EP2041808A1 - Superconducting current-limiting device of the resistive type with holding element - Google Patents

Superconducting current-limiting device of the resistive type with holding element

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Publication number
EP2041808A1
EP2041808A1 EP07730294A EP07730294A EP2041808A1 EP 2041808 A1 EP2041808 A1 EP 2041808A1 EP 07730294 A EP07730294 A EP 07730294A EP 07730294 A EP07730294 A EP 07730294A EP 2041808 A1 EP2041808 A1 EP 2041808A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
band
strip
current limiter
coil
superconductor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07730294A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2041808B1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Peter KRÄMER
Manfred Wohlfart
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2041808A1 publication Critical patent/EP2041808A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2041808B1 publication Critical patent/EP2041808B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2871—Pancake coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/323—Insulation between winding turns, between winding layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
    • H10N60/30—Devices switchable between superconducting and normal states
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9265—Special properties
    • Y10S428/93—Electric superconducting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
    • Y10S505/85—Protective circuit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a superconducting Strombe ⁇ border device of the resistive type, the conductor track is formed with at least one band-shaped superconductor, wherein between adjacent coil turns a holding element is arranged.
  • a current limiting device can be constructed using a superconductor.
  • Characteristic of superconductors is the property that they can wear with virtually no resistance below a material-specific critical temperature flows as long as the current density is less than that depending on the operating tempera ⁇ ture critical current density. This critical current density ⁇ decreases with increasing operating temperature and becomes zero when the operating temperature reaches the critical temperature mentioned.
  • This phenomenon can be exploited to establish a current limiting ⁇ device, which in the case that the above-ER-mentioned critical current density is exceeded, abruptly increases its elekt ⁇ step resistor and extending through the then occurring ohmic losses up to above the critical Tempe ⁇ temperature heated.
  • a superconducting strip conductor is to be understood as meaning a structure in which a superconducting layer, typically a high-temperature oxide superconductor, is applied to a normal-conducting substrate metal in strip form.
  • the superconducting band conductor is introduced into a flat, bifilar wound coil. A minimum distance must be maintained between adjacent coil windings, so that a coolant can flow through the coil. If a high temperature superconductor used (eg, YBCO) to the superconducting tape conductor, liquid nitrogen is suitable asdemit ⁇ tel for the current limiter device.
  • the entire voltage dropped across the coil now lies in the region of the outer radius between adjacent strip conductors.
  • the availability of the superconducting current limiter device is decisively influenced by the re-cooling time of the superconductor after the switching operation. Consequently, good accessibility of the cold ⁇ means to the trace of the current limiter is desirable.
  • a superconducting current limiter device should continue to be characterized by the lowest possible inductance. For this purpose, it is advantageous if adjacent Windun ⁇ gene come to ideal as possible lie on a common plane surface in the axial direction of the coil. To this end is an exact positioning of the turns of the superconducting current limiter desirable.
  • a particular supralei ⁇ tende current limiter device of the resistive type is to be specified whose conductor is formed with a band-shaped superconductor. Between adjacent coil turns, a holding element should be arranged. This holding element should be wider in the axial direction of the coil than the band-shaped superconductor and consist of a flat band and a ge ⁇ corrugated band.
  • the ribbon should extend Wesentli ⁇ surfaces parallel to the band-shaped superconductor at a substantially constant distance. The ribbon is at least largely undulated.
  • the corrugated tape is to extend substantially parallel to the flat band, the corrugated band radially periodically removed in a longitudinal direction of the ribbon and which has the ribbon near Be ⁇ rich.
  • the regions of the corrugated strip which are near the flat strip should have a mechanical connection to the flat strip.
  • the remote from the flat areas of the gewell ⁇ th band should have recesses so that an at least approximately precise fit, with respect to the ribbon-apart view of the tape-shaped superconductor enable is light.
  • the holding element consisting of the flat ⁇ ribbon and the corrugated band, is formed in the axial direction is wider than the band-shaped superconductor.
  • An embodiment of the retaining element, consisting of a flat strip and a corrugated strip furthermore makes it possible to achieve a high permeability of the coil for a cooling medium which cools the strip-shaped superconductor.
  • the cooling-down time of the sup ⁇ ra can be minimized.
  • the superconducting band conductor should be received by recesses of the corrugated band at least approximately exact fit. In this way, a fixation of the superconducting strip conductor in the axial direction of the coil is made possible. This fixation helps to minimize the inductance of the coil. Due to the ex- acts axial positioning of the turns of the coil, both the inductance of the coil as well as the forces acting between Benach ⁇ disclosed turns Lorentz forces are minimized. Advantage ⁇ way, both mechanical loads acting on the possibly existing supporting members of the interturn, and the total inductance of the superconducting current limiter devices are minimized in this way.
  • the superconducting current limiter device can additionally have the following features:
  • the coil of the current limiter device should be configured as a bifilar wound coil. In a bifilar wound coil ge ⁇ the inductances of the two halves of the bifilar winding compensate. In this way, a compact design with minimized inductance can advantageously be achieved for a current limiter.
  • an electrical insulator is vorgese ⁇ as material hen.
  • an electronic electrically insulating material for at least parts of Hal ⁇ tevoriques the risk of electrical flashovers between the individual turns of the coil can be minimized.
  • plastic insulator a plastic is provided.
  • a plastic acts as an electrical Isola ⁇ gate, and additionally due to its relatively low heat capacity, a low thermal load during cooling of the current limiter device.
  • the corrugated band may be formed substantially trapezoidal, sawtooth or sinusoidal.
  • a trapezoidal configuration of the corrugated strip has a mechanically stable guidance of the superconducting strip conductor in the radial direction.
  • a sawtooth or sinusoidal configuration of the corrugated strip is simple and therefore advantageous, in particular with respect to its manufacture.
  • the band-shaped superconductor HTS material high-temperature oxide superconductor material
  • LTS material metal low-temperature superconducting material
  • liquid nitrogen can advantageously be used as the cooling medium for cooling the superconducting current limiter device.
  • Metallic low-temperature superconducting material has a high mechanical strength and is easy to process in consequence .
  • a high mechanical resistance also leads to a low susceptibility to interference of the superconducting current limiter device.
  • the band-shaped superconductor is to be formed by one on a Puf ⁇ fermented or intermediate layer which is itself deposited on a normal ⁇ conductive metallic substrate tape on ⁇ placed layer of oxidic superconductor material of the type AB 2 Cu 3 O x, wherein A is at least one rare earth metal including yttrium and B is an earth ⁇ is at least alkali metal.
  • A is at least one rare earth metal including yttrium and B is an earth ⁇ is at least alkali metal.
  • the band-shaped superconductor is expediently arranged with its substrate side to the outside.
  • a superconductive layer applied to a metallic substrate strip typically has a higher mechanical load capacity for compressive stresses than for tensile stresses.
  • the superconducting band conductor is wound with the substrate side to the outside, ie with the coated side inwards, the superconducting layer is preferably exposed to compressive stresses. In this way, one can advantageously destroy the superconducting properties
  • the holding element should be designed such that the mutual distance between the coil turns is at least 1 mm.
  • it may escape between the individual turns of the coil by compliance with this minimum distance in the case of a shift boiling refrigerant without an unnecessarily large mechanical Be ⁇ utilization exert on the supporting structure of the coil.
  • a sufficient coolant supply of the superconducting strip conductor is ensured by maintaining this minimum distance.
