Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
  • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
  • C10M173/025—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils for lubricating conveyor belts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
  • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/38—Conveyors or chain belts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
  • C10N2050/011—Oil-in-water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
  • C10N2050/013—Water-in-oil
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
  • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of a lubricant composition for lubricating conveyor systems, preferably for lubricating conveyor systems for packaging, and especially for food packaging.
• the vessels in question are typically transported using plate conveyor belts or other conveyor systems, which are lubricated and at the same time kept clean using suitable lubricant preparations, preferably via automatic belt lubricators featuring spraying systems.
• Lubrication is needed in order to reduce the friction between the conveyor systems and moving or stationary components of the system, and also to prevent the receptacles transported being able to fall over and become damaged in the event of a rapid change in speed.
• a lubricating film on the surface of the conveyor systems has the effect, for example, of reducing the friction between the receptacles and the surfaces of the conveyor systems, so that if, say, the conveyor belt is halted rapidly, the static friction of the transported container is reduced and hence the danger of a fall can be reduced.
• lubricants are required primarily to bring about a reduction in friction, and this frictional reduction must also care for different materials.
• the receptacles transported on conveyor systems of this kind are composed not only of glass and metal but also of paperboard or cardboard, and that at the same time it is also necessary to ensure frictional reduction of metal components with one another, and also the fact that the surface of the conveyor systems is composed, for example, of plastic or metal plates or of rubber, it is apparent that not all of the known lubricants are capable of fulfilling these tasks.
• the lubricants may form foam, which is unwanted.
• EP 0 359145 A1 proposes using aqueous, soap-free lubricant compositions which give clear solutions in water and have a pH in the range from 6 to 8 and which, moreover, comprise alkylbenzenesulphonates and alkoxylated alkanol phosphates, and also alkanecarboxylic acids.
• WO 2005/014764 discloses lubricant concentrates which necessarily comprise at least one organic monoester or diester in combination with at least one anionic surfactant, these concentrates having to be diluted by mixing with water to give the desired lubricants.
• WO 03/027217 A1 relates to the use of an O/W emulsion for lubricating conveyor belt systems in food industries as well as a lubricant concentrate based on an O/W emulsion of wax esters.
• compositions used in accordance with the invention take the form of dispersions.
• a dispersion is in principle a system (disperse system) composed of two or more phases of which one is continuous (dispersion medium) and at least one other is finely divided (dispersed phase, dispersoid).
• dispersions include the following: emulsions (dispersion medium and dispersed phase: liquid phases insoluble in one another), aerosols [gaseous dispersion medium, liquid dispersed phase (mist) or solid dispersed phase (smoke, dusts)], and suspensions (liquid dispersion medium, solid dispersed phase).
• compositions for the inventive use it has proved to be particularly advantageous for the compositions to take the form of emulsions, either of the oil-in-water (O/W) type or of the water-in-oil (W/O) type.
• O/W oil-in-water
• W/O water-in-oil
• emulsions of the O/W type in other words where the lipophilic phase is dispersed and is surrounded by a continuous aqueous phase.
• the dispersions (preferably emulsions) of the present technical teaching contain preferably between 70% and 90% by weight of water. In practice, however, such compositions are diluted with water to form suitable lubricants, which then typically also include between 15% and 0.001% by weight, preferably between 10% and 0.01% by weight, of nonaqueous constituents.
• the dispersions of the invention comprise at least one phospholipid emulsifier/dispersant.
• Phospholipids are complex lipids in which one of the primary hydroxyl groups of the glycerol is esterified with phosphoric acid, which is esterified in turn. The other two hydroxyl groups of the glycerol are esterified with long-chain saturated or unsaturated fatty acids.
• Phospholipids are diesters or monoesters of phosphoric acid which on account of their fatlike solubility properties, owing to the liphophilic and hydrophilic components, are classed with the lipids and which as membrane lipids, within the body, are involved in the construction of layer structures, the membranes.
