EP2066831B1 - Cellule d'électrolyse et procédé de fonctionnement de ladite cellule - Google Patents

Cellule d'électrolyse et procédé de fonctionnement de ladite cellule Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2066831B1
EP2066831B1 EP07808629A EP07808629A EP2066831B1 EP 2066831 B1 EP2066831 B1 EP 2066831B1 EP 07808629 A EP07808629 A EP 07808629A EP 07808629 A EP07808629 A EP 07808629A EP 2066831 B1 EP2066831 B1 EP 2066831B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cathode
current
accordance
cell
electrolysis cell
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP07808629A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2066831A1 (fr
EP2066831A4 (fr
Inventor
Frank ØVSTETUN
Elin Haugland
Jørn RUTLIN
Jørund HOP
Stanislaw Jarek
Sara Thörnblad MATHISEN
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Norsk Hydro ASA
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Norsk Hydro ASA
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Publication of EP2066831A1 publication Critical patent/EP2066831A1/fr
Publication of EP2066831A4 publication Critical patent/EP2066831A4/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/16—Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
    • C25C7/025—Electrodes; Connections thereof used in cells for the electrolysis of melts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrolysis cell and a method for operating the same.
  • the invention relates to electrical current distribution in a cell of the Hall-Héroult type for production of aluminium.
  • Each cell is constituted by an insulated parallelepiped steel container supporting a cathode containing prebaked carbon blocks in which there are sealed some steel rods known as cathode current collector bars, which conduct the current out of the cell, traditionally approximately 50% from each of the long sides of the cell.
  • the cathode current collector bars are connected to the busbar system, which serve to conduct the current from the cathodes towards the anodes of the following cell.
  • the anode system composed of carbon, steel and aluminium, is fixed on a so-called “anode frame", with anode rods adjustable in height and electrically connected to the cathode rods of the preceding cell.
  • the electrolyte that is the solution of alumina in a molten cryolite mixture at 940-980 °C, is located between the anode system and the cathode.
  • the aluminium produced is deposited on the cathode surface.
  • a layer of liquid aluminium is kept permanently on the bottom of the cathode crucible.
  • the crucible is rectangular, the anode frame supporting the anodes is generally parallel to its large sides, whereas the cathode rods are parallel to its small sides known as cell heads.
  • the main magnetic field in the cell is cremated by the current flow in the anode and the cathode system. All other current flows will give perturbations to this created main field.
  • the cells are arranged in rows and can be disposed transversely in a side-by-side orientation; their short side is parallel to the axis of the potline. Alternatively, disposed longitudinally in an end-to-end orientation, their long side is parallel to the axis of the potline.
  • one potline is represented by two rows of cells. The current has opposite directions in the two rows.
  • the cells are connected electrically in series, the ends of the series being connected to the positive and negative outputs of an electric rectification and control substation.
  • the current distribution through the anode system is mainly affected by the arrangement of the anodes in the cell, as well as the design of the stub configuration of the anode hanger and their interface with the individual anode.
  • collector bars When it comes to the cathode system, it is normally designed in a manner where collector bars are embedded in individual cathode blocks in a horizontal manner. This technological solution has shown to be very reliable regarding problems with leakages of melt or bath through the cathode system. Further, the collector bars will be protected by the surrounding cathode material (carbon based material) that is highly resistant against high temperatures and corrosive attacks. Commonly, bus bars collect the current outside the cathode shell.
  • One shortcoming by this prior art is that the current distribution in the cathode system will be more intensive in the periphery of the cathode blocks than elsewhere.
  • the current should advantageously be distributed in a predefined manner, and at more appropriate areas of the cathode system, to obtain an even current distribution.
  • the designer should have several degrees of freedom in the process of developing an optimum cathode system, using skill to select a configuration (topology), which can result in an optimum current distribution.
  • NO-B-165203 discloses in its Fig. 1 an electrolysis cell with cathodic current outlet both in its sides and bottom.
  • D1 discloses an aluminium reduction cell with a potlining which may be of alumina, with cathode current collectors embedded therein.
  • the cell floor has an array of depressions with at least one collector at the bottom of each depression.
  • the depressions are filled with metal wettable bodies such as 5-20 mm diameter balls of titanium diboride, sized to prevent the entry of electrolyte or sludge.
  • the depressions may be elongate in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal magnetic field in the cell and further have an elliptical shape.