  • FIG. 1 shows in perspective view a holding element and it being ⁇ deposited superconducting strip conductor, wherein the retaining member is trapezoidal configured
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal section through the trapezoidal shaped
  • FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section through a sinusoidally shaped holding element
  • Figure 5 shows a longitudinal section through a holding element, in which the corrugated band is designed sawtooth
  • Figure 6 in plan view of a bifilar wound disc coil of a current limiter device.
  • corresponding parts are given the same reference numerals.
  • Figure 1 shows a generally designated 2 holding element, consisting of a non-wavy flat belt 11 and a trapezoidal corrugated band 12.
  • the trapezoidal configured, thus corrugated band has in this case the flat band 11 near areas 13 and the flat band 11 remote areas 15.
  • the flat areas near and far areas (13 and 15) are connected by connecting or transition pieces 14 with each other.
  • Areas (13 or 15) of the corrugated strip 12, of the holding element 2 shown in FIG. 1, are not only to be understood as the areas of the trapezoids designated 13 and 15, respectively, but also The parts of the connecting elements 14 adjoining the flat areas 11 and 15 also have corresponding recesses 16 in the longitudinal direction of the corrugated strip 12. These are designed such that in them a superconducting band conductor 17 comes to lie at least approximately exact fit.
  • the direction indicated by B in FIG. 1 is the axial direction of the coil and the direction denoted by A is a tangential direction of the coil.
  • the current limiting device may consist of one or more coils, which are arranged one behind the other in the axial direction B.
  • the individual coils of such a current-limiting device can be designed as simple or preferably bifilar wound coils.
  • the retaining element generally designated 2 may be made of various suitable materials.
  • the flat strip 11 and the corrugated strip 12 may consist of the same or different material. In this case, both components may be made of a plastic, for example.
  • the superconducting band conductor 17 may be mechanically connected to the corrugated band 12 for reasons of mechanical stabilization.
  • the ribbon 11 can absorb mechanical occurring Belastun ⁇ gene both in with A as well as in the direction indicated by B direction.
  • the selected band 12 additionally acts as an electrical insulator.
  • the configuration of the holding element 2 such that this in the axial direction of the coil (in Figure 1 with B) a greater extent than that superconducting band conductor 17 has. In this way, the distance for a possible electrical flashover from one coil turn to the next, as compared to a holding element 2, which has the same width in the direction B as the superconducting band conductor 17, significantly extended.
  • Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section through the in figure 1 ge Service ⁇ th holding element 2.
  • this embodiment is of the band-shaped superconductor 17, supported by the corrugated strip 12, at a substantially constant distance 22 to the ribbon 11.
  • the corrugated strip 12 is about Verbin ⁇ tion elements 21 connected to the ribbon 11.
  • the connecting elements 21 can be embodied as webs, spot welds, adhesive dots or the like.
  • Figure 3 shows a cross section through the retaining element 2 ge ⁇ Telss the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1 Shown are both the flat band 11 as well as the gewell ⁇ te band 12, which has a recess 16.
  • the flat ⁇ ribbon 11 and the corrugated strip 12 are elements on the connection 21 connected to each other.
  • Connecting elements 21 is not limited to a punctual connection of ribbon 11 and corrugated tape 12; Also, a partially planar connection between the elements 11 and 12 is advantageously feasible.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further preferred exemplary embodiment of a retaining element 41 of a superconductive current limiter device, shown in a longitudinal section.
  • the corrugated band 42 is according to this embodiment sinusoidally from ⁇ designed and has 43 recesses for receiving the superconducting tape guide 17 in the flat belt 11 removed portion ⁇ areas.
  • the corrugated strip 52 can be designed in the form of a sawtooth, in particular in the form of a periodic triangular structure.
  • the corrugated band 52 has recesses for receiving the superconducting band conductor 17 in the regions 53 remote from the flat band 11.
  • FIG. 6 shows the structure of a bifilar pancake coil 61 ge ⁇ Mäss a preferred embodiment of the superconducting current limiter device. Depicted are the bifilar wound superconducting band conductor 17 and a holding element 2 arranged between the windings. This holding element 2 can be configured in accordance with one of the previously mentioned figures.
  • the superconducting band conductor 17 may further be constructed as follows.
  • a so-called buffer layer can be applied first on which the actually superconducting oxide high-temperature Supralei ⁇ tertik (eg YBCO) is applied.
  • the construction of such band conductors suitable for superconducting current limiter devices is proposed, for example, in DE 10 2004 048 646 A1.
  • the entire mechanical structure of the turns of the coil must be sufficiently mechanically stable, ie it must be manageable during assembly and must be able to absorb the forces occurring during boiling of the coolant readily. Influence on the forces which occur during boiling of the coolant is dependent on the dimensioning of the holding element 62 distance 63 of the conductor windings 17 (compare FIG. With regard to the holding element 2 shown in Figure 2, this distance is in particular given by the distance 22 of the supra ⁇ conductive strip conductor 17 to the flat strip 11, and the total height 23 of the holding element.

Abstract

The superconducting current-limiting device contains at least one coil (61), the conductive track of which is formed from at least one band-shaped superconductor (17), where a holding element (2, 41, 10, 51, 62) is located between adjacent coil windings. The holding element (2, 41, 51, 62) is constructed wider than the superconductor (17) in the axial direction of the coil (61). The holding element (2, 41, 51, 62) further includes a flat strip (11) and an undulating strip (12, 42, 52). The flat strip (11) extends essentially parallel to the band-shaped superconductor (17) at an essentially constant distance (22) therefrom. The undulating strip (12, 42, 52) extends essentially parallel to the flat strip (11), and in the longitudinal direction periodically has regions (15, 43, 53) distant from and regions (13) close to the flat strip (11). The regions (13) of the undulating strip (12, 42, 52) near to the flat strip have a mechanical connection (21) to the flat strip (11). The regions (15, 43, 53) of the undulating strip far from the flat strip have recesses (16) of such a kind that an at least approximately close-fitting mounting of the band-shaped superconductor (17) relative to the flat strip (11) is facilitated.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Supraleitende Strombegrenzereinrichtung vom resistiven Typ mit HalteelementSuperconducting current limiter device of resistive type with holding element
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine supraleitende Strombe¬ grenzereinrichtung vom resistiven Typ, deren Leiterbahn mit mindestens einem bandförmigen Supraleiter gebildet ist, wobei zwischen benachbarten Spulenwindungen ein Halteelement ange- ordnet ist .The invention relates to a superconducting Strombe ¬ border device of the resistive type, the conductor track is formed with at least one band-shaped superconductor, wherein between adjacent coil turns a holding element is arranged.
Zum Schutz elektrischer Bauteile lässt sich unter Verwendung eines Supraleiters eine Strombegrenzereinrichtung aufbauen. Charakteristisch für Supraleiter ist die Eigenschaft, dass sie unterhalb einer materialspezifischen kritischen Temperatur Ströme praktisch ohne Widerstand tragen können, solange die Stromdichte kleiner ist als die von der Betriebstempera¬ tur abhängige kritische Stromdichte. Diese kritische Strom¬ dichte nimmt mit zunehmender Betriebstemperatur ab und wird zu null, wenn die Betriebstemperatur die erwähnte kritische Temperatur erreicht .To protect electrical components, a current limiting device can be constructed using a superconductor. Characteristic of superconductors is the property that they can wear with virtually no resistance below a material-specific critical temperature flows as long as the current density is less than that depending on the operating tempera ¬ ture critical current density. This critical current density ¬ decreases with increasing operating temperature and becomes zero when the operating temperature reaches the critical temperature mentioned.