• Phosphatidic acids are glycerol derivatives which are esterified with fatty acids in positions 1-sn and 2 (1-sn position: usually saturated, 2 position: usually mono- or polyunsaturated) but at the 3-sn atom are esterified with phosphoric acid, and which are characterized by the general structural formula
• cephalin 3-sn-phosphatidylethanolamine or sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine
• myo-inositol to form the phosphoinositides
• Lecithins whose use in the dispersions of the invention is particularly preferred, are characterized by the general structural formula where R1 and R2 are typically unbranched aliphatic radicals having 15 or 17 carbon atoms and up to 4 cis double bonds.
• Cardiolipins (1,3-bisphosphatidylglycerols) are phospholipids composed of two phosphatidic acids linked via glycerol. Lysophospholipids are obtained when an acyl radical is eliminated from phospholipids by phospholipase A (e.g. lysolecithins).
• Lysolecithins for example, are characterized by the general structural formula where R1 and R2 are typically unbranched aliphatic radicals having 15 or 17 carbon atoms and up to 4 cis double bonds.
• the phospholipids also include plasmalogens, in which instead of a fatty acid in position 1 an aldehyde (in the form of an enol ether) is attached; the O-1-sn-alkenyl compounds corresponding to the phosphatidylcholines, for example, are called phosphatidalcholines.
• the parent structure of the phosphosphingolipids is sphingosine or else phytosphingosine, which are distinguished by the following structural formulae:
• Modifications of sphingolipids are distinguished for example by the general parent structure in which R1 and R3 independently of one another are saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl radicals of 1 to 28 carbon atoms and R2 is selected from the following group: hydrogen atom, saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl radicals of 1 to 28 carbon atoms, sugar radicals, phosphate groups unesterified or esterified with organic radicals, sulphate groups unesterified or esterified with organic radicals; and Y is either a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or another hetero-functional radical.
• Sphingophospholipids R1 and R3 are alkyl radicals, R4 is an organyl radical.
• Sphingomyelins are organylphosphorylated sphingolipids of the type For the purposes of this invention, the term phospholipids also encompasses phosphosphingolipids and sphingophospholipids.
• One preferred embodiment of the invention uses phospholipids of plant origin. These phospholipids may be obtained, for example, from soya or other plant seed cells. It is advantageous to use lecithins which are obtained as by-products in the refining of plant oils (particularly of soya oil). Soya lecithins are composed of phosphatidylcholine (40-50%), phosphatidylethanolamine (about 10%), phosphatidylinositol (about 5%), phosphatidylserine (about 1-2%) and also sterols and fat.
• Phospholipids for use advantageously and preferably are selected from phospholipids which have been deoiled and/or fractionated and/or spray-dried and/or acetylated and/or hydrolysed and/or hydrogenated.
• Phospholipids whose use is advantageous are also selected from phospholipids which are phosphatidylcholine-enriched and/or phosphatidylinositol-enriched.
• Phospholipids whose use is advantageous in accordance with the invention are particularly those available commercially under the trade names Leciprime 1800 IP (from Cargill), Phosal 50 SA+ (from Phospholipid), Soluthin MD (from Phospholipid) or Lipoid SL 80-3 (from Lipoid).
• the amount of the phospholipids (one or more compounds) in the emulsions is 0.01% to 10%, preferably 0.1% - 8%, in particular 0.5% - 5%, in particular 2% to 4%, by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion.
• the dispersions of the invention comprise a lipophilic phase.
• the lipophilic phase may comprise oil components and/or fats and also any desired mixtures thereof.
• the dispersions of the invention take the form of suspensions and/or emulsions.
• Oil component water-insoluble organic compounds which are liquid at 30°C and have a relatively low vapour pressure.
• the common feature of the oils is not their matching chemical constitution but instead their similar physical consistency.
• Particularly preferred lipophilic phases are those which are liquid at room temperature (21°C).
