EP2038640A1 - Capteur a base de fibre optique microstructuree et a reseau de bragg - Google Patents
Capteur a base de fibre optique microstructuree et a reseau de braggInfo
- Publication number
- EP2038640A1 EP2038640A1 EP07765393A EP07765393A EP2038640A1 EP 2038640 A1 EP2038640 A1 EP 2038640A1 EP 07765393 A EP07765393 A EP 07765393A EP 07765393 A EP07765393 A EP 07765393A EP 2038640 A1 EP2038640 A1 EP 2038640A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- core
- channels
- sensor
- bragg grating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
- G01N21/45—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N2021/0346—Capillary cells; Microcells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N21/0303—Optical path conditioning in cuvettes, e.g. windows; adapted optical elements or systems; path modifying or adjustment
Definitions
- the invention relates to optical fibers and optical fiber sensors.
- Fiber optic and network sensors Fiber Bra ⁇ Gratinas, or FBG
- a first solution consists in associating a conventional optical fiber of circular section whose cladding has been attacked with hydrofluoric acid, with a Bragg grating with straight lines inscribed in the core of this fiber.
- the medium of which a parameter is to be measured coats the zone "attacked" by the acid.
- the fiber obtained according to this first solution has great fragility since the diameter of the fiber is extremely small. This fragility proves particularly detrimental for certain uses of the fiber, and therefore limits the possible applications of such a fiber.
- a fiber sensor is for example described in the document "High resolution refractive index sensor by using thinned Fiber Bragg Grating," Proceedings of SPIE 5502, pp. 251-254 (2004) (A. Iadicicco, A. Cusano, A. Cutolo and M. Giordano).
- a second solution is based on a D-shaped fiber section profile. The fiber cladding can be chemically etched, even polished or mechanically etched, while a straight-drawn Bragg grating is inscribed in the core of the fiber. ci (K.
- the D-shaped profile exhibits better sensitivity to the refractive index of the medium surrounding the grating than in the case of a straight-line Bragg grating inscribed in a conventional fiber.
- chemical attack or machining weakens the fiber and therefore induces the aforementioned drawbacks.
- D-fibers to a robust transducer (mechanically weakened fiber) and only allow for seconds (networks in angles or long pitch) that a multiplexing reduced to a very small number of sensors on the same fiber.
- sensors combining microstructured fibers and Bragg gratings are already known, in particular in order to offer a high sensitivity to the refractive index of the medium to be analyzed (MC Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter- Marty, P.erson, P. Roy, JM Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. White, and B. Dussardier, "Inscription of Bragg grating transducers in microstructured fibers for refractometric applications").
- the microstructured fibers are generally made of silica, but can also be made of plastic.
- these fibers may be made, for example, of polymethyl methacrylate, also known as PMMA, of polystyrene, of fluoropolymer or of CYTOP, which is a transparent fluororesin with a non-crystalline structure and whose designation is protected by Mark.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- CYTOP fluoropolymer
- These fibers made of plastic can also be obtained by gel sol.
- microstructured fibers comprise a certain number of longitudinal channels within the optical cladding, these channels possibly being able to be filled with a solid, liquid or gaseous material, suitably chosen for transduction.
- These microstructured fibers also comprise a solid core, liquid or gas allowing the guidance of the light by total reflection or by Photonic Interdefined Bands, depending on the configuration. These fibers make it possible to define with flexibility, during their design, the optogeometric characteristics of the optical guide and its sheath and to define fibers dedicated to specific optical functions (telecommunications, metrology, etc.).
- microstructured fibers conventionally developed, for the needs of telecom for example, do not make it possible to obtain the high sensitivity sought in applications such as measurements of refractive index, absorption, fluorescence, etc.
- the profile of these fibers does not allow sufficient interaction between the mode of the guided optical wave propagating in the heart and the product to be analyzed.
- An object of the invention is to propose a Bragg grating sensor having improved sensitivity, for the detection and measurement of any physico-chemical parameter having an influence on the effective index of the propagation mode of an electromagnetic wave, such as refractive index, density, concentration, luminescence, fluorescence, phosphorescence, decay time of fluorescence etc.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a microstructured Bragg grating fiber offering a great flexibility of use and in particular (but not limitation) to obtain a high sensitivity to the refractive index of the product to be analyzed.