Dieses Phänomen lässt sich zum Aufbau einer Strombegrenzungs¬ einrichtung ausnutzen, welche in dem Fall, dass die zuvor er- wähnte kritische Stromdichte überschritten wird, ihren elekt¬ rischen Widerstand sprunghaft erhöht und sich durch die dann auftretenden Ohmschen Verluste bis über die kritische Tempe¬ ratur erwärmt .This phenomenon can be exploited to establish a current limiting ¬ device, which in the case that the above-ER-mentioned critical current density is exceeded, abruptly increases its elekt ¬ step resistor and extending through the then occurring ohmic losses up to above the critical Tempe ¬ temperature heated.
Um eine Zerstörung durch Überhitzen zu vermeiden, muss nach einem Ansprechen des Strombegrenzers der Strom abgeschaltet werden. Für die Wiederinbetriebnahme muss gewartet werden, bis der gesamte Begrenzer wieder auf die Betriebstemperatur abgekühlt ist. Diese Rückkühlzeit hat wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Verfügbarkeit des Strombegrenzers.In order to prevent destruction by overheating, the current must be switched off after the current limiter has responded. To restart, wait until the entire limiter has cooled down to operating temperature. This recooling time has a significant influence on the availability of the current limiter.
Unter Ausnutzung dieses Phänomens lässt sich ein Überstrom- schutzschalter (Strombegrenzer) realisieren, welcher sich durch schnelle Schaltzeiten und einen für die Schutzeinrichtung selbst nicht destruktiven Schaltvorgang auszeichnet. Entsprechende Strombegrenzereinrichtungen ist z.B. aus DE 10 2004 048 646 Al bekannt.Taking advantage of this phenomenon, it is possible to realize an overcurrent circuit breaker (current limiter), which characterized by fast switching times and a non-destructive for the protective device switching process itself. Corresponding current-limiting devices are known, for example, from DE 10 2004 048 646 A1.
Als Leiterbahn in einem solchen Strombegrenzer werden insbesondere supraleitende Bandleiter (coated conductors) verwen¬ det. Unter einem supraleitenden Bandleiter ist in diesem Zusammenhang ein Aufbau zu verstehen, bei dem auf ein normal- leitendes Substratmetall in Bandform eine supraleitende Schicht, typischerweise ein oxidischer Hochtemperatur- Supraleiter, aufgebracht wird. Zur Vermeidung von Induktivitäten wird der supraleitende Bandleiter in eine flache, bifi- lar gewickelte Spule eingebracht . Zwischen benachbarten Spu- lenwindungen ist ein Mindestabstand einzuhalten, so dass die Spule von einem Kühlmittel durchströmbar ist. Wird für den supraleitender Bandleiter ein Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter verwendet (z.B. YBCO), so ist flüssiger Stickstoff als Kühlmit¬ tel für die Strombegrenzereinrichtung geeignet .As a conductor track in such a current limiter in particular superconducting band conductors (coated conductors) verwen ¬ det. In this context, a superconducting strip conductor is to be understood as meaning a structure in which a superconducting layer, typically a high-temperature oxide superconductor, is applied to a normal-conducting substrate metal in strip form. To avoid inductances, the superconducting band conductor is introduced into a flat, bifilar wound coil. A minimum distance must be maintained between adjacent coil windings, so that a coolant can flow through the coil. If a high temperature superconductor used (eg, YBCO) to the superconducting tape conductor, liquid nitrogen is suitable as Kühlmit ¬ tel for the current limiter device.
Bei bifilar gewickelten Spulen aus Bandleitermaterial liegt nun im Bereich des äußeren Radius zwischen benachbarten Leiterbahnen die gesamte an der Spule abfallende Spannung an. Um eine möglichst kompakte Bauform der supraleitenden Strombe- grenzereinrichtung zu ermöglichen, ist es wünschenswert, benachbarte Leiterwindungen auf möglichst geringem Raum unterzubringen. Folglich ist zum Schutz vor elektrischen Überschlägen eine möglichst gute Isolation zwischen benachbarten Windungen erforderlich. Gleichzeitig wird die Verfügbarkeit der supraleitenden Strombegrenzereinrichtung maßgeblich von der Rückkühlzeit des Supraleiters nach dem Schaltvorgang be- einflusst. Folglich ist eine gute Zugänglichkeit des Kälte¬ mittels zu der Leiterbahn des Strombegrenzers wünschenswert. Eine supraleitende Strombegrenzereinrichtung sollte sich wei- terhin durch eine möglichst geringe Induktivität auszeichnen. Zu diesem Zweck ist es vorteilhaft, wenn benachbarte Windun¬ gen in axialer Richtung der Spule möglichst ideal auf einer gemeinsamen planen Fläche zu liegen kommen. Zu diesem Zweck ist eine exakte Positionierung der Windungen des supraleitenden Strombegrenzers wünschenswert.In the case of bifilar wound coils made of strip conductor material, the entire voltage dropped across the coil now lies in the region of the outer radius between adjacent strip conductors. In order to enable the most compact design of the superconducting current limiting device, it is desirable to accommodate adjacent conductor windings in the smallest possible space. Consequently, the best possible insulation between adjacent turns is required to protect against electrical flashovers. At the same time, the availability of the superconducting current limiter device is decisively influenced by the re-cooling time of the superconductor after the switching operation. Consequently, good accessibility of the cold ¬ means to the trace of the current limiter is desirable. A superconducting current limiter device should continue to be characterized by the lowest possible inductance. For this purpose, it is advantageous if adjacent Windun ¬ gene come to ideal as possible lie on a common plane surface in the axial direction of the coil. To this end is an exact positioning of the turns of the superconducting current limiter desirable.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es nun, eine supralei- tende Strombegrenzereinrichtung vom resistiven Typ anzugeben, welche eine Verbesserung im Hinblick auf die zuvor genannten technischen Probleme darstellt.It is an object of the present invention to provide a resistive type superconductive current limiter device which is an improvement in view of the aforementioned technical problems.
Die vorgenannte Aufgabe wird mit den in Anspruch 1 angegebe- nen Maßnahmen gelöst. Demgemäß soll eine besondere supralei¬ tende Strombegrenzereinrichtung vom resistiven Typ angegeben werden deren Leiterbahn mit einem bandförmigen Supraleiter gebildet ist. Zwischen benachbarten Spulenwindungen soll ein Halteelement angeordnet sein. Dieses Halteelement soll in axialer Richtung der Spule breiter als der bandförmige Supraleiter ausgebildet sein und aus einem Flachband und einem ge¬ wellten Band bestehen. Das Flachband soll sich im Wesentli¬ chen parallel zu dem bandförmigen Supraleiter unter einem im Wesentlichen konstanten Abstand erstrecken. Das Flachband ist zumindest weitgehend nicht gewellt. Das gewellte Band soll sich im Wesentlichen parallel zu dem Flachband erstrecken, wobei das gewellte Band in seiner Längsrichtung periodisch radial von dem Flachband entfernte und dem Flachband nahe Be¬ reiche aufweist. Die dem Flachband nahen Bereiche des gewell- ten Bandes sollen eine mechanische Verbindung mit dem Flachband aufweisen. Die dem Flachband fernen Bereiche des gewell¬ ten Bandes sollen Aussparungen aufweisen, so dass eine zumindest näherungsweise passgenaue, gegenüber dem Flachband beabstandete Aufnahme des bandförmigen Supraleiters ermög- licht ist.The above object is achieved by the measures indicated in claim 1. Accordingly, a particular supralei ¬ tende current limiter device of the resistive type is to be specified whose conductor is formed with a band-shaped superconductor. Between adjacent coil turns, a holding element should be arranged. This holding element should be wider in the axial direction of the coil than the band-shaped superconductor and consist of a flat band and a ge ¬ corrugated band. The ribbon should extend Wesentli ¬ surfaces parallel to the band-shaped superconductor at a substantially constant distance. The ribbon is at least largely undulated. The corrugated tape is to extend substantially parallel to the flat band, the corrugated band radially periodically removed in a longitudinal direction of the ribbon and which has the ribbon near Be ¬ rich. The regions of the corrugated strip which are near the flat strip should have a mechanical connection to the flat strip. The remote from the flat areas of the gewell ¬ th band should have recesses so that an at least approximately precise fit, with respect to the ribbon-apart view of the tape-shaped superconductor enable is light.