  • the collectors are embedded in the cathode without being wetted by the metal in the cell. Further, the vertical collector part is provided with a horizontal part that is embedded in the cathode material and that picks up current via the cathode material.
  • the present invention includes the application of vertical current leads of an optimised design. Further, the current leads (current outlets) can advantageously be electrically connected to horizontal collector bar elements that may extend partly or wholly through the cathode block. In the latter, its outermost end(-s) can be connected to the bus bar system for the cell.
  • the preferred, tapered (wedge shaped or conical) design of the current leads has shown to be optimal with regard to expansion and bending of the collector bar elements, which normally is of a current leading metal.
  • the angle of the tapered outlet is chosen based on considerations of mechanical strength, voltage drop and heat loss, and is preferably in the range of 5-15° relative to the vertical plane.
  • the preferred cathodic current distribution will depend on characteristic of the busbar system. It can be quite different for retrofitting the invention to existing busbar systems on one hand, or for a new busbar system design on the other hand. Hence, the preferred amount of current conducted out of the vertical outlets can be within the range 20-100 %, with 100 % representing a design with only vertical outlets.
  • the amount of current leads can be relatively low, for instance in an embodiment applying a commonly used amount of horizontal collector bars.
  • the MHD effects in an electrolysis cell can be improved, and it is possible to simplify the bus bar design of said cell by reducing its weight. As a consequence the investment costs can be reduced.
  • an optimised cathode current distribution system can be achieved that overcomes main shortcomings of prior art designs. Further, the accompanying claims define a method to operate a cell with improved cathode current distribution.
  • the purpose of the described designs is to obtain a low cathode voltage drop and an even or flat current distribution at the cathode block surface.
  • the corresponding collector bar design will also give possibility for a simplified busbar system (less weight and thereby cheaper) compared to a conventional collector bar design.
  • a key factor for success is the details around the vertical current outlets. During operation the cathode block will bend and heave upwards. The vertical collector bars must then also be allowed to slide upwards, otherwise the vertical outlets will be tom off the horizontal collector bars.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a collector bar design of an electrolysis cell 1 with anode arrangements 2, 3 and a cathode block 4.
  • the Figure discloses current outlets in the bottom part of the cell.
  • the cell may have both horizontal 5, 5' and vertical 6, 6' current outlets.
  • the outlet has one vertical outlet 25 to be connected with the cell's bus bar system (not shown).
  • the vertical outlet 25 is connected to one horizontal collector part 23 that is embedded in one cathode block 4.
  • the vertical and the horizontal parts can be made out of one piece for instance by casting, or it can be produced out of two separate parts interconnected by welding or similar joining methods that ensure good electrical conducting properties.
  • the parts can consist of steel or any other appropriate material.
  • the vertical outlet is penetrating the bottom part of the cathode structure.
  • the cathode structure comprises (from above) one cathode block 4, two or more layers of bricks 20-21 having the appropriate thermal and chemical properties, and the pot shell 22, normally made out of steel plates.
  • the pot shell may have a lowered section in the region of the outlet (not shown).
  • the vertical outlet penetrates the various layers through one hole or channel.
  • Outside the vertical outlet which may have a tapered shape, there is arranged a protective layer of a carbonaceous material 27 with good resistance to electrolyte and electrolyte reactant products.
  • the space between the protected vertical outlet and the cathode structure can be filled with a castable material 26 with good resistance to chemical attack by electrolyte and electrolyte reactant products.
  • One important feature relating to the vertical outlet design is that the current outlet is enclosed by the carbonaceous layer 27 that aids the vertical sliding of the outlet inside the hole or channel filled with castable material.
  • FIG. 3a one cathode block 4 is shown schematically. There are disclosed three collector bars 30, 31 and 32 embedded in the cathode block 4. There are two horizontal outlets 30', 31'and one vertical outlet 33.
  • collector bars 35, 36 embedded in a cathode block 4.
  • the collector bars have horizontal outlets 35' and 36'.
  • collector bar 36 has one vertical outlet 37.
  • collector bars 40, 41, 43 and 45 embedded in a carbon block 4.
  • Collector bar 45 and 40 have one horizontal outlet 45' and 40' respectively.
  • Collector bars 41 and 43 have vertical outlets 42 and 44 respectively.
  • Fig. 3d there are shown just one collector bar 50 embedded in one carbon block 4.
  • the collector bar have one horizontal outlet 50' and one vertical outlet 51.
