EP2055493A2 - Method of authenticating sensitive documents - Google Patents
Method of authenticating sensitive documents Download PDFInfo
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- EP2055493A2 EP2055493A2 EP08170832A EP08170832A EP2055493A2 EP 2055493 A2 EP2055493 A2 EP 2055493A2 EP 08170832 A EP08170832 A EP 08170832A EP 08170832 A EP08170832 A EP 08170832A EP 2055493 A2 EP2055493 A2 EP 2055493A2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- response
- substances
- laser
- excitation
- ticket
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- -1 neodymium Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229950001503 ethyl dibunate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Y+3] JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- HIQSCMNRKRMPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-J lithium;yttrium(3+);tetrafluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Y+3] HIQSCMNRKRMPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 abstract 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910019901 yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 36
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000014698 Brassica juncea var multisecta Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000000918 Europium Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 241000251184 Rajiformes Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000990 laser dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000109 alkoxy-substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012550 audit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004298 light response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/14—Security printing
- B41M3/144—Security printing using fluorescent, luminescent or iridescent effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
- G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
- G07D7/1205—Testing spectral properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for authenticating sensitive documents such as fiduciary documents, as well as documents and means for implementing such a method.
- Such means may allow authentication of a document by any user; this is the case of authentication means known as "general public", which do not require any machine or complex device to enable the authentication of the document.
- optical properties are easily perceptible to the human eye, or to suitable sensors.
- these optical signs use the luminescence properties of suitable substances which, subjected to a given excitation radiation, in return produce an emission according to a determined spectrum.
- the authentication of the document in which these substances are integrated is done by comparing the spectrum of the transmitted response with an expected spectrum, this comparison may involve electro-optical machines or not.
- An object of the invention is to enable such a luminescent coding of sensitive documents to be carried out.
- Another object of the invention is to avoid in addition to resorting to this for expensive substances to manufacture and / or integrate the document, so as not to excessively overburden the cost of the document.
- a bank note is produced according to the invention by integrating a security marking made of silica fibers doped with a laser dye into said banknote.
- Such doped fibers constitute a material whose pores have a size of the order of a few tens to a few hundred angstroms, thus constituting a mesoscopic structure, and are ordered, so that the structure formed by the pores is homogeneous.
- This first aqueous solution is then stirred, then 0.05 mol of TBOS of formula (C4H9O) 4Si is added without stirring the solution, so as to cover the surface with a thin layer of TBOS.
- the percentage by weight of dye in the fibers is thus of the order of 15%.
- fibers are obtained whose physical characteristics (dimensions, the diameter of fibers obtained by this process being of the order of 22 angstroms) and optical characteristics (absorption coefficient and birefringence coefficient) are homogeneous; these fibers constitute efficient waveguides.
- These fibers can then be integrated into a banknote (or any sensitive document) by any known means, for example by embedding the fibers in the paper weft, by constituting a security thread in which doped fibers are integrated, and it even embedded in the thickness of the paper, by diluting these fibers in an ink or a printing varnish of the bill, etc.
- the fibers incorporated in the ticket are a security sign that is invisible to an observer, but recognizable by machine.
- the note to which the fibers have been integrated into the radiation of a laser source is exposed.
- the laser is Nd: YAG type with a peak emission at 532 nm, a frequency of 10Hz.
- This laser effect results from the internal reflections of the photons inside the fibers of which they are trapped throughout their path in the fiber.
- Such a code is recognized by reading the light signal emitted by the bill, thanks to a set of sensors adapted to collect and quantify the light emitted by the bill in response to the excitation of the laser, according to the expected frequency lines.
- Such a sensor assembly may comprise a series of separating mirrors each of which directs a portion of the light emitted by the bill to a sensor associated with a specific wavelength (for example a photoelectric diode in series behind a colored filter), or still a matrix sensor of the CCD type.
- a sensor associated with a specific wavelength for example a photoelectric diode in series behind a colored filter
- a memory containing the expected response of the note is connected to the sensor assembly, and a comparator compares the signal picked up and the expected signal.
- the high fineness of the spectra of the response spectra makes it possible to perform efficient coding, which was not really the case with light-emitting substances with a broad spectrum of response.
- rhodamine for other materials whose response to a laser excitation is focused around a discrete line, or a finite number of emission lines; in particular rhodamine may be replaced by nanocrystals doped with one or more rare earth ions, or by conjugated polymers.
- These semiconductor organic elements may be made from a polymer of the MEH-PPV type (poly (2-methoxy-5- (2'-ethylhexyloxy) -1,4-phenylenevinylene)) or PPV (poly ( p-phenylenevinylene)), and may be in the solid state, preferably dispersed in a glass-type host-support for example. It is also possible to further stimulate the laser effect by adding in the host support scattering particles, for example TiO2.
- the polymer chains can be further aligned.
- assemblies of organic elements can take the form of tubular structures that constitute waveguides, or stacks that can form microcavities.
- a mixture of Europium complexes can be used with polymers of the CN-PPP type (poly (2- (6'-cyano-6'-methyl-heptyloxy) -1,4-phenylene)).
- the Europium ions are incorporated into the polymer by synthesizing a family of soluble Europium complexes with ⁇ -diketonate ligands, dissolving these complexes in a solvent in conjugation with the polymer, and then rolling a film from this double dissolution.
- the triplet energy level of the ligand must be greater than the emission level of the Europium.
- the emission spectrum of the polymer and the absorption spectrum of the complex must overlap at least partially.
