EP2049276B1 - Device and method for forming a workpiece - Google Patents

Device and method for forming a workpiece Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2049276B1
EP2049276B1 EP07786006A EP07786006A EP2049276B1 EP 2049276 B1 EP2049276 B1 EP 2049276B1 EP 07786006 A EP07786006 A EP 07786006A EP 07786006 A EP07786006 A EP 07786006A EP 2049276 B1 EP2049276 B1 EP 2049276B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
forming
workpiece
stroke
forming die
feed device
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EP07786006A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2049276A1 (en
Inventor
Fritz Binhack
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Felss GmbH
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Felss GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE200620012170 external-priority patent/DE202006012170U1/en
Priority claimed from DE200610037091 external-priority patent/DE102006037091B3/en
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Publication of EP2049276A1 publication Critical patent/EP2049276A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/004—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion using vibratory energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/18—Making uncoated products by impact extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
    • B21C25/02—Dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C31/00—Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for forming, in particular for cold forming, in particular for cold extrusion, a workpiece having a forming tool and a feed device, by which a relative movement between the workpiece and the forming tool can be generated, wherein the device interacts with the feed device Frequency generating means, by which the relative movement between the workpiece and forming tool generated by the feed device is modulated such that after a forward stroke at which the workpiece and / or the forming tool in the feed direction passes through a first stroke, in a subsequent backward stroke movement of the forming tool and / or the workpiece in a direction opposite to the feed direction to a second stroke is feasible, and a method for forming a workpiece, in which by a feed device, a relative movement zwisc hen the workpiece and a forming tool is produced, wherein the relative movement between the workpiece and the forming tool generated by the feed device is modulated in such a way that after a forward stroke in which the workpiece and / or the
  • Such a device and such a method are known from EP 1 003 616 B1 the applicant known. Such devices and methods are used, for example, for splining shaft-like parts. In the case of massive shafts, external splines can be produced by the known device and the known method, and both external and internal splines in tubular shafts.
  • the device described in the aforementioned publication and the corresponding method have the advantage that by the frequency-modulated feed, a reduction of the pressing force by up to about 50% compared to a conventional axial forming or extruding can be achieved.
  • the known device and the method described above have the further disadvantage that the forming tool usually has only an insufficient service life. This is due to the fact that in the known Device and in the known method during the entire forming process, ie in each individual forming step, a constant forward stroke and a constant backward stroke are traversed, that is, the stroke paths in the forward direction and those in the reverse direction are always the same size. This has the consequence that always the same areas of the forming tool come into operative engagement with the workpiece to be machined.
  • the frequency generating device is configured such that it varies the feed device such that the strokes of the forward strokes and / or the scrubindexhübe at least two successive, each consisting of a forward stroke and a return stroke forming steps of the device are.
  • the inventive method provides that the feed device is modulated by the frequency generating device such that the strokes of the forward strokes and / or the backward strokes of at least two successive, each consisting of a forward stroke and a return stroke forming steps are different.
  • the measures according to the invention cause, on the one hand, that an increase in the service life of the forming tool can be achieved:
  • the different stroke paths of the individual successive forming steps cause the force acting on the forming zones of the forming tool to be different in each forming step than in the previous forming step.
  • This has the consequence that corresponding tool parts are not - as in the known devices and methods - continuously stressed, but that in an advantageous manner, the corresponding load cases (pressure, tensile and bending load and abrasive load) to different areas of the forming tool.
  • an increased service life is achieved in an advantageous manner.
  • An advantageous further development of the invention provides that the forming steps carried out within a specific forming length to be traversed by the forming tool during the forming of the workpiece have a non-continuous, chaotic distribution of the stroke paths of the individual forming steps.
  • Such a measure has the advantage that in this way the service life of the forming tool is significantly increased, since the force acting on forming zones of the forming tool at each forming step is slightly different than the previous forming step, so that also occurs during the deformation of the workpiece load cases of the forming tool distribute chaotically, with the result that not always the same deformation zones, but different deformation zones of the forming tool are applied.
  • a further advantageous development of the invention provides that the frequency generating device modulates the feed device in such a way that the forming path extending from the forming tool in the machining of a workpiece in its axial direction is divided into at least two forming zones with different stroke paths of the forward stroke and / or the reverse stroke of the individual forming steps ,
  • Such a measure makes it possible in an advantageous manner that the individual forming steps can be adapted to the specific forming conditions occurring in a specific forming zone, that is to say that the stroke paths of a specific sequence of forming steps are determined in such a way that in a certain forming zone the best possible machining result is achieved.
  • FIG. 1 illustrated first embodiment of a device 1 for forming, in particular for cold forming, in particular for cold extrusion, a workpiece 2, a forming tool 3, which is formed in the case shown here as a deformation die.
  • the forming tool 3 is movable relative to the workpiece 2 by a feed device 5.
  • this generates a relative movement between forming tool 3 and clamped in a clamping unit 7 workpiece 2. If the forming tool 3 is moved by the feed device 5 in its feed direction P against the stationary clamped in the case shown here workpiece 2, the workpiece 2 enters the Forming tool 3 and is formed in a conventional manner.
  • the movement in the feed direction P is modified by a frequency generating device 10 acting on the feed device 5 such that the forming tool 3 executes a stroke-like movement in the feed direction P, in which it is provided that after a forward stroke, in which the forming tool 3 is moved forward by a first stroke, the forming tool 3 is retracted in a subsequent backward stroke by the feed device 5 by a second stroke. In a further first stroke of the forming step following the forming step described above, the forming tool 3 is moved forward again, beyond the end point of the forward stroke of the previous forming step.
  • the stroke of the forward strokes and / or the backward strokes of the individual forming steps has a non-continuous, chaotic distribution. It is preferred here that the frequency generation device 10 has a so-called fuzzy logic 11 for determining the respective forward strokes and / or backward strokes of the individual forming steps.
