EP2084726A1 - Circuit breaker and method for triggering a circuit breaker, particularly a low voltage circuit breaker - Google Patents

Circuit breaker and method for triggering a circuit breaker, particularly a low voltage circuit breaker

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Publication number
EP2084726A1
EP2084726A1 EP07821502A EP07821502A EP2084726A1 EP 2084726 A1 EP2084726 A1 EP 2084726A1 EP 07821502 A EP07821502 A EP 07821502A EP 07821502 A EP07821502 A EP 07821502A EP 2084726 A1 EP2084726 A1 EP 2084726A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current
circuit breaker
wavelet
wavelet coefficients
decomposition level
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07821502A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2084726B1 (en
Inventor
Cornelia Prechtl
Josef Götz
Frank Jucht
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication of EP2084726A1 publication Critical patent/EP2084726A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2084726B1 publication Critical patent/EP2084726B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/123—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using a solid-state trip unit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit breaker and a method for triggering a circuit breaker, in particular a low-voltage circuit breaker, according to the Oberbegriffen of claims 1 and 6.
  • circuit-breakers or short-circuit breakers are known and serve for power distribution up to 6300 amps in low-voltage switchgear as a feeder and branch switch.
  • the term circuit breaker characterizes a mechanical switching device that can switch on, conduct and switch off currents with the aid of an electronic overload release under operating conditions in the circuit. However, they are also used as switching and protective devices for motors, capacitors, generators and transformers, but can also be used as emergency stop switches.
  • the current is in each case compared with a limiting current and the circuit breaker is triggered when the limiting current is exceeded by a predetermined value, wherein the exceeding of the limiting current serves as an indication of the presence of a short circuit.
  • the exceeding of the limiting current can also be triggered otherwise, for example by switching operations, which are analogous to a short circuit connected to an overcurrent.
  • frequency converters can cause overcurrents which, interpreted as a short circuit, would lead to tripping of the circuit breaker.
  • the object of the invention is to reliably detect short circuits in order to avoid false tripping of the circuit breaker.
  • the solution provides that the current is sampled and digitized at a fixed sampling frequency such that the wavelet coefficients for at least two decomposition levels are determined by means of a wavelet transformation for a fixed number of immediately successive digital current values - be calculated that at least two wavelet coefficients, ie a wavelet coefficient per decomposition level, are compared in magnitude when the last of the immediately consecutive current values is greater than the threshold current value, and that the power switch is triggered when the wavelet coefficient of a higher decomposition level is greater than the wavelet coefficient of a lower decomposition level.
  • the effective determination of a short circuit provides that current value determination and the calculation of the wavelet coefficients are carried out cyclically, wherein the immediately consecutive current values used for the calculation are changed in such a way that the most recent current value after a new current value is determined before the wavelet coefficients are again calculated no longer and instead the newly determined current value is taken into account.
  • the wavelet coefficients are calculated for only two decomposition levels and the amounts of the wavelet coefficients are compared with one another.
  • FIG. 1 shows a low-voltage circuit breaker with an electronic overload trigger for a phase conductor
  • FIG. 2 the formula for the wavelet coefficients
  • FIG. 3 the definition of the wavelet transformation
  • FIG. 4 the definition of the Haar wavelet.
  • Figure 1 shows a low-voltage circuit breaker hereinafter referred to briefly as the circuit breaker having two terminals 1, 2, via which a load (terminal 2) to a power supply network (terminal 1) can be connected.
  • the two connection terminals 1, 2 are connected to one another via a detachable contact 3, which has a fixed contact element 4 and a movable contact element 5.
  • the fixed contact element 4 is connected to the circuit-breaker in Figure 1 with the network-side terminal 1 and the movable contact element 5 with the load-side terminal 2.
  • the moving Liehe contact element 5 is arranged at one end of a pivotable contact arm 6, which in the direction of arrow (arrow 7) is pivotable.
  • the pivoting of the contact arm 6 takes place in each case after triggering by a triggering unit 8 which is indicated only schematically, which triggers a separation of the two contact elements 4, 5 by swiveling the contact arm 6 in the event of a short circuit.