- the narrowness of the excitation lines of the laser source combined with the narrowness of the response lines of the molecules thus synthesized are used, in order to obtain an extremely well-marked response as a function of the complexes of Europium implemented in combination with CN-PPP; this makes it possible to implement a true coding, using in the same ticket different molecules whose response lines to a given excitation (for example a laser excitation close to the ultraviolet) are separated from a frequency band of the order of 5 nm.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé d'authentification de documents sensibles tels que des documents fiduciaires, ainsi que des documents et des moyens pour mettre en oeuvre un tel procédé.The present invention relates to a method for authenticating sensitive documents such as fiduciary documents, as well as documents and means for implementing such a method.
On connaît de nombreux moyens pour sécuriser et authentifier des documents sensibles.Many ways are known for securing and authenticating sensitive documents.
De tels moyen peuvent autoriser une authentification d'un document par tout utilisateur ; c'est le cas des moyens d'authentification dits « grand public », qui ne nécessitent aucune machine ou dispositif complexe pour permettre l'authentification du document.Such means may allow authentication of a document by any user; this is the case of authentication means known as "general public", which do not require any machine or complex device to enable the authentication of the document.
Il est ainsi connu d'intégrer dans des billets de banque des fils de sécurité ou des filigranes, ou encore des substances luminescentes produisant une émission de lumière particulière lorsque le billet est exposé à un rayonnement d'excitation donné (provenant d'une lampe à ultra-violets par exemple).It is thus known to incorporate in banknotes security threads or watermarks, or even luminescent substances producing a particular light emission when the bill is exposed to a given excitation radiation (from a lamp to ultra-violet for example).
Il est également connu de prévoir des signes de sécurité non lisibles par le grand public ; la détection de ces signes nécessite la mise en oeuvre d'une machine particulière, telle qu'un détecteur magnétique par exemple.It is also known to provide security signs that are not legible to the general public; the detection of these signs requires the implementation of a particular machine, such as a magnetic detector for example.
Les signes de ce dernier type constituent un niveau de sécurité supérieur, car ils ne sont pas directement accessibles au grand public.Signs of the latter type provide a higher level of security because they are not directly accessible to the general public.
Et de très nombreux signes de sécurité - grand public ou non - utilisent des propriétés optiques. En effet les propriétés optiques sont aisément perceptibles à l'oeil humain, ou à des capteurs adaptés.And many safety signs - general or not - use optical properties. Indeed the optical properties are easily perceptible to the human eye, or to suitable sensors.
Généralement, ces signes optiques utilisent les propriétés de luminescence de substances adaptées qui, soumises à un rayonnement d'excitation donnée, produisent en retour une émission selon un spectre déterminé. Et l'authentification du document auquel ces substances sont intégrées se fait par comparaison du spectre de la réponse émise avec un spectre attendu, cette comparaison pouvant faire intervenir des machines électro-optiques ou non.Generally, these optical signs use the luminescence properties of suitable substances which, subjected to a given excitation radiation, in return produce an emission according to a determined spectrum. And the authentication of the document in which these substances are integrated is done by comparing the spectrum of the transmitted response with an expected spectrum, this comparison may involve electro-optical machines or not.
On connaît par ailleurs des tentatives pour réaliser un document comportant un codage réalisé à partir de substances luminescentes. Le document
Le fait de prévoir ainsi des substances luminescentes destinées non seulement à être détectées, mais également à former un code spécifique associé au document, devrait permettre d'augmenter significativement le niveau de sécurité du document.The fact of thus providing luminescent substances intended not only to be detected, but also to form a specific code associated with the document, should make it possible to significantly increase the security level of the document.
Mais de telles tentatives ne permettent pas d'effectuer un codage efficace du document, en particulier à cause de la largeur importante des pics d'émission des substances utilisées ; il serait en effet nécessaire d'obtenir une réponse comportant des raies fines et distinctes pour réaliser un véritable codage.But such attempts do not allow efficient coding of the document, in particular because of the large width of the emission peaks of the substances used; it would indeed be necessary to obtain a response with fine and distinct lines to achieve a true coding.
Un but de l'invention est de permettre de réaliser un tel codage luminescent de documents sensibles.An object of the invention is to enable such a luminescent coding of sensitive documents to be carried out.
Un autre but de l'invention est d'éviter en outre de recourir pour cela à des substances onéreuses à fabriquer et/ou à intégrer au document, afin de ne pas alourdir de manière excessive le prix de revient du document.Another object of the invention is to avoid in addition to resorting to this for expensive substances to manufacture and / or integrate the document, so as not to excessively overburden the cost of the document.
Afin d'atteindre ces buts, l'invention propose un procédé d'authentification de documents sensibles tels que des billets de banque, le procédé comprenant :
- L'intégration au document d'au moins une substance luminescente apte à émettre de la lumière selon un spectre fréquentiel de réponse déterminé lorsque la substance est exposée à un rayonnement lumineux d'excitation,
- L'exposition du document à un rayonnement lumineux d'excitation, et
- Le recueil de la réponse du document audit rayonnement d'excitation,
- le rayonnement d'excitation est un rayonnement laser,
- chaque spectre fréquentiel de réponse est essentiellement composé d'au moins une raie, et
- le procédé comporte également le codage de la réponse lumineuse du document au rayonnement d'excitation, et la comparaison de cette réponse à une réponse attendue mémorisée.
