiguous cells (5), the higher cell bending edges (14) run along one, preferably uninterrupted

Line (16) (Figure 1a);

(B) the higher Zellbiegeränder (14) are at least partially provided in side view or in section with an arcuate from the central surface (8) directed away curvature.

3. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recesses (10) at least in a partial region of the cells (5) as a concave, e.g. parabolic, bumps are executed on average.

4. A method for producing a component according to one of the preceding claims, in which in one of mutually parallel major surfaces (7, 9) delimited flat material of the thickness (12) has a deformation structure (4) in the form of cell-like, with Cell bender edges (14, 15) are introduced with the aid of deformation tools (24, FIGS. 5, 6 and 7), characterized in that the cells bounded by relatively higher (14) and lower cell bender edges (15) (5 ) have central depressions (10) extending up to the height (13), below the surface (9), while the higher cell bending edges (14) extend as far as the height (11) over the central surface (8) and the lower cell bending edges (15). are formed substantially to the height of a main surface (7), and that the recesses (10) and the Zellbiegeränder (14, 15) are formed substantially simultaneously.

5. A method of manufacturing a component according to any one of the preceding claims.-characterized in that the deformation structure (4) is integrated with respect to the central surface (8) in a main mold designed as a press, deep-drawing or stretch-drawing tool, so that the secondary shaping essentially in the same process step as the main shaping can take place.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that only in a partial region of the workpiece, the deformation structure (4) is introduced and that the deformation tools (24, Fig. 5, 6 and 7) are designed such that a portion of the deformation structure (4) or only a single cell (5) is formed.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressing force for generating the cells (5) and the grandeur of the Zellbiege- edges (14, 15) via at least one resilient, in particular elastic, surface

(23) is applied to the component (1), and that preferably the deformation tools (24, Figs. 5, 6 and 7) are attached to a substantially plate-shaped, e.g. 5) but also curved (FIG. 6), tool carriers are fixed, which, in a pressing process, bear against a substantially plate-shaped surface which lies opposite a yielding deformation tool

(23) is pressed. -

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structuring tools (24) on a support (20) of individual EIe- elements or modules (17, 18) are constructed.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a component or flat material, the deformation structure according to the invention (4) is generated with consecutive successive operations or in the form of several individual operations pressed Formfeldem.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a component or flat material with the deformation structure (4) according to the invention is further deformed.