• the compositions of the present teaching are preferably emulsions which are prepared by liquid starting materials. Suspensions are therefore less suitable.
• suitable oil phases on the basis of their melting points. Examples of suitable oil components include the classes of compound specified below, provided that they are liquid at 30°C and preferably at 21°C. Examples are Guerbet alcohols based on fatty alcohols having 6 to 18, preferably 8 to 10, carbon atoms (e.g.
• esters of linear C 6 -C 22 fatty acids with linear or branched C 6 -C 22 fatty alcohols such as, for example, myristyl myristate, myristyl palmitate, myristyl stearate, myristyl isostearate, myristyl oleate, myristyl behenate, myristyl erucate, cetyl myristate, cetyl palmitate, cetyl stearate, cetyl isostearate, cetyl oleate, cetyl behenate, cetyl erucate, stearyl myristate, stearyl palmitate, stearyl stearate, stearyl isostearate, stearyl oleate, stearyl behenate, stearyl er
• esters of linear C 6 -C 22 fatty acids with branched alcohols especially 2-ethylhexanol
• esters of C 3 -C 38 alkylhydroxycarboxylic acids with linear or branched C 6 -C 22 fatty alcohols and especially dioctyl malate
• esters of linear and/or branched fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols such as propylene glycol, dimer diol or trimer triol, for example
• Guerbet alcohols triglycerides based on C 6 -C 10 fatty acids, liquid mono-/di-/triglyceride mixtures based on C 6 -C 18 fatty acids
• esters of C 6 -C 22 fatty alcohols and/or Guerbet alcohols with aromatic carboxylic acids especially benzoic acid, esters of C 2 -C 12 dicarboxylic acids with linear or branched alcohols having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or polyols having 2 to 10
• Finsolv® TN linear or branched, symmetric or asymmetric dialkyl ethers having 6 to 22 carbon atoms per alkyl group, such as dicaprylyl ether (Cetiol® OE), ring-opening products of epoxidized fatty acid esters with polyols (Hydagen® HSP, Sovermol® 750, Sovermol® 1102), silicone oils (cyclomethicones, silicon methicone types, etc.) and/or aliphatic or naphthenic hydrocarbons, such as mineral oil, squalane, squalene or dialkylcyclohexanes, for example.
• dicaprylyl ether such as dicaprylyl ether (Cetiol® OE), ring-opening products of epoxidized fatty acid esters with polyols (Hydagen® HSP, Sovermol® 750, Sovermol® 1102), silicone oils (cyclomethicones, silicon methi
• mixtures of triglycerides or partial glycerides are used i.e. glycerides prepared by esterifying glycerol with fatty acids of the general formula R-COOH in which R stands for saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear alkyl or alkenyl radicals which have 5 to 21 carbon atoms and preferably between 5 and 19 carbon atoms.
• R stands for saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear alkyl or alkenyl radicals which have 5 to 21 carbon atoms and preferably between 5 and 19 carbon atoms.
• R stands for saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear alkyl or alkenyl radicals which have 5 to 21 carbon atoms and preferably between 5 and 19 carbon atoms.
• R stands for saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear alkyl or alkenyl radicals which have 5 to 21 carbon atoms and preferably between 5 and 19 carbon atoms.
• R stands for saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear
• Suitable silicone oils are amino-, fatty acid-, alcohol-, polyether-, epoxy-, fluoro-, glycoside- and/or alkyl-modified silicone compounds, which at room temperature may be either liquid or resinous.
• simethicones are mixtures of dimethicones having an average chian length of 200 to 300 dimethylsiloxane units with silicon dioxide or hydrogenated silicates.
• suitable oily substances include polycarbonates.
• a particularly suitable polycarbonate is the copolymer whose INCI designation is hydrogenated dimer dilinoleyl/dimethyl carbonate copolymer, available as commercial product Cosmedia® DC from Cognis Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG.