- Integrating into the document at least one luminescent substance able to emit light according to a frequency spectrum of determined response when the substance is exposed to excitation light radiation,
- The exposure of the document to a bright light of excitation, and
- The collection of the response of the document to said excitation radiation,
- the excitation radiation is a laser radiation,
- each frequency spectrum of response is essentially composed of at least one line, and
- the method also includes coding the light response of the document to the excitation radiation, and comparing this response to a stored expected response.
D'autres aspects du procédé selon l'invention sont les suivants :
- chaque raie du ou des spectre(s) de réponse a une largeur à mi-hauteur inférieure à une valeur de l'ordre de 10nm,
- le codage est réalisé selon au moins une des manières suivantes :
- o codage spatial,
- o codage sur les fréquences de réponse,
- o codage en intensité de réponse.
- au moins une substance luminescente comprend des fibres dopées présentant un effet laser,
- les fibres sont des fibres de silice dopées avec un colorant laser,
- les fibres sont obtenues par croissance spontanée dans une solution aqueuse du type
- ○ 100 H2O,
- ○ 0.0246 CTAB (CTAB étant un agent de surface cationique, par exemple de formule CH3(CH2)15N(CH3)3Br),
- ○ 2.92 HCl,
- ○ 0.00017 Rh6G (Rh6G étant de la rhodamine)
- le rayonnement d'excitation laser est obtenu par un laser de type YAG présentant un pic d'émission vers 532 nm,
- au moins une substance luminescente comprend des éléments organiques semi-conducteurs présentant un effet laser à l'état solide,
- au moins un élément organique semi-conducteur est réalisé à partir d'un polymère de type MEH-PPV ou PPV,
- au moins une substance luminescente comprend un milieu ne présentant pas d'effet laser,
- ledit milieu comprend un mélange de complexes d'Europium avec des polymères du type CN-PPP (poly(2-(6'-cyano-6'-méthyl-heptyloxy)-1,4-phénylène)),
- les ions d'Europium sont incorporés au polymère en synthétisant une famille de complexes d'Europium solubles avec des ligands □-dicétonates, et en dissolvant ces complexes dans un solvant en conjugaison avec le polymère,
- le niveau d'énergie de triplets du ligand est supérieur au niveau d'émission de l'Europium,
- le spectre d'émission du polymère et le spectre d'absorption du complexe se recouvrent au moins partiellement,
- au moins une substance luminescente comprend une matrice-hôte dopée avec au moins un ion de terres rares,
- le codage est obtenu par au moins une des manières suivantes :
- o en utilisant des dopants différents sur une même matrice,
- o et/ou en mettant en oeuvre un même ion dopant sur des matrices de caractéristiques différentes.
- each line of the spectrum (s) of response has a width at half height less than a value of the order of 10 nm,
- the coding is performed according to at least one of the following ways:
- o spatial coding,
- o coding on the response frequencies,
- o coding in response intensity.
- at least one luminescent substance comprises doped fibers having a laser effect,
- the fibers are silica fibers doped with a laser dye,
- the fibers are obtained by spontaneous growth in an aqueous solution of the type
- ○ 100 H2O,
- ○ 0.0246 CTAB (CTAB being a cationic surfactant, for example of formula CH3 (CH2) 15N (CH3) 3Br),
- ○ 2.92 HCl,
- ○ 0.00017 Rh6G (Rh6G being rhodamine)
- the laser excitation radiation is obtained by a YAG laser having an emission peak around 532 nm,
- at least one luminescent substance comprises semiconductor organic elements having a solid state laser effect,
- at least one semiconductor organic element is produced from a polymer of the MEH-PPV or PPV type,
- at least one luminescent substance comprises a medium which does not exhibit a laser effect,
- said medium comprises a mixture of Europium complexes with polymers of CN-PPP type (poly (2- (6'-cyano-6'-methyl-heptyloxy) -1,4-phenylene)),
- the Europium ions are incorporated into the polymer by synthesizing a family of soluble Europium complexes with β-diketonate ligands, and dissolving these complexes in a solvent in conjugation with the polymer,
- the triplet energy level of the ligand is higher than the emission level of Europium,
- the emission spectrum of the polymer and the absorption spectrum of the complex overlap at least partially,
- at least one luminescent substance comprises a host matrix doped with at least one rare earth ion,
- the coding is obtained by at least one of the following ways:
- o using different dopants on the same matrix,
- and / or by implementing the same doping ion on matrices with different characteristics.
D'autres aspects, buts et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description suivante de formes préférées de réalisation de l'invention.Other aspects, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention.
Dans un premier mode de réalisation, on élabore selon l'invention un billet de banque en intégrant audit billet un marquage de sécurité réalisé à partir de fibres de silice dopées par un colorant laser.In a first embodiment, a bank note is produced according to the invention by integrating a security marking made of silica fibers doped with a laser dye into said banknote.
De telles fibres dopées constituent un matériau dont les pores ont une taille de l'ordre de quelques dizaines à quelques centaines d'angströms, constituant ainsi une structure mésoscopique, et sont ordonnés, de sorte que la structure formée par les pores est homogène.Such doped fibers constitute a material whose pores have a size of the order of a few tens to a few hundred angstroms, thus constituting a mesoscopic structure, and are ordered, so that the structure formed by the pores is homogeneous.
