EP2093304A1 - Armour for a vehicle - Google Patents
Armour for a vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2093304A1 EP2093304A1 EP09000747A EP09000747A EP2093304A1 EP 2093304 A1 EP2093304 A1 EP 2093304A1 EP 09000747 A EP09000747 A EP 09000747A EP 09000747 A EP09000747 A EP 09000747A EP 2093304 A1 EP2093304 A1 EP 2093304A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- max
- component
- steel alloy
- maximum
- steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/42—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for armour plate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the invention describes the use of a hardenable steel alloy for arming a vehicle with a hardened steel component and a hardened steel component for arming a vehicle.
- Civilian vehicles will be armored against bombardment with steel plates, whereby the ballistic protection must be ensured in all areas of the vehicle, especially in the area of welds.
- the armor should be as possible adapted to the vehicle interior, which can only be achieved by the shaping limits of ballistic steels are significantly expanded.
- the DE 10 2004 006 093 B3 proposes to make thermoforming and tool hardening applicable to ballistic purposes by disclosing a method for producing a three-dimensionally shaped armor component for vehicle bodies by producing hardened steel sheet shaped parts under thermal pretreatment of these steel plates.
- the heating rate and temperature are selected at least until the alloying-dependent austenitic or partially austenitic state is reached. This is followed by a press molding and optionally followed by a hardening or heat treatment of the molded armor components, wherein the hot forming and quenching of the steel blanks are carried out in one operation.
- the austenitized steel plate is reshaped within a maximum of 90 seconds by means of a pressing tool and the formed component is held in full-surface contact with the pressing tool, wherein the cooling of the formed component takes place in a closed pressing tool and the cooling of the formed component takes place in a closed pressing tool at a cooling rate, which corresponds at least to the material-specific critical cooling rate.
- the DE 10 2004 006 093 B3 discloses two embodiments wherein, in the first embodiment, a steel sheet having a thickness of 6.5 mm has the following content of alloying elements: 0.5% C; 1.1 to 1.3% Ni; 1.0 to 1.5% Si; 0.5 to 0.6% Mn or 0.1 to 0.5% Mo.
- a steel plate having a thickness of 6.5 mm has the following proportions of alloying elements: 0.25 to 0.4% C; 0.0 to 1.0% Ni; 0.2 to 0.4% Si; 0.0 to 2.0% Mn; 0.0 to 0.55% Mo and 0.0 to 1.1% Cr.
- the DE 197 43 802 C2 describes a method of making a metallic mold component for automotive components having regions of higher ductility.
- a board is provided of a steel alloy, which is in weight percent of carbon (C) from 0.18% to 0.3%; Silicon (Si) 0.1% to 0.7%; Manganese (Mn) 1.0% to 2.5%; Phosphorus (P) maximum 0.025%; Chromium (Cr) 0.1% to 0.8%; Molybdenum (Mo) 0.1% to 0.5%; Sulfur (S) maximum 0.01%; Titanium (Ti) 0.02% to 0.05%; Boron (B) 0.002% to 0.005%; Aluminum (AL) 0.01% to 0.06% and the balance iron including melting impurities.
- the named alloy is outstandingly suitable for thermoforming and hardening. For armor purposes However, the sheet thickness would have to be chosen so strong that the use of the alloy is less interesting for weight reasons.
- the DE 10 2005 014 298 B4 proposes a method for arming a vehicle with a hardened steel component, initially providing a board of uncured armor steel having a sheet thickness of 4 to 15 mm to produce the component, the component prior to final shaping to a temperature above the AC 3 point is heated to the alloy, the component heated by AC 3 in a press tool in the final shape and simultaneously cured while remaining in the press tool and wherein the component is installed without further forming step in the vehicle for armor.
- a steel alloy for armor steel which has a composition of 0.2 to 0.4% carbon in terms of weight percent has proved to be particularly advantageous. 0.3 to 0.8% silicon; 1.0 to 2.5% manganese; Max. 0.02% phosphorus; Max. 0.02% sulfur; Max. 0.05% aluminum; Max.
- the steel alloy has a hardness of up to 580 HV30.
- the DE 10 2005 014 298 B4 further discloses that the method of thermoforming with tool hardening results in the desired ballistic properties only if the finished components have significantly higher hardnesses than conventional steels used previously. This means that the steel must be generally recoverable and at the same time have a high level of through hardenability.