Mit den erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen sind die folgenden Vorteile verbunden: Das Halteelement, bestehend aus dem Flach¬ band und dem gewellten Band, ist in axialer Richtung breiter ausgebildet als der bandförmige Supraleiter. Auf diese Weise kann die elektrische Durchschlagstrecke von einer Spulenwin¬ dung zur nächsten gegenüber einer Ausführung, bei der das Halteelement die gleiche Breite wie der bandförmige Supralei- ter aufweist, verlängert werden. Vorteilhaft wird auf diese Weise eine kompakte Bauform der Strombegrenzereinrichtung bei gleichzeitiger Verbesserung des Schutzes vor Spannungsüberschlägen realisiert. Durch eine Ausgestaltung des Halteele- ments, bestehend aus einem Flachband und einem gewellten Band, kann weiterhin eine hohe Permeabilität der Spule für ein den bandförmigen Supraleiter kühlendes Kältemedium erreicht werden. Auf diese Weise kann die Rückkühlzeit des sup¬ raleitenden Bandleiters minimiert werden. Der supraleitende Bandleiter soll von Aussparungen des gewellten Bandes zumindest näherungsweise passgenau aufgenommen werden. Auf diese Weise wird eine Fixierung des supraleitenden Bandleiters in axialer Richtung der Spule ermöglicht. Diese Fixierung trägt zur Minimierung der Induktivität der Spule bei. Durch die ex- akte axiale Positionierung der Windungen der Spule werden sowohl die Induktivität der Spule als auch die zwischen benach¬ barten Windungen wirkenden Lorentzkräfte minimiert. Vorteil¬ haft können auf diese Weise sowohl mechanische Belastungen, welche auf die eventuell vorhandenen Trageelemente der Wick- lung wirken, als auch die Gesamtinduktivität der supraleitenden Strombegrenzereinrichtungen minimiert werden.With the measures according to the invention the following advantages: The holding element consisting of the flat ¬ ribbon and the corrugated band, is formed in the axial direction is wider than the band-shaped superconductor. In this way, the electrical breakdown distance from one Spulenwin ¬ tion to the next to an embodiment in which the holding element has the same width as the band-shaped Supralei- ter extended. Advantageously, in this way a compact design of the current limiter device is realized while simultaneously improving the protection against voltage flashovers. An embodiment of the retaining element, consisting of a flat strip and a corrugated strip, furthermore makes it possible to achieve a high permeability of the coil for a cooling medium which cools the strip-shaped superconductor. In this way, the cooling-down time of the sup ¬ raleitenden strip conductor can be minimized. The superconducting band conductor should be received by recesses of the corrugated band at least approximately exact fit. In this way, a fixation of the superconducting strip conductor in the axial direction of the coil is made possible. This fixation helps to minimize the inductance of the coil. Due to the ex- acts axial positioning of the turns of the coil, both the inductance of the coil as well as the forces acting between Benach ¬ disclosed turns Lorentz forces are minimized. Advantage ¬ way, both mechanical loads acting on the possibly existing supporting members of the interturn, and the total inductance of the superconducting current limiter devices are minimized in this way.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Strombegrenzereinrichtung gehen aus den von Anspruch 1 abhängigen Ansprüchen hervor. Dabei kann die Ausführungsform nach Anspruch 1 mit den Merkmalen eines Unteranspruches oder auch vorzugsweise mit denen aus mehreren Unteransprüchen kombiniert werden. Demgemäß kann die supraleitende Strombegrenzer¬ einrichtung zusätzlich noch folgende Merkmale aufweisen: - Die Spule der Strombegrenzereinrichtung soll als bifilar gewickelte Spule ausgestaltet sein. Bei einer bifilar ge¬ wickelten Spule kompensieren sich die Induktivitäten der beiden Hälften der bifilaren Wicklung. Auf diese Weise kann für einen Strombegrenzer vorteilhaft eine kompakte Bauform bei minimierter Induktivität erreicht werden.Advantageous embodiments of the current limiter device according to the invention will become apparent from the dependent of claim 1 claims. In this case, the embodiment according to claim 1 with the features of a dependent claim or preferably also be combined with those of several subclaims. Accordingly, the superconducting current limiter device can additionally have the following features: The coil of the current limiter device should be configured as a bifilar wound coil. In a bifilar wound coil ge ¬ the inductances of the two halves of the bifilar winding compensate. In this way, a compact design with minimized inductance can advantageously be achieved for a current limiter.
Für das Flachband und/oder das gewellte Band des Halteele¬ mentes ist ein elektrischer Isolator als Material vorgese¬ hen. Vorteilhaft kann durch die Verwendung eines elek- trisch isolierenden Materials für zumindest Teile der Hal¬ tevorrichtung die Gefahr von elektrischen Überschlägen zwischen den einzelnen Windungen der Spule minimiert werden . - Als elektrischer Isolator ist ein Kunststoff vorgesehen. Vorteilhaft wirkt ein Kunststoff als elektrischer Isola¬ tor, und stellt zusätzlich aufgrund seiner verhältnismäßig geringen Wärmekapazität eine geringe thermische Last beim Einkühlvorgang der Strombegrenzereinrichtung dar. - Das gewellte Band kann im Wesentlichen trapezförmig, säge- zahnförmig oder sinusförmig ausgebildet sein. Vorteilhaft weist eine trapezförmige Ausgestaltung des gewellten Bandes eine mechanisch stabile Führung des supraleitenden Bandleiters in radialer Richtung auf. Eine sägezahnförmige oder sinusförmige Ausgestaltung des gewellten Bandes ist insbesondere in Bezug auf dessen Herstellung einfach und daher vorteilhaft.For the flat band and / or the corrugated band of Halteele ¬ Mentes an electrical insulator is vorgese ¬ as material hen. Advantageously, by using an electronic electrically insulating material for at least parts of Hal ¬ tevorrichtung the risk of electrical flashovers between the individual turns of the coil can be minimized. - As plastic insulator a plastic is provided. Advantageously, a plastic acts as an electrical Isola ¬ gate, and additionally due to its relatively low heat capacity, a low thermal load during cooling of the current limiter device. - The corrugated band may be formed substantially trapezoidal, sawtooth or sinusoidal. Advantageously, a trapezoidal configuration of the corrugated strip has a mechanically stable guidance of the superconducting strip conductor in the radial direction. A sawtooth or sinusoidal configuration of the corrugated strip is simple and therefore advantageous, in particular with respect to its manufacture.