  • a triggering unit 8 which is indicated only schematically, which triggers a separation of the two contact elements 4, 5 by swiveling the contact arm 6 in the event of a short circuit.
  • the case between the contact elements 4, 5 regularly occurring arc is erased by means of quenching plates 9 a quenching chamber 10.
  • the circuit breaker can be triggered by hand if necessary or bring it back into standby position.
  • wavelet coefficients dj, k (see FIG 2) calculated and compared in terms of amount.
  • j, k are each positive integers, where k starts at 0 and j starts at 1 and j is called the decomposition level.
  • the integer k in FIG. 2 indicates how often a wavelet W selected for the wavelet transformation is shifted stepwise in the calculation according to the definition of the wavelet transformation in FIG.
  • the choice of k for a wavelet W is in each case such that the current signal I (t) in the associated time segment tab, via which the integration is to be integrated, is once completely covered by the displacement.
  • the current signal I (t) is formed here from the 16 current values In (t) in the memory; the period tab is therefore equal to the l ⁇ fachen time difference between two sampling times, that is equal to the l ⁇ fachen sampling time tf.
  • wavelet W The simplest example of a wavelet W is the so-called Haar wavelet Wh, whose definition is shown in FIG.
  • This wavelet Wh was used here to calculate the wavelet coefficients dj, k by means of the fast wavelet transformation.
  • it is usually sufficient to use only the last two wavelet coefficients d1, k for the comparison, ie the wavelet coefficients d1, 6 and d1, 7 for which k 6 and 7.
  • k runs from 0 to 7 and the wavelet coefficients are used dl, 6 and dl, 7 with the two largest k values.

Abstract

The invention relates to a circuit breaker and to a method for triggering a circuit breaker, particularly a low voltage circuit breaker, comprising an electronic overload trigger (8), particularly for the protection against a short circuit, wherein the current is compared to a predetermined limit current (Ith) and evaluated and the circuit breaker is triggered by the overload trigger (8), in case a short circuit is present according to the evaluation. In order to be able to reliably detect short circuits, the current (I(t)) is sampled with a predetermined sampling frequency and digitized. The wavelet coefficients (dj,k) of at least two segmentation levels (j=1, j=4) are calculated for a predetermined number of digital current values (In(t)) in direct succession by means of a wavelet transformation. At least two wavelet coefficients (d1,k und d4), that is, one wavelet coefficient (dj,k) per segmentation level (j), are compared quantitatively to each other if the last of the current values (In(t) with n = 15) in direct succession is larger than the limit current (Ith). The circuit breaker is triggered if the wavelet coefficient (d4) of a higher segmentation level (j=4) is larger than the wavelet coefficient (d1, k) of a lower segmentation level (j=1).

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Leistungsschalter und Verfahren zum Auslösen eines Leistungsschalters, insbesondere eines Niederspannungsleistungsschal- tersCircuit breaker and method for tripping a circuit breaker, in particular a low-voltage circuit breaker
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Leistungsschalter und ein Verfahren zum Auslösen eines Leistungsschalters, insbesondere eines Niederspannungsleistungsschalters, gemäß den Oberbeg- riffen der Ansprüche 1 und 6.The invention relates to a circuit breaker and a method for triggering a circuit breaker, in particular a low-voltage circuit breaker, according to the Oberbegriffen of claims 1 and 6.
Niederspannungsleistungsschalter oder kurz Leistungsschalter sind bekannt und dienen zur Energieverteilung bis 6300 Ampere in Niederspannungsschaltanlagen als Einspeise- und Abzweig- Schalter. Der Begriff Leistungsschalter charakterisiert ein mechanisches Schaltgerät, das Ströme mit Hilfe eines elektronischen Überlastauslösers unter Betriebsbedingungen im Stromkreis einschalten, führen und ausschalten kann. Sie werden aber auch als Schalt- und Schutzgeräte für Motoren, Kondensa- toren, Generatoren und Transformatoren verwendet, können aber auch als Not-Ausschalter eingesetzt werden.Low-voltage circuit-breakers or short-circuit breakers are known and serve for power distribution up to 6300 amps in low-voltage switchgear as a feeder and branch switch. The term circuit breaker characterizes a mechanical switching device that can switch on, conduct and switch off currents with the aid of an electronic overload release under operating conditions in the circuit. However, they are also used as switching and protective devices for motors, capacitors, generators and transformers, but can also be used as emergency stop switches.