Ces fibres peuvent être synthétisées par croissance spontanée de fibres dans une solution aqueuse dont la composition molaire est la suivante :
- 100 H2O,
- 0.0246 CTAB (CTAB étant un agent de surface cationique, par exemple de formule CH3(CH2)15N(CH3)3Br),
- 2.92 HCl,
- 0.00017 Rh6G (Rh6G étant un colorant cationique tel que la rhodamine).
- 100 H2O,
- 0.0246 CTAB (CTAB being a cationic surfactant, for example of formula CH3 (CH2) 15N (CH3) 3Br),
- 2.92 HCl,
- 0.00017 Rh6G (Rh6G being a cationic dye such as rhodamine).
Cette première solution aqueuse est ensuite agitée, puis on ajoute 0.05 mole de TBOS de formule (C4H9O)4Si sans agiter la solution, de manière à recouvrir la surface d'une mince couche de TBOS.This first aqueous solution is then stirred, then 0.05 mol of TBOS of formula (C4H9O) 4Si is added without stirring the solution, so as to cover the surface with a thin layer of TBOS.
Comme expliqué dans l'article de
On procède au bout d'environ cinq jours au prélèvement de ces fibres, puis à leur séchage.After taking these fibers for about five days, they are then dried.
Dans un mode de réalisation, le pourcentage en poids de colorant dans les fibres est ainsi de l'ordre de 15%.In one embodiment, the percentage by weight of dye in the fibers is thus of the order of 15%.
Et on obtient de la sorte des fibres dont les caractéristiques physiques (dimensions, le diamètre de fibres obtenues selon ce procédé pouvant être de l'ordre de 22 angströms) et optiques (coefficient d'absorption et de biréfringence) sont homogènes ; ces fibres constituent des guides d'onde performants.And in this way fibers are obtained whose physical characteristics (dimensions, the diameter of fibers obtained by this process being of the order of 22 angstroms) and optical characteristics (absorption coefficient and birefringence coefficient) are homogeneous; these fibers constitute efficient waveguides.
On peut ensuite intégrer ces fibres dans un billet de banque (ou tout document sensible) par tout moyen connu, par exemple en noyant les fibres dans la trame du papier, en constituant un fil de sécurité auquel sont intégrées des fibres dopées, et lui-même intégré à l'épaisseur du papier, en diluant ces fibres dans une encre ou un vernis d'impression du billet, etc.These fibers can then be integrated into a banknote (or any sensitive document) by any known means, for example by embedding the fibers in the paper weft, by constituting a security thread in which doped fibers are integrated, and it even embedded in the thickness of the paper, by diluting these fibers in an ink or a printing varnish of the bill, etc.
Les fibres intégrées au billet constituent un signe de sécurité invisible à un observateur, mais reconnaissable par machine.The fibers incorporated in the ticket are a security sign that is invisible to an observer, but recognizable by machine.
Plus précisément, selon l'invention on expose le billet auquel les fibres ont été intégrées au rayonnement d'une source laser.More precisely, according to the invention, the note to which the fibers have been integrated into the radiation of a laser source is exposed.
L'énergie d'un tel rayonnement incident est concentrée dans une raie de fréquence très fine. Dans un mode préféré de réalisation de l'invention, le laser est de type Nd : YAG avec un pic d'émission à 532 nm, une fréquence de 10Hz.The energy of such incident radiation is concentrated in a very fine frequency line. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the laser is Nd: YAG type with a peak emission at 532 nm, a frequency of 10Hz.
En excitant les fibres dopées avec un tel rayonnement laser, on observe une réémission lumineuse de type laser par les fibres elles-mêmes, la rhodamine émettant selon un pic beaucoup plus marqué que dans le cas de l'exposition d'une simple solution de rhodamine au même rayonnement.By exciting the fibers doped with such a laser radiation, a laser-like light emission is observed by the fibers themselves, the rhodamine emitting at a much higher peak than in the case of the exposure of a simple solution of rhodamine at the same radiation.
Cet effet laser résulte des réflexions internes des photons à l'intérieur des fibres dont ils sont prisonniers tout au long de leur trajet dans la fibre.This laser effect results from the internal reflections of the photons inside the fibers of which they are trapped throughout their path in the fiber.
Et l'exploitation de cet effet laser, conjuguée selon l'invention à une exposition à un rayonnement d'excitation laser, permet d'obtenir des réponses de la part des fibres sous forme de raies extrêmement fines, la largeur caractéristique de ces raies (largeur à demi-hauteur) étant inférieure à 10 nm.And the exploitation of this laser effect, conjugated according to the invention to an exposure to laser excitation radiation, makes it possible to obtain responses from the fibers in the form of extremely fine lines, the characteristic width of these lines ( width at half height) being less than 10 nm.
Et selon l'invention, on dispose les fibres dans le billet de manière à réaliser un codage.