  • Fig. 3e discloses a collector bar design where a collector bar 60 is embedded in a cathode block 4.
  • the collector bar 60 have two horizontal outlets 61', 61" and one centrally arranged vertical outlet 62.
  • the amount of current that is distributed through the individual outlets can be pre-calculated and optimized assisted by design software and verification trials.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé de fonctionnement d'une cellule d'électrolyse, dans lequel du courant électrique est conduit dans la cellule par le biais d'un agencement d'anode agencé dans la partie supérieure de la cellule, à travers un électrolyte conducteur électrique et en outre à travers une cathode sensiblement horizontale (4),
    caractérisé en ce que
    le courant électrique est conduit hors de la cellule par au moins une sortie de courant agencée sensiblement verticalement (25) ayant une partie effilée vers le bas et en ce que le courant électrique est collecté dans la cathode par une partie intérieure s'étendant horizontalement (23) de ladite sortie de courant (25) dans lequel ladite partie d'extension (23) est intégrée à la cathode.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la cathode comprend au moins une barre collectrice intégrée à celle-ci, dans lequel le courant est conduit hors de la cathode par au moins une extrémité horizontale de ladite barre collectrice,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la quantité de courant conduit hors de la cathode à l'au moins une sortie verticale est une proportion pré-calculée de celle de l'extrémité horizontale de la barre collectrice.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la quantité de courant conduit hors de la sortie verticale est dans la plage de 20 à 100 % du courant total, dans lequel 100 % représente une conception avec uniquement des sorties verticales.
  4. Cellule d'électrolyse comprenant une structure de cathode sensiblement horizontale d'un matériau conducteur électronique et ayant en outre des fils conducteurs de courant intégrés tels que des barres collectrices horizontales intégrées à celle-ci, la cellule comprenant en outre un système de barre omnibus,
    caractérisée en ce que
    ladite structure de cathode comprend au moins une sortie de courant électrique sensiblement verticale (25) connectée au système de barre omnibus, dans laquelle ladite sortie de courant comporte une partie effilée vers le bas et dans laquelle la sortie est munie d'au moins une partie conductrice de courant horizontale (23) qui est intégrée au matériau de cathode (4) et en contact électrique avec celui-ci.
  5. Cellule d'électrolyse selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisée en ce que
    ladite au moins une partie conductrice de courant horizontale est intégrée à une fente préformée dans le matériau de cathode par un matériau de colle ou un matériau similaire.
  6. Cellule d'électrolyse selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisée en ce que
    ladite au moins une partie conductrice de courant horizontale fait saillie à l'extérieur du matériau de cathode, et est en outre connectée électriquement au système de barre omnibus.
  7. Cellule d'électrolyse selon la revendication 6,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la partie conductrice de courant horizontale fait saillie à l'extérieur du matériau de cathode avec deux extrémités, lesdites deux extrémités étant connectées électriquement au système de barre omnibus.
  8. Cellule d'électrolyse selon la revendication 6 ou 7,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la partie conductrice de courant horizontale fait saillie à l'extérieur du matériau de cathode d'une extension mineure, ce qui facilite l'enlèvement et le remplacement de la cathode dans la coque de cathode.
  9. Cellule d'électrolyse selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la partie conductrice de courant horizontale est connectée au système de barre omnibus au moyen de couplages électriques flexibles.
  10. Cellule d'électrolyse selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la connexion entre le système de barre omnibus et la partie conductrice de courant horizontale se trouve à l'intérieur de la coque de cathode.
  11. Cellule d'électrolyse selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisée en ce que
    ladite au moins une sortie de courant électrique verticale est au moins partiellement entourée d'une couche carbonée.
  12. Cellule d'électrolyse selon la revendication 4 ou 11,
    caractérisée en ce que
    ladite au moins une sortie de courant électrique verticale est au moins partiellement intégrée dans un matériau moulable avec une bonne résistance aux attaques chimiques.
  13. Cellule d'électrolyse selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la partie effilée est de forme conique, de préférence avec un angle dans la plage de 5 à 10° par rapport au plan vertical.
  14. Cellule d'électrolyse selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la partie effilée est en forme de coin.
