EP2061648A2 - Tube en plastique renforcé - Google Patents
Tube en plastique renforcéInfo
- Publication number
- EP2061648A2 EP2061648A2 EP06814667A EP06814667A EP2061648A2 EP 2061648 A2 EP2061648 A2 EP 2061648A2 EP 06814667 A EP06814667 A EP 06814667A EP 06814667 A EP06814667 A EP 06814667A EP 2061648 A2 EP2061648 A2 EP 2061648A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- fibers
- fabric
- woven fabric
- high tenacity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002990 reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- ZDVQVDCKOMMHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZDVQVDCKOMMHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000346 polystyrene-polyisoprene block-polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004705 High-molecular-weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002633 Kraton (polymer) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003244 diene elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXIJHCSGLOHNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylbut-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 DXIJHCSGLOHNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920010126 Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920012485 Plasticized Polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920010741 Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;prop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001891 gel spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002681 hypalon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006284 nylon film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006289 polycarbonate film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006216 polyvinyl aromatic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/10—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements not embedded in the wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
- F16L58/02—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings
- F16L58/16—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings the coating being in the form of a bandage
Definitions
- This invention relates to reinforced plastic pipes, and in particular to reinforced plastic pipes for conveying natural gas.
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- HDPE natural gas pipes are typically buried underground. In such an environment, they are subject to possible breakage due to scratches or the like from rocks, heavy machinery, etc.
- a pipe for distribution of natural gas comprising: (a) a plastic pipe, the pipe having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface defining a channel for conveying natural gas therethrough, and (b) a fabric overlying at least a portion of the outer surface of the pipe and forming a sleeve around at least a portion of the pipe, the fabric comprising high tenacity polyolefin fibers, whereby the pipe is resistant to impact and has improved burst strength.
- a pipe for distribution of natural gas comprising:
- a plastic pipe having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface defining a channel for conveying natural gas therethrough
- a non-woven fabric overlying at least a portion of the outer surface of the pipe in a helical manner and forming a sleeve around at least a portion of the pipe, the sleeve being movable over the pipe, the fabric comprising high tenacity polyolefin fibers, whereby the pipe is resistant to impact and has improved burst strength.
- a pipe for distribution of natural gas comprising:
- a plastic pipe having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface defining a channel for conveying natural gas therethrough
- a woven fabric overlying at least a portion of the outer surface of the pipe in a helical manner and forming a sleeve around at least a portion of the pipe, the woven fabric comprising high tenacity polyolefin fibers, whereby the pipe is resistant to impact and has improved burst strength.
- the invention thus provides an improved natural gas distribution pipe which has improved abrasion resistance and also has improved burst strength.
- the use of high tenacity polyolefin fibers in the fabric which overlies the outer surface of the plastic pipe provides the improved protection and burst strength without significantly adding to the weight of the pipe or the cost of manufacture.
- the pipe thus has excellent reinforcement properties at a relatively low cost.
- the pipe can be used to distribute natural gas under low pressure or under higher pressures.
- the plastic pipe which forms the basis of the construction of this invention is formed from a thermoplastic material.
- the plastic pipe is formed from high density polyethylene (HDPE) resin, in a known fashion.
- the HDPE resin may be a homopolymer or a copolymer with minor amounts of comonomers such as propylene, butene, hexene, etc.
- the pipe is preferably formed in a known manner, such as by extrusion from a cylindrical die under appropriate heat and pressure.
- the plastic pipe preferably has a circular cross- section, although other cross-sections may be utilized, and is semi-flexible.
- the outer surface of the plastic pipe is preferably smooth, although it may alternatively have a plurality of ribs to enhance its flexibility.
- the pipe has an inner surface which defines an internal channel of the pipe for conveying product therethrough.
- the plastic pipe is adapted to convey natural gas through the channel.
- the pipe may be of any suitable internal diameter and thickness; typical diameters include 4 inches ( 10.2 cm). 12 inches (30.5 cm) and 24 inches (61.0 cm).
- the present invention includes a fabric sleeve which overlies the outer surface of the pipe.
- the fabric is formed from high tenacity polyolefin fibers. preferably high tenacity polyethylene fibers and/or high tenacity polypropylene fibers.
