EP2091411A2 - Sensor device and sensor system - Google Patents
Sensor device and sensor systemInfo
- Publication number
- EP2091411A2 EP2091411A2 EP07846610A EP07846610A EP2091411A2 EP 2091411 A2 EP2091411 A2 EP 2091411A2 EP 07846610 A EP07846610 A EP 07846610A EP 07846610 A EP07846610 A EP 07846610A EP 2091411 A2 EP2091411 A2 EP 2091411A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- sensor device
- devices
- signals
- adjacent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
- A61B5/6814—Head
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
- A61B5/0004—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by the type of physiological signal transmitted
- A61B5/0006—ECG or EEG signals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/291—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electroencephalography [EEG]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
- A61B2560/0462—Apparatus with built-in sensors
- A61B2560/0468—Built-in electrodes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/22—Arrangements of medical sensors with cables or leads; Connectors or couplings specifically adapted for medical sensors
- A61B2562/221—Arrangements of sensors with cables or leads, e.g. cable harnesses
- A61B2562/222—Electrical cables or leads therefor, e.g. coaxial cables or ribbon cables
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sensor device according to the preamble of claim 1, 10, 13 or 18 and a sensor system with a plurality of such sensor devices.
- the present invention is concerned with sensor devices for in particular only external attachment to the human and / or animal body.
- the sensor devices have sensor elements for detecting physical properties of the human or animal body.
- the values detected by the sensor elements or values derived therefrom - hereinafter referred to collectively as "sensor signals" - are transmitted wirelessly to a receiving device for further processing, display, (further) evaluation, storage or the like.
- sensor signals for example, EEG, ECG, EOG or EMG signals can be detected.
- sensor devices can basically be used to detect any type of physical quantities or measured values of the human or animal body.
- the present invention is particularly concerned with sensor devices, each having a sensor element and an associated transmission device for wireless transmission of the sensor signals to the receiving device, wherein the preferably replaceable sensor element and the transmission device form a construction or handling unit.
- the individual sensor devices can be used autonomously.
- a sensor system with a plurality of sensor devices which transmit sensor signals wirelessly.
- the sensor devices each have a sensory component as a sensor element and an electronic component with a transmission device for the wireless transmission of sensor signals.
- the sensor signals are wirelessly transmitted to receiver modules associated with a particular medical device.
- the signal evaluation is preferably carried out in the medical device.
- the sensor devices can be provided with position sensors in order to be able to determine whether the sensor devices are in their operating position, for example on the body of a patient or the like.
- these position sensors are designed as mechanical buttons, but can also determine without contact the correct distance or contact or the correct position.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a sensor device and a sensor system with a plurality of sensor devices, with a simple and / or particularly universal usability is possible and / or measurement errors or application errors in measurements, especially of bio-potentials on the human and / or animal body better avoided can.
- the sensor device in addition to the transmission device on a connecting device for wired and / or electrical connection with an adjacent, in particular similar sensor device.
- the connecting device allows an electrical coupling of adjacent sensor devices during their use or after their attachment to the human or animal body, in particular if the sensor device are arranged at a distance from one another or distributed. This makes it very easy to electrically connect the sensor devices to each other.
- the transmission of the sensor signals to the (common or central) receiving device takes place wirelessly by means of the transmission device (s).
- the electrical connection of the adjacent sensor devices allows, in particular, a common reference potential for potential measurements, such as in the use of electrodes as sensor elements or in EEG, ECG, EOG or EMG measurements and / or in the derivation of particular acoustically evoked potentials , continuous surveillance or the like. be performed.
- the direct connection of adjacent sensor devices can also be used for signal or data exchange.
- it can be detected and / or monitored whether coupled sensor devices - in particular pairs of sensor devices - work properly, have correct contact with the human or animal body or the like. This is particularly important in biopotential measurements with electrodes as sensor elements to detect and evaluate differential voltages between the individual detected by the electrodes potentials.
- a second aspect, which can also be implemented independently, of the present invention is that the sensor devices have a position detection device for detecting their position relative to one another.
- a position detection is important for the direct assignment of the sensor devices to each other.