- thermoforming steels It was therefore a material to develop, on the one hand has excellent through hardenability as conventional thermoforming steels, and on the other hand has a high hardness in the final state as conventional ballistic steels.
- the hardenability can be improved with elements such as manganese, molybdenum and chromium.
- a high hardness can be adjusted, for example, with the elements carbon, silicon and tungsten. Especially tungsten forms very hard carbides and increases the tensile strength, yield strength and toughness.
- the US 5, 458, 704 A shows a hot rolled armor steel which is 0.25 to 0.32% C; 0.05 to 0.75% Si; 0.10 to 1.50% Mn; 0.90 to 2.00% Cr; 0.10 to 0.70% Mo; 1.20 to 4.50% Ni; 0.01 to 0.08% Al; max 0.015% P; max 0.005% S; max 0.012% N; Contains residual iron and impurities caused by melting.
- This steel is intended for armor with a wall thickness of 50 mm and more.
- hardened, low-alloy special steels which are supplied as a hardened flat plate are known from the prior art. Due to the high hardness and the resulting low formability no complex shaped components can be produced. Furthermore, the ballistic properties are lost when welding several smaller pieces of these steels in the heat affected zone, so these steels are mechanically bonded. The steels are relatively cheap, but can hardly be deformed.
- a hardenable steel alloy for arming a vehicle with a component made of hardened steel according to the features of claim 1.
- a steel alloy is used, which is expressed in weight percent composed of: 0.35 to 0.55% carbon 0.1 to 2.5% silicon 0.3 to 2.5% manganese Max. 0.05% phosphorus Max. 0.01% sulfur Max. 0.08% aluminum Max. 0.5% copper 0.1 to 2.0% chrome max 3.0% nickel max 1.0% molybdenum max 2.0% cobalt 0.001 to 0.005% boron 0.01 to 0.08 niobium Max. 0.4% vanadium Max. 0.02% nitrogen Max. 0.2% titanium
- the steel grade mentioned performs well when stopping P80 hard core ammunition of the bullet class PM7.
- projectiles with a diameter of 7.62 mm and a sleeve length of 51 mm must be stopped with a P80 hard core from the armor.
- the wall thickness of the armor should be as small as possible for weight reasons.
- the steel according to the invention is capable of stopping the very hard cores of armor piercing ammunition. As a result, the necessary material thickness for breaking, for example, P80 projectiles compared to softer steels can be reduced.
- the wall thickness for the bombardment class PM7 is approximately 9 to 10 mm in the case of the steel alloy according to the invention.
- the steel grade has a ductility sufficient for the required energy consumption and at the same time high hardness.
- the steel grade according to the invention has a relatively low density, which is comparable to conventional tempering steels. It is comparatively cheap.
- the steel grade can also be used in higher impact classes than PM7. Moreover, the steel grade can also be used for arming vehicles against soft core projectiles. For this, the wall thickness is reduced.
- the steel grade according to the invention is hot rolled in the steel mill. Following this hot rolling process, the steel can still be hardened in the rolling mill as a panel by quenching. It is therefore quite possible to use the steel grade as a hardened flat plate. Form operations are then only possible to a limited extent. Individual parts would have to be laser cut from the flat plate and connected to each other.
- the hot rolled strip is used in the soft state.
- cold forming may still be possible.
- the board is made of the invention
- Steel alloy can be formed and hardened by hot forming and tool hardening.
- the board or preformed component is heated to a temperature above the AC 3 point of the alloy, and then the AC 3 heated component is reshaped in a press tool while being cured while remaining in the press tool. It is not necessary that the curing is carried out up to the martensite finish temperature in the mold. It may also be sufficient if the curing has progressed so far that no or only a negligible delay occurs when opening the tool. Cooling to room temperature can then also take place in the opened tool or outside the tool. As a result, complex components with good dimensional accuracy are possible. Consequently, the number of necessary welds is also reduced.
- the steel grade can be tempered after hardening.
- a steel grade is used, which is expressed in weight percent composed of: 0.40 to 0.44% carbon 0.1 to 0.5% silicon 0.5 to 1.2% manganese Max. 0.02% phosphorus Max. 0.005% sulfur Max. 0.05% aluminum Max. 0.2% copper 0.3 to 0.8% chrome 1.0 to 2.5% nickel 0.2 to 0.6% molybdenum 0.5 to 2.0% cobalt 0.0015 to 0.005% boron 0.02 to 0.05 niobium Max. 0.4% vanadium Max. 0.015% nitrogen 0.01 to 0.05% titanium
- This steel composition after hardening, has a hardness> 610 HB and a tensile strength> 2100 MPa, which gives the steel grade a very good blasting performance.