Als supraleitendes Material des bandförmigen Supraleiters ist HTS-Material (oxidisches Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter- material) oder LTS-Material (metallisches Tieftemperatur- Supraleitermaterial) vorgesehen. Durch die Verwendung von oxidischem Hochtemperatur-Supraleitermaterial kann für die Kühlung der supraleitenden Strombegrenzereinrichtung vorteilhaft flüssiger Stickstoff als Kältemedium verwendet werden. Metallisches Tieftemperatur-Supraleitermaterial weist eine hohe mechanische Belastbarkeit auf und ist in¬ folge dessen gut zu verarbeiten. Eine hohe mechanische Wi¬ derstandsfähigkeit führt weiterhin zu einer geringen Störanfälligkeit der supraleitenden Strombegrenzereinrichtung. - Der bandförmige Supraleiter soll durch eine auf eine Puf¬ fer- oder Zwischenschicht, welche selbst auf einem normal¬ leitenden metallischen Substratband aufgebracht ist, auf¬ gebrachte Schicht von oxidischem Supraleitermaterial vom Typ AB2Cu3Ox gebildet sein, wobei A mindestens ein Seltenes Erdmetall einschließlich Yttrium und B mindestens ein Erd¬ alkalimetall ist. Die Verwendung eines supraleitenden Bandleiters der zweiten Generation auf der Basis von Yttrium-Barium-Kupferoxid in einer supraleitenden Strombe- grenzereinrichtung ist sowohl im Hinblick auf die Verarbeitung des weiterhin kommerziell gut verfügbaren bandförmigen Supraleiters der zweiten Generation wie auch im Hinblick auf den Schaltvorgang der supraleitenden Strombe- grenzereinrichtung vorteilhaft .As a superconducting material of the band-shaped superconductor HTS material (high-temperature oxide superconductor material) or LTS material (metallic low-temperature superconducting material) is provided. By using high-temperature oxide superconductor material, liquid nitrogen can advantageously be used as the cooling medium for cooling the superconducting current limiter device. Metallic low-temperature superconducting material has a high mechanical strength and is easy to process in consequence . A high mechanical resistance also leads to a low susceptibility to interference of the superconducting current limiter device. - The band-shaped superconductor is to be formed by one on a Puf ¬ fermented or intermediate layer which is itself deposited on a normal ¬ conductive metallic substrate tape on ¬ placed layer of oxidic superconductor material of the type AB 2 Cu 3 O x, wherein A is at least one rare earth metal including yttrium and B is an earth ¬ is at least alkali metal. The use of a second generation superconducting strip conductor based on yttrium-barium-copper oxide in a superconducting current Boundary device is advantageous both with regard to the processing of the second commercially available band-shaped superconductor of the second generation as well as with regard to the switching operation of the superconducting current limiting device.
In der Spule wird der bandförmige Supraleiter zweckmäßig mit seiner Substratseite nach außen angeordnet. Eine auf einem metallischen Substratband aufgebrachte supraleitende Schicht weist typischerweise eine höhere mechanische Be- lastbarkeit für Druckspannungen als für Zugspannungen auf. Indem der supraleitende Bandleiter mit der Substratseite nach außen, also mit der beschichteten Seite nach innen, gewickelt wird ist die supraleitende Schicht vorzugsweise Druckspannungen ausgesetzt. Auf diese Weise kann vorteil- haft eine die supraleitenden Eigenschaften zerstörendeIn the coil, the band-shaped superconductor is expediently arranged with its substrate side to the outside. A superconductive layer applied to a metallic substrate strip typically has a higher mechanical load capacity for compressive stresses than for tensile stresses. By the superconducting band conductor is wound with the substrate side to the outside, ie with the coated side inwards, the superconducting layer is preferably exposed to compressive stresses. In this way, one can advantageously destroy the superconducting properties
Rissbildung innerhalb der supraleitenden Schicht verringert werden. Dies führt zu einer verbesserten Zuverlässig¬ keit der Strombegrenzereinrichtung. Der bandförmige Supraleiter und das Halteelement können mittels eines Kunstharzes unter Freihaltung von Kühlmit¬ telwegen miteinander verklebt werden. Vorteilhaft wird durch eine Verklebung des supraleitenden Bandleiters mit dem Halteelement eine verbesserte Fixierung des Bandlei¬ ters am Halteelement erreicht. Auf diese Weise kann die Induktivität der Gesamtspule bzw. die zwischen benachbar¬ ten Windungen der Spule wirkenden Lorentzkräfte minimiert werden .Cracking can be reduced within the superconducting layer. This leads to improved Reliable ¬ ness of the current limiter device. The band-shaped superconductor and the holding element can be glued together by means of a synthetic resin while keeping Kühlmit ¬ telwegen. An improved fixation of the Bandlei ¬ ters is advantageously achieved on the retaining element by a bonding of the superconducting tape guide with the retaining element. In this way, the inductance of the entire coil or between th benachbar ¬ turns of the coil acting Lorentz forces can be minimized.
Das Halteelement soll derart ausgestaltet sein, dass der gegenseitige Abstand zwischen den Spulenwindungen mindes- tens 1 mm beträgt. Vorteilhaft kann durch die Einhaltung dieses Mindestabstandes im Falle eines Schaltvorganges siedendes Kältemittel zwischen den einzelnen Windungen der Spule entweichen, ohne eine unnötig große mechanische Be¬ lastung auf die tragende Struktur der Spule auszuüben. Ferner wird durch Einhaltung dieses Mindestabstandes eine hinreichende Kühlmittelversorgung des supraleitenden Bandleiters gewährleistet. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen supraleitenden Strombegrenzereinrichtungen gehen aus den vorstehend nicht angesprochenen Unteransprüchen sowie insbesondere aus der Zeichnung hervor.The holding element should be designed such that the mutual distance between the coil turns is at least 1 mm. Advantageously, it may escape between the individual turns of the coil by compliance with this minimum distance in the case of a shift boiling refrigerant without an unnecessarily large mechanical Be ¬ utilization exert on the supporting structure of the coil. Furthermore, a sufficient coolant supply of the superconducting strip conductor is ensured by maintaining this minimum distance. Further advantageous embodiments of the superconducting current limiter devices according to the invention are apparent from the subclaims not mentioned above and in particular from the drawing.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung weiter erläutert, aus der bevorzugt Ausführungsbei¬ spiele einer erfindungsgemäßen supraleitenden Strombegrenzereinrichtung ohne eine Einschränkung auf die konkret veran- schaulichten Ausführungsformen hervorgehen. Dabei zeigen derenThe invention will be further explained with reference to the drawing, in the preferred Ausführungsbei ¬ play a superconducting current-limiter device according to the invention without a restriction to the particular embodiments ILLUSTRATED emerge. This show their
Figur 1 in Schrägsicht ein Halteelement und den darin ange¬ brachten supraleitenden Bandleiter, wobei das Halteelement trapezförmig ausgestaltet ist, Figur 2 einen Längsschnitt durch das trapezförmig ausgeformte1 shows in perspective view a holding element and it being ¬ deposited superconducting strip conductor, wherein the retaining member is trapezoidal configured Figure 2 is a longitudinal section through the trapezoidal shaped
Halteelement nach Figur 1, Figur 3 einen Querschnitt durch das trapezförmig ausgeformteHolding element of Figure 1, Figure 3 shows a cross section through the trapezoidal shaped
Halteelement nach Figur 1,Retaining element according to FIG. 1,
Figur 4 einen Längsschnitt durch ein sinusförmig ausgeformtes Halteelement,FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section through a sinusoidally shaped holding element,
Figur 5 einen Längsschnitt durch ein Halteelement, bei dem das gewellte Band sägezahnförmig ausgestaltet ist, Figur 6 in Aufsicht eine bifilar gewickelte Scheibenspule einer Strombegrenzereinrichtung. In den Figuren sind sich entsprechende Teile mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen.Figure 5 shows a longitudinal section through a holding element, in which the corrugated band is designed sawtooth, Figure 6 in plan view of a bifilar wound disc coil of a current limiter device. In the figures, corresponding parts are given the same reference numerals.