- a proposed sensor system or its receiving device automatically detects, verifies and / or evaluates a specific arrangement or interconnection of the sensor devices - particularly preferably for unipolar or bipolar derivative of potentials. This allows a significant improvement in the security when using the proposed sensor devices or the proposed sensor system. In particular, so faulty circuits or incorrect wiring or the like can be avoided and accordingly errors can be avoided.
- each sensor device forms a construction or at least handling unit. This allows a very simple handling, the attachment and the connection or the preparation of connections are much easier.
- the sensor elements are preferably connected both mechanically and electrically to the respective sensor device. - A -
- the sensor elements are preferably interchangeable or replaceable and are particularly preferably designed or used as disposable articles.
- a third, independently realizable aspect of the invention as an alternative or in addition to the preferably only passively operating sensor elements, actively operating sensor elements or other active devices - in particular for generating an evoked signal in the respective patient - with the sensor devices - preferably both mechanically and electrically - coupled, particularly preferably with a corresponding generator and / or amplifier device or the like of the respective sensor device.
- the reference potential for potential measurements of the sensor devices can be controlled or regulated by a sensor device.
- the proposed sensor device is designed such that either a control or regulation of the reference potential takes place or not.
- the control or regulation of the reference potential of the individual sensor devices can therefore be switched off and switched on and / or activated as required and / or remotely controlled. This is a universal applicability conducive, allows easy handling and / or can avoid measurement errors.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a proposed sensor system with proposed sensor devices in a first arrangement on a human body.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation, corresponding to FIG. 1, of the proposed sensor system with the proposed sensor devices in a second arrangement on the human body
- FIG. 3 shows a block diagram-like sectional view of a sensor device with a first sensor element
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram-like sectional view of a sensor device with a second sensor element.
- FIG. 1 shows a proposed sensor system with several proposed sensor devices 1, which are attached in a first arrangement on the outside of a human or animal body 2, here a head.
- the sensor devices 1 preferably have a fastening device B which is integrated as required (here in particular a suction cup, an adhesive element or the like) or can be fastened to the body 2 in the desired manner by external means, for example a gel, a plaster or the like.
- the attachment or attachment of the sensor device 1 is preferably carried out only on the outside of the body 2. Basically, however, any other attachment is possible.
- FIG. 2 shows, in a representation corresponding to FIG. 1, a different arrangement of the sensor devices 1 on the body 2.
- FIG. 3 shows a single sensor device 1 in a sectional or block diagram-like, likewise schematic representation.
- the sensor device 1 has a sensor element 3, which is designed in particular as an electrode.
- the sensor element 3 forms a passive component.
- an active element can also be used as the sensor element 3.
- the sensor element 3 is preferably connected or connectable to the sensor device 1 both mechanically and electrically.
- the sensor element 3 can be detached or replaced by the sensor device 1.
- the sensor element 3 is a disposable article, which is preferably replaced or replaced after each use.
- the sensor device 1 has a transmission device 4 for wireless transmission - as indicated by waves W in the figures - of sensor signals to a receiving device 5 of the proposed sensor system or the like.
- the transmission device 4 can transmit the sensor signals in the aforementioned sense - ie signals of the associated sensor element 3 or derived, processed or processed signals - without wires.
- the wireless transmission takes place in particular according to a customary standard, such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, GSM, DECT, in particular a corresponding application profile, or the like, preferably therefore by radio and / or in any other suitable manner.
- a customary standard such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, GSM, DECT, in particular a corresponding application profile, or the like, preferably therefore by radio and / or in any other suitable manner.
- the receiving device 5 is not in any mechanical or line contact with the individual sensor devices 1 like. Furthermore, a galvanic separation of the patient or sensor devices 1 on the one hand and the receiving device 5 or other devices connected thereto on the other hand is achieved.
- the receiving device 5 is designed for wireless reception of the sensor signals. It may be a single receiving device 5, as preferably provided, or a plurality of receiving devices 5 are used.
- the receiving device 5 is used in addition to the reception of the sensor signals in particular also a display, processing, evaluation, storage, forwarding and / or the like of the sensor signals.