- a wall thickness of the finished hardened component of 9.5 mm is necessary.
- the steel alloy is also suitable for stopping other ammunition. Through the wall thickness, both the requirements of lower and higher fire classes can be met.
- the steel alloy expressed in terms of weight percent is composed of: 0.40 to 0.44% carbon 1.0 to 2.5% silicon 0.3 to 0.8% manganese Max. 0.02% phosphorus Max. 0.005% sulfur Max. 0.05% aluminum Max. 0.2% copper 1.1 to 1.5% chrome Max. 1.5% nickel Max. 0.5% molybdenum Max. 1.0% cobalt 0.0015 to 0.004% boron 0.02 to 0.04 niobium 0.01 to 0.015% vanadium Max. 0.015% nitrogen Max. 0.05% titanium
- This embodiment achieves a hardness> 600 HB and tensile strengths> 2000 MPa. With silicon, this variant is relatively cheap with good performance.
- the required sheet thickness for the impact class PM7 is 9.8 mm. This sheet thickness can also Thermoforming and tool hardening are reliably and accurately shaped and hardened.
- the use according to the invention of the steel alloy allows shaping by thermoforming and distortion-free hardening by remaining in the tool, it is possible to produce such high degrees of deformation and dimensionally true components that the component has shaped regions with a bending angle of> 4 °.
- the component may already be part of the structural components of the vehicle body itself, for example an A or B pillar. Thus, any additional armor could be omitted for these structural components.
- the armor is equally well formed along the entire form of the structural component, welds are reduced to a minimum.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung beschreibt die Verwendung einer härtbaren Stahllegierung zum Panzern eines Fahrzeugs mit einem Bauteil aus gehärtetem Stahl sowie ein gehärtetes Bauteil aus Stahl zur Panzerung eines Fahrzeugs.The invention describes the use of a hardenable steel alloy for arming a vehicle with a hardened steel component and a hardened steel component for arming a vehicle.
Zivile Fahrzeuge werden gegen Beschuss mit Stahlplatten gepanzert, wobei der ballistische Schutz in allen Bereichen des Fahrzeugs, insbesondere auch im Bereich von Schweißnähten gewährleistet sein muss. Darüber hinaus soll die Panzerung möglichst dem Fahrzeuginnenraum angepasst sein, was nur dadurch erreicht werden kann, dass die Formgebungsgrenzen von ballistischen Stählen deutlich erweitert werden.Civilian vehicles will be armored against bombardment with steel plates, whereby the ballistic protection must be ensured in all areas of the vehicle, especially in the area of welds. In addition, the armor should be as possible adapted to the vehicle interior, which can only be achieved by the shaping limits of ballistic steels are significantly expanded.
Aus der
Die
Die
Die
Die
Oft wird bei Angriffen auf Fahrzeuge panzerbrechende Munition verwendet. Dabei handelt es sich um Hartkerngeschosse mit einem Kern hoher Härte. Panzerungen aus Stahl sind darauf ausgelegt, den Kern solcher Hartkerngeschosse zu brechen, das heißt zu zersplittern. Dabei sind zum Brechen des Kerns und damit zum Stoppen dieser Munition Stähle mit hoher Härte notwendig. Solche Stähle haben typischerweise eine Härte um die 600 HB und eine Zugfestigkeit um 2000 MPa. Liegen die Härte- und Festigkeitswerte deutlich niedriger, können Hartkerngeschosse nur noch durch Verformung der Panzerung und nicht durch Brechen des Kerns aufgehalten werden. Dann jedoch würde eine Stahlpanzerung so dick werden, dass ihr Einsatz aus Gewichtsgründen uninteressant wäre.Often armor-piercing ammunition is used in attacks on vehicles. These are hard core bullets with a core of high hardness. Steel armor is designed to break, ie shatter, the core of such hard core projectiles. It is necessary to break the core and thus to stop this ammunition steels with high hardness. Such steels typically have a hardness around 600 HB and a tensile strength around 2000 MPa. If the hardness and strength values are significantly lower, hard core bullets can only be stopped by deformation of the armor and not by breaking the core. But then a steel armor would be so thick that their use would be uninteresting for weight reasons.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind zum einen gehärtete, niedriglegierte Sonderstähle, die als gehärtete Flachplatte geliefert werden, bekannt. Aufgrund der hohen Härte und der dadurch bedingten geringen Umformbarkeit können keine komplex geformten Bauteile hergestellt werden. Des Weiteren verliert man die ballistischen Eigenschaften beim Schweißen mehrere kleinerer Stücke dieser Stähle in der Wärmeeinflusszone, daher werden diese Stähle mechanisch verbunden. Die Stähle sind verhältnismäßig günstig, können aber kaum verformt werden.On the one hand, hardened, low-alloy special steels which are supplied as a hardened flat plate are known from the prior art. Due to the high hardness and the resulting low formability no complex shaped components can be produced. Furthermore, the ballistic properties are lost when welding several smaller pieces of these steels in the heat affected zone, so these steels are mechanically bonded. The steels are relatively cheap, but can hardly be deformed.