Bei den Leistungsschaltern wird der Strom jeweils mit einem Grenzstrom verglichen und der Leistungsschalter ausgelöst, wenn der Grenzstrom um einen vorgegebenen Wert überschritten wird, wobei das Überschreiten des Grenzstroms als Indiz für das Vorliegen eines Kurzschlusses dient. Das Überschreiten des Grenzstroms kann aber auch anderweitig ausgelöst sein, z.B. durch Schaltvorgänge, die analog zu einem Kurzschluss mit einem Überstrom verbunden sind. Auch können Frequenzumrichter Überströme verursachen, die als Kurzschluss interpretiert zum Auslösen des Leistungsschalters führen würden. Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, Kurzschlüsse sicher zu erkennen, um Fehlauslösungen des Leistungsschalters zu vermeiden .In the case of the circuit breakers, the current is in each case compared with a limiting current and the circuit breaker is triggered when the limiting current is exceeded by a predetermined value, wherein the exceeding of the limiting current serves as an indication of the presence of a short circuit. The exceeding of the limiting current can also be triggered otherwise, for example by switching operations, which are analogous to a short circuit connected to an overcurrent. In addition, frequency converters can cause overcurrents which, interpreted as a short circuit, would lead to tripping of the circuit breaker. The object of the invention is to reliably detect short circuits in order to avoid false tripping of the circuit breaker.
Die Lösung der Erfindung ist bezogen auf den Leistungsschalter und das Verfahren durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 6 gegeben .The solution of the invention is given with respect to the circuit breaker and the method by the features of claims 1 and 6.
Die Lösung sieht bezogen auf das Verfahren und den Leistungs- Schalter vor, dass der Strom mit einer fest vorgegebenen Abtastfrequenz abgetastet und digitalisiert wird, dass für eine fest vorgegebene Anzahl unmittelbar aufeinander folgender digitaler Stromwerte mittels einer Wavelet-Transformation die Waveletkoeffizienten für mindestens zwei Zerlegungslevel be- rechnet werden, dass mindestens zwei Waveletkoeffizienten, d.h. ein Waveletkoeffizient pro Zerlegungslevel, betragsmäßig miteinander verglichen werden, wenn der letzte der unmittelbar aufeinander folgenden Stromwerte größer als der Grenzstromwert ist, und dass der Leistungsschalter ausgelöst wird, wenn der Waveletkoeffizient eines höheren Zerlegungslevels größer als der Waveletkoeffizient eines niedrigeren Zerlegungslevels ist.With respect to the method and the power switch, the solution provides that the current is sampled and digitized at a fixed sampling frequency such that the wavelet coefficients for at least two decomposition levels are determined by means of a wavelet transformation for a fixed number of immediately successive digital current values - be calculated that at least two wavelet coefficients, ie a wavelet coefficient per decomposition level, are compared in magnitude when the last of the immediately consecutive current values is greater than the threshold current value, and that the power switch is triggered when the wavelet coefficient of a higher decomposition level is greater than the wavelet coefficient of a lower decomposition level.