- a fiber is an elongate body the length dimension of which is much greater that the transverse dimensions of width and thickness. Accordingly, the term fiber includes monofilament, multifilament, ribbon, strip, staple and other forms of chopped, cut or discontinuous fiber and the like having regular or irregular cross-section.
- the term "fiber" includes a plurality of any of the foregoing or a combination thereof.
- a yarn is a continuous strand comprised of many fibers or filaments.
- high tenacity fibers means fibers which have tenacities equal to or greater than about 7 g/d. Preferably, these fibers have initial tensile moduli of at least about 150 g/d and energies-to-break of at least about 8 J/g as measured by ASTM D2256.
- initial tensile modulus means the modulus of elasticity as measured by ASTM 2256 for a yarn and by ASTM D638 for an elastomer or matrix material.
- cross-sections of fibers useful in this invention may vary widely.
- the fibers may be circular, flat or oblong in cross-section. They also may be of irregular or regular multi-lobal cross-section having one or more regular or irregular lobes projecting from the linear or longitudinal axis of the filament. It is particularly preferred that the fibers be of substantially circular, fiat or oblong cross-section, most preferably that the fibers be of substantially circular cross- section.
- the fibers may be of any suitable denier, such as, for example, about 50 to about 3000 denier, more preferably from about 200 to about 5000 denier, still more preferably from about 650 to about 3000 denier, and most preferably from about 800 to about ] 500 denier.
- the fabric of this invention may be in the form of woven, knitted or non-woven fabrics formed from the high tenacity polyolefin fibers, most preferably high tenacity extended chain polyethylene fibers.
- the fibers in the fabric are such high tenacity fibers, more preferably at least about 75% by weight of the fibers in the fabric are such high tenacity fibers, and most preferably substantially all of the fibers in the fabric are high tenacity fibers, especially when the fabric is a non-woven fabric.
- the fabric is a woven or knitted fabric, preferably at least about 70%, more preferably at least about 90%, by weight of the fibers are the high tenacity polyolefin fibers.
- the remaining fibers in the fabric construction may be any suitable thermoplastic fibers, such as polyester or nylon fibers.
- non-thermoplastic fibers may be used in the fabric together with the high tenacity polyolefin fibers.
- examples of such other fibers include metal fibers, ceramic fibers, glass fibers, graphite fibers and the like.
- the yarns may be in essentially parallel alignment (unidirectionally aligned), or the yarns may be twisted, over-wrapped or entangled.
- the fabrics of the invention may be woven with yarns having different fibers in the warp and weft directions, or in other directions.
- the fabric when the fabric is a non-woven fabric substantially all of the fibers of the fabric are high tenacity polyolefin fibers.
- the fibers in the warp direction are high tenacity polyolefin fibers, most preferably high tenacity extended chain polyethylene fibers and the fibers in the weft direction are polyester fibers, more preferably polyethylene terephthalate fibers.
- the high strength fibers useful in the fabrics used in this invention are high tenacity polyolefin fibers, including high tenacity polyethylene fibers and/or high tenacity polypropylene fibers.
- the high tenacity polyethylene fibers are extended chain polyethylene fibers, which are also referred to as highly oriented high molecular weight polyethylene fibers.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,457,985 generally discusses such high molecular weight polyethylene fibers and polypropylene fibers, and the disclosure of this patent is hereby incorporated by reference to the extent that it is not inconsistent herewith.
- suitable fibers are those of weight average molecular weight of at least about 150,000, preferably at least about one million and more preferably between about two million and about five million.
- Such high molecular weight polyethylene fibers may be spun in solution (see U.S. Pat. No. 4, 137.394 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,356, 138), or a filament spun from a solution to form a gel structure (see U.S. Pat. No. 4.413, 1 10, German Off. No.
- polyethylene means a predominantly linear polyethylene material that may contain minor amounts of chain branching or comonomers not exceeding 5 modifying units per 100 main chain carbon atoms, and that may also contain admixed therewith not more than about 50 wt % of one or more polymeric additives such as alkene-1 -polymers, in particular low density polyethylene, polypropylene or polybutylene, copolymers containing mono-olefins as primary monomers, oxidized polyolefins, graft polyolefin copolymers and polyoxymethylenes, or low molecular weight additives such as antioxidants, lubricants, ultraviolet screening agents, colorants and the like which are commonly incorporated.