Zum anderen gibt es hochlegierte Maragingstähle. Diese Stähle werden im weichen Zustand geformt und danach über mehrere Stunden bei Temperaturen um 800° C ausgelagert. Der Härtungsmechanismus beruht auf Ausscheidungshärtung. Aufgrund der hohen Anteile von Nickel, Kobalt, Molybdän und Titan sind diese Stähle teuer. Die Maragingstähle sind im weichen Zustand gut formbar, haben aber eine hohe Dichte durch schwere Legierungselemente, ein oft sprödes Verhalten und verziehen sich beim Auslagern oder Härten von geformten Bauteilen, da diese nicht in einem Werkzeuggesenk gehalten werden.On the other hand, there are high-alloyed maraging steels. These steels are shaped in a soft state and then aged over several hours at temperatures around 800 ° C. The hardening mechanism is based on precipitation hardening. Due to the high levels of nickel, cobalt, molybdenum and titanium, these steels are expensive. The maraging steels are well malleable in the soft state, but have a high density by heavy alloying elements, often brittle behavior and warp when outsourcing or curing of molded components, as they are not held in a die die.
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, die Formgebungsgrenzen ballistischer Stähle zu erweitern, um eine Panzerung herzustellen, die dem Fahrzeuginnenraum besser angepasst ist, indem ein gut warmformbarer und gut werkzeughärtbarer Panzerstahl aufgezeigt wird.Starting from this prior art it is an object of the invention to extend the forming limits of ballistic steels to produce an armor, which is better adapted to the vehicle interior, by a good thermoformable and well tool hardenable armor steel is shown.
Diese Aufgabe löst die Erfindung mit der Verwendung einer härtbaren Stahllegierung zum Panzern eines Fahrzeugs mit einem Bauteil aus gehärtetem Stahl gemäß den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1. Erfindungsgemäß wird eine Stahllegierung eingesetzt, die sich ausgedrückt in Gewichtsprozent zusammensetzt aus:
Rest Eisen und erschmelzungsbedingte Verunreinigungen. Im gehärteten Zustand besitzt dieser Stahl eine Härte > 580 HB und eine Festigkeit > 1800 MPa. Trotz der hohen Härte und Festigkeitswerte liegen die Dehnungswerte bei A5 > 8 %. Die Kerbschlagarbeit beträgt bei 10 mm mal 10 mm Charpy- V Proben W > 15 J. Der Kohlenstoffanteil dient dem Erreichen der entsprechenden Härte bei der Umwandlung von Austenit zu Martensit während der Härtung. Mangan ist ein günstiges Element zur Erhöhung der Festigkeit und Erhöhung der Durchhärtbarkeit. Zudem begünstigt es die Schweißbarkeit. Niedrige Gehalte an Verunreinigungen (zum Beispiel Phosphor, Schwefel und Kupfer) bewirken eine hohe Reinheit der Korngrenzen. Molybdän dient der Verbesserung der Festigkeit und erhöht die Anlassbeständigkeit. Chrom fördert die Härtbarkeit, Nickel erhöht die Zähigkeit und verbessert ebenfalls die Härtbarkeit. Kobalt hebt die Martensitstarttemperatur und Bor ist notwendig für die Durchhärtbarkeit.Remaining iron and impurities caused by melting. When hardened, this steel has a hardness> 580 HB and a strength> 1800 MPa. Despite the high hardness and strength values, the elongation values at A 5 are > 8%. The notch impact energy at 10 mm by 10 mm is Charpy-V samples W> 15 J. The carbon content serves to achieve the corresponding hardness during the transformation of austenite to martensite during curing. Manganese is a beneficial element for increasing strength and increasing through-hardenability. In addition, it favors the weldability. Low levels of impurities (for example phosphorus, sulfur and copper) result in high purity of the grain boundaries. Molybdenum is used improving the strength and increasing the tempering resistance. Chromium promotes hardenability, nickel increases toughness and also improves hardenability. Cobalt raises the martensite start temperature and boron is necessary for through hardenability.