- the invention relates to a Bragg grating fiber sensor comprising a source and a detection system operating at a given study wavelength, as well as a Bragg grating fiber connected to said source and said system.
- said fiber being a microstructured optical fiber whose sheath comprises channels adjacent to the core of the fiber, able to receive an analyte, characterized in that the number of channels adjacent to the core is between 2 and 5, and in that that the diameter of the heart of the fiber is adapted so that a Electromagnetic field of a fiber-guided wave is not confined in the core of the fiber, the electromagnetic field extending into the channels.
- the interaction between the evanescent field of the guided wave and the product to be analyzed is increased.
- the sensitivity of the sensor is improved.
- - core diameter is between 0.5 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m, - the core diameter is between 3 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m for a study wavelength of the order of 1.55 ⁇ m,
- At least one Bragg grating is inscribed in the core of the fiber
- the Bragg grating is at a pitch of less than 10 ⁇ m, the channels are separated from each other by radial bridges whose thickness is between 0.01 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m,
- the fiber comprises exactly three channels adjacent to the core, the fiber is made of silica or plastic, the plastic being made in particular from PMMA, polystyrene, a fluoropolymer or CYTOP,
- the core of the fiber is made of pure silica, or doped, or of plastic material, the plastic being made in particular from PMMA, polystyrene, a fluoropolymer or
- the senor also comprises a system for introducing and / or extracting the product to be analyzed in at least one of the channels.
- the sensor is arranged to collect the waves reflected or transmitted by the Bragg grating.
- the invention also relates to a microstructured fiber Bragg grating that comprises a sensor according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to a method for determining the structure of such a fiber according to which the diameter of the core of the fiber is determined by fixing a given level of confinement and a given core diameter, in that determines by modeling the sensitivity of the fiber having a core of the given diameter to the refractive index of an analyte, and in that it changes this given core diameter iteratively according to the sensitivity determined.
- the invention proposes the use of the sensor according to any one of the preceding characteristics for the measurement of a physico-chemical parameter having an influence on the effective index of the propagation mode, for example the refractive index, the absorption coefficient, the density, the concentration, the luminescence, the fluorescence, the phosphorescence, the decay time of the fluorescence.
- a physico-chemical parameter having an influence on the effective index of the propagation mode, for example the refractive index, the absorption coefficient, the density, the concentration, the luminescence, the fluorescence, the phosphorescence, the decay time of the fluorescence.
- Figure la is a radial section of the fiber according to one embodiment.
- Figure 1b is an axial section of the fiber according to Figure 1.
- Figures 2a to 2d are radial sections of fibers according to other embodiments.
- Figure 3a is a diagram of a sensor according to one embodiment.
- Figures 3b and 4a to 4c are sensor diagrams according to other embodiments.
- This fiber 1 consists of a core 2, surrounded by a sheath 5.
- the sheath 5 has a plurality of parallel longitudinal channels 3.
- channels 3 are adjacent to the core 2 and arranged to form a ring.
- each channel 3 is delimited radially by the periphery 4 of the sheath 5 outward, and through the heart 2 inward.
- Each channel 3 is also delimited tangentially by the radial bridges 7.
- the core 2 may be made of pure silica, by omission of channel 3 in the central zone (central defect) of the silica matrix.
- the core 2 can also be doped with germanium, for example. This doping makes it possible to modify the transmission characteristics in the core 2, while conferring on the core a photosensitive character allowing the photo-inscription of Bragg gratings.
- the sheath 5 and the radial bridges 7 are optionally doped silica, and the channels 3 are filled with air or with a medium of refractive index lower than that of the core (2).
- the microstructured fiber could be made of plastic, and in particular from polymethyl methacrylate also known as PMMA, polystyrene, a fluoropolymer, or even CYTOP.
- the diameter of the peripheral sheath 4 is, for example between 50 microns and 500 microns, and that of heart 2 between 1 micron and 20 microns.
- a Bragg grating inscribed in the core of a fiber constitutes a network having several tens or even thousands of periods or "steps" modifying the refractive index of the fiber. heart of the optical fiber.
- This type of network behaves like a filter for a spectral band centered on a characteristic wavelength ⁇ B called Bragg. This wavelength depends on the pitch ⁇ of the grating, and on the refractive index that "sees" the propagation mode called effective index rieff of the guided mode.