• Dialkyl ethers, dialkyl carbonates, triglyceride mixtures and esters of C 8 -C 24 fatty acids and C 8 -C 24 fatty alcohols, polycarbonates, and a mixture of these substances are likewise suitable as oily substances in accordance with the invention.
• the dialkyl carbonates and dialkyl ethers may be symmetrical or symmetrical, branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, and are preparable by reactions which are sufficiently well known from the prior art.
• hydrocarbons which are liquid at 30°C and preferably at 21°C, having a chain length preferably of 8 to 40 carbon atoms. They may be branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated. Preference among them is given to branched, saturated C 8 -C 20 alkanes. It is possible to use not only pure substances but also substance mixtures. The compounds in question are typically substance mixtures composed of different isomeric compounds.
• compositions which contain alkanes having 10 to 30, preferably 12 to 20 and more preferably 16 to 20 carbon atoms are particularly suitable, and particular suitability among these is possessed by a mixture of alkanes which includes at least 10% by weight of branched alkanes, based on the total amount of the alkanes.
• the alkanes in question are preferably branched, saturated alkanes.
• the dispersions of the invention may further comprise further ingredients that are typical for lubricants.
• the dispersions of the invention may further comprise further ingredients that are typical for lubricants.
• anionic surfactants and soaps is not in accordance with the invention. According to the invention dispersions are free from anionic surfactants and soaps.
• nonionic emulsifiers are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polylglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters, fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated triglycerides, mixed ethers or mixed formals, optionally partially oxidized alk(en)yloligoglycosides or glucoronic acid derivatives, fatty acid N-alkylglucamides, protein hydrolysates (especially wheat-based plant products), polyol fatty acid esters, sugar esters, and among them preferably sorbitan esters, polysorbates and amine oxides.
• the nonionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, these chains may have a conventional, but preferably a narrowed, homologue distribution.
• Particularly preferred emulsifiers are alkyl(oligo)glycosides which conform to the formula (I) R 1 O-[G] p (I) in which R 1 is an alkyl and/or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a sugar radical having 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p stands for numbers from 1 to 10, and ethoxylated sorbitan esters.
• dispersions used in accordance with the invention for lubricating conveyor systems it is additionally possible for there to be further ingredients present, customary per se, which are selected preferably from the group of biocides, antistats, antifoams or defoamers, thickeners, solubilizers, hydrotropes, pH regulators, corrosion inhibitors, builder substances, complexing agents or preservatives.
• the compositions are free from defoamers.
• Additives of the kind listed above are present typically in amounts of max. 10% by weight, based on the total amount of the dispersion, preferably in amounts of 0.01% to 5% by weight and in particular in amounts of 0.1% to 3% by weight in total in the dispersions.
• the pH of the aqueous dispersions ought preferably to be situated in the range from 6 to 8.
• glycerol is also used.
• the glycerol may in that case be present in amounts of preferably 0.1% to 10% but especially in amounts of 1% to 5% by weight.
• the inventive use relates preferably to the lubrication of conveyor systems whose surface comprises plastic and/or metal. It is preferred, moreover, to use the dispersions to lubricate those conveyor systems which transport receptacles, preferably those of glass or plastic, especially polyalkylene terephthalate (PET), or, preferably, bottles of glass or plastic, especially those of PET.
• PET polyalkylene terephthalate
• the dispersions of the invention have a very special advantage when the conveyor systems transport food receptacles and where there is a risk that the conveyor systems or the receptacles will come into contact with foods, and hence a correspondingly compatible lubricant is required.
• the dispersions employed inventively as lubricants are preferably in the form of aqueous emulsions. As outlined above, these emulsions are supplied in concentrated form. The water content of such concentrates is preferably 50% by weight or more. Particular preference is given to those aqueous emulsions or dispersions which contain at least 70% by weight of water and preferably at least 80% by weight of water. The emulsions may also, however, contain up to 90% by weight of water. The concentrates can then be diluted with water to the respective use concentration.