Die genannte Stahlsorte zeigt beispielsweise gute Leistungen beim Stoppen von P80 Hartkernmunition der Beschussklasse PM7. Zum Erreichen der Beschussklasse PM7 müssen Geschosse mit einem Durchmesser von 7,62 mm und einer Hülsenlänge von 51 mm mit einem P80 Hartkern von der Panzerung aufgehalten werden. Die Wanddicke der Panzerung sollte aus Gewichtsgründen dabei möglichst gering sein. Der erfindungsgemäße Stahl ist in der Lage, die sehr harten Kerne von panzerbrechender Munition zu stoppen. Dadurch kann die notwendige Materialdicke zum Brechen von beispielsweise P80 Geschosse gegenüber weicheren Stählen verringert werden. Die Wanddicke für die Beschussklasse PM7 liegt bei der erfindungsgemäßen Stahllegierung etwa zwischen 9 und 10 mm. Die Stahlsorte weist eine zum benötigten Energieverzehr hinreichende Duktilität bei gleichzeitig hoher Härte auf. Die erfindungsgemäße Stahlsorte hat eine relativ geringe Dichte, die mit üblichen Vergütungsstählen vergleichbar ist. Sie ist vergleichsweise günstig.The steel grade mentioned, for example, performs well when stopping P80 hard core ammunition of the bullet class PM7. To reach the bullet class PM7, projectiles with a diameter of 7.62 mm and a sleeve length of 51 mm must be stopped with a P80 hard core from the armor. The wall thickness of the armor should be as small as possible for weight reasons. The steel according to the invention is capable of stopping the very hard cores of armor piercing ammunition. As a result, the necessary material thickness for breaking, for example, P80 projectiles compared to softer steels can be reduced. The wall thickness for the bombardment class PM7 is approximately 9 to 10 mm in the case of the steel alloy according to the invention. The steel grade has a ductility sufficient for the required energy consumption and at the same time high hardness. The steel grade according to the invention has a relatively low density, which is comparable to conventional tempering steels. It is comparatively cheap.
Mit einer größeren Wanddicke kann die Stahlsorte auch in höheren Beschussklassen als PM7 eingesetzt werden. Im übrigen kann die Stahlsorte auch zum Panzern von Fahrzeugen gegen Weichkerngeschosse eingesetzt werden. Dazu wird die Wanddicke verringert.With a larger wall thickness, the steel grade can also be used in higher impact classes than PM7. Moreover, the steel grade can also be used for arming vehicles against soft core projectiles. For this, the wall thickness is reduced.
Die erfindungsgemäße Stahlsorte wird im Stahlwerk warm gewalzt. Anschließend an diesen Warmwalzprozess kann der Stahl noch im Walzwerk als Tafel durch Abschrecken gehärtet werden. Es ist daher gut möglich, die Stahlsorte als gehärtete Flachplatte einzusetzen. Formoperationen sind dann allerdings nur noch eingeschränkt möglich. Einzelne Teile müssten aus der Flachplatte lasergeschnitten und miteinander verbunden werden.The steel grade according to the invention is hot rolled in the steel mill. Following this hot rolling process, the steel can still be hardened in the rolling mill as a panel by quenching. It is therefore quite possible to use the steel grade as a hardened flat plate. Form operations are then only possible to a limited extent. Individual parts would have to be laser cut from the flat plate and connected to each other.