  • This procedure has the advantage that in this way the service life of the forming tool 3 is significantly increased since the force acting on forming zones of the forming tool 3 is slightly different at each forming step than in the preceding forming step:
  • the load cases of the forming tool 3 occurring during the forming of the workpiece 2 are due to the non-continuous, chaotic sequence of the strokes of the individual forward strokes and / or backward strokes
  • the individual forming steps also distributed chaotically, whereby the burden of the individual forming zones of the forming tool 3 distributed chaotically.
  • the fuzzy logic 11 of the frequency generator 10 program the forward strokes and / or the backward strokes of the individual forming steps such that substantially no equal stroke paths result over an axially extending forming length of the workpiece 2. This procedure has the advantage that a distribution of the loading forces on the forming tool 3 is thereby achieved.
  • the procedure described above is also suitable for being used for removing the workpiece 2 from the forming tool 3.
  • the procedure to be performed results for the skilled person simply by taking the return direction of the forming tool 3 as "forward direction" in the sense of the above description.
  • the frequency modulation of the feed device 5 is carried out in such a way that the forming path extending from the forming tool 3 during machining of the workpiece 2 in its axial direction is divided into at least two forming zones and within these individual Umformzonen the stroke of the forward strokes and / or the scrubmeasured to the respective forming zone forming steps is determined such that an improved deformation behavior of the forming tool 3 is achieved:
  • the frequency modulation of the feed device 5 is carried out by the frequency generating device 10 such that the desired for a transformation in and of itself A good material flow is deliberately prevented or at least reduced. This causes a better filling of the top circle both in an external and an internal toothing.
  • the immersion of the diameter of the workpiece 2 to be
  • a non-continuous, chaotic modulation of the forming tool 3 is then preferably again carried out in a subsequent second forming zone as described above.
  • this approach is not limited to two forming zones. In principle, it is possible to provide any number of different forming zones in order to adapt the length of the forward strokes and / or the backward strokes of the forming steps correlated to a specific forming zone to the processing requirements and / or the machining results to be achieved.
  • the frequency generating device 10 modulates the feed direction 5 in such a way that the forming tool 3 only has a very short stroke in the corresponding forming steps in the forward direction and an even smaller stroke in the reverse direction, so that a pushing out of the material material over the end region of the toothing is avoided or at least reduced.
  • FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment of a device 1 'is substantially consistent with the device 1 of the first embodiment, so that the same parts can be provided with the same reference numerals and not need to be described in more detail.
  • An essential difference between the two embodiments is that in the device 1 ', the forming tool 3 is arranged stationary, while the workpiece 2 is axially displaceable to the forming tool 3. As a result, the feed device 5 and the frequency generating device 10 cooperating with it act on the workpiece 2 or on the clamping unit 7 exciting the workpiece 2.
  • both the forming tool 3 and the workpiece 2 are moved by the feed device 5 for generating a corresponding relative movement between the workpiece 2 and forming tool 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for forming, in particular for cold forming, here in particular for cold extruding, a workpiece, which device has a forming die and a feed device by means of which a relative movement can be generated between the workpiece and the forming die, wherein the device has a frequency generating device which interacts with the feed device and by which the relative movement between the workpiece and the forming die, as generated by the feed device, can be modulated in such a way that following a forward stroke in which the workpiece and/or the forming die pass through a first stroke travel in the feeding direction, a movement of the forming die and/or of the workpiece can be effected in a subsequent reverse stroke, over a second stroke travel in a direction opposite to the feeding direction, and to a method for forming a workpiece wherein a relative movement between the workpiece and a forming die is generated by a feed device, which relative movement between the workpiece and the forming die, produced by the feed device, is modulated in such a way that following a forward stroke in which the workpiece and/or the forming die pass through a first stroke travel, a movement of the forming die and/or of the workpiece can be effected in a subsequent reverse stroke, over a second stroke travel in a direction opposite to the feeding direction.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Umformen, insbesondere zum Kaltverformen, hierbei insbesondere zum Kaltfließpressen, eines Werkstücks, die ein Umformwerkzeug und eine Vorschubeinrichtung, durch die eine Relativbewegung zwischen dem Werkstück und dem Umformwerkzeug erzeugbar ist, aufweist, wobei die Vorrichtung eine mit der Vorschubeinrichtung zusammenwirkende Frequenzerzeugungseinrichtung aufweist, durch welche die von der Vorschubeinrichtung erzeugte Relativbewegung zwischen Werkstück und Umformwerkzeug derart modulierbar ist, dass nach einem Vorwärtshub, bei dem das Werkstück und/oder das Umformwerkzeug in Vorschubrichtung einen ersten Hubweg durchläuft, in einem darauffolgenden Rückwärtshub eine Bewegung des Umformwerkzeugs und/oder des Werkstücks in einer der Vorschubrichtung entgegengesetzten Richtung um einen zweiten Hubweg durchführbar ist, sowie ein Verfahren zum Umformen eines Werkstücks, bei dem durch eine Vorschubeinrichtung eine Relativbewegung zwischen dem Werkstück und einem Umformwerkzeug erzeugt wird, wobei die von der Vorschubeinrichtung erzeugte Relativbewegung zwischen dem Werkstück und dem Umformwerkzeug derart moduliert wird, dass nach einem Vorwärtshub, bei dem in Vorschubrichtung das Werkstück und/oder das Umformwerkzeug einen ersten Hubweg durchläuft, in einem darauffolgenden Rückwärtshub eine Bewegung des Umformwerkzeugs und/oder des Werkstücks in einer zu der Vorschubrichtung entgegengesetzten Richtung um einen zweiten Hubweg durchgeführt wird.The invention relates to a device for forming, in particular for cold forming, in particular for cold extrusion, a workpiece having a forming tool and a feed device, by which a relative movement between the workpiece and the forming tool can be generated, wherein the device interacts with the feed device Frequency generating means, by which the relative movement between the workpiece and forming tool generated by the feed device is modulated such that after a forward stroke at which the workpiece and / or the forming tool in the feed direction passes through a first stroke, in a subsequent backward stroke movement of the forming tool and / or the workpiece in a direction opposite to the feed direction to a second stroke is feasible, and a method for forming a workpiece, in which by a feed device, a relative movement zwisc hen the workpiece and a forming tool is produced, wherein the relative movement between the workpiece and the forming tool generated by the feed device is modulated in such a way that after a forward stroke in which the workpiece and / or the forming tool in the feed direction passes through a first stroke, in a subsequent backward stroke of the movement Forming tool and / or the workpiece is performed in a direction opposite to the feed direction about a second stroke.

