EP2069770A2 - Procede et dispositif de tomographie par impedance electrique. - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif de tomographie par impedance electrique.Info
- Publication number
- EP2069770A2 EP2069770A2 EP07823866A EP07823866A EP2069770A2 EP 2069770 A2 EP2069770 A2 EP 2069770A2 EP 07823866 A EP07823866 A EP 07823866A EP 07823866 A EP07823866 A EP 07823866A EP 2069770 A2 EP2069770 A2 EP 2069770A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- medium
- wave
- electrical
- conductivity
- during
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000002593 electrical impedance tomography Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101100446506 Mus musculus Fgf3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
- A61B5/0536—Impedance imaging, e.g. by tomography
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/40—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the nervous system
- A61B5/4058—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the nervous system for evaluating the central nervous system
- A61B5/4064—Evaluating the brain
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B8/485—Diagnostic techniques involving measuring strain or elastic properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods and devices for electrical impedance tomography.
- the invention relates to an electric impedance tomography method for imaging a medium having a certain internal volume delimited by an external surface, this method comprising: at least one electrical measurement step during which electrical conditions are imposed predetermined at the surface of the medium and at least one electrical parameter is measured at several points on the surface of the medium while generating a mechanical disturbance at predefined points of the medium by locally modifying the impedance of the medium, and at least one computation step during which at least one parameter related to the electrical impedance is determined at several points in the internal volume of the medium.
- the present invention is intended to overcome these disadvantages.
- a method of the kind in question is characterized in that during the calculation step, said parameter connected to the electrical impedance is determined taking into account the measurements taken. during said disturbance, using a predetermined law for modifying the electrical impedance by said disturbance.
- the accuracy and speed of implementation of the process according to the invention can be considerably increased by virtue of the fact that the abovementioned disturbance effects local "marking" of the medium.
- the imposed electrical conditions comprise at least one current imposed in at least one point; on the surface of the medium, and said measured electrical parameter is an electric potential (it is of course possible to impose a potential and measure currents); said parameter connected to the electrical impedance is the conductivity; the mechanical disturbance is a wave focused in at least one point of the medium; the wave is an acoustic wave; the acoustic wave is an ultrasonic wave
- the acoustic wave corresponds to an amplitude modulated signal at a modulation frequency adapted to generate an ultrasonic radiation force causing a local displacement of the medium;
- the wave is an elastic wave (mixture of compression waves and shear waves, generated for example by a set of mechanical vibrators arranged on the surface of the ground); the wave corresponds to a coded signal; during the calculation step, we solve the equation:
- k is an index denoting a set of at least one electric current j, applied to the surface of the medium, i being a designating index each electric current of this set,
- E k (z) is an energy corresponding to the disturbance generated by the wave during the application of the set of electric currents j k , u k (z) is the electric potential at the z point of the medium, and A is a matrix representative of the shape of a focal spot produced by the wave around the point on which it is focused;
- . z is a point in the middle
- D * (z) is a value representative of the electrical disturbance measured at a point of index i at the surface of the medium and generated by the wave during the application of the set of electric currents j k at points i;
- the values>> * (z) are calculated from the measurements made, using waves corresponding to different signals Si (t), where 1 is an index between 1 and L;
- s (t) respective amplitudes Si and S 2 , the values D * (z) being calculated, when the form of the focal spot is a disk or a sphere, by the formula:
- . d is either 2 for 2-dimensional imaging or 3 for 3-dimensional imaging
- . d is equal to 2 for 2-dimensional imaging, equal to 3 for 3-dimensional imaging,
- I V 1 is either the surface of the focal spot for 2-dimensional imaging or the focal spot volume for 3-dimensional imaging; during the calculation step, starting from a conductivity assumed Y and repeating the following substeps:
- v k is the solution of equation (11) and u k is the solution of equation (9), and Y k is used as a new value of conductivity Y with another set of currents j k , generating current lines not parallel to those generated by the current leakage of currents j k , in at least one area of the medium,
- an estimated error e k is calculated on the conductivity by the formula:
- the conductivity is updated as follows
- the medium to be imaged is a biological tissue
- the medium to be imaged is a human organ (for example: breast, liver, brain, or other)
- the medium to be imaged is the earth's subsoil.