Ce codage peut être réalisé selon une ou plusieurs des dimensions suivantes :
- codage spatial : les fibres sont intégrées en certains endroits choisis du billet, de manière à réaliser un code géométrique (code à barres par exemple, ou figure graphique prédéterminée),
- codage sur les fréquences de réponse : on intègre dans ce cas plusieurs types de fibres dans le billet, chaque fibre ayant un spectre de réponse différent pour une excitation laser donnée. On pourra pour cela constituer des fibres à partir de colorants laser différents, comprenant ou non la rhodamine. De la sorte, on obtient en illuminant le billet avec des flash laser une réponse lumineuse selon certaines raies discrètes d'émission qui correspondent aux longueurs d'onde des raies d'émission des différents colorants,
- codage en intensité par variation de la quantité de rhodamine (ou de tout colorant) que comprennent différentes fibres intégrées dans le même billet. Dans ce cas, les différences de concentration de colorant dans les différentes fibres entraînent des différences dans les intensités de réponse de ces différentes fibres, qui sont par ailleurs centrées sur la même longueur d'onde,
This coding can be carried out according to one or more of the following dimensions:
- spatial coding: the fibers are integrated in certain selected places of the ticket, so as to produce a geometrical code (bar code for example, or predetermined graphic figure),
- coding on the response frequencies: in this case, we integrate several types of fibers in the ticket, each fiber having a different response spectrum for a given laser excitation. It may be for that to constitute fibers from different laser dyes, including or not rhodamine. In this way, a luminous response is obtained by illuminating the ticket with laser flashes according to certain discrete emission lines which correspond to the wavelengths of the emission lines of the various dyes.
- intensity coding by varying the amount of rhodamine (or any dye) that comprises different fibers integrated in the same note. In this case, differences in dye concentration in the different fibers cause differences in the response intensities of these different fibers, which are also centered on the same wavelength,
Un tel code est reconnu par lecture du signal lumineux émis par le billet, grâce à un ensemble de capteur adapté pour recueillir et quantifier la lumière émise par le billet en réponse à l'excitation du laser, selon les raies de fréquence attendues.Such a code is recognized by reading the light signal emitted by the bill, thanks to a set of sensors adapted to collect and quantify the light emitted by the bill in response to the excitation of the laser, according to the expected frequency lines.
Un tel ensemble de capteur peut comprendre une série de miroirs séparateurs dont chacun dirige une partie de la lumière émise par le billet vers un capteur associé à une longueur d'onde spécifique (par exemple une diode photoélectrique en série derrière un filtre coloré), ou encore un capteur matriciel du type CCD.Such a sensor assembly may comprise a series of separating mirrors each of which directs a portion of the light emitted by the bill to a sensor associated with a specific wavelength (for example a photoelectric diode in series behind a colored filter), or still a matrix sensor of the CCD type.
Dans tous les cas, l'ensemble de capteur recueille la lumière émise par le billet et produit des signaux électriques qui traduisent la présence et l'intensité d'émission lumineuse :
- pour chaque intervalle de longueur d'onde d'un spectre de réponse qui englobe les raies d'émission des différentes substances intégrées au billet - et qui comprend donc typiquement le visible et/ou l'infra-rouge ; chaque intervalle peut ainsi avoir une largeur de l'ordre de 5 à 10 nm,
- et pour chaque endroit du billet - l'ensemble de capteur ayant des moyens de repérage de sa position par rapport à la surface du billet, par exemple en utilisant une origine liée aux bords du billet ou à un signe-origine intégré au billet - la surface du billet peut ainsi être divisée en parcelles dont les dimensions sont adaptées à la résolution de l'ensemble de capteur et aux contraintes de fabrication.
- for each wavelength range of a response spectrum which includes the emission lines of the different substances integrated in the ticket - and which therefore typically comprises the visible and / or infra-red; each interval can thus have a width of the order of 5 to 10 nm,
- and for each location of the ticket - the sensor assembly having means for locating its position with respect to the ticket surface, for example using an origin related to the edges of the ticket or a sign-origin integrated in the ticket - the The ticket surface can thus be divided into parcels whose dimensions are adapted to the resolution of the sensor assembly and the manufacturing constraints.
Pour reconnaître le code, une mémoire contenant la réponse attendue du billet est reliée à l'ensemble de capteur, et un comparateur compare le signal capté et le signal attendu.To recognize the code, a memory containing the expected response of the note is connected to the sensor assembly, and a comparator compares the signal picked up and the expected signal.
La grande finesse des raies des spectres de réponse permet d'effectuer des codages efficaces, ce qui n'était pas réellement le cas avec les substances luminescentes à large spectre de réponse.The high fineness of the spectra of the response spectra makes it possible to perform efficient coding, which was not really the case with light-emitting substances with a broad spectrum of response.
Il est également possible de substituer à la rhodamine d'autres matériaux dont la réponse à une excitation laser serait focalisée autour d'une raie discrète, ou d'un nombre fini de raies d'émission ; on pourra en particulier remplacer la rhodamine par des nanocristaux dopés par un ou plusieurs ions de terres rares, ou par des polymères conjugués.It is also possible to substitute rhodamine for other materials whose response to a laser excitation is focused around a discrete line, or a finite number of emission lines; in particular rhodamine may be replaced by nanocrystals doped with one or more rare earth ions, or by conjugated polymers.
Il est encore possible de remplacer dans le billet les fibres dopées par un dopage du papier ou d'une encre d'impression du papier avec des pigments constitués de l'assemblage d'éléments organiques semi-conducteurs à effet laser à l'état solide.It is still possible to replace in the ticket the doped fibers by doping the paper or a paper printing ink with pigments consisting of the assembly of semiconductor organic elements with a solid state laser effect. .