Eine derartige Vorrichtung und ein derartiges Verfahren sind aus der EP 1 003 616 B1 der Anmelderin bekannt. Derartige Vorrichtungen und Verfahren werden zum Beispiel zum Verzahnen von wellenartigen Teilen eingesetzt: Bei massiven Wellen können durch die bekannte Vorrichtung und das bekannte Verfahren Außenverzahnungen und bei rohrartigen Wellen sowohl Außen- als auch Innenverzahnungen erzeugt werden. Die in der vorgenannten Druckschrift beschriebene Vorrichtung und das entsprechende Verfahren besitzen den Vorteil, dass durch den frequenzmodulierten Vorschub eine Reduzierung der Presskraft um bis zu ca. 50 % gegenüber einem konventionellen Axialformen bzw. einem Fließpressen erzielt werden kann.Such a device and such a method are known from EP 1 003 616 B1 the applicant known. Such devices and methods are used, for example, for splining shaft-like parts. In the case of massive shafts, external splines can be produced by the known device and the known method, and both external and internal splines in tubular shafts. The device described in the aforementioned publication and the corresponding method have the advantage that by the frequency-modulated feed, a reduction of the pressing force by up to about 50% compared to a conventional axial forming or extruding can be achieved.

Bei der bekannten Vorrichtung und bei dem bekannten Verfahren tritt aber weiterhin das grundlegende Problem auf, dass am Beginn der herzustellenden Struktur (der Verzahnung) ein Kopfkreis und und/oder ein umgeformter Durchmesser immer etwas kleiner als der diesem Anfangsbereich in Vorschubrichtung nachfolgende Bereich des Werkstücks ausgebildet wird. Dies ist durch das Fließverhalten des umzuformenden Werkstoffs bedingt und wirkt sich insbesondere bei Bauteilen mit sehr eng tolerierten Maßen nachteilig aus. Ein weiteres Problem bei der Herstellung von Strukturen auf oder in wellenartigen Bauteilen stellt die so genannte Bugwelle dar, die nach der Umformung am Auslauf der Struktur auftritt, insbesondere dann, wenn die Struktur in einem Freistich endet.In the known device and in the known method, however, the fundamental problem still arises that at the beginning of the structure to be produced (the toothing), a top circle and / or a reshaped diameter are always slightly smaller than the region of the workpiece following this initial region in the feed direction becomes. This is due to the flow behavior of the material to be reshaped and has a detrimental effect especially for components with very tight tolerances. Another problem in the production of structures on or in wave-like components is the so-called bow wave, which occurs after the deformation at the outlet of the structure, in particular when the structure ends in an undercut.