Das effektive Feststellen eines Kurzschlusses sieht vor, dass Stromwertermittlung und die Berechnung der Waveletkoeffizienten zyklisch erfolgen, wobei die jeweils für die Berechnung herangezogenen unmittelbar aufeinander folgenden Stromwerte nach Ermittlung eines neuen Stromwerts vor erneuter Berechnung der Waveletkoeffizienten derart geändert werden, dass der zeitlich am weitesten zurückliegende Stromwert nicht mehr und stattdessen der neu ermittelte Stromwert berücksichtigt wird . Praktisch reicht es, wenn die Waveletkoeffizienten nur für zwei Zerlegungslevel berechnet und die Beträge der Waveletkoeffizienten miteinander verglichen werden.The effective determination of a short circuit provides that current value determination and the calculation of the wavelet coefficients are carried out cyclically, wherein the immediately consecutive current values used for the calculation are changed in such a way that the most recent current value after a new current value is determined before the wavelet coefficients are again calculated no longer and instead the newly determined current value is taken into account. In practice, it suffices if the wavelet coefficients are calculated for only two decomposition levels and the amounts of the wavelet coefficients are compared with one another.
Im einfachsten Fall werden die Waveletkoeffizienten des ersten und vierten Zerlegungslevels berechnet und der Betrag des einzigen Waveletkoeffizienten des vierten Zerlegungslevels wird zumindest mit den Beträgen der beiden Waveletkoeffizienten mit k=6 und 7 des ersten Zerlegungslevels verglichen und der Leistungsschalter wird ausgelöst, wenn der Waveletkoeffi- zient größer als diese beiden Waveletkoeffizienten ist.In the simplest case, the wavelet coefficients of the first and fourth decomposition levels are calculated and the magnitude of the single wavelet coefficient of the fourth decomposition level is compared at least with the magnitudes of the two wavelet coefficients with k = 6 and 7 of the first decomposition level, and the power switch is triggered when the wavelet coefficient is effective is greater than these two wavelet coefficients.
Für 50 Hz und 60 Hz wird ein Abtastzyklus nach jeweils 606,4 μs neu gestartet.For 50 Hz and 60 Hz, one scan cycle is restarted every 606.4 μs.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand einer Zeichnung näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:The invention will be described below with reference to a drawing. Show it:
Figur 1 einen Niederspannungsleistungsschalter mit einem elektronischen Überlastauslöser für einen Phasenleiter, Figur 2 die Formel für die Wavelet-Koeffizienten, Figur 3 die Definition der Wavelet-Transformation und Figur 4 die Definition des Haar-Wavelets .FIG. 1 shows a low-voltage circuit breaker with an electronic overload trigger for a phase conductor, FIG. 2 the formula for the wavelet coefficients, FIG. 3 the definition of the wavelet transformation, and FIG. 4 the definition of the Haar wavelet.
Figur 1 zeigt einen Niederspannungsleistungsschalter im folgenden kurz Leistungsschalter genannt, der zwei Klemmen 1, 2 aufweist, über die eine Last (Klemme 2) an ein Stromversorgungsnetz (Anschlussklemme 1) anschließbar ist. Die beiden Anschlussklemmen 1, 2 sind über einen lösbaren Kontakt 3 mit- einander verbunden, der ein feststehendes Kontaktelement 4 und ein bewegliches Kontaktelement 5 aufweist. Das feststehende Kontaktelement 4 ist bei dem Leistungsschalter in Figur 1 mit der netzseitigen Klemme 1 und das bewegliche Kontaktelement 5 mit der lastseitigen Klemme 2 verbunden. Das beweg- liehe Kontaktelement 5 ist an einem Ende eines verschwenkbaren Kontaktarms 6 angeordnet, der in Pfeilrichtung (Pfeil 7) verschwenkbar ist. Das Verschwenken des Kontaktarms 6 erfolgt jeweils nach Auslösung durch eine nur schematisch angedeutete Auslöseeinheit 8, die im Kurschlussfall eine Trennung der beiden Kontaktelemente 4, 5 durch Verschwenken des Kontaktarms 6 auslöst. Der dabei zwischen den Kontaktelementen 4, 5 regelmäßig auftretende Lichtbogen wird mit Hilfe von Löschblechen 9 einer Löschkammer 10 gelöscht. Mittels eines hand- betätigbaren Schalthebels 11 lässt sich der Leistungsschalter bei Bedarf von Hand auslösen bzw. wieder in Bereitschaftsstellung bringen.Figure 1 shows a low-voltage circuit breaker hereinafter referred to briefly as the circuit breaker having two terminals 1, 2, via which a load (terminal 2) to a power supply network (terminal 1) can be connected. The two connection terminals 1, 2 are connected to one another via a detachable contact 3, which has a fixed contact element 4 and a movable contact element 5. The fixed contact element 4 is connected to the circuit-breaker in Figure 1 with the network-side terminal 1 and the movable contact element 5 with the load-side terminal 2. The moving Liehe contact element 5 is arranged at one end of a pivotable contact arm 6, which in the direction of arrow (arrow 7) is pivotable. The pivoting of the contact arm 6 takes place in each case after triggering by a triggering unit 8 which is indicated only schematically, which triggers a separation of the two contact elements 4, 5 by swiveling the contact arm 6 in the event of a short circuit. The case between the contact elements 4, 5 regularly occurring arc is erased by means of quenching plates 9 a quenching chamber 10. By means of a manually operable lever 11, the circuit breaker can be triggered by hand if necessary or bring it back into standby position.