EP07808629A 2006-09-14 2007-09-12 Cellule d'électrolyse et procédé de fonctionnement de ladite cellule Active EP2066831B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20064165A NO332480B1 (no) 2006-09-14 2006-09-14 Elektrolysecelle samt fremgangsmate for drift av samme
PCT/NO2007/000323 WO2008033034A1 (fr) 2006-09-14 2007-09-12 Cellule d'électrolyse et procédé de fonctionnement de ladite cellule

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2066831A1 EP2066831A1 (fr) 2009-06-10
EP2066831A4 EP2066831A4 (fr) 2009-11-04
EP2066831B1 true EP2066831B1 (fr) 2011-04-27

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07808629A Active EP2066831B1 (fr) 2006-09-14 2007-09-12 Cellule d'électrolyse et procédé de fonctionnement de ladite cellule

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2066831B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101680102B (fr)
AT (1) ATE507325T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2007295188B2 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0716951B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2660998C (fr)
DE (1) DE602007014229D1 (fr)
EA (1) EA014744B1 (fr)
NO (1) NO332480B1 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ575484A (fr)
WO (1) WO2008033034A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200901822B (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO331318B1 (no) * 2007-04-02 2011-11-21 Norsk Hydro As Fremgangsmate for drift av elektrolyseceller koblet i serie samt samleskinnesystem for samme
FR2977898A1 (fr) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-18 Rio Tinto Alcan Int Ltd Aluminerie comprenant des cuves a sortie cathodique par le fond du caisson et des moyens de stabilisation des cuves
IN2014CN00886A (fr) 2011-07-12 2015-04-03 Rio Tinto Alcan Int Ltd
CN102925926A (zh) * 2011-08-10 2013-02-13 贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 阶梯式扎糊阴极结构
WO2014159715A1 (fr) * 2013-03-13 2014-10-02 Alcoa Inc. Systèmes et procédés de protection de cellules d'électrolyse
CN103981540B (zh) * 2014-05-28 2016-07-06 中南大学 一种含高导电骨架网络的铝电解槽复合阴极结构
NO20180369A1 (en) * 2018-03-14 2019-09-16 Norsk Hydro As Cathode elements for a Hall-Héroult cell for aluminium production and a cell of this type having such elements installed

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB816587A (en) * 1957-01-17 1959-07-15 Ind De L Aluminium Sa Improvements relating to electrolytic cells for the production of aluminium
DE1187809B (de) 1963-11-22 1965-02-25 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Elektrolysezelle zur schmelzflusselektrolytischen Herstellung von Aluminium
DE2833381A1 (de) * 1978-07-29 1980-02-14 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh Elektrolysezelle zum gewinnen von aluminium
AU541218B2 (en) * 1979-11-07 1984-12-20 Aluminium Pechiney Process and device for suppressing magnetic disturbances in electrolytic cells
DE3004071A1 (de) * 1979-12-21 1981-07-02 Schweizerische Aluminium AG, 3965 Chippis Schienenanordnung
EP0095854B1 (fr) * 1982-05-28 1987-08-19 Alcan International Limited Cellules à réduction électrolytique pour la production d'aluminium
GB8331769D0 (en) * 1983-11-29 1984-01-04 Alcan Int Ltd Aluminium reduction cells
SU1444402A1 (ru) * 1986-12-29 1988-12-15 Иркутский Филиал Всесоюзного Научно-Исследовательского И Проектного Института Алюминиевой,Магниевой И Электродной Промышленности Электролизер дл получени алюмини
NO164721C (no) * 1988-06-06 1990-11-07 Norsk Hydro As Anordning av skinnesystem paa store tverrstilte elektrolyseovner.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101680102A (zh) 2010-03-24
EA200900443A1 (ru) 2009-08-28
CA2660998C (fr) 2013-11-12
BRPI0716951B1 (pt) 2018-06-05
DE602007014229D1 (de) 2011-06-09
WO2008033034A1 (fr) 2008-03-20
NO20064165L (no) 2008-03-17
CA2660998A1 (fr) 2008-03-20
EA014744B1 (ru) 2011-02-28
BRPI0716951A2 (pt) 2013-10-29
CN101680102B (zh) 2011-11-09
NO332480B1 (no) 2012-09-24
WO2008033034A8 (fr) 2009-04-16
ATE507325T1 (de) 2011-05-15
EP2066831A1 (fr) 2009-06-10
AU2007295188B2 (en) 2011-07-28
NZ575484A (en) 2011-01-28
ZA200901822B (en) 2010-04-28
AU2007295188A1 (en) 2008-03-20
EP2066831A4 (fr) 2009-11-04

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