- polymeric additives such as alkene-1 -polymers, in particular low density polyethylene, polypropylene or polybutylene, copolymers containing mono-olefins as primary monomers, oxidized polyolefins, graft polyolefin copolymers
- High tenacity polyethylene fibers are commercially available and are sold under the trademark SPECTRA® by Honeywell International Inc. of Morristown, New Jersey, U.S.A.
- the tenacity of the polyethylene fibers is at least about 7 g/d, preferably at least about 15 g/d, more preferably at least about 20 g/d, still more preferably at least about 25 g/d and most preferably at least about 30 g/d.
- the initial tensile modulus of the fibers is preferably at least about 300 g/d, more preferably at least about 500 g/d , still more preferably at least about 1.000 g/d and most preferably at least about 1 ,200 g/d.
- polypropylene fibers of weight average molecular weight at least about 200,000, preferably at least about one million and more preferably at least about two million may be used.
- extended chain polypropylene may be formed into reasonably well oriented filaments by the techniques prescribed in the various references referred to above, and especially by the technique of U.S. Pat. No. 4,413, 1 10. Since polypropylene is a much less crystalline material than polyethylene and contains pendant methyl groups, tenacity values achievable with polypropylene are generally substantially lower than the corresponding values for polyethylene. Accordingly, a suitable tenacity is preferably at least about 8 g/d, more preferably at least about 1 1 g/d.
- the initial tensile modulus for polypropylene is preferably at least about 160 g/d. more preferably at least about 200 g/d.
- the melting point of the polypropylene is generally raised several degrees by the orientation process, such that the polypropylene filament preferably has a main melting point of at least 168 0 C. more preferably at least 17O 0 C.
- the particularly preferred ranges for the above described parameters can advantageously provide improved performance in the final article.
- Employing fibers having a weight average molecular weight of at least about 200,000 coupled with the preferred ranges for the above-described parameters (modulus and tenacity) can provide advantageously improved performance in the final article.
- the high strength fibers may be in the form of a woven, knitted or non-woven fabric.
- One preferred material is a woven fabric formed from SPECTRA® extended chain polyethylene fibers.
- the fabric preferably has between about 15 and about 55 ends per inch (about 5.9 to about 21 .6 ends per cm) in both the warp and fill directions, and more preferably between about 17 and about 45 ends per inch (about 6.7 to about 17.7 ends per cm).
- the yarns are preferably each between about 200 and about 1200 denier.
- the result is a woven fabric weighing preferably between about 2 and about 15 ounces per square yard (about 67.8 to about 508.6 g/nr), and more preferably between about 5 and about 1 1 ounces per square yard (about 169.5 to about 373.0 g/m 2 ).
- fabrics are those designated as SPECTRA® fabric styles 902, 904, 952, 955 and 960.
- SPECTRA® fabric styles 902, 904, 952, 955 and 960 are those designated as SPECTRA® fabric styles 902, 904, 952, 955 and 960.
- the fabric constructions described here are exemplary only and not intended to limit the invention thereto.
- a woven fabric may be of any weave pattern, including plain weave, twill, satin, three dimensional woven fabrics, and any of their several variations. Plain weave fabrics are preferred and more preferred are plain weave fabrics having an equal warp and weft count.
- the woven fabric may be used with or without a resin matrix, as discussed below with respect to the non- woven fabrics.
- the high strength fabric may also preferably be in the form of a non- woven fabric, such as plies of unidirectionally oriented fibers, or fibers which are felted in a random orientation, which are embedded in a suitable resin matrix.
- the non-woven fabric is formed from unidirectionally oriented high tenacity fibers extended chain polyethylene fibers.
- the non-woven fabric is formed from a plurality of plies of individual layers of unidirectionally oriented fibers in which the fibers in one layer extend in one direction and the fibers of an adjacent layer extend in a direction at an angle to the one direction, such as 90°, from the fibers in the first layer.
- the individual plies are unidirectionally oriented fibers
- the successive plies are preferably rotated relative to one another, for example at angles of 0790° or 074579074570° or at other angles.