Die eingangs beschriebene bekannte Vorrichtung und das genannte Verfahren besitzen des weiteren den Nachteil, dass das Umformwerkzeug in der Regel nur eine ungenügende Standzeit aufweist. Dies ist dadurch bedingt, dass bei der bekannten Vorrichtung und bei dem bekannten Verfahren während des gesamten Umformvorgangs, also in jedem einzelnen Umformschritt, ein gleichbleibender Vorwärtshub und ein gleichbleibender Rückwärtshub durchlaufen werden, das heißt, dass die Hubwege in Vorwärtsrichtung und diejenigen in Rückwärtsrichtung jeweils stets gleich groß sind. Dies hat zur Folge, dass immer die gleichen Bereiche des Umformwerkzeugs in Wirkeingriff mit dem zu bearbeitenden Werkstück treten.The known device and the method described above have the further disadvantage that the forming tool usually has only an insufficient service life. This is due to the fact that in the known Device and in the known method during the entire forming process, ie in each individual forming step, a constant forward stroke and a constant backward stroke are traversed, that is, the stroke paths in the forward direction and those in the reverse direction are always the same size. This has the consequence that always the same areas of the forming tool come into operative engagement with the workpiece to be machined.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art derart weiterzubilden, dass eine Verbesserung des Umformergebnisses und/oder der Standzeit des Umformwerkzeugs erzielt wird.It is an object of the present invention, a device and a method of the type mentioned in such a way that an improvement of the Umformergebnisses and / or the service life of the forming tool is achieved.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch gelöst, dass die Frequenzerzeugungseinrichtung derart ausgestaltet ist, dass sie die Vorschubeinrichtung derart moduliert, dass die Hubwege der Vorwärtshübe und/oder der Rückwärtshübe mindestens zweier aufeinanderfolgender, jeweils aus einem Vorwärtshub und einem Rückwärtshub bestehender Umformschritte der Vorrichtung unterschiedlich sind.This object is achieved by the device according to the invention in that the frequency generating device is configured such that it varies the feed device such that the strokes of the forward strokes and / or the Rückwärtshübe at least two successive, each consisting of a forward stroke and a return stroke forming steps of the device are.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sieht vor, dass die Vorschubeinrichtung durch die Frequenzerzeugungseinrichtung derart moduliert wird, dass die Hubwege der Vorwärtshübe und/oder der Rückwärtshübe mindestens zweier aufeinanderfolgender, jeweils aus einem Vorwärtshub und einem Rückwärtshub bestehender Umformschritte unterschiedlich sind.The inventive method provides that the feed device is modulated by the frequency generating device such that the strokes of the forward strokes and / or the backward strokes of at least two successive, each consisting of a forward stroke and a return stroke forming steps are different.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen bewirken nun einerseits, dass eine Erhöhung der Standzeit des Umformwerkzeugs erzielbar ist: Die unterschiedlichen Hubwege der einzelnen aufeinanderfolgenden Umformschritte bewirken, dass sich die Krafteinwirkung auf die Umformzonen des Umformwerkzeugs bei jedem Umformschritt jeweils anders darstellt als beim vorhergehenden Umformschritt. Dies hat zur Folge, dass entsprechende Werkzeugpartien nicht - wie bei den bekannten Vorrichtungen und Verfahren - kontinuierlich beansprucht werden, sondern dass in vorteilhafter Art und Weise sich die entsprechenden Belastungsfälle (Druck-, Zug- und Biegelast sowie abrasive Belastung) auf unterschiedliche Bereiche des Umformwerkzeugs verteilen. Hierdurch wird in vorteilhafter Art und Weise eine erhöhte Standzeit erreicht. Andererseits ist es durch die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen möglich, die Umformschritte situationsadequat den jeweiligen Bearbeitungserfordernissen anzupassen, so dass eine verbesserte Bearbeitungsqualität erzielbar ist.The measures according to the invention cause, on the one hand, that an increase in the service life of the forming tool can be achieved: The different stroke paths of the individual successive forming steps cause the force acting on the forming zones of the forming tool to be different in each forming step than in the previous forming step. This has the consequence that corresponding tool parts are not - as in the known devices and methods - continuously stressed, but that in an advantageous manner, the corresponding load cases (pressure, tensile and bending load and abrasive load) to different areas of the forming tool. As a result, an increased service life is achieved in an advantageous manner. On the other hand, it is possible by means of the measures according to the invention to adapt the forming steps to the respective processing requirements in accordance with the situation, so that improved processing quality can be achieved.

Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die innerhalb einer bestimmten, vom Umformwerkzeug bei der Umformung des Werkstücks zu durchlaufenden Umformlänge durchgeführten Umformschritte eine nicht-kontinuierliche, chaotische Verteilung der Hubwege der einzelnen Umformschritte aufweist. Eine derartige Maßnahme besitzt den Vorteil, dass hierdurch die Standzeit des Umformwerkzeugs deutlich erhöht wird, da sich die Krafteinwirkung auf Umformzonen des Umformwerkzeugs bei jedem Umformschritt etwas anders darstellt als beim vorangehenden Umformschritt, so dass sich die bei der Umformung des Werkstücks auftretenden Belastungsfälle des Umformwerkzeugs ebenfalls chaotisch verteilen, mit der Folge, dass nicht stets die gleichen Umformzonen, sondern unterschiedliche Umformzonen des Umformwerkzeugs beaufschlagt sind.An advantageous further development of the invention provides that the forming steps carried out within a specific forming length to be traversed by the forming tool during the forming of the workpiece have a non-continuous, chaotic distribution of the stroke paths of the individual forming steps. Such a measure has the advantage that in this way the service life of the forming tool is significantly increased, since the force acting on forming zones of the forming tool at each forming step is slightly different than the previous forming step, so that also occurs during the deformation of the workpiece load cases of the forming tool distribute chaotically, with the result that not always the same deformation zones, but different deformation zones of the forming tool are applied.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Frequenzerzeugungseinrichtung die Vorschubeinrichtung derart moduliert, dass der vom Umformwerkzeug bei der Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks in dessen Axialrichtung verlaufende Umformweg in mindestens zwei Umformzonen mit unterschiedlichen Hubwegen des Vorwärtshubs und/oder des Rückwärtshubs der einzelnen Umformschritte aufgeteilt ist. Eine derartige Maßnahme erlaubt es in vorteilhafter Art und Weise, dass die einzelnen Umformschritte auf die in einer bestimmten Umformzone auftretenden, speziellen Umformbedingungen adaptiert werden können, das heißt, dass die Hubwege einer bestimmten Abfolge von Umformschritten derart festgelegt werden, dass in einer bestimmten Umformzone ein möglichst optimales Bearbeitungsergebnis erreicht wird.A further advantageous development of the invention provides that the frequency generating device modulates the feed device in such a way that the forming path extending from the forming tool in the machining of a workpiece in its axial direction is divided into at least two forming zones with different stroke paths of the forward stroke and / or the reverse stroke of the individual forming steps , Such a measure makes it possible in an advantageous manner that the individual forming steps can be adapted to the specific forming conditions occurring in a specific forming zone, that is to say that the stroke paths of a specific sequence of forming steps are determined in such a way that in a certain forming zone the best possible machining result is achieved.

Weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Further advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung sind den Ausführungsbeispielen zu entnehmen, die im folgenden anhand der Figuren beschrieben werden. Es zeigen:

Figur 1:
ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung, und
Figur 2:
ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung.
Further details of the invention can be found in the embodiments, which are described below with reference to the figures. Show it:
FIG. 1:
a first embodiment of a device, and
FIG. 2:
a second embodiment of a device.

Das in Figur 1 dargestellte erste Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung 1 zum Umformen, insbesondere zum Kaltverformen, hierbei insbesondere zum Kaltfließpressen, eines Werkstücks 2 weist ein Umformwerkzeug 3 auf, das im hier dargestellten Fall als eine Verformungsmatrize ausgebildet ist. Das Umformwerkzeug 3 ist durch eine Vorschubeinrichtung 5 relativ zum Werkstück 2 bewegbar. Diese erzeugt also eine Relativbewegung zwischen Umformwerkzeug 3 und dem in einer Spanneinheit 7 eingespannten Werkstück 2. Wird das Umformwerkzeug 3 durch die Vorschubeinrichtung 5 in ihrer Vorschubrichtung P gegen das in dem hier gezeigten Fall ortsfest eingespannte Werkstück 2 bewegt, so tritt das Werkstück 2 in das Umformwerkzeug 3 ein und wird in an sich bekannter Art und Weise umgeformt.This in FIG. 1 illustrated first embodiment of a device 1 for forming, in particular for cold forming, in particular for cold extrusion, a workpiece 2, a forming tool 3, which is formed in the case shown here as a deformation die. The forming tool 3 is movable relative to the workpiece 2 by a feed device 5. Thus, this generates a relative movement between forming tool 3 and clamped in a clamping unit 7 workpiece 2. If the forming tool 3 is moved by the feed device 5 in its feed direction P against the stationary clamped in the case shown here workpiece 2, the workpiece 2 enters the Forming tool 3 and is formed in a conventional manner.

Bei der Vorrichtung 1 ist nun vorgesehen, dass die in Vorschubrichtung P verlaufende Bewegung durch eine auf die Vorschubeinrichtung 5 einwirkende Frequenzerzeugungseinrichtung 10 derart modifiziert wird, dass das Umformwerkzeug 3 in Vorschubrichtung P eine hubartige Bewegung ausführt, bei der vorgesehen ist, dass nach einem Vorwärtshub, bei dem das Umformwerkzeug 3 um einen ersten Hubweg vorwärts bewegt wird, das Umformwerkzeug 3 in einem daran anschließenden Rückwärtshub durch die Vorschubeinrichtung 5 um einen zweiten Hubweg zurückgezogen wird. In einem weiteren ersten Hubweg des dem vorstehend beschriebenen Umformschritt folgenden Umformschritts wird das Umformwerkzeug 3 wieder nach vorne bewegt, und zwar über den Endpunkt des Vorwärtshubs des vorangehenden Umformschrittes hinaus. Durch diese hammerartige Beaufschlagung des Werkstücks 2 durch das Umformwerkzeug 3 wird in vorteilhafter Art und Weise erreicht, dass das Umformwerkzeug 3 vor seinem Auftreffen auf den im nächsten Umformschritt zu bearbeitenden Bereich des Werkstücks 2 eine höhere kinetische Energie aufweist, als dies bei einer kontinuierlichen Kraftbeaufschlagung der Fall ist. Eine derartige Vorrichtung ist aus der EP 1 003 616 B1 der Anmelderin bekannt und muss daher nicht mehr näher beschrieben werden.In the device 1, it is now provided that the movement in the feed direction P is modified by a frequency generating device 10 acting on the feed device 5 such that the forming tool 3 executes a stroke-like movement in the feed direction P, in which it is provided that after a forward stroke, in which the forming tool 3 is moved forward by a first stroke, the forming tool 3 is retracted in a subsequent backward stroke by the feed device 5 by a second stroke. In a further first stroke of the forming step following the forming step described above, the forming tool 3 is moved forward again, beyond the end point of the forward stroke of the previous forming step. By this hammer-like loading of the workpiece 2 by the forming tool 3 is achieved in an advantageous manner that the forming tool 3 before hitting the area to be machined in the next forming step of the workpiece 2 a higher kinetic energy than is the case with a continuous application of force. Such a device is known from EP 1 003 616 B1 the Applicant known and therefore need not be described in more detail.

Bezüglich des weiteren konstruktiven Aufbaus der Vorrichtung 1 und ihrer Arbeitsweise wird auf die vorgenannte europäische Patentschrift verwiesen.With regard to the further structural design of the device 1 and its operation, reference is made to the aforementioned European patent.

Bei der hier beschriebenen Vorrichtung 1 ist nun vorgesehen, dass sich die Hubwege der Vorwärtshübe und/oder der Rückwärtshübe der einzelnen Umformschritte voneinander unterscheiden. Dies ist der wesentliche Unterschied zu der aus der EP 1 003 616 B1 bekannten, vorstehend beschriebenen Vorrichtung und dem entsprechenden Verfahren, bei denen vorgesehen war, dass die Vorwärtshübe und die Rückwärtshübe der einzelnen Umformschritte jeweils einen gleichen Hubweg aufgewiesen haben. Eine derartige Vorgangsweise besitzt nun im Hinblick auf die Fertigungsqualität und/oder auf die Standzeit des Umformwerkzeugs 3 nennenswerte Vorteile:In the device 1 described here it is now provided that the stroke paths of the forward strokes and / or the backward strokes of the individual forming steps differ from one another. This is the essential difference to that from the EP 1 003 616 B1 known device described above and the corresponding method in which it was provided that the forward strokes and the backward strokes of the individual forming steps have each had a same stroke. Such an approach has now in terms of manufacturing quality and / or on the life of the forming tool 3 significant benefits:

Gemäß einer bevorzugten ersten Ausgestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass der Hubweg der Vorwärtshübe und/oder der Rückwärtshübe der einzelnen Umformschritte eine nicht-kontinuierliche, chaotische Verteilung aufweist. Bevorzugt wird hierbei, dass die Frequenzerzeugungseinrichtung 10 eine so genannte Fuzzy-Logik 11 zur Bestimmung der jeweiligen Vorwärtshübe und/oder Rückwärtshübe der einzelnen Umformschritte aufweist.According to a preferred first embodiment it is provided that the stroke of the forward strokes and / or the backward strokes of the individual forming steps has a non-continuous, chaotic distribution. It is preferred here that the frequency generation device 10 has a so-called fuzzy logic 11 for determining the respective forward strokes and / or backward strokes of the individual forming steps.

Diese Vorgehensweise besitzt den Vorteil, dass hierdurch die Standzeit des Umformwerkzeugs 3 deutlich erhöht wird, da die Krafteinwirkung auf Umformzonen des Umformwerkzeugs 3 sich bei jedem Umformschritt etwas anders darstellt als beim vorangehenden Umformschritt: Die bei der Umformung des Werkstücks 2 auftretenden Belastungsfälle des Umformwerkzeugs 3 (insbesondere Druck-, Zug- und Biegebelastung sowie eine abrasive Belastung) sind aufgrund der nicht-kontinuierlichen, chaotischen Abfolge der Hubwege der einzelnen Vorwärtshübe und/oder Rückwärtshübe der einzelnen Umformschritte ebenso chaotisch verteilt, wodurch sich auch die Belastung der einzelnen Umformzonen des Umformwerkzeugs 3 chaotisch verteilt.This procedure has the advantage that in this way the service life of the forming tool 3 is significantly increased since the force acting on forming zones of the forming tool 3 is slightly different at each forming step than in the preceding forming step: The load cases of the forming tool 3 occurring during the forming of the workpiece 2 (FIGS. in particular pressure, tensile and bending loads as well as an abrasive load) are due to the non-continuous, chaotic sequence of the strokes of the individual forward strokes and / or backward strokes The individual forming steps also distributed chaotically, whereby the burden of the individual forming zones of the forming tool 3 distributed chaotically.

Es wird daher bevorzugt, dass die Fuzzy-Logik 11 der Frequenzerzeugungseinrichtung 10 die Vorwärtshübe und/oder die Rückwärtshübe der einzelnen Umformschritte so programmiert, dass sich über eine sich in Axialrichtung erstreckende Umformlänge des Werkstücks 2 im wesentlichen keine gleichen Hubwege ergeben. Diese Vorgehensweise besitzt den Vorteil, dass hierdurch eine Verteilung der Belastungskräfte auf das Umformwerkzeug 3 erreicht wird.It is therefore preferred that the fuzzy logic 11 of the frequency generator 10 program the forward strokes and / or the backward strokes of the individual forming steps such that substantially no equal stroke paths result over an axially extending forming length of the workpiece 2. This procedure has the advantage that a distribution of the loading forces on the forming tool 3 is thereby achieved.

Die vorstehend beschriebene Vorgangsweise ist auch dazu geeignet, für ein Entfernen des Werkstücks 2 aus dem Umformwerkzeug 3 eingesetzt zu werden. Die dabei durchzuführende Vorgangsweise ergibt sich für den Fachmann einfach dadurch, indem er die Rückfahr-Richtung des Umformwerkzeugs 3 als "Vorwärtsrichtung" im Sinne der vorstehenden Beschreibung auffasst.The procedure described above is also suitable for being used for removing the workpiece 2 from the forming tool 3. The procedure to be performed results for the skilled person simply by taking the return direction of the forming tool 3 as "forward direction" in the sense of the above description.

Gemäß einer zweiten bevorzugten Weiterbildung des vorstehend beschriebenen Funktionsprinzips der Vorrichtung 1 ist vorgesehen, dass die Frequenzmodulation der Vorschubeinrichtung 5 derart durchgeführt wird, dass der vom Umformwerkzeug 3 bei der Bearbeitung des Werkstücks 2 in dessen Axialrichtung verlaufende Umformweg in mindestens zwei Umformzonen aufgeteilt wird und innerhalb dieser einzelnen Umformzonen der Hubweg der Vorwärtshübe und/oder der Rückwärtshübe der zu der jeweiligen Umformzone korrelierten Umformschritte derart festgelegt wird, dass ein verbessertes Umformverhalten des Umformwerkzeugs 3 erzielt wird: Um zum Beispiel den eingangs beschriebenen Problemen bei der Herstellung des Kopfkreises einer Verzahnung entgegenzuwirken, wird bei der Umformung des Werkstücks 2 in dieser Umformzone vorgesehen, dass die Frequenzmodulation der Vorschubeinrichtung 5 durch die Frequenzerzeugungseinrichtung 10 derart erfolgt, dass der für eine Umformung an und für sich erwünschte gute Werkstoffluss bewusst verhindert oder zumindest verringert wird. Dies bewirkt ein besseres Füllen des Kopfkreises sowohl bei einer Außen- als auch bei einer Innenverzahnung. Auch wird bei Einziehungen das Wegtauchen des Durchmessers des umzuformenden Werkstücks 2 hierdurch verhindert oder zumindest reduziert.According to a second preferred development of the above-described functional principle of the device 1, it is provided that the frequency modulation of the feed device 5 is carried out in such a way that the forming path extending from the forming tool 3 during machining of the workpiece 2 in its axial direction is divided into at least two forming zones and within these individual Umformzonen the stroke of the forward strokes and / or the Rückwärtshübe the correlated to the respective forming zone forming steps is determined such that an improved deformation behavior of the forming tool 3 is achieved: To counteract, for example, the problems described in the preparation of the tip circle of a toothing is at the deformation of the workpiece 2 in this forming zone provided that the frequency modulation of the feed device 5 is carried out by the frequency generating device 10 such that the desired for a transformation in and of itself A good material flow is deliberately prevented or at least reduced. This causes a better filling of the top circle both in an external and an internal toothing. Also will In the case of recoveries, the immersion of the diameter of the workpiece 2 to be reshaped is thereby prevented or at least reduced.