Bevorzugt wird daher das warm gewalzte Band im weichen Zustand verwendet. Bei einer im ungehärteten Zustand aus dem Band entnommenen Platine ist gegebenenfalls noch ein Kaltformen möglich. Gleichzeitig ist die Platine aus der erfindungsgemäßen Stahllegierung durch Warmformen und Werkzeughärten gut form- und härtbar. Für den Warmformprozess wird die Platine oder das vorgeformte Bauteil vor dem letzten Umformschritt auf eine Temperatur über den AC3 Punkt der Legierung erhitzt und dann das über AC3 erhitzte Bauteil in einem Pressenwerkzeug umgeformt und gleichzeitig unter Verbleib in dem Pressenwerkzeug gehärtet. Dabei ist es nicht notwendig, dass die Härtung bis zur Martensitfinishtemperatur im Werkzeug durchgeführt wird. Es kann auch genügen, wenn die Härtung soweit fortgeschritten ist, dass kein oder nur noch ein vernachlässigbarer Verzug beim Öffnen des Werkzeugs eintritt. Ein Abkühlen auf Raumtemperatur kann dann auch im geöffneten Werkzeug oder außerhalb des Werkzeugs stattfinden. Dadurch sind komplex geformte Bauteile mit guter Maßhaltigkeit möglich. Folglich wird auch die Anzahl von notwendigen Schweißnähten verringert. Die Stahlsorte kann nach dem Härten angelassen werden.Preferably, therefore, the hot rolled strip is used in the soft state. In the case of a circuit board removed from the strip in the unhardened state, cold forming may still be possible. At the same time, the board is made of the invention Steel alloy can be formed and hardened by hot forming and tool hardening. For the thermoforming process, prior to the final forming step, the board or preformed component is heated to a temperature above the AC 3 point of the alloy, and then the AC 3 heated component is reshaped in a press tool while being cured while remaining in the press tool. It is not necessary that the curing is carried out up to the martensite finish temperature in the mold. It may also be sufficient if the curing has progressed so far that no or only a negligible delay occurs when opening the tool. Cooling to room temperature can then also take place in the opened tool or outside the tool. As a result, complex components with good dimensional accuracy are possible. Consequently, the number of necessary welds is also reduced. The steel grade can be tempered after hardening.
In einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel wird eine Stahlsorte verwendet, die sich ausgedrückt in Gewichtsprozent zusammensetzt aus:
Rest Eisen und erschmelzungsbedingte Verunreinigungen. Diese Stahlzusammensetzung erreicht nach dem Härten eine Härte > 610 HB und eine Zugfestigkeit > 2100 MPa, dadurch hat die Stahlsorte eine sehr gute Beschussperformance. Somit ist für die Beschussklasse PM 7 (7,62 x 51 mm P80 Hartkern) nur eine Wanddicke des fertigen gehärteten Bauteils von 9,5 mm notwendig. Die Stahllegierung eignet sich jedoch auch zum Stoppen anderer Munition. Über die Wanddicke können sowohl die Anforderungen niedrigerer als auch höherer Beschussklassen erfüllt werden.Remaining iron and impurities caused by melting. This steel composition, after hardening, has a hardness> 610 HB and a tensile strength> 2100 MPa, which gives the steel grade a very good blasting performance. Thus, for the bullet class PM 7 (7.62 x 51 mm P80 hard core) only a wall thickness of the finished hardened component of 9.5 mm is necessary. However, the steel alloy is also suitable for stopping other ammunition. Through the wall thickness, both the requirements of lower and higher fire classes can be met.
In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel setzt sich die Stahllegierung ausgedrückt in Gewichtsprozent zusammen aus:
Rest Eisen und erschmelzungsbedingte Verunreinigungen. Dieses Ausführungsbeispiel erreicht eine Härte > 600 HB und Zugfestigkeiten > 2000 MPa. Durch Silizium ist diese Variante bei guter Performance relativ günstig. Die notwendige Blechdicke für die Beschussklasse PM7 beträgt 9,8 mm. Auch diese Blechdicke kann durch Warmformen und Werkzeughärtung prozesssicher und maßgetreu geformt und gehärtet werden.Remaining iron and impurities caused by melting. This embodiment achieves a hardness> 600 HB and tensile strengths> 2000 MPa. With silicon, this variant is relatively cheap with good performance. The required sheet thickness for the impact class PM7 is 9.8 mm. This sheet thickness can also Thermoforming and tool hardening are reliably and accurately shaped and hardened.