- One such suitable arrangement is a fibrous layer in which the fibers are aligned parallel to one another along a common fiber direction (referred to as a "unidirectionally aligned fiber network"). Successive layers of such unidirectionally aligned fibers can be rotated with respect to the previous layer.
- the fibrous layers of the composite are cross-plied, that is, with the fiber direction of the unidirectional fibers of each network layer rotated with respect to the fiber direction of the unidirectional fibers of the adjacent layers.
- An example is a five layer structure with the second, third, fourth and fifth layers rotated +45°, -45°, 90° and 0° with respect to the first layer.
- Another example is a two layer structure with a 0790° layup. Such rotated unidirectional alignments are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,457,985; 4,748,064; 4,916,000; 4,403,012; 4,623,574; and 4,737,402.
- the resin matrix for the unidirectionally oriented fiber plies may be formed from a wide variety of thermoplastic, and preferably elastomeric, materials having desired characteristics.
- the elastomeric materials used in such matrix possess initial tensile modulus (modulus of elasticity) equal to or less than about 6,000 psi (41 .4 MPa) as measured by ASTM D638. More preferably, the elastomer has initial tensile modulus equal to or less than about 2,400 psi ( 16.5 MPa). Most preferably, the elastomeric material has initial tensile modulus equal to or less than about 1.200 psi (8.23 MPa). These resinous materials are typically thermoplastic in nature.
- the resin matrix may be selected to have a high tensile modulus when cured, as at least about 1 x 10 6 psi (6895 MPa). Examples of such materials are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent 6.642, 159. the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
- the proportion of the resin matrix material to fiber in the fabric matrix preferably forms about 1 to about 98 percent by weight, more preferably from about 5 to about 95 percent by weight, and most preferably from about 5 to about 40 percent by weight, of the total weight of the fabric matrix.
- thermoplastic materials may be utilized as the resin matrix.
- any of the following materials may be employed: polybutadiene, polyisoprene, natural rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers, polysulfide polymers, polyurethane elastomers, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, polychloroprene, plasticized polyvinylchloride using dioctyl phthalate or other plasticizers well known in the art, butadiene acrylonitrile elastomers, poly (isobutylene-co-isoprene). polyacrylates, polyesters, polyethers, fluoroelastomers, silicone elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, and copolymers of ethylene.
- One preferred group of materials for high tenacity polyolefin fiber fabrics are block copolymers of conjugated dienes and vinyl aromatic copolymers.
- Butadiene and isoprene are preferred conjugated diene elastomers.
- Styrene. vinyl toluene and t-butyl styrene are preferred conjugated aromatic monomers.
- Block copolymers incorporating polyisoprene may be hydrogenated to produce thermoplastic elastomers having saturated hydrocarbon elastomer segments.
- the resin matrix is a flexible thermoplastic material.
- a preferred resin matrix is an isoprene-styrene-isoprene block copolymer, such as Kraton® Dl 107 isoprene-styrene-isoprene block copolymer available from Kraton Polymer LLC.
- the non-woven fabric useful herein is preferably formed by constructing a fiber network initially and then coating the network with the matrix composition.
- coating is used in a broad sense to describe a fiber network wherein the individual fibers either have a continuous layer of the matrix composition surrounding the fibers or a discontinuous layer of the matrix composition on the surfaced of the fibers. In the former case, it can be said that the fibers are fully embedded in the matrix composition.
- coating and impregnating are interchangeably used herein.
- the non-woven fabric may be constructed via a variety of methods. In the preferred case of a unidirectionally aligned fabric, yarn bundles of the high tenacity filaments are supplied from a creel and led through guides and one or more spreader bars into a
- the collimating comb aligns the filaments coplanarly and in a substantially unidirectional fashion.
- the high tenacity fabrics may be coated with the chosen matrix resin by applying the matrix composition to the fibers and then consolidating the matrix composition/high tenacity fibers in a known manner.
- Consolidating is meant that the matrix material and the fiber network layer are combined into a single unitary layer. Consolidation can occur via drying, cooling, heating, pressure or a combination thereof.
- one known technique is to pass the fibers from a creel and through a combing station to form a unidirectional fiber network.
- the fiber network is then placed on a carrier web and the matrix resin is coated thereon, such as by spraying or dipping using a roll coater or the like.