• the Sauter diameter is defined as the diameter of a drop having the same ratio of drop volume to drop surface area as the ratio occurring as the average value in the dispersion as a whole.
• the Sauter diameter d 3,2 of the dispersion is less than or equal to 400 nm, in particular less than or equal to 200 nm.
• a parameter for describing dispersions (especially emulsions), or the size distribution of the dispersed particles, is the breadth of the droplet size distribution.
• the dispersions of the invention preferably have a BTV value of less than or equal to 2, in particular less than or equal to 1.
• the dispersions of the invention are prepared by homogenizing the immiscible phases. Homogenization or dispersion takes place where appropriate at temperatures greater than room temperature (21°C) and/or at increased pressures. If homogenization is carried out with an increased temperature, the dispersion is cooled to room temperature again after the dispersing operation.
• homogenizing means the ultrafine comminution of the disperse phase of a crude emulsion. In this case, for the liquid/liquid dispersion, the droplet size spectrum of the crude emulsion shifts significantly in the direction of smaller drops.
• the dispersions of the invention can be obtained in accordance with the typical emulsifying techniques.
• One exemplary process for preparing the dispersions of the invention is carried out by combining the water phase and also the mixture comprising emulsifier and the lipophilic phase, and carrying out homogenization with an energy input of 1 ⁇ 10 5 to 2 ⁇ 10 8 J/m 3 .
• Homogenizing apparatus used may comprise high-pressure dispersing systems such as radial diffusers with a flat or jagged valve; opposed-jet dispersers such as the microfluidizer, for example, jet dispersers or baffle systems.
• high-pressure dispersing systems such as radial diffusers with a flat or jagged valve
• opposed-jet dispersers such as the microfluidizer, for example, jet dispersers or baffle systems.
• Further suitable dispersing systems include rotor stator systems, ultrasonic systems, ball mills or membranes.
• the operation takes place at pressures of 50 to 2500 bar, preferably 200 to 800 bar and in particular 400 to 600 bar.
• a pressure range of 2 to 30, preferably of 5 to 20, bar is typical.
• Micromixers have the advantage of producing finely divided and narrow particle size distributions at low pressures in a particularly gentle way.
• the homogenization is carried out by means of high-pressure homogenization.
• the advantage of high-pressure homogenization is that it is very easy to form small droplets having a very narrow size distribution, which is advantageous if the intention is to prepare phase-stable dispersions of low viscosity.
• attempts are also being made increasingly in the cosmetic industry to use homogenizing techniques of this kind. Owing to the fact that a new interface is formed with particular rapidity, the requirements imposed on emulsifier and carrier phase are exacting, since the emulsifiers must occupy the interface spontaneously and very rapidly in order to ensure optimum phase stability.
• a preliminary dispersion can be prepared in a stirring vessel and then homogenized by dispersing in a single pass by means of a rotor-stator system and subsequently by means of a high-pressure homogenizer.
• a single pass here means a procedure in which the entire contents of a vessel are run once through the homogenizing apparatus into another vessel. In contrast to what is called the circulation mode, this ensures that each element of liquid has passed through the homogenizing apparatus once.
• Rotor-stator systems may be apparatus such as toothed colloid mills or machines which consist of one or more rotors and stators having passage openings in the form of slots or cylindrical or rectangular holes, such as those of the Cavitron, Supraton, Siefer, Bran+Lübbe, IKA, Koruma or Silverson type etc.
• the homogenizing step or steps are run through two or more times.
• the dispersions for use according to the invention can be prepared by preparing concentrates and then diluting them with water. This may be of advantage in particular in the case of dispersions having a low final lipophilic-phase concentration.
• the dispersions for use according to the invention are much more stable on storage than other known emulsions of the prior art. They take the form preferably of amine-free compositions.