Der fließende Strom I (t) als Funktion der Zeit t wird mit ei- ner fest vorgegebenen Abtastfrequenz f im zeitlichen Abstand tf abgetastet und in digitaler Form in einem nicht gezeigten Speicher abgespeichert, wobei die Abspeicherung so erfolgt, das sich im Speicher jeweils die letzten 16 unmittelbar aufeinander folgenden Stromwerte In (t) mit n=0 bis n=15 befin- den, d.h. es wird vor dem Speichern eines neuen Stromwerts In(t) der jeweils älteste im Speicher befindliche Stromwert In(t) mit n=0 gelöscht.The flowing current I (t) as a function of the time t is sampled at a fixed predetermined sampling frequency f at a time interval tf and stored in digital form in a memory, not shown, wherein the storage is carried out so that in each case the last 16 directly consecutive current values In (t) with n = 0 to n = 15, ie it is deleted before storing a new current value In (t) of the oldest current in the memory current value In (t) with n = 0.
Ist der zuletzt abgetastete Stromwert In(t) mit n=15 größer als ein vorgegebener Grenzstrom Ith, so werden für eine fest vorgegebene Anzahl, hier für die 16 Stromwerte In(t) im Speicher, Wavelet-Koeffizienten dj , k (s. Figur 2) berechnet und betragsmäßig miteinander verglichen.If the last sampled current value In (t) with n = 15 is greater than a predefined limiting current Ith, wavelet coefficients dj, k (see FIG 2) calculated and compared in terms of amount.
Allgemein sind j, k jeweils positive ganze Zahlen, wobei k bei 0 und j bei 1 beginnt und j als Zerlegungslevel bezeichnet wird. Die Zerlegungslevel j beginnen mit j=l: j=l ist der erste Zerlegungslevel, j=2 der zweiten Zerlegungslevel usw. Die ganze Zahl k in Figur 2 sagt aus, wie oft ein für die Wa- velet-Transformation ausgewähltes Wavelet W bei der Berechnung gemäß der Definition der Wavelet-Transformation in Figur 3 schrittweise verschoben wird. Die Wahl von k für ein Wave- let W erfolgt jeweils so, dass das Stromsignal I (t) in dem zugehörigen Zeitabschnitt tab, über den zu integrieren ist, durch die Verschiebung einmal vollständig überdeckt wird. Das Stromsignal I (t) wird hier aus den 16 im Speicher befindlichen Stromwerten In(t) gebildet; der Zeitabschnitt tab ist hier also gleich der lβfachen Zeitdifferenz zwischen zwei Abtastzeitpunkten, also gleich der lβfachen Abtastzeit tf.In general, j, k are each positive integers, where k starts at 0 and j starts at 1 and j is called the decomposition level. The decomposition levels j begin with j = 1: j = 1 is the first decomposition level, j = 2 is the second decomposition level, and so on. The integer k in FIG. 2 indicates how often a wavelet W selected for the wavelet transformation is shifted stepwise in the calculation according to the definition of the wavelet transformation in FIG. The choice of k for a wavelet W is in each case such that the current signal I (t) in the associated time segment tab, via which the integration is to be integrated, is once completely covered by the displacement. The current signal I (t) is formed here from the 16 current values In (t) in the memory; the period tab is therefore equal to the lβfachen time difference between two sampling times, that is equal to the lβfachen sampling time tf.