- the coated fiber (unitape) is then passed through an oven to evaporate the water or strip off the solvent from the composition and is wound up on a roller.
- the carrier web may be stripped from the fabric upon rolling or may be stripped when the fabric is used.
- a woven fabric In the case of a woven fabric, it may be surface coated or fully impregnated with a suitable resin matrix.
- the woven fabric may be spray coated with the resin matrix or dipped into a container containing the resin matrix, after which the water or solvent is driven off.
- the fabric sleeve is preferably applied to the plastic pipe by winding the fabric in a helical manner about the outer surface of the pipe.
- the pipe may initially be wound with the fabric in one direction, and then overlapped by winding the fabric in the opposite direction.
- each successive layer may, for example, overlap the previous layer by about one-half of the width of the previous layer.
- a winding angle of from about 40 to about 60 degrees is preferred. To achieve the maximum burst strength the winding angle should be about 57 degrees.
- the fabric sleeve is preferably not adhered to the outer surface of the pipe and merely overlies the outer surface so that it is free to move over the outer surface.
- the fabric sleeve may be adhered to the outer surface of the pipe by any suitable adhesive.
- adhesives that may be employed in this invention include thermoplastic and thermosetting adhesives. either in resin or cast film form. Such adhesives include pressure sensitive adhesives, high elongation urethanes, flexible epoxies, and the like.
- One or more plastic films can be included in the fabric structure in order to improved the adhesion between the fabric and the pipe.
- a plastic film may be employed on fabric surface which faces the outer surface of the pipe.
- Any suitable plastic film may be employed, such as films made of polyolefins.
- films are linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) films, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) films, polyester films, nylon films, polycarbonate films and the like.
- LLDPE films linear low density polyethylene
- UHMWPE ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene
- polyester films such as Terylene films
- nylon films polycarbonate films and the like.
- Preferably such films are LLDPE films.
- These films may be of any desirable thickness. Typical thicknesses range from about 0.1 to about 1 .2 mils (2.5 to 30 ⁇ m).
- a LLDPE film is adhered to a unidirectional tape of the high tenacity extended chain polyethylene fibers which have been coated with a resin matrix.
- the fabric sleeves of this invention are lightweight, strong, impact resistant, and inert to water. They greatly improve the burst strength of the plastic pipe and do not dramatically increase the weight or the cost of the structure.
- a reinforced plastic pipe is formed by helically winding a 4 inch ( 10.2 cm) internal diameter HDPE pipe with a high tenacity extended chain polyethylene fabric.
- the fabric is a unidirectional tape formed from 650 denier Spectra® 1000 yarn having 34 ends per inch (13.4 ends per cm).
- the Spectra 1000 ⁇ yarn is a high tenacity extended chain polyethylene yarn having a tenacity of 36 g/d and an initial tensile modulus of 1 175 g/d.
- the unitape is formed by passing the Spectra® fibers from a creel and through a combing station to form a unidirectional network. The fiber network is then placed on a carrier web and the matrix resin is coated thereon.
- the resin matrix is a thermoplastic elastomer (Kraton® Dl 107 isoprene-styrene-isoprene block copolymer available from Kraton Polymer LLC).
- the coated fiber network is then passed through an oven to evaporate the solvent and is wound up on a roller, with the carrier web stripped therefrom, in preparation for forming the pipe reinforcement.
- the resulting unitape structure contains 30 weight percent of the elastomer resin matrix.
- the unitape non-woven fabric 8.5 inches (21.6 cm) wide is helically wound about the HDPE pipe, with succeeding layers overlapping the previous layers by about one-half of the width. No adhesive is used to bond the fabric to the HDPE pipe.
- the winding angle is 57 degrees and the fabric is wound first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.
- the fabric sleeve is movable over the pipe.
- the reinforced plastic pipe is tested for burst strength and other properties. It is found that the burst strength of the reinforced pipe exceeds 2000 psi (13,780 kPA). In contrast, the unreinforced pipe has a burst strength of 200 psi (l 378 kPA).
- a reinforced pipe is formed by helically winding a 4 inch (10.2 cm) internal diameter HDPE pipe with a high tenacity extended chain polyethylene fabric.