Dans ce deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention qui procure également un effet laser pour la réponse à un rayonnement incident, ce sont donc ces éléments organiques qui procurent l'effet laser. On trouvera une description plus complète de tels éléments organiques dans l'article de
Ces éléments organiques semi-conducteurs peuvent être réalisés à partir d'un polymère du type MEH-PPV (poly(2-méthoxy-5-(2'-éthyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phénylenevinylène)) ou PPV (poly(p-phénylènevinylène)), et peuvent être à l'état solide, de préférence dispersés dans un support-hôte du type verre par exemple. Il est également possible de stimuler encore l'effet laser en ajoutant dans le support-hôte des particules diffusantes, par exemple du TiO2.These semiconductor organic elements may be made from a polymer of the MEH-PPV type (poly (2-methoxy-5- (2'-ethylhexyloxy) -1,4-phenylenevinylene)) or PPV (poly ( p-phenylenevinylene)), and may be in the solid state, preferably dispersed in a glass-type host-support for example. It is also possible to further stimulate the laser effect by adding in the host support scattering particles, for example TiO2.
Pour définir les propriétés de polarisation de tels matériaux, on peut en outre aligner les chaînes de polymères.To define the polarization properties of such materials, the polymer chains can be further aligned.
Et ces assemblages d'éléments organiques peuvent prendre la forme de structures tubulaires qui constituent des guides d'onde, ou bien d'empilements pouvant former des microcavités.And these assemblies of organic elements can take the form of tubular structures that constitute waveguides, or stacks that can form microcavities.
Enfin, il est aussi possible de mettre en oeuvre l'invention sans exploiter un réel « effet laser », c'est à dire un saut de l'énergie émise en réponse à un excitation pour concentrer cette énergie en des raies discrètes, l'important étant de pouvoir obtenir du billet une réponse sous forme de raies discrètes d'une largeur typiquement inférieure à environ 10nm.Finally, it is also possible to implement the invention without exploiting a real "laser effect", ie a jump of the energy emitted in response to an excitation to concentrate this energy in discrete lines, the important thing is to be able to get the ticket a response in the form of discrete lines of a width typically less than about 10nm.
Ainsi, dans une variante de réalisation de l'invention, on procède à l'authentification de billets :
- toujours par recueil et analyse de la réponse codée des billets à un rayonnement d'une source laser (ce point étant important pour ne stimuler les substances intégrées au billet que selon une ou des raie(s) spectrale(s) bien déterminée(s)),
- mais sans exploiter un effet laser fourni par ces substances.
- always by collecting and analyzing the coded response of the banknotes to radiation from a laser source (this point being important in order to stimulate the substances integrated in the banknote only according to one or more determined spectral lines) )
- but without exploiting a laser effect provided by these substances.
Dans ce cas, on utilisera des molécules de synthèse intégrées dans le papier du billet, ou dans une encre ou un vernis, ou encore dans un support intermédiaire tel qu'un fil de sécurité.In this case, use will be made of synthesis molecules embedded in the paper of the note, or in an ink or varnish, or in an intermediate medium such as a security thread.
On trouvera des exemples de synthèse de telles molécules dans l'article de
Ainsi, on pourra utiliser un mélange de complexes d'Europium avec des polymères du type CN-PPP (poly(2-(6'-cyano-6'-méthyl-heptyloxy)-1,4-phénylène)).Thus, a mixture of Europium complexes can be used with polymers of the CN-PPP type (poly (2- (6'-cyano-6'-methyl-heptyloxy) -1,4-phenylene)).
Plus précisément, les ions d'Europium sont incorporés au polymère en synthétisant une famille de complexes d'Europium solubles avec des ligands □-dicétonates, en dissolvant ces complexes dans un solvant en conjugaison avec le polymère, puis en laminant un film issu de cette double dissolution.More specifically, the Europium ions are incorporated into the polymer by synthesizing a family of soluble Europium complexes with β-diketonate ligands, dissolving these complexes in a solvent in conjugation with the polymer, and then rolling a film from this double dissolution.
Pour obtenir des complexes d'Europium fluorescents, le niveau d'énergie de triplets du ligand doit être supérieur au niveau d'émission de l'Europium.To obtain fluorescent Europium complexes, the triplet energy level of the ligand must be greater than the emission level of the Europium.
De plus, pour permettre le transfert d'énergie du polymère conjugué aux ligands du complexe d'Europium, le spectre d'émission du polymère et le spectre d'absorption du complexe doivent se recouvrir au moins partiellement.In addition, to allow the energy transfer of the conjugated polymer to the ligands of the Europium complex, the emission spectrum of the polymer and the absorption spectrum of the complex must overlap at least partially.
On peut ainsi synthétiser différentes molécules à partir de CN-PPP, comme expliqué dans l'article de Mc Gehee et al. Ces molécules ont la particularité d'émettre selon des raies très fines (dont la largeur à mi-hauteur est inférieure à 10nm), en réponse à une excitation lumineuse ultraviolette.It is thus possible to synthesize different molecules from CN-PPP, as explained in the article by Mc Gehee et al. These molecules have the characteristic of emitting in very fine lines (whose width at half height is less than 10 nm), in response to an ultraviolet light excitation.
A titre d'exemple, on peut dans les conditions évoquées ci-dessus synthétiser quatre complexes d'Europium : Eu(acac)3phen, Eu(mppd)3phen, Eu(dbm)3phen, et Eu(dnm)3phen. La structure de ces complexes est précisée page 1350 de l'article de Mc Gehee et al.By way of example, it is possible under the conditions mentioned above to synthesize four Europium complexes: Eu (acac) 3phen, Eu (mppd) 3phen, Eu (dbm) 3phen, and Eu (dnm) 3phen. The structure of these complexes is specified on page 1350 of the article by Mc Gehee et al.