- the invention also relates to a device adapted for implementing a method as defined above.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electrical impedance tomography device according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a graph representing the signal corresponding to the ultrasonic waves applied by the device of the invention
- FIG. 1 is a graph similar to FIG. 1 for a variant of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an electrical impedance tomography device 1 used to image a medium (for example a biological medium, for example a part of a human body such as a breast, a liver, a brain or any other organ ) which has a certain internal volume 2 delimited by an outer surface 3.
- the device 1 comprises a central unit 4 (CPU) such as a computer or the like, which can be connected to various peripherals such as a screen 5 and other input and output interfaces (not shown).
- CPU central unit 4
- peripherals such as a screen 5 and other input and output interfaces (not shown).
- the central unit 4 is connected to an electrical measurement interface 6 (INT.1) such as those conventionally used in electrical impedance tomography, connected to a plurality of electrodes 7 disposed on the surface 3 of the medium to be imaged.
- the electrodes 7 are I
- the electrical measurement interface 6 is adapted to impose predetermined electrical conditions on some of the electrodes 7 and to measure at least one electrical parameter at all or some of the electrodes 7.
- the electrical measurement interface 6 may be adapted to impose at least one predetermined current j at one of the electrodes 7 and to measure voltages U 1 at all the electrodes 7.
- the central unit 4 is adapted to control the electrical measuring interface 6 so that it successively imposes several currents ji, ... J k , ...
- each index current k may differ from other currents by the electrode 7 to which it is applied and / or by the signal to which it corresponds) and to measure the voltages U 1 for each co urant j k .
- the electrical measurement interface 6 could be adapted to impose one or more voltages and measure currents at the electrodes 7.
- the currents and voltages in question may for example be alternative, for example with a frequency of the order of kHz.
- central unit 4 is connected to a signal processing interface 8 (INT 2) which controls a network 9 of ultrasonic piezoelectric transducers.
- INT 2 signal processing interface 8
- the network 9 of transducers can also be a 2-dimensional network and / or be mounted on a mobile support for varying the position and / or the orientation of the network.
- the signal processing interface 8 is adapted for generating, via the array 9 of transducers, ultrasound waves which are successively focused at predetermined points z (Z number) situated in the medium to be imaged, at least some of these points z being situated in the interior volume 2 (the others being possibly on the surface 3).
- the ultrasonic waves in question may for example have a frequency of between 0.5 and 15 MHz, in particular of the order of one MHz.
- the central unit 4 When it is desired to image the internal volume 2 of the medium, the central unit 4 successively applies, via the electrical measurement interface 6, currents j k on all or part of the electrodes 7.
- the electrical measurement interface 6 measures the voltage ( ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ I I I of each electrode 7 of index i, in the absence of ultrasonic acoustic wave in the medium to be imaged.
- the central unit 4 sends, via the signal processing interface 8 and the transducer array 9, ultrasound waves that are successively focused on the above-mentioned predetermined points z, so as to generate mechanical disturbances of the medium localized at each point. z, resulting in localized disturbances of the electrical impedance (and in particular of the conductivity) of the medium.
- the ultrasonic wave is focused on each z-point for a few hundred periods of the ultrasonic wave.
- the ultrasonic wave in question may be a non-modulated low frequency wave, which induces a local and infinitesimal volume variation in the focal area of the ultrasound beam.
- the frequency with which this vibration occurs is the excitation frequency of the ultrasound.
- Local disturbances of the electrical impedance having the same frequency as the ultrasonic signal are then produced.
- S (t) an ultrasonic signal encoded S (t)
- the waves corresponding to each signal Si can for example be focused successively on the different points z, before emitting and focusing the waves corresponding to the signal Si + i.