- the fabric is a woven fabric (available from Barrday, Inc. of Ontario, Canada) formed from 2400 denier Spectra® 900 yarn (tenacity of 30 g/d and initial tensile modulus of 850 g/d) having 30 ends per inch ( 1 1 .8 ends per cm) in the warp and 650 denier polyethylene terephthalate yarn having 20 ends per inch (7.9 ends per cm) in the weft.
- Strips of the woven fabric which are 8 inches (20.3 cm), wide are helically wound about the HDPE pipe, with succeeding layers overlapping the previous layers by one-half of the width. No adhesive is used to bond the fabric to the HDPE pipe.
- the winding angle is 57 degrees and the fabric is wound first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.
- the fabric sleeve is movable over the pipe.
- the reinforced plastic pipe is tested for burst strength and other properties. It is found that the burst strength of the reinforced pipe exceeds 2000 psi ( 13,780 kPA). In contrast, the unreinforced pipe has a burst strength of 200 psi ( 1378 kPA).
- Example 1 is repeated except that the unitape is formed from 4800 denier Spectra® 900 yarn, which has a tenacity of 25.5 g/d and an initial tensile modulus of 785 g/d..
- Example 1 is repeated except that the unitape is formed from 1200 denier Spectra® 900 yarn, which has a tenacity of 30 g/d and an initial tensile modulus of 850 g/d..
- the reinforced plastic pipe of this invention has substantially increased burst strength compared with unreinforced pipe.
- the pipe also has improved impact resistance.
- the pipe can be used to transport natural gas under low pressure ( ⁇ 200 psi ( 1378 kPA)) or under higher pressures. In particular, the pipe can be used to transport natural gas under pressures exceeding 200 psi ( 1378 kPA).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne des tubes en plastique, tels que des tubes en plastique de polyéthylène haute densité, qui servent à la distribution de gaz naturel et présentent une résistance aux chocs et à l'éclatement améliorée. Le tube en plastique présente une surface intérieure et une surface extérieure, la surface intérieure délimitant un canal servant à acheminer du gaz naturel ou analogue. Une toile recouvre la surface extérieure, de préférence par enrobement hélicoïdal. La toile est constituée de fibres polyoléfiniques à haute ténacité, de préférence des fibres de polyéthylène et/ou de polypropylène. La toile confère au tube une résistance à l'éclatement et aux chocs améliorée. Le tube peut être utilisé pour transporter le gaz naturel à basse pression ou à des pressions supérieures.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2006/035878 WO2008033134A2 (fr) | 2006-09-14 | 2006-09-14 | Tube en plastique renforcé |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2061648A2 true EP2061648A2 (fr) | 2009-05-27 |
Family
ID=39184237
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06814667A Withdrawn EP2061648A2 (fr) | 2006-09-14 | 2006-09-14 | Tube en plastique renforcé |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2061648A2 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2010503553A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008033134A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8187687B2 (en) * | 2006-03-21 | 2012-05-29 | Fiberspar Corporation | Reinforcing matrix for spoolable pipe |
EP2707637A4 (fr) * | 2011-05-13 | 2015-06-17 | Nat Oilwell Varco Denmark Is | Tuyau flexible libre |
KR101365743B1 (ko) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-02-20 | (주)피피아이평화 | 고강도 및 내동파성이 우수한 배관용 p.v.c. 파이프 |
KR101365744B1 (ko) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-02-20 | (주)피피아이평화 | 고강도 및 내동파성이 우수한 배관용 합성수지 이중 파이프 |
FR3002611B1 (fr) * | 2013-02-25 | 2015-08-14 | Technip France | Conduite flexible pour le transport des hydrocarbures a gaine d'etancheite externe renforcee |
RU204558U1 (ru) * | 2020-06-08 | 2021-05-31 | Михаил Алексеевич Попов | Композитная труба |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5765600A (en) * | 1994-08-29 | 1998-06-16 | Gas Research Institute | Pipe designs using composite materials |
-
2006
- 2006-09-14 WO PCT/US2006/035878 patent/WO2008033134A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2006-09-14 EP EP06814667A patent/EP2061648A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-09-14 JP JP2009528212A patent/JP2010503553A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2008033134A3 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008033134A3 (fr) | 2008-05-08 |
JP2010503553A (ja) | 2010-02-04 |
WO2008033134A2 (fr) | 2008-03-20 |
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