- a display 6 or the like is connected to the receiving device 5, as indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the sensor devices 1 are preferably designed such that the sensor signals emitted by them are universally receivable, detectable or evaluable by various receiving devices 5. This permits a very universal use of the sensor devices 1.
- the sensor devices 1 once attached to the body 2 can also be used during various stages of treatment, during transport, during hospitalization, during the operation, subsequently in the intensive care unit and / or at the other Aftercare can be used without change.
- the sensor device 1 preferably has in each case an amplifier device 7, a power supply device 8, a position detection device 9 and / or a connection device 10.
- the amplifier device 7 provides the amplified or processed signals as sensor signals which can then be transmitted wirelessly by the transmission device 4.
- the amplifier device 7 or the sensor device 1 may also contain a memory or the like in order to be able to store the measured and / or processed signals, in particular up to a transmission to the receiving device 5.
- the energy supply device 8 serves the preferably exclusive power or energy supply of the respective sensor device 1 and has, in particular, an energy store, such as an accumulator or a battery.
- the energy supply device 8 or the energy storage device is wireless, particularly preferably inductive, rechargeable.
- the position detection device 9 is designed for the particularly active detection of the position of the sensor device 1, preferably relative to an adjacent sensor device 1. Further relevant details and design options will be explained later.
- the position detection device 9 can also be designed for the passive detection of the position, in particular as a marking with defined properties, such as a defined color, shape, defined reflectivity or the like.
- the connecting device 10 is preferably designed for the cable or line-bound and / or electrical connection of the sensor device 1 with an adjacent, in particular similar sensor device 1.
- the sensor device 1 has the connection device 10 according to the first aspect of the present invention in addition to the transmission device 4.
- the connecting device 10 is designed in particular for direct electrical connection for generating a common reference potential with the adjacent sensor device 1.
- connection device 10 has a preferably non-detachable and / or extendable connection cable 11 and in particular a connection 12 for a connection cable 1 1 of another or adjacent sensor device 1.
- the sensor devices 1 can therefore in particular be connected or electrically connected to one another in accordance with the configurations shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- Fig. 1 shows a so-called bipolar derivative
- Fig. 2 is a so-called unipolar derivative.
- Such configurations are particularly useful when using sensor elements 3 in the form of electrodes or biopotential measurements.
- other configurations and arrangements and / or other structural realizations for producing the preferred electrical connection of the sensor devices 1 with each other are possible.
- connection cable 1 1 automatically - especially by a corresponding spring, not shown, or the like - of the sensor device 1 can be wound or received.
- the connection cable 1 1 is then extendable to the desired length and in particular connected via the terminal 12 of the adjacent sensor device 1 to the adjacent sensor device 1. This results in a very simple and fast with little effort feasible way to produce the desired electrical connection between the sensor devices.
- the sensor device 1 is designed to detect connection data.
- these connection data indicate the existence of an electrical connection between the sensor device 1 and an adjacent sensor device 1 and / or properties of the connection.
- the connection data can preferably be transmitted from the transmission device 4 to the reception device 5.
- the adjacent or electrically connected sensor device is preferably constructed "similar". This means that in particular both, several or all sensor devices 1 may be identical, but these and / or their sensor elements 3 at least different identifiers, identifications or the like, which are transmitted to the receiving devices 5, in particular together with the sensor signals and a distinction of Sensor device 1 or sensor element 3 enable.
- the individual devices 4 and 7 to 10 of the sensor device 1 preferably form - at least as far as they are present - a construction or handling unit and are in particular arranged in a common housing 13 of the sensor device 1 or received therefrom.
- the housing 13 is preferably also designed to receive or to connect the sensor element 3 and, for this purpose, has a corresponding recess or other connection possibility for the sensor element 3, in particular on the fastening side facing the body 2.
- the sensor device 1 or its housing 13 is designed such that the desired both mechanical and electrical connection of the sensor element 3 with the other devices 4, 7 to 10 - in particular with the amplifier device 7 - the sensor device 1 is made possible.
- sensor elements 3 can be used. Particular preference is given to using electrodes as sensor elements 3. With such electrodes in particular biopotentials - ie electrical voltages - detected. However, the electrodes can also be used to apply electric fields or to introduce electrical or electromagnetic signals.