- the signals Si (t) may possibly differ from each other solely by their amplitude.
- the measurement sensitivity can be improved by deconvolution of the electrical signal ⁇ î '''h ar ⁇ l ⁇ 1 P I e code applied to the signal S x (t) .
- the central unit stores the I. K voltage measurements (u k ) ⁇ I] ⁇ k ⁇ made without acoustic wave focusing and the IKL Z voltage measurements. made with focusing of acoustic waves.
- Yp is the conductivity disturbed locally by ultrasound
- - M is a geometric factor, the polarization tensor, which depends on Yp and the shape of the focal zone of the ultrasonic wave (for example, the zone in the amplitude of the ultrasonic wave is greater than half the maximum amplitude),
- the function G is the Neumann function of the conductivity medium Y and therefore, unknown.
- the matrix D can be calculated from the measurements made, using only the differences in amplitudes of the ultrasonic waves corresponding to different signals Si (t).
- - d is the size of the space (2 for 2-dimensional imaging and 3 for 3-dimensional imaging,
- IVI is the surface (for 2-dimensional imaging dimensions) or the volume (for 3-dimensional imaging) of the ultrasound focal zone, and S1 and S2 the amplitudes of the ultrasonic waves.
- This matrix D makes it possible to calculate the electrical energy E k (z) equivalent to the acoustic perturbations at the points z, for each current k.
- the conductivity Y on the outer surface 3 of the medium to be imaged can be determined by means of independent measurements, without resorting to this method.
- v k is a solution electric potential of equation (11) and U k is a solution electric potential of equation (9), and Y k given by formula (12) is used as a conductivity value Y at next iteration, for a set of currents yf, appropriate (generating current lines not parallel to those generated by yf, at least in certain areas of the medium to be imaged).
- Steps a) to d) are repeated until a stopping criterion is satisfied, for example:
- ultrasonic waves corresponding to signals Si (t) modulated at a relatively low frequency for example with a modulation frequency of a few hundred Hz, as represented in FIG. 3.
- the ultrasonic beam induces a localized force in the focal zone that pushes the medium.
- This force known as ultrasonic radiation force
- the ultrasonic radiation force may also be coded over time, modulating the amplitude of the ultrasonic thrust signal over time.
- Yk (z) is used as the Y conductivity value at the next iteration.
- the method according to the invention can also be used in geophysics.
- the medium to be imaged is the terrestrial ground and the ultrasonic waves are replaced by elastic waves, in particular low frequency compression or shear waves (for example, from 5 Hz to 5000 Hz).
- the aforementioned piezoelectric transducers are then replaced by a set of vibrators or mechanical jacks disposed on the surface of the ground.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0608538A FR2906612B1 (fr) | 2006-09-28 | 2006-09-28 | Procede et dispositif de tomographie par impedance electrique. |
| PCT/FR2007/052021 WO2008037929A2 (fr) | 2006-09-28 | 2007-09-26 | Procede et dispositif de tomographie par impedance electrique. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2069770A2 true EP2069770A2 (fr) | 2009-06-17 |
Family
ID=37963944
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07823866A Withdrawn EP2069770A2 (fr) | 2006-09-28 | 2007-09-26 | Procede et dispositif de tomographie par impedance electrique. |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100007357A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2069770A2 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2010504781A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2906612B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2008037929A2 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112179950A (zh) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种三维双模态电阻抗成像传感器及制造方法 |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2608962C (fr) | 2005-07-01 | 2016-12-06 | Scott Chetham | Systeme de surveillance |
| AU2006265763B2 (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2012-08-09 | Impedimed Limited | Monitoring system |