Das einfachste Beispiel für ein Wavelet W ist das so genannte Haar-Wavelet Wh, dessen Definition Figur 4 zeigt.The simplest example of a wavelet W is the so-called Haar wavelet Wh, whose definition is shown in FIG.
Dieses Wavelet Wh wurde hier zur Berechnung der Wavelet- Koeffizienten dj , k mittels der schnellen Wavelet- Transformation verwendet.This wavelet Wh was used here to calculate the wavelet coefficients dj, k by means of the fast wavelet transformation.
Das Ergebnis der Berechnung sind die in Figur 2 gezeigten Formeln für die Wavelet-Koeffizienten dj , k für die beiden Zerlegungslevel j=l und j=4, also die Wavelet-Koeffizienten dl,k für k= 0 bis 7 und d4,k für k=0. Letzterer wird kurz als Wavelet-Koeffizient d4 bezeichnet.The result of the calculation are the formulas shown in FIG. 2 for the wavelet coefficients dj, k for the two decomposition levels j = 1 and j = 4, ie the wavelet coefficients d1, k for k = 0 to 7 and d4, k for k = 0th The latter is referred to as wavelet coefficient d4 for short.
Der Leistungsschalter wird von der Auslöseeinheit 8 ausgelöst, wenn der Waveletkoeffizient d4 des höheren Zerlegungs- levels j=4 größer als jeder der Waveletkoeffizienten dl,k mit k= 0 bis 7 des niedrigeren Zerlegungslevels 1 ist. Dabei reicht es praktisch meist schon aus, nur die letzten zwei Waveletkoeffizienten dl,k zum Vergleich heranzuziehen, also die Waveletkoeffizienten dl, 6 und dl, 7 bei denen k=6 und 7. k läuft hier von 0 bis 7 und herangezogen werden die Waveletkoeffizienten dl, 6 und dl, 7 mit den beiden größten k-Werten. The circuit breaker is triggered by the trip unit 8 when the wavelet coefficient d4 of the higher decomposition level j = 4 is larger than each of the wavelet coefficients dl, k with k = 0 to 7 of the lower decomposition level 1. In practice, it is usually sufficient to use only the last two wavelet coefficients d1, k for the comparison, ie the wavelet coefficients d1, 6 and d1, 7 for which k = 6 and 7. k runs from 0 to 7 and the wavelet coefficients are used dl, 6 and dl, 7 with the two largest k values.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Auslösen eines Leistungsschalters, insbesondere eines Niederspannungsleistungsschalters, im Falle eines Kurzschlusses, bei dem der in einem Phasenleiter fließende Strom im Vergleich mit einem Grenzstrom (Ith) bewertet und der Leistungsschalter ausgelöst wird, wenn anhand der Bewertung ein Kurz- schluss vorliegt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Strom (I (t) ) mit einer fest vorgegebenen Abtastfrequenz abgetastet und digitalisiert wird, dass für eine fest vorgegebene Anzahl unmittelbar aufeinander folgender digitaler Stromwerte (In(t)) mittels einer Wavelet- Transformation die Waveletkoeffizienten (dj,k) für mindestens zwei Zerlegungslevel (j=l, j=4) berechnet werden, dass mindestens zwei Waveletkoeffizienten (dl,k und d4), d.h. ein Waveletkoeffizient (dj,k) pro Zerlegungslevel (j), betragsmäßig miteinander verglichen werden, wenn der letzte der unmittelbar aufeinander folgenden Stromwerte (In(t) mit n=15) größer als der Grenzstrom (Ith) ist, und dass der Leistungsschalter ausgelöst wird, wenn der Wavelet- koeffizient (d4) eines höheren Zerlegungslevels (j=4) größer als der Waveletkoeffizient (dl,k mit k=0,l,...,7) eines niedri- geren Zerlegungslevels (j=l) ist.1. A method for triggering a circuit breaker, in particular a low-voltage circuit breaker, in the event of a short circuit in which the current flowing in a phase conductor is evaluated in comparison with a limiting current (Ith) and the circuit breaker is tripped if the evaluation