- the sensor devices 1 or sensor elements 3 can be designed and used in particular for measuring electrical, magnetic, acoustic or optical values or signals.
- different sensor elements 3 can be connected to a common sensor device 1.
- the sensor device 1 can also be embodied such that an active, preferably electrically operable and / or controllable device 14, in particular for generating a stimulus, can be connected alternatively or in addition to the (passive) sensor element 3.
- an active device 14 is connected to the sensor device 1 or connected (fixed).
- the active device 14 may be an actuator or, as shown in FIG. 4, a speaker or tone generator.
- the loudspeaker or tone generator is then connected in particular to the amplifier device 7 or another suitable device of the sensor device 1 in order to bring about, for example, a specific functional activation of brain regions which can be detected and in particular monitored by the sensor devices 1 (in particular derivation of evoked potentials ).
- other uses are possible here.
- the sensor device 1 is designed such that it can be used universally and, in particular optionally, the sensor element 3 or the active device 14 can be connected.
- the connection data and / or other operating or status data of the sensor devices 1 are preferably determined and, in particular, transmitted to the receiving device 5.
- the proposed sensor system or the receiving device 5, the display 6 and / or another evaluation device, a computer or the like is able to represent from these data the functionality and / or functional assignment of the sensor devices 1 to each other to check and / or display.
- the position detection device 9 is preferably designed such that it can detect the distance and / or the direction of an adjacent sensor device 1, starting from another sensor device 1. This can be done in particular by detecting the extension length of the connection cable 11 and / or its main extension direction or the like. In this case, the position detection device 9 is preferably coupled to or formed by the connection device 10.
- the position detection device 9 can also be designed for wireless detection of the position of the sensor device 1 -in particular the position of the sensor device 1 relative to an adjacent sensor device 1.
- This position detection can for example be wireless, in particular by infrared, radio or the like.
- each sensor device 1 is equipped with the position detection device 9. If the position data are transmitted by all or at least most sensor devices 1 to the receiving device 5, in particular via the respective transmission device 4, an evaluation of the position data can take place.
- the sensor system or its receiving device 5, the display 6, another evaluation device, a computer or the like is designed such that from the position data, the position or relative arrangement and / or configuration of the sensor devices 1 on the body 2 can be detected, can be monitored and / or displayed.
- the sensor system preferably between a unipolar and bipolar Ab- can automatically distinguish line and configuration.
- the correct evaluation of the sensor signals by the sensor system or an evaluation, monitoring or the like connected thereto can then take place-preferably automatically or upon a corresponding confirmation by a user.
- the position detection of the sensor devices 1 permits automatic constellation recognition and configuration relative to each other, whereby application errors can be avoided.
- a continuous monitoring of the location data can take place.
- a correct position of the sensor devices 1 on the body 2 can be monitored.
- sensor devices 1 are designed for potential measurement and / or are each provided with in particular only one electrode as sensor element 3.
- the sensor devices 1 are or are then in particular as shown in Fig. 1 or 2 or electrically connected together in any other suitable manner to cause a common reference potential for the potential measurements.
- This reference potential is preferably controlled or regulated (hereinafter, for simplicity, only the terms “control” and “control” will be used, although a control may alternatively be provided).
- the reference potential is preferably controlled by one of the sensor devices 1, for example an amplifier device 7.
- the sensor devices 1 are designed in such a way that in principle any one can control the reference potential.
- This control by the individual sensor devices 1 is preferably optionally, if necessary and / or remotely controlled (eg by the receiving device 5) on and off or activated.
- the first sensor device 1 which is switched on or logs on to the receiving device 5, or the sensor device 1 with the highest or lowest identifier or with the highest charge state of the energy store, controls the reference potential.
- the selection and / or activation of that sensor device 1 which controls the reference potential is carried out automatically or automatically and / or by the receiving device 5.
- the control of the reference potential is preferably carried out taking into account the different potentials at the various sensor devices 1 and the potential fluctuations such that the amplifier means 7 of the various sensor devices 1 are not or only as little as possible overridden.