Nach dem Umformen dieser ersten Umformzone wird dann in einer daran anschließenden zweiten Umformzone vorzugsweise wieder wie vorstehend beschrieben mit einer nicht-kontinuierlichen, chaotischen Modulation des Umformwerkzeugs 3 gearbeitet.After the forming of this first forming zone, a non-continuous, chaotic modulation of the forming tool 3 is then preferably again carried out in a subsequent second forming zone as described above.

Natürlich ist diese Vorgangsweise nicht auf zwei Umformzonen beschränkt. Es ist grundsätzlich möglich, beliebig viele unterschiedlichen Umformzonen vorzusehen, um damit die Länge der Vorwärtshübe und/oder der Rückwärtshübe der mit einer bestimmten Umformzone korrelierten Umformschritte situationsadequat den dabei auftretenden Bearbeitungserfordernissen und/oder den zu erzielenden Bearbeitungsergebnissen anzupassen. Es ist zum Beispiel möglich, dass am Ende des vom Umformwerkzeug 3 zu durchlaufenden Umformwegs - zur Vermeidung oder Reduzierung der eingangs beschriebenen "Bugwelle" - die Frequenzerzeugungseinrichtung 10 die Vorschubrichtung 5 derart moduliert, dass das Umformwerkzeug 3 bei den entsprechenden Umformschritten nur einen sehr kleinen Hubweg in Vorwärtsrichtung und einen noch kleineren Hubweg in Rückwärtsrichtung durchführt, so dass ein Hinausschieben des Werkstoffmaterials über den Endbereich der Verzahnung vermieden oder zumindest reduziert wird.Of course, this approach is not limited to two forming zones. In principle, it is possible to provide any number of different forming zones in order to adapt the length of the forward strokes and / or the backward strokes of the forming steps correlated to a specific forming zone to the processing requirements and / or the machining results to be achieved. It is possible, for example, that at the end of the forming path to be traversed by the forming tool 3 to avoid or reduce the "bow wave" described above, the frequency generating device 10 modulates the feed direction 5 in such a way that the forming tool 3 only has a very short stroke in the corresponding forming steps in the forward direction and an even smaller stroke in the reverse direction, so that a pushing out of the material material over the end region of the toothing is avoided or at least reduced.

Das in Figur 2 dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung 1' stimmt im wesentlichen mit der Vorrichtung 1 des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels überein, so dass gleiche Teile mit gleichen Bezugsziffern versehen werden können und nicht mehr näher beschrieben werden müssen. Ein wesentlicher Unterschied zwischen den beiden Ausführungsbeispielen besteht darin, dass bei der Vorrichtung 1' das Umformwerkzeug 3 ortsfest angeordnet ist, während das Werkstück 2 axialverschieblich zum Umformwerkzeug 3 ist. Demzufolge wirkt die Vorschubeinrichtung 5 und die mit ihr zusammenarbeitende Frequenzerzeugseinrichtung 10 auf das Werkstück 2 oder auf die das Werkstück 2 spannende Spanneinheit 7 ein.This in FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment of a device 1 'is substantially consistent with the device 1 of the first embodiment, so that the same parts can be provided with the same reference numerals and not need to be described in more detail. An essential difference between the two embodiments is that in the device 1 ', the forming tool 3 is arranged stationary, while the workpiece 2 is axially displaceable to the forming tool 3. As a result, the feed device 5 and the frequency generating device 10 cooperating with it act on the workpiece 2 or on the clamping unit 7 exciting the workpiece 2.

Natürlich ist auch eine Kombination zwischen den beiden vorgenanten Ausführungsbeispielen möglich, das heißt, dass sowohl das Umformwerkzeug 3 als auch das Werkstück 2 von der Vorschubeinrichtung 5 zur Erzeugung einer entsprechenden Relativbewegung zwischen Werkstück 2 und Umformwerkzeug 3 bewegt werden.Of course, a combination between the two vorgenanten embodiments is possible, that is, both the forming tool 3 and the workpiece 2 are moved by the feed device 5 for generating a corresponding relative movement between the workpiece 2 and forming tool 3.

Claims (8)