Figur 1 zeigt ein allgemein mit 2 bezeichnetes Halteelement, bestehend aus einem nicht gewellten Flachband 11 und einem trapezförmig ausgestalteten gewellten Band 12. Das trapezförmig ausgestaltete, somit gewellte Band weist hierbei dem Flachband 11 nahe Bereiche 13 und dem Flachband 11 entfernte Bereiche 15 auf. Die dem Flachband nahen und fernen Bereiche (13 bzw. 15) sind durch Verbindungs- oder Übergangsstücke 14 miteinander verbunden. Als dem Flachband 11 nahe bzw. ferneFigure 1 shows a generally designated 2 holding element, consisting of a non-wavy flat belt 11 and a trapezoidal corrugated band 12. The trapezoidal configured, thus corrugated band has in this case the flat band 11 near areas 13 and the flat band 11 remote areas 15. The flat areas near and far areas (13 and 15) are connected by connecting or transition pieces 14 with each other. As the flat band 11 near or far
Bereiche (13 bzw. 15) des gewellten Bandes 12, des in Figur 1 dargestellten Halteelementes 2, sind nicht nur die mit 13 bzw. 15 bezeichneten Flächen der Trapeze zu verstehen, son- dern auch entsprechende an diese Flächen anschließende Teile der Verbindungselemente 14. Die dem Flachband 11 entfernten Teile 15 des gewellten Bandes 12 weisen in Längsrichtung des gewellten Bandes 12 Aussparungen 16 auf. Diese sind derart ausgestaltet, dass in ihnen ein supraleitender Bandleiter 17 zumindest näherungsweise passgenau zu liegen kommt.Areas (13 or 15) of the corrugated strip 12, of the holding element 2 shown in FIG. 1, are not only to be understood as the areas of the trapezoids designated 13 and 15, respectively, but also The parts of the connecting elements 14 adjoining the flat areas 11 and 15 also have corresponding recesses 16 in the longitudinal direction of the corrugated strip 12. These are designed such that in them a superconducting band conductor 17 comes to lie at least approximately exact fit.
In Bezug auf die Verwendung eines in Figur 1 dargestellten und allgemein mit 2 bezeichneten Halteelements in einer Spule einer supraleitenden Strombegrenzereinrichtung, ist die in Figur 1 mit B bezeichnete Richtung die axiale Richtung der Spule und die mit A bezeichnete Richtung eine tangentiale Richtung der Spule. Die Strombegrenzereinrichtung kann aus einer oder mehreren Spulen bestehen, die in axialer Richtung B hintereinander angeordnet sind. Die einzelnen Spulen einer solchen Strombegrenzereinrichtung können als einfach oder bevorzugt als bifilar gewickelte Spulen ausgeführt sein.With regard to the use of a holding element in a coil of a superconducting current limiter device shown in FIG. 1 and generally designated by 2, the direction indicated by B in FIG. 1 is the axial direction of the coil and the direction denoted by A is a tangential direction of the coil. The current limiting device may consist of one or more coils, which are arranged one behind the other in the axial direction B. The individual coils of such a current-limiting device can be designed as simple or preferably bifilar wound coils.
Das im Allgemeinen mit 2 bezeichnete Halteelement kann aus verschiedenen geeigneten Materialien gefertigt sein. Vorteilhaft können das Flachband 11 und das gewellte Band 12 aus demselben oder aus unterschiedlichem Material bestehen. Hierbei können beide Bauteile z.B. aus einem Kunststoff gefertigt sein. Der supraleitende Bandleiter 17 kann aus Gründen der mechanischen Stabilisierung mit dem gewellten Band 12 mechanisch verbunden werden. Vorteilhaft ist eine Verklebung des Bandleiters 17 im Bereich der Kontaktflächen mit dem gewellten Band 12 oder auch eine Verbindung mittels Löt- oder Schweißpunkten oder Nähten. Bei einer Ausgestaltung des HaI- teelementes 2 unter Verwendung zweier verschiedener Materialien kann das Flachband 11 auftretende mechanische Belastun¬ gen sowohl in die mit A wie auch in die mit B bezeichnete Richtung aufnehmen. Das gewählte Band 12 wirkt zusätzlich als elektrischer Isolator.The retaining element generally designated 2 may be made of various suitable materials. Advantageously, the flat strip 11 and the corrugated strip 12 may consist of the same or different material. In this case, both components may be made of a plastic, for example. The superconducting band conductor 17 may be mechanically connected to the corrugated band 12 for reasons of mechanical stabilization. Advantageously, a bonding of the strip conductor 17 in the region of the contact surfaces with the corrugated strip 12 or a connection by means of soldering or welding points or seams. In one embodiment of the Hal- teelementes 2 using two different materials, the ribbon 11 can absorb mechanical occurring Belastun ¬ gene both in with A as well as in the direction indicated by B direction. The selected band 12 additionally acts as an electrical insulator.
Weiterhin vorteilhaft ist die derartige Ausgestaltung des Halteelementes 2, dass dieses in axialer Richtung der Spule (in Figur 1 mit B bezeichnet) eine größere Ausdehnung als der supraleitende Bandleiter 17 aufweist. Auf diese Weise wird die Strecke für einen möglichen elektrischen Überschlag von einer Spulenwindung zur nächsten, im Vergleich zu einem Halteelement 2, das in Richtung B die gleiche Breite wie der supraleitende Bandleiter 17 aufweist, deutlich verlängert.Further advantageous is the configuration of the holding element 2 such that this in the axial direction of the coil (in Figure 1 with B) a greater extent than that superconducting band conductor 17 has. In this way, the distance for a possible electrical flashover from one coil turn to the next, as compared to a holding element 2, which has the same width in the direction B as the superconducting band conductor 17, significantly extended.
Auf diese Weise sinkt die Gefahr für unerwünschte elektrische Überschläge zwischen den Windungen der Spule.In this way, the risk of unwanted electrical flashovers between the turns of the coil decreases.
Eine exakte Positionierung der Aussparungen 16 in der Rich- tung B sorgt für eine exakte Positionierung des BandleitersPrecise positioning of the recesses 16 in the direction B ensures exact positioning of the strip conductor
17 in diese Richtung. Eine solche Positionierung des Bandleiters 17 erlaubt wiederum eine Minimierung der Induktivität der Spule. Wird die Spule als bifilare Spule ausgeführt, so ermöglicht eine solche exakte Positionierung eine verbesserte Kompensation der magnetischen Induktivitäten zwischen den beiden Teilen der bifilaren Wicklung. Die Lorentzkräfte zwischen benachbarten Windungen können auf diese Weise, als Folge einer exakten Positionierbarkeit in der Richtung B, minimiert werden.17 in this direction. Such positioning of the strip conductor 17 in turn allows minimization of the inductance of the coil. If the coil is designed as a bifilar coil, such an exact positioning enables an improved compensation of the magnetic inductances between the two parts of the bifilar winding. The Lorentz forces between adjacent turns can thus be minimized as a result of exact positioning in the direction B.