Dans cette variante de réalisation de l'invention, on utilise l'étroitesse des raies d'excitation de la source laser combinée à l'étroitesse des raies de réponse des molécules ainsi synthétisées, pour obtenir une réponse extrêmement bien marquée en fonction des complexes d'Europium mis en oeuvre en combinaison avec le CN-PPP ; ceci permet de mettre en oeuvre un véritable codage, en utilisant dans un même billet différentes molécules dont les raies de réponse à une excitation donnée (par exemple une excitation laser proche de l'ultra-violet) soient séparées d'une bande de fréquence de l'ordre de 5 nm.In this variant embodiment of the invention, the narrowness of the excitation lines of the laser source combined with the narrowness of the response lines of the molecules thus synthesized are used, in order to obtain an extremely well-marked response as a function of the complexes of Europium implemented in combination with CN-PPP; this makes it possible to implement a true coding, using in the same ticket different molecules whose response lines to a given excitation (for example a laser excitation close to the ultraviolet) are separated from a frequency band of the order of 5 nm.
Enfin, il est également possible selon une autre variante de l'invention d'intégrer au billet de banque (selon un des modes évoqués ci-dessus) une substance comprenant une matrice-hôte qui peut être cristalline, dopée par des ions de terres rares tels que ceux utilisés habituellement dans les lasers.Finally, it is also possible according to another variant of the invention to integrate in the banknote (according to one of the modes mentioned above) a substance comprising a host matrix which can be crystalline, doped with rare earth ions such as those commonly used in lasers.
Il est connu d'utiliser les propriétés de luminescence de telles substances. Mais il n'est pas connu de les mettre en oeuvre pour l'authentification de produits tels que des billets, avec une exposition à un rayonnement d'excitation de type laser (ce qui constitue un élément important de l'invention).It is known to use the luminescence properties of such substances. But it is not known to implement them for the authentication of products such as banknotes, with exposure to laser-type excitation radiation (which is an important element of the invention).
Le fait d'exciter une telle substance par un rayonnement laser extrêmement concentré sur une raie fine permet d'obtenir une réponse également concentrée sur une ou plusieurs raie(s).The fact of exciting such a substance by an extremely concentrated laser radiation on a thin line makes it possible to obtain an equally concentrated response on one or more lines (s).
Et il est possible selon l'invention de procéder à un codage de la réponse du billet ; ce codage peut dans cette dernière variante de l'invention être réalisé de plusieurs manières, séparément ou en combinaison :
- en utilisant des dopants différents sur une même matrice. On pourra ainsi intégrer au billet deux encres différentes, l'une dopée avec un premier ion de terres rares dont la réponse à une excitation laser (qui est elle-même concentrée autour d'une longueur d'onde du visible, du proche infra rouge ou de l'ultraviolet), l'autre dopée avec un deuxième ion de terres rares, différent du premier, et dont la longueur d'onde de réponse à la même excitation est différente,
- mais également en mettant en oeuvre un même ion dopant sur des matrices de caractéristiques différentes (type de matrice, stoechiométrie de la matrice...) de sorte que les raies de réponse sur les différentes matrices sont décalées d'une largeur supérieure à la finesse des raies, et de préférence à une largeur de l'ordre de 10 nm.
- using different dopants on the same matrix. It will thus be possible to integrate two different inks, one doped with a first rare earth ion, whose response to a laser excitation (which is itself concentrated around a wavelength of the visible, the near infra red or ultraviolet), the other doped with a second rare earth ion, different from the first, and whose wavelength of response to the same excitation is different,
- but also by implementing the same doping ion on matrices with different characteristics (type of matrix, stoichiometry of the matrix, etc.) so that the response lines on the different matrices are shifted by a width greater than the fineness lines, and preferably at a width of the order of 10 nm.
On peut par exemple mettre en oeuvre des ions de Néodyne :
- d'une part sur une matrice de type YLF et obtenir ainsi, comme réponse à excitation laser de longueur d'onde 800 nm, une raie d'émission centrée sur 1054 nm,
- et d'autre part sur une matrice de type YAG et observer une raie centrée cette fois sur 1064 nm. La largeur à mi-hauteur des raies étant dans les deux cas de l'ordre de 5 nm, on comprend qu'il est aisé de distinguer les réponses sur les deux matrices.
- on the one hand on a YLF type matrix and thus obtain, as a laser excitation response of wavelength 800 nm, an emission line centered on 1054 nm,
- and on the other hand on a matrix of YAG type and observe a line centered this time on 1064 nm. The half-height width of the lines being in both cases of the order of 5 nm, it is understood that it is easy to distinguish the responses on the two matrices.
On peut de la sorte combiner un ou plusieurs dopants différents sur un ou plusieurs types de matrice, et intégrer ces différentes substances dans le billet en mélange ou séparément, de manière à effectuer un codage de la réponse du billet à une exposition au rayonnement d'un laser.One can thus combine one or more different dopants on one or more types of matrix, and integrate these different substances in the ticket mixed or separately, so as to perform a coding of the response of the note to a radiation exposure of a laser.