• the invention lastly provides a method of lubricating conveyor belts and conveyor systems by diluting a composition in water as described above and then applying the diluted composition to the conveyor belts or conveyor systems that are to be lubricated, said application taking place preferably by means of spraying.
• Emulsions were prepared and tested for their lubricating action.
• Seven emulsions were prepared by mixing in a high-pressure homogenizer.
• the droplet size of the oil phase of the emulsion is ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ m with a mean of 0.104 ⁇ m and a median at 0.102 ⁇ m.
• the particle size distribution was determined using a Beckmann Coulter LS 230 instrument, using the optical model Emulsiond.rfd PIDS included (of 14.8.2001) according to the operating instructions (1994).
• the measurement medium used was water.
• the particle size is measured immediately after the preparation of the dispersions. In accordance with the instrument manufacturer's instructions, the dispersions measured were in each case dilute; in other words, an amount of the dispersions was introduced into distilled water with stirring until the instrument-specific saturation concentration was displayed by the instrument.
• compositions of the emulsions (amounts in % by weight).
• the ingredients employed were as follows: as soya lecithin, Leciprime 1800 IP from Cargill; as glyceride mixtures, Cegesoft FR57, Myritol 312 and Myritol 331 from Cognis; as coemulsifiers, ethoxylated sorbitan monostearate: Tween 80 and Tween 60; as preservative; Uniphen P-23.
• Compositions 3-6 are for use according to the invention 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Distilled water [%] 87.70 88.20 84.00 87.00 87.00 85.70 88.20 Soya lecithin [%] 10.00 10.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 10.00 Cegesoft FR57 [%] -- -- 10.00 -- -- -- -- Myritol 312 [%] -- -- -- 10.00 -- -- -- Myritol 331 [%] -- -- -- -- 10.00 10.00 -- Tween 80 [%] 1.00 0.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- Tween 60 [%] -- -- 2.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 Uniphen P-23 [%] 1.30 1.30 -- -- -- -- 1.30 1.30 1.30 Pressure [bar] 750 / 50 1) 5 times 750 / 50 1) 5 times 750 / 50 1) 5 times 750 / 50 1) 5 times 750 / 50 1) 5 times 750 / 50 1) 2 times 450 / 50 1) 5 times 450 / 50 1) 5 times Hom
• compositions 6 and 7 were tested in comparison to the following formulations 8 and 9, which represent the prior art.
• Composition 9 is a suspension of solids in water, and is therefore not an emulsion:
• compositions were stored at a constant temperature of 40°C. After a week a visual inspection was made as to whether phase separation had occurred.
• Compositions 6 and 7 in comparison were tested in relation to comparative formulation 9: Storage stability at 40°C after 1 week Storage stability at 40°C after 4 weeks Storage stability at 40°C after 12 weeks Composition 6 + + + Composition 7 + + + Composition 8 Phase separation Phase separation Phase separation
• compositions 6 and 7 in terms of lubricating action is tested in comparison to the comparative formulations 8 and 9.
• the table shows the friction coefficients viewed relatively. The abbreviations have the following meanings: ++: much better than the comparative formulation +: better than the comparative formulation 0: the same as the comparative formulation
• the material compatibility was determined using the method described below.
• the PET bottles under test are dipped in the concentrated product under investigation (e.g. chain lubricant) and then exposed to CO 2 . After a defined exposure period, the concentrated product is rinsed off with water. As soon as the bottles are dry, they are inspected.
• the test was carried out specifically as follows:
• the references used are 3 bottles which are tested in the same way with an established chain lubricant.
• the evaluation is made by visually assessing the base of the bottle for leaks, stress cracking and clouding. This involves differentiation into four or five categories and also in 3 zones. Categories for stress corrosion cracking Zones Leakage 0 no damage stand surface yes A slight damage radial base no B moderate, superficial cracks centre bottom C several moderately deep cracks D several deep cracks
• Compositions 6 and 7 showed little to no damage only in the stand surface zone, and can therefore be classed as compatible for PET material.

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