results in a short circuit, characterized in that the current (I (t)) is sampled and digitized at a fixed predetermined sampling frequency, that for a fixed number of immediately consecutive digital current values (In (t)) the wavelet coefficients (dj, k ) for at least two decomposition levels (j = 1, j = 4), that at least two wavelet coefficients (dl, k and d4), ie a wavelet coefficient (dj, k) per decomposition level (j) are compared in magnitude when the last of the immediately consecutive current values (In (t) with n = 15) is greater than the limiting current (Ith), and that triggers the power switch if the wavelet coefficient (d4) of a higher decomposition level (j = 4) is greater than the wavelet coefficient (d1, k with k = 0, l,..., 7) of a lower decomposition level (j = 1) ,
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ermittlung der Stromwerte (In(t)) und die Berechnung der Waveletkoeffizienten (dj , k) zyklisch erfolgen, wobei die jeweils für die Berechnung herangezogenen unmittelbar aufeinander folgenden Stromwerte (In(t)) nach Ermittlung eines neuen Stromwerts vor erneuter Berechnung der Waveletkoeffizienten (dj,k) derart geändert werden, dass der zeitlich am wei- testen zurückliegende Stromwert (In(t) mit n=0) nicht mehr und stattdessen der neu ermittelte Stromwert (In(t)) berücksichtigt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the determination of the current values (In (t)) and the calculation of the wavelet coefficients (dj, k) take place cyclically, wherein the respectively used for the calculation immediately consecutive current values (In (t) ) after determining a new current value before recalculating the wavelet coefficients (dj, k) in such a way that the time test past current value (In (t) with n = 0) and instead the newly determined current value (In (t)) is taken into account.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Waveletkoeffizienten (dj,k) nur für zwei Zerlegungslevel (j=l und j=4) berechnet und die Beträge dieser Waveletkoeffizienten (dl,k und d4) miteinander verglichen werden.3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wavelet coefficients (dj, k) are calculated only for two decomposition levels (j = 1 and j = 4) and the amounts of these wavelet coefficients (d1, k and d4) are compared with each other.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Waveletkoeffizienten (dj,k) des ersten und vierten Zerlegungslevels (j=l und j=4) berechnet und der Betrag des einzigen Waveletkoeffizienten (d4) des vierten Zerlegungslevels (j=4) zumindest mit den Beträgen der beiden Waveletkoef- fizienten (dl,k mit k=6 und 7) des ersten Zerlegungslevels (j=l) verglichen wird und dass der Leistungsschalter ausgelöst wird, wenn der Waveletkoeffizient (d4) größer als diese beiden Waveletkoeffizienten (dl,k mit k=6 und 7) ist.4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the wavelet coefficients (dj, k) of the first and fourth decomposition levels (j = 1 and j = 4) are calculated and the magnitude of the single wavelet coefficient (d4) of the fourth decomposition level (j = 4) is compared at least with the magnitudes of the two wavelet coefficients (d1, k with k = 6 and 7) of the first decomposition level (j = 1) and that the power switch is triggered if the wavelet coefficient (d4) is greater than these two wavelet coefficients (d1 , k with k = 6 and 7).
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass alle 606,4 μs ein neuer Abtastzyklus gestartet wird.5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that every 606.4 microseconds a new sampling cycle is started.