Aufgrund dessen, dass die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung der Stahllegierung eine Formgebung durch Warmformen und eine verzugsfreie Härtung durch den Verbleib im Werkzeug ermöglicht, können so hohe Umformgrade und derart maßgetreue Bauteile hergestellt werden, dass das Bauteil geformte Bereiche mit einem Biegewinkel > 4° aufweist. Das Bauteil kann bereits ein Teil der Strukturbauteile der Fahrzeugkarosserie selbst sein, zum Beispiel eine A- oder B- Säule. Damit würde für diese Strukturbauteile jedwede zusätzliche Panzerung entfallen können. Die Panzerung ist entlang der gesamten Form des Strukturbauteils gleichmäßig gut ausgebildet, Schweißnähte werden auf ein Minimum reduziert.Due to the fact that the use according to the invention of the steel alloy allows shaping by thermoforming and distortion-free hardening by remaining in the tool, it is possible to produce such high degrees of deformation and dimensionally true components that the component has shaped regions with a bending angle of> 4 °. The component may already be part of the structural components of the vehicle body itself, for example an A or B pillar. Thus, any additional armor could be omitted for these structural components. The armor is equally well formed along the entire form of the structural component, welds are reduced to a minimum.
Claims (11)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass eine Stahllegierung eingesetzt wird, die sich ausgedrückt in Gewichtsprozent zusammensetzt aus:
characterized,
that a steel alloy is used, expressed in weight percent composed of:
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass zur Herstellung des Bauteils aus gehärtetem Stahl zunächst eine Platine aus ungehärtetem Panzerstahl bereitgestellt wird, dass aus dieser Platine in einem oder mehreren Schritten ein Bauteil geformt wird, dass das Bauteil vor dem letzten Umformschritt auf eine Temperatur über den AC3 Punkt der Legierung erhitzt wird und dass das über AC3 erhitzte Bauteil in einem Pressenwerkzeug umgeformt und gleichzeitig unter Verbleib in dem Pressenwerkzeug gehärtet wird.Use of a steel alloy according to claim 1,
characterized,
in that firstly a hardened steel board is provided for producing the hardened steel component, that component is formed from this board in one or more steps such that the component is heated above the AC 3 point of the alloy prior to the last forming step and that the AC heated component 3 is formed in a press tool and simultaneously cured while remaining in the press tool.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Bauteil nach dem Härteprozess angelassen wird.Use of a steel alloy according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the component is tempered after the hardening process.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass sich die Stahllegierung ausgedrückt in Gewichtsprozent zusammensetzt aus:
characterized,
that the steel alloy expressed in weight percent is composed of:
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass sich die Stahllegierung ausgedrückt in Gewichtsprozent zusammensetzt aus:
characterized,
that the steel alloy expressed in weight percent is composed of:
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Bauteil aus einer Stahllegierung besteht, die sich in Gewichtsprozent ausgedrückt zusammensetzt aus
characterized,
that the component consists of a steel alloy, which is composed in terms of weight percent composed
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Bauteil aus einer Stahllegierung besteht, die sich in Gewichtsprozent ausgedrückt zusammensetzt aus
characterized,
that the component consists of a steel alloy, which is composed in terms of weight percent composed
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Bauteil aus einer Stahllegierung besteht, die sich in Gewichtsprozent ausgedrückt zusammensetzt aus
characterized,
that the component consists of a steel alloy, which is composed in terms of weight percent composed
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Bauteil ein Teil der Strukturbauteile der Fahrzeugkarosserie selbst ist.Component according to one of the preceding claims 6 to 8,
characterized,
that the component is a part of the structural components of the vehicle body itself.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Bauteil geformte Bereiche mit einem Biegewinkel > 4° aufweist.Component according to one of the preceding claims 6 to 9,
characterized,
that the component shaped portions having a bending angle of> 4 °.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Bauteil nach dem Härten angelassen worden ist.Component according to one of the preceding claims 6 to 10,
characterized,
that the component has been tempered after hardening.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE200810010168 DE102008010168B4 (en) | 2008-02-20 | 2008-02-20 | Armor for a vehicle |
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EP2093304A1 true EP2093304A1 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
Family
ID=40615132
Family Applications (1)
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EP09000747A Withdrawn EP2093304A1 (en) | 2008-02-20 | 2009-01-21 | Armour for a vehicle |
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EP (1) | EP2093304A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102008010168B4 (en) |
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EP2341156A1 (en) * | 2010-01-04 | 2011-07-06 | Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH | Use of a steel alloy in a hot-forming and press-hardening |
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US20150361534A1 (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2015-12-17 | Komatsu Ltd. | Steel for tracked undercarriage component, and track link |
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