On précise enfin qu'il est évidemment possible d'intégrer dans un même billet plusieurs substances luminescentes correspondant à n'importe quel mode de réalisation ou n'importe quelle variante de l'invention décrits ci-dessus.Finally it is specified that it is obviously possible to integrate in the same ticket several luminescent substances corresponding to any embodiment or any variant of the invention described above.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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FR0010745A FR2813134B1 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2000-08-21 | METHOD FOR AUTHENTICATING SENSITIVE DOCUMENTS |
EP01402196A EP1182048B1 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2001-08-20 | Method for authentification of sensitive documents |
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EP01402196 Previously-Filed-Application | 2001-08-20 | ||
EP01402196A Division EP1182048B1 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2001-08-20 | Method for authentification of sensitive documents |
EP01402196A Previously-Filed-Application EP1182048B1 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2001-08-20 | Method for authentification of sensitive documents |
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FR2828698B1 (en) * | 2001-08-14 | 2003-11-21 | Banque De France | LIGHT CASCADE SAFETY MARKING COMPOSITION |
FR2828697B1 (en) * | 2001-08-14 | 2003-11-21 | Banque De France | ANTICOPY MARKING COMPOSITION |
FR2846445B1 (en) * | 2002-10-29 | 2005-04-08 | Claude Lambert | METHOD OF AUTHENTICATING BY MARKING OR CHEMICAL TRACING AN OBJECT OR SUBSTANCE. |
DE10326983A1 (en) * | 2003-06-12 | 2004-12-30 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Document of value with a machine-readable authenticity mark |
DE10346685A1 (en) | 2003-10-08 | 2005-05-04 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Coding system for value documents |
DE10346634A1 (en) | 2003-10-08 | 2005-05-12 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | value document |
DE10346687A1 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2005-05-04 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Coding system for value documents |
DE10346635A1 (en) | 2003-10-08 | 2005-05-12 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | System for checking security features of value documents |
FR2866460B1 (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2008-11-07 | Banque De France | DOCUMENT SECURING METHOD, ASSOCIATED MACHINE AND AUTHENTICATION METHOD |
FR2869704B1 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2006-09-29 | Claude Lambert | METHOD FOR AUTHENTICATION SECURED BY MARKING OR CHEMICAL TRACING OF AN OBJECT OR SUBSTANCE |
US8110281B2 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2012-02-07 | 3Dtl, Inc. | Systems and methods for creating optical effects on media |
ES2627416T3 (en) * | 2004-09-02 | 2017-07-28 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Luminescent safety feature and procedure to manufacture the luminescent safety feature |
EP1647946A1 (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2006-04-19 | Giesecke & Devrient GmbH | Value document system |
EP1632908A1 (en) * | 2004-09-02 | 2006-03-08 | Giesecke & Devrient GmbH | Value document with luminescent properties |
EP1647947A1 (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2006-04-19 | Giesecke & Devrient GmbH | Apparatus and method for checking a luminescent security feature |
EP1647945A1 (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2006-04-19 | Giesecke & Devrient GmbH | Value document with luminescence properties |
AU2006214762B2 (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2010-07-08 | American Dye Source Inc. | Method for encoding materials with a luminescent tag and apparatus for reading same |
FR2895124B1 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2008-02-08 | Banque De France | METHOD FOR SECURING DOCUMENTS, ASSOCIATED MACHINE AND AUTHENTICATION METHOD |
DE102006017764A1 (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-10-18 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Security and / or value document |
DE102022106945A1 (en) | 2022-03-24 | 2023-09-28 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Electric machine |
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WO1998045803A1 (en) * | 1997-04-10 | 1998-10-15 | Brown University Research Foundation | Optically-based methods and apparatus for performing document authentication |
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WO2000046742A1 (en) * | 1999-02-08 | 2000-08-10 | Spectra Science Corporation | Optically-based methods and apparatus for sorting, coding, and authentication using a narrowband emission gain medium |
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US4146792A (en) * | 1973-04-30 | 1979-03-27 | G.A.O. Gesellschaft Fur Automation Und Organisation Mbh | Paper secured against forgery and device for checking the authenticity of such papers |
DE3122470C2 (en) * | 1981-06-05 | 1985-09-05 | GAO Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation mbH, 8000 München | Security paper and process for making the same |
FR2556867B1 (en) * | 1983-12-14 | 1986-06-06 | Jalon Michel | SECURITY MARKING METHOD, MATERIALS PROVIDED WITH SECURITY MARKS, AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF. |
AU6271798A (en) * | 1997-02-18 | 1998-09-08 | Spectra Science Corporation | Field activated security thread including polymer dispersed liquid crystal |
DE19804024A1 (en) * | 1998-02-02 | 1999-08-05 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Value document |
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2000
- 2000-08-21 FR FR0010745A patent/FR2813134B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2001-08-20 EP EP08170832.3A patent/EP2055493B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-20 EP EP01402196A patent/EP1182048B1/en not_active Revoked
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WO1998045803A1 (en) * | 1997-04-10 | 1998-10-15 | Brown University Research Foundation | Optically-based methods and apparatus for performing document authentication |
DE19803997A1 (en) * | 1998-02-02 | 1999-08-05 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Value document |
WO2000046742A1 (en) * | 1999-02-08 | 2000-08-10 | Spectra Science Corporation | Optically-based methods and apparatus for sorting, coding, and authentication using a narrowband emission gain medium |
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DE60137478D1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
FR2813134A1 (en) | 2002-02-22 |
EP1182048B1 (en) | 2009-01-21 |
EP2055493A3 (en) | 2009-12-16 |
EP2055493B1 (en) | 2019-11-20 |
EP1182048A1 (en) | 2002-02-27 |
ATE421429T1 (en) | 2009-02-15 |
ES2320730T3 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
FR2813134B1 (en) | 2004-01-16 |
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