  1. Device (1) for forming, in particular for cold forming, here in particular for cold extruding, a workpiece (2), which device has a forming die (3) and a feed device (5) by means of which a relative movement can be generated between the workpiece (2) and the forming die (3), wherein the device (1) has a frequency generating device (10) which interacts with the feed device (5) and by which the relative movement between the workpiece (2) and the forming die (3), as generated by the feed device (5), can be modulated in such a way that following a forward stroke in which the workpiece (2) and/or the forming die (3) pass through a first stroke travel in the feeding direction (P), a movement of the forming die (3) and/or of the workpiece (2) can be effected in a subsequent reverse stroke, over a second stroke travel in a direction opposite to the feeding direction (P), characterized in that the frequency generating device (10) modulates the feed device (5) in such a way that the stroke travels of the forward strokes and/or of the reverse strokes of at least two successive forming steps of the device (1), each being composed of a forward stroke and a reverse stroke, are different.
  2. The device as defined in claim 1, characterized in that the frequency generating device (10) comprises a fuzzy logic (11).
  3. The device as defined in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the forming steps carried out within a defined forming length, which the forming die (3) is to run through in forming the workpiece (2), show a non-continuous chaotic distribution of the stroke travels of the different forming steps.
  4. The device as defined in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frequency generating device (10) modulates the feed device (5) in such a way that the forming path passed by the forming die (3) in axial direction of the workpiece (2) whenm working the workpiece is subdivided into at least two forming zones with different stroke travels of the forward stroke and/or of the reverse stroke of the different forming steps.
  5. Method for forming a workpiece (2) wherein a relative movement between the workpiece (2) and a forming die (3) is generated by a feed device (5), which relative movement between the workpiece (2) and the forming die (3), produced by the feed device (5), is modulated in such a way that following a forward stroke in which the workpiece (2) and/or the forming die (3) pass through a first stroke travel in the feed direction (P), a movement of the forming die (3) and/or of the workpiece (2), effected in a subsequent reverse stroke over a second stroke travel in a direction opposite to the feeding direction (P), is modulated by a frequency generating device (10) in such a way that the stroke travels of the forward strokes and/or of the reverse strokes of at least two successive forming steps, each being composed of a forward stroke and a reverse stroke, are different.
  6. The method as defined in claim 5, characterized in that the frequency generating device (10) uses a fuzzy logic.
  7. The method as defined in claim 5 or claim 6, characterized in that the frequency generating device (10) generates a succession of non-continuous chaotic forming steps.
  8. The method as defined in any of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the feed device (5) is modulated by the frequency generating device (10) in such a way that the forming path passed by the forming die (3) in axial direction of the workpiece (2) when working the workpiece is subdivided into at least two forming zones with different stroke travels of the forward stroke and/or of the reverse stroke of the different forming steps.
EP07786006A 2006-08-07 2007-07-12 Device and method for forming a workpiece Active EP2049276B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200620012170 DE202006012170U1 (en) 2006-08-07 2006-08-07 Cold extrusion press has advance and return repeat sequence progressively modified by fuzzy logic circuit
DE200610037091 DE102006037091B3 (en) 2006-08-07 2006-08-07 Device for cold deforming a workpiece comprises a frequency-producing unit for modulating an advancing unit so that the lifting paths of a forward lift and/or rearward lift of two subsequent deforming steps of the device are different
PCT/EP2007/006174 WO2008017358A1 (en) 2006-08-07 2007-07-12 Device and method for forming a workpiece

Publications (2)

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EP2049276A1 EP2049276A1 (en) 2009-04-22
EP2049276B1 true EP2049276B1 (en) 2010-01-06

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EP (1) EP2049276B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5517617B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101417157B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE454228T1 (en)
DE (1) DE502007002574D1 (en)
WO (1) WO2008017358A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120096915A1 (en) * 2010-10-25 2012-04-26 General Electric Company System and method for near net shape forging
CN102139291B (en) * 2011-03-28 2013-03-27 中国重型机械研究院有限公司 Synchronous control system of extruding cylinder and extruding plug for reverse extruder
ES2668349T3 (en) * 2015-12-15 2018-05-17 Felss Systems Gmbh Procedure and device for forming a workpiece by means of extrusion
EP3360622B1 (en) * 2017-02-13 2020-11-04 FELSS Systems GmbH Method of manufacturing and forming machine for forming in particular metallic workpieces by extrusion
CN111804918B (en) * 2020-07-21 2022-04-12 西华大学 Powder metallurgy part and preparation method thereof

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AT271143B (en) * 1967-10-09 1969-05-27 Langestein & Schemann Ag Machine for shaping a workpiece between two bears
US3550417A (en) * 1968-03-14 1970-12-29 Univ Ohio Process for the cold forming of metal
US3585832A (en) * 1968-06-14 1971-06-22 Battelle Development Corp Metal working
US3572080A (en) * 1968-10-03 1971-03-23 George A Mitchell Co Production of pointed workpieces
US3818799A (en) * 1972-10-30 1974-06-25 Chambersburg Eng Co Control system for an impact device
US4197757A (en) * 1977-04-13 1980-04-15 Hackett Kenneth P Method and apparatus for the cold forming of metal
US4131164A (en) * 1977-11-23 1978-12-26 Chambersburg Engineering Company Adaptive valve control system for an impact device
JPS632512U (en) * 1986-06-24 1988-01-09
JPH02251330A (en) * 1989-02-14 1990-10-09 Brother Ind Ltd Forging method
JPH0839427A (en) * 1994-07-22 1996-02-13 Toyoda Mach Works Ltd Grinding device
DE19735486C2 (en) * 1997-08-16 2000-07-20 Felss Geb Device and method for cold forming workpieces
DE10027703B4 (en) 2000-06-03 2005-03-03 Sms Demag Ag Method and apparatus for forming, in particular extrusion molding of a metallic workpiece
DE102004042917A1 (en) 2004-09-02 2006-03-23 Felss Gmbh Method and device for correcting a skew error of a polygonal profile, in particular a flank direction error of a toothing

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JP2010500175A (en) 2010-01-07
DE502007002574D1 (en) 2010-02-25
EP2049276A1 (en) 2009-04-22
ATE454228T1 (en) 2010-01-15
WO2008017358A1 (en) 2008-02-14
JP5517617B2 (en) 2014-06-11
KR20090036588A (en) 2009-04-14
US20090188292A1 (en) 2009-07-30
KR101417157B1 (en) 2014-07-08

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