| WO2007041783A1 (fr) | 2005-10-11 | 2007-04-19 | Impedance Cardiology Systems, Inc. | Surveillance de l'etat d'hydratation |
| EP2148613B9 (fr) | 2007-04-20 | 2014-12-10 | Impedimed Limited | Systeme et sonde de surveillance |
| EP2175776B1 (fr) | 2007-08-09 | 2016-03-23 | Impedimed Limited | Mesure de l'impédance |
| AT506293B1 (de) * | 2008-07-16 | 2009-08-15 | Univ Innsbruck | Verfahren zur abbildung eines objekts und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
| WO2011050393A1 (fr) | 2009-10-26 | 2011-05-05 | Impedimed Limited | Détermination d'indicateur de niveau de fluide |
| WO2011060497A1 (fr) | 2009-11-18 | 2011-05-26 | Impedimed Limited | Distribution de signal pour des mesures d'électrode de patient |
| JP2015512658A (ja) | 2011-12-14 | 2015-04-30 | インターセクション・メディカル・インコーポレイテッドIntersection Medical,Inc. | 組織内の周波数に対する表面下抵抗率の相対的空間変化を決定するためのデバイス、システム及び方法 |
| CN102894977B (zh) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-06-18 | 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 | 一种用于电阻抗映射成像的感兴趣目标体立体定位方法 |
| WO2016077173A1 (fr) | 2014-11-10 | 2016-05-19 | University Of Houston System | Élastographie par cohérence optique permettant d'estimer la biomécanique et de détecter la progression de maladies dégénératives de tissus oculaires et autres tissus |
| US11406258B2 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2022-08-09 | University Of Houston System | System and method to measure tissue biomechanical properties without external excitation |
| GB201501891D0 (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-03-25 | The Technology Partnership Plc | Method for producing an electrical impedance tomographic image of an acoustic field and a system for performing said method |
| DE102017123032A1 (de) * | 2017-10-04 | 2019-04-04 | Krohne Messtechnik Gmbh | Tomografiegerät zur elektrischen Impedanztomografie |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4291768A (en) * | 1980-01-14 | 1981-09-29 | W-K-M Wellhead Systems, Inc. | Packing assembly for wellheads |
| IL62861A (en) * | 1981-05-13 | 1988-01-31 | Yeda Res & Dev | Method and apparatus for carrying out electric tomography |
| US4617939A (en) * | 1982-04-30 | 1986-10-21 | The University Of Sheffield | Tomography |
| US4920490A (en) * | 1988-01-28 | 1990-04-24 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | Process and apparatus for distinguishing conductivities by electric current computed tomography |
| GB9226376D0 (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1993-02-10 | British Tech Group | Tomography |
| US6560480B1 (en) * | 1994-10-24 | 2003-05-06 | Transscan Medical Ltd. | Localization of anomalies in tissue and guidance of invasive tools based on impedance imaging |
| DE10136529C1 (de) * | 2001-07-26 | 2002-12-12 | Siemens Ag | Kombinierter elektrischer Impedanz- und Ultraschall-Scanner |
| DE10315863B4 (de) * | 2003-04-08 | 2013-03-14 | Dräger Medical GmbH | Elektrodengürtel |
-
2006
- 2006-09-28 FR FR0608538A patent/FR2906612B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-09-26 JP JP2009529743A patent/JP2010504781A/ja active Pending
- 2007-09-26 WO PCT/FR2007/052021 patent/WO2008037929A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2007-09-26 US US12/443,138 patent/US20100007357A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-09-26 EP EP07823866A patent/EP2069770A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2008037929A2 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112179950A (zh) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种三维双模态电阻抗成像传感器及制造方法 |
| CN112179950B (zh) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-11-16 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种三维双模态电阻抗成像传感器及制造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2010504781A (ja) | 2010-02-18 |
| US20100007357A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
| FR2906612B1 (fr) | 2009-03-06 |
| FR2906612A1 (fr) | 2008-04-04 |
| WO2008037929A2 (fr) | 2008-04-03 |
| WO2008037929A3 (fr) | 2008-05-08 |
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Inventor name: FINK, MATHIAS Inventor name: TANTER, MICKAEL Inventor name: CAPDEBOSCQ, YVES Inventor name: BONNETIER, ERIC Inventor name: AMMARI, HABIB |
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