Figur 2 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch das in Figur 1 gezeig¬ te Halteelement 2. Gemäß diesem Ausführungsbeispiel befindet sich der bandförmige Supraleiter 17, gehalten durch das gewellte Band 12, in einem im Wesentlichen konstanten Abstand 22 zum Flachband 11. Das gewellte Band 12 ist über Verbin¬ dungselemente 21 mit dem Flachband 11 verbunden. Vorteilhaft können die Verbindungselemente 21 als Stege, Schweißpunkte, Klebepunkte oder ähnliches ausgeführt sein.Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section through the in figure 1 gezeig ¬ th holding element 2. According to this embodiment is of the band-shaped superconductor 17, supported by the corrugated strip 12, at a substantially constant distance 22 to the ribbon 11. The corrugated strip 12 is about Verbin ¬ tion elements 21 connected to the ribbon 11. Advantageously, the connecting elements 21 can be embodied as webs, spot welds, adhesive dots or the like.
Figur 3 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch das Halteelement 2 ge¬ mäß der in Figur 1 gezeigten bevorzugten Ausführungsform. Dargestellt sind sowohl das Flachband 11 wie auch das gewell¬ te Band 12, welches eine Aussparung 16 aufweist. Das Flach¬ band 11 und das gewellte Band 12 sind über die Verbindungs- elemente 21 miteinander verbunden. Die Ausführungsform derFigure 3 shows a cross section through the retaining element 2 ge ¬ Mäss the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1 Shown are both the flat band 11 as well as the gewell ¬ te band 12, which has a recess 16. The flat ¬ ribbon 11 and the corrugated strip 12 are elements on the connection 21 connected to each other. The embodiment of the
Verbindungselemente 21 ist hierbei nicht auf eine punktuelle Verbindung von Flachband 11 und gewellten Band 12 beschränkt; auch eine teilweise flächige Verbindung zwischen den Elementen 11 und 12 ist vorteilhaft realisierbar.Connecting elements 21 is not limited to a punctual connection of ribbon 11 and corrugated tape 12; Also, a partially planar connection between the elements 11 and 12 is advantageously feasible.
Figur 4 zeigt ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Halteelementes 41 einer supraleitenden Strombegrenzereinrichtung, dargestellt in einem Längsschnitt. Das gewellte Band 42 ist gemäß diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sinusförmig aus¬ gestaltet und weist in den dem Flachband 11 entfernten Teil¬ bereichen 43 Aussparungen zur Aufnahme des supraleitenden Bandleiters 17 auf.FIG. 4 shows a further preferred exemplary embodiment of a retaining element 41 of a superconductive current limiter device, shown in a longitudinal section. The corrugated band 42 is according to this embodiment sinusoidally from ¬ designed and has 43 recesses for receiving the superconducting tape guide 17 in the flat belt 11 removed portion ¬ areas.
Gemäß einem weiteren in Figur 5 dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel eines Halteelementes 51 kann das gewellte Band 52 sägezahnförmig, insbesondere in der Form einer perio- dischen Dreiecksstruktur ausgebildet sein. Gemäß diesem Ausführungsbeispiel verfügt das gewellte Band 52 in den dem Flachband 11 entfernten Bereichen 53 Aussparungen zur Aufnahme des supraleitenden Bandleiters 17 auf.According to a further preferred embodiment of a holding element 51 shown in FIG. 5, the corrugated strip 52 can be designed in the form of a sawtooth, in particular in the form of a periodic triangular structure. According to this embodiment, the corrugated band 52 has recesses for receiving the superconducting band conductor 17 in the regions 53 remote from the flat band 11.
Ebenfalls vorteilhaft realisierbar sind weitere geometrische Ausgestaltungsformen des gewellten Bandes 12, 42, 52 welche nicht explizit in den vorgenannten Figuren dargestellt sind, sich aber z.B. aus einer Kombination der dargestellten Formen ergeben .Other geometric embodiments of the corrugated strip 12, 42, 52 which are not explicitly shown in the aforementioned figures, but can also be realized, for example, in advantageous manner. resulting from a combination of the illustrated forms.
Figur 6 zeigt den bifilaren Aufbau einer Scheibenspule 61 ge¬ mäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der supraleitenden Strombegrenzereinrichtung. Dargestellt sind der bifilar gewickelte supraleitende Bandleiter 17 sowie ein zwischen den Windungen angeordnetes Halteelement 2. Diese Halteelement 2 kann entsprechend einer der zuvor erwähnten Figuren ausgestaltet sein.6 shows the structure of a bifilar pancake coil 61 ge ¬ Mäss a preferred embodiment of the superconducting current limiter device. Depicted are the bifilar wound superconducting band conductor 17 and a holding element 2 arranged between the windings. This holding element 2 can be configured in accordance with one of the previously mentioned figures.
Gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel kann der supra- leitende Bandleiter 17 mit der supraleitenden Schicht zurAccording to a preferred embodiment, the superconducting band conductor 17 with the superconducting layer for
Spuleninnenseite gewickelt sein, da z.B. oxidische Hochtempe¬ ratur-Supraleiterschichten stärker auf Druck als auf Zug be- lastbar sind. Der supraleitende Bandleiter 17 kann ferner wie folgt aufgebaut sein.Coils inside his wound, as for example oxide high temperature superconductor layers Tempe ¬ loading more pressure than on train are loadable. The superconducting band conductor 17 may further be constructed as follows.