- the determination of the desired reference potential is preferably carried out by the reference potential controlling sensor device 1, by cooperation of all sensor devices 1 and / or by the receiving device 5 or an associated control device or the like.
- the proposed sensor devices 1 and the proposed sensor system can be used universally and in particular for EEG, ECG, EOG and / or EMG measurements or investigations or for the derivation of evoked potentials.
- the sensor devices 1 and the sensor system can also be used for other purposes, for example for measuring and monitoring blood pressure, pulse or oxygen content.
- the proposed solution allows a non-stationary monitoring of a "mobile" patient, especially in the hospital environment.
- the proposed solution also allows a transfer of medical measures in the outpatient or home-based area.
- the proposed sensor devices 1 are flexible and in particular self-organizing.
- the sensor devices 1 and the proposed system allow a continuous vital monitoring.
- a universally scalable system is realized.
- the individual sensor devices 1 are wirelessly one behind the other and coupled to the preferably central receiving device 5. This allows any spatial separability of the components.
- the intended wireless connection provides the necessary freedom in a limited work environment (for example in the ambulance or operating theater) and allows near-sensor filtering, amplification and digitization of the signals. Furthermore, this avoids or at least improves the susceptibility to interference in the specific interference environment (for example of the operating room).
- the proposed sensor devices and the proposed sensor system are suitable for a variety of application scenarios, such as integrated patient monitoring including integrated, automated handover procedures from emergency EEG or ECG in ambulances to the operating room and postoperative monitoring in the intensive care unit.
- the proposed sensor devices 1 and the proposed sensor system are universally applicable.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
- Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006054219A DE102006054219A1 (en) | 2006-11-15 | 2006-11-15 | Sensor device and sensor system |
PCT/EP2007/009895 WO2008058744A2 (en) | 2006-11-15 | 2007-11-15 | Sensor device and sensor system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2091411A2 true EP2091411A2 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
Family
ID=39203167
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07846610A Withdrawn EP2091411A2 (en) | 2006-11-15 | 2007-11-15 | Sensor device and sensor system |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090276162A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2091411A2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102006054219A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008058744A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103188821B (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2016-09-28 | 华为技术有限公司 | The method of a kind of network equipment binding, the method for communication, Apparatus and system |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4329898A1 (en) * | 1993-09-04 | 1995-04-06 | Marcus Dr Besson | Wireless medical diagnostic and monitoring device |
FI2607U1 (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 1996-09-27 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd | An additional unit designed to be connected to a digital cordless telephone |
DE10301225A1 (en) * | 2002-08-06 | 2004-02-26 | Siemens Ag | Arrangement for wireless transmission of signals between medical equipment e.g. for ECG and EEG signals, uses electrical measuring sensor/pickup having two units, sensor-type unit and electronic-type unit, respectively |
US7352289B1 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2008-04-01 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | System and method for detecting the connection state of a network cable connector |
US8600491B2 (en) * | 2003-12-17 | 2013-12-03 | Physio-Control, Inc. | Defibrillator patient monitoring pod |
US20050215916A1 (en) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-09-29 | Fadem Kalford C | Active, multiplexed digital electrodes for EEG, ECG and EMG applications |
DE102004037375A1 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2006-03-30 | Siemens Ag | Physiological sensor system |
US20060047214A1 (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-02 | Jacob Fraden | Wireless medical probe |
US20090227965A1 (en) * | 2008-03-05 | 2009-09-10 | Ravindra Wijesiriwardana | Motion artifacts less electrode for bio-potential measurements and electrical stimulation, and motion artifacts less skin surface attachable sensor nodes and cable system for physiological information measurement and electrical stimulation |
-
2006
- 2006-11-15 DE DE102006054219A patent/DE102006054219A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-11-15 EP EP07846610A patent/EP2091411A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-11-15 WO PCT/EP2007/009895 patent/WO2008058744A2/en active Application Filing
-
2009
- 2009-05-13 US US12/465,366 patent/US20090276162A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2008058744A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008058744A2 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
US20090276162A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
DE102006054219A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
WO2008058744A3 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
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