6. Leistungsschalter, insbesondere Niederspannungs- leistungsschalter, für einen stromdurchflossenen Phasenleiter, mit einem elektronischen Überlastauslöser (8), insbesondere zum Schutz gegen einen Kurzschluss, wobei der Strom im Vergleich mit einem vorgegebenen Grenzstrom (Ith) bewertet und der Leistungsschalter vom Überlastauslöser (8) ausgelöst wird, wenn anhand der Bewertung ein Kurzschluss vorliegt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Strom (I (t) ) mit einer fest vorgegebenen Abtastfre- quenz abgetastet und digitalisiert wird, dass für eine fest vorgegebene Anzahl unmittelbar aufeinander folgender digitaler Stromwerte (In(t)) mittels einer Wavelet- Transformation die Waveletkoeffizienten (dj,k) mindestens zweier Zerlegungslevel (j=l, j=4) berechnet werden, dass mindestens zwei Waveletkoeffizienten (dl,k und d4), d.h. ein Waveletkoeffizient (dj,k) pro Zerlegungslevel (j), betragsmäßig miteinander verglichen werden, wenn der letzte der unmittelbar aufeinander folgenden Stromwerte (In(t) mit n=15) größer als der Grenzstromwert (Ith) ist, und dass der Leistungsschalter ausgelöst wird, wenn der Wavelet- koeffizient (d4) eines höheren Zerlegungslevels (j=4) größer als der Waveletkoeffizient (dl,k mit k=0, 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, 6 oder 7) eines niedrigeren Zerlegungslevels (j=l) ist. 6. Circuit-breaker, in particular low-voltage circuit breaker, for a current-carrying phase conductor, with an electronic overload release (8), in particular for protection against a short circuit, wherein the current is evaluated in comparison with a predetermined limiting current (Ith) and the circuit breaker is rated by the overload release (8) is triggered if the evaluation results in a short circuit, characterized in that the current (I (t)) is at a fixed sampling rate. sampled and digitized, that the wavelet coefficients (dj, k) of at least two decomposition levels (j = 1, j = 4) are calculated by means of a wavelet transformation for a predefined number of directly successive digital current values (In (t)); that at least two wavelet coefficients (dl, k and d4), ie a wavelet coefficient (dj, k) per decomposition level (j), are compared in terms of absolute value if the last of the immediately consecutive current values (In (t) with n = 15) is greater is the limit current value (Ith), and that the circuit breaker is triggered when the wavelet coefficient (d4) of a higher decomposition level (j = 4) is greater than the wavelet coefficient (dl, k with k = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7) of a lower decomposition level (j = 1).
EP07821502A 2006-10-26 2007-10-18 Circuit breaker and method for triggering a circuit breaker, particularly a low voltage circuit breaker Not-in-force EP2084726B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102006051168A DE102006051168A1 (en) 2006-10-26 2006-10-26 Circuit breaker i.e. low voltage circuit breaker, triggering method, involves triggering circuit breaker if wavelet coefficient of higher segmentation level is larger than wavelet coefficient of lower segmentation level
PCT/EP2007/061137 WO2008049779A1 (en) 2006-10-26 2007-10-18 Circuit breaker and method for triggering a circuit breaker, particularly a low voltage circuit breaker

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US8159793B2 (en) * 2008-12-22 2012-04-17 General Electric Company Arc detection using detailed and approximate coefficients from discrete wavelet transforms
US8170816B2 (en) * 2008-12-29 2012-05-01 General Electric Company Parallel arc detection using discrete wavelet transforms
CN102044381B (en) * 2009-10-16 2013-05-08 张世兴 Precision tripping device
DE102011079652A1 (en) * 2011-07-22 2013-01-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for locking a switch
CN106645948B (en) * 2016-12-27 2019-07-23 国网浙江省电力公司电力科学研究院 A kind of adaptive power network signal fundamental detecting method based on wavelet transformation

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JP2001218356A (en) 2000-01-31 2001-08-10 Mitsubishi Electric Corp High speed breaker
AT501217B1 (en) 2004-07-21 2007-09-15 Moeller Gebaeudeautomation Kg SWITCHING DEVICE

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DE502007005794D1 (en) 2011-01-05
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ATE489719T1 (en) 2010-12-15

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