Auf einem metallischen Substratband kann zunächst eine so ge- nannte Pufferschicht aufgebracht sein, auf welcher die eigentlich supraleitende oxidische Hochtemperatur-Supralei¬ terschicht (z.B. YBCO) aufgebracht ist. Der Aufbau solcher für supraleitende Strombegrenzereinrichtungen geeigneten Bandleiter ist z.B. in DE 10 2004 048 646 Al vorgeschlagen. Der gesamte mechanische Aufbau der Windungen der Spule muss hinreichend mechanisch stabil sein, d.h. er muss bei der Montage handhabbar sein und muss die beim Sieden des Kühlmittels auftretenden Kräfte ohne weiteres aufnehmen können. Einfluss auf die bei einem Sieden des Kühlmittels auftretenden Kräfte hat der von der Dimensionierung des Halteelementes 62 abhängige Abstand 63 der Leiterwicklungen 17 (vgl. Figur 6) . In Bezug auf das in Figur 2 dargestellte Halteelement 2 wird dieser Abstand insbesondere durch den Abstand 22 des supra¬ leitenden Bandleiters 17 zu dem Flachband 11, sowie der Ge- samthöhe 23 des Halteelementes vorgegeben. On a metallic substrate tape a so-called buffer layer can be applied first on which the actually superconducting oxide high-temperature Supralei ¬ terschicht (eg YBCO) is applied. The construction of such band conductors suitable for superconducting current limiter devices is proposed, for example, in DE 10 2004 048 646 A1. The entire mechanical structure of the turns of the coil must be sufficiently mechanically stable, ie it must be manageable during assembly and must be able to absorb the forces occurring during boiling of the coolant readily. Influence on the forces which occur during boiling of the coolant is dependent on the dimensioning of the holding element 62 distance 63 of the conductor windings 17 (compare FIG. With regard to the holding element 2 shown in Figure 2, this distance is in particular given by the distance 22 of the supra ¬ conductive strip conductor 17 to the flat strip 11, and the total height 23 of the holding element.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Supraleitende Strombegrenzereinrichtung vom resistiven Typ mit mindestens einer Spule, deren Leiterbahn mit mindestens einem bandförmigen Supraleiter (17) gebildet ist, wobei zwischen benachbarten Spulenwindungen ein Halteelement (2, 41, 51, 62) angeordnet ist, welches in axialer Richtung der Spule breiter als der Supraleiter (17) ausgebildet ist und welches aus einem Flachband (11) und einem gewellten Band (12, 42, 52) besteht, wobei1. A superconductive current limiter device of the resistive type having at least one coil, the conductor track with at least one band-shaped superconductor (17) is formed, wherein between adjacent coil turns, a holding element (2, 41, 51, 62) is arranged, which in the axial direction of the coil wider as the superconductor (17) is formed and which consists of a flat band (11) and a corrugated band (12, 42, 52), wherein
a. sich das Flachband (11) parallel zu dem bandförmigen Sup¬ raleiter (17) unter im wesentlichen konstantem Abstand erstreckt, und b. das gewellte Band (12, 42, 52) sich im Wesentlichen parallel zu dem Flachband (11) erstreckt, wobei das gewellte Band (12, 42, 52) in seiner Längsrichtung periodisch von dem Flachband entfernte (15, 43, 53) und dem Flachband na¬ he (13) Bereiche aufweist, wobei bl . die dem Flachband nahen Bereiche (13) des gewellten Bandes (12, 42, 52) eine mechanische Verbindung (21) mit dem Flachband (11) aufweisen, und b2. die dem Flachband fernen Bereiche (15, 43, 53) des gewellten Bandes solche Aussparungen (16) aufweisen, dass eine zumindest näherungsweise passgenaue, gegenüber dema. the flat strip (11) extends parallel to the band-shaped Sup ¬ raleiter (17) under substantially constant distance, and b. the corrugated strip (12, 42, 52) extends substantially parallel to the flat strip (11), the corrugated strip (12, 42, 52) being periodically removed from the flat strip in its longitudinal direction (15, 43, 53) and Flatband na ¬ hehe (13) has areas, bl. the regions (13) of the corrugated strip (12, 42, 52) which are near the flat strip have a mechanical connection (21) to the flat strip (11), and b2. the flat band remote areas (15, 43, 53) of the corrugated strip such recesses (16) that at least approximately accurately fitting, compared to the
Flachband (11) beabstandete Aufnahme des bandförmigen Sup¬ raleiters (17) ermöglicht ist.Flat band (11) spaced recording of the band-shaped Sup ¬ raleiters (17) is possible.
2. Supraleitende Strombegrenzereinrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Spule (61) eine bifilare2. Superconducting current limiter device according to claim 1, characterized in that for the coil (61) has a bifilar
Wicklung des Supraleiters (17) vorgesehen ist.Winding of the superconductor (17) is provided.
3. Supraleitende Strombegrenzereinrichtung gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Ma- terial für das Flachband (11) und/oder das gewellte Band (12, 42, 52) ein elektrischer Isolator vorgesehen ist. 3. Superconducting current limiter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as material for the flat strip (11) and / or the corrugated strip (12, 42, 52), an electrical insulator is provided.
4. Supraleitende Strombegrenzereinrichtung gemäß Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektrische Isolator ein Kunststoff ist.4. Superconducting current limiter device according to claim 3, characterized in that the electrical insulator is a plastic.
5. Supraleitende Strombegrenzereinrichtung gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das ge¬ wellte Band (12, 42, 52) im Wesentlichen trapezförmig, säge- zahnförmig oder sinusförmig ausgebildet ist.5. Superconducting current limiter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ge ¬ corrugated band (12, 42, 52) is substantially trapezoidal, saw-formed tooth-shaped or sinusoidal.
6. Supraleitende Strombegrenzereinrichtung gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als sup¬ raleitendes Material des bandförmigen Supraleiters (17) ein HTS-Material oder ein LTS-Material vorgesehen ist.6. Superconducting current limiter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a HTS material or an LTS material is provided as sup ¬ raleitendes material of the band-shaped superconductor (17).
7. Supraleitende Strombegrenzereinrichtung gemäß Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bandförmige Supraleiter (17) durch eine auf eine Puffer oder Zwischenschicht, welche selbst auf ein normalleitendes metallisches Substratband auf¬ gebracht ist, aufgebrachte Schicht von oxidischem Supralei- termaterial vom Typ AB2Cu3Ox gebildet ist, wobei A mindestens ein seltenes Erdmetall einschließlich Yttrium und B mindes¬ tens ein Erdalkalimetall ist .7. Superconducting current limiter device according to claim 6, characterized in that the band-shaped superconductor (17) by a on a buffer or intermediate layer, which is even on a normal conducting metal substrate tape ¬ brought, applied layer of oxide superconductor material type AB 2 Cu 3 O x is formed, wherein a is at least one rare earth metal including yttrium and B is an alkaline earth ¬ least Minim.
8. Supraleitende Strombegrenzereinrichtung gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der8. Superconducting current limiter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the
Spule (61) der bandförmige Supraleiter (17) mit seiner Sub¬ stratseite nach außen angeordnet ist.Coil (61) of the band-shaped superconductor (17) is arranged with its sub ¬ stratseite outward.
9. Supraleitende Strombegrenzereinrichtung gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bandförmige Supraleiter (17) und das Halteelement (2, 41, 51, 62) mittels eines Kunstharzes unter Freihaltung von Kühlmit¬ telwegen miteinander verklebt sind.9. Superconducting current limiter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the band-shaped superconductor (17) and the holding element (2, 41, 51, 62) are glued together by means of a synthetic resin while keeping Kühlmit ¬ telwegen.
10. Supraleitende Strombegrenzereinrichtung gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hal¬ teelement (2, 41, 51, 62) derart ausgestaltet ist, dass der gegenseitige Abstand (63) zwischen den Spulenwindungen mindestens 1 mm beträgt. 10. Superconducting current limiter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Hal ¬ teelement (2, 41, 51, 62) is designed such that the mutual distance (63) between the coil turns is at least 1 mm.
EP07730294A 2006-07-17 2007-06-21 Superconducting current-limiting device of the resistive type with holding element Not-in-force EP2041808B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102006032973A DE102006032973B3 (en) 2006-07-17 2006-07-17 Superconductive current limiter device of resistive type with holding element
PCT/EP2007/056217 WO2008009537A1 (en) 2006-07-17 2007-06-21 Superconducting current-limiting device of the resistive type with holding element

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EP2041808B1 EP2041808B1 (en) 2010-03-31

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US10614941B2 (en) * 2014-09-19 2020-04-07 Hitachi, Ltd. Persistent current switch and superconducting coil
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DE102016213753A1 (en) 2016-07-27 2018-02-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Wound ladder arrangement with spacer element
CN108597722B (en) * 2018-03-07 2019-06-07 北京交通大学 A kind of high-temperature superconductor noninductive coil turn-to-turn interlayer
RU2723142C1 (en) * 2019-12-25 2020-06-09 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "Национальный исследовательский центр "Курчатовский институт" Method for soldering of htsc tapes and device for its implementation
CN112688287A (en) * 2021-01-19 2021-04-20 中天集团上海超导技术有限公司 Current limiting unit of involute type superconducting fault current limiter

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US20090264294A1 (en) 2009-10-22
EP2041808B1 (en) 2010-03-31
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DE102006032973B3 (en) 2008-02-14
ATE463049T1 (en) 2010-04-15

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