- any modification of the effective index n e ff or of the pitch ⁇ of the network causes a proportional variation of the wavelength ⁇ B.
- This Bragg grating 6 has a short pitch, the pitch typically being between 0.1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m.
- the Bragg grating 6 may be inscribed using a continuous laser (for example at 244 nm), in particular if the core is in silica doped with germanium, for example.
- the Bragg grating 6 can also be inscribed using a laser operating in pulsed mode (as at 193 nm), if the core is for example pure silica or plastic type. Behavior in operation, constraints that influence performance, benefits provided by this fiber.
- the incident light propagates in the core 2 of the fiber 1 surrounded by channels 3.
- the refractive index of the core 2 of the fiber is necessarily greater than that of the air.
- the effective index of the guided mode then has an initial value, between the value of the refractive index of the sheath 5 and the value of the refractive index of the core 2.
- this grating 6 extracts a thin spectral band centered around the characteristic wavelength ⁇ B.
- an analyte is introduced into at least one of the channels 3, for example in the form of a liquid or a gas.
- This product introduction can be obtained by immersing one end of the fiber, or can be performed by means of an injection device and withdrawal or extraction of the product inside the channels.
- the refractive index of the product which is greater than the refractive index of the air, tends to substantially increase the average refractive index of the sheath 5.
- the difference between the refractive indices of the sheath 5 and the core 2 is therefore reduced.
- the light propagating in the fiber 1 is no longer exclusively guided by total reflection and the number of guided modes decreases.
- the refractive index of the guided mode always between the refractive indices of the sheath 5 and the core 2, increases.
- the variation of the refractive index of the guided mode in turn causes, in accordance with equation (1), a variation of the characteristic wavelength of the grating 6.
- the refractive index of the guided mode increasing, the length Bragg's characteristic wavelength shifts to long wavelengths.
- the amplitude of the spectral shift is related to the variation of the refractive index of the guided mode and therefore to the refractive index of the inserted product.
- the monitoring of the refractive index of the product introduced makes it possible, in fine, to detect or measure any physico-chemical parameter having an influence on the effective index of the propagation mode, such as, for example, the refractive index, the concentration , density etc.
- the fiber according to the embodiment presented makes it possible to considerably improve the sensitivity of the detection of this physicochemical parameter by offering a particularly optimized fiber profile.
- This improved sensitivity is achieved through a fiber profile to increase the interaction between the product inserted in the channels 3 and the guided mode.
- the penetration of the electromagnetic field in the sheath 5 and the channels 3 depends closely on the wavelength. At short wavelengths, the light remains confined in the core 2 of the fiber 1 and penetrates little into the channels 3 of the fiber, whereas at longer wavelengths, the light extends deeper into the fibers. channels 3.
- the profile is determined so as to obtain large channels 3 which are brought closer to the heart 2.
- the overlap between the evanescent field and the product to be analyzed is then extended, and the interaction between the fundamental mode and the inserted product is increased.
- Increasing the size of the channels 3 makes it possible to easily introduce the product to be analyzed and to obtain a sheath 5 whose average refractive index is strongly influenced by the refractive index of the product filling the channels 3.
- the ideal would be to have a microstructured fiber consisting of an air ring surrounding the core 2. Such a fiber 1 is shown in FIG. 2a.
- the presence of radial bridges 7 is however essential for the physical strength of the fiber 1.
- the fiber 1 according to this embodiment therefore has a ratio of the silica area constituting the sheath 5 to the area of the channels 3 also as small as possible, the thickness of the radial bridges 7 being reduced to the technically feasible minimum in order to ensure only a function of physical retention of the core 2.
- the thickness of the bridges 7 of silica, according to a radial section of the fiber is typically between 0.01 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m.
- channels 3 also makes it possible to bring the product to the Bragg grating 6, and does not require the network 6 to be dipped into the product to be analyzed. This feature provides many advantages in terms of simplicity and flexibility of use.
- the diameter of the core must also be minimized to increase the coverage between the evanescent field and the medium to be analyzed and so that the fiber is single-mode or low multimode.
- the determination of the diameter of the core 2 results from a compromise between the confinement of the electromagnetic field and the intensity of the optical signal. Indeed, the reduction of the diameter of the core 2 is limited because it induces a loss of the optical signal. It is therefore necessary to maintain a dimension of the core diameter 2 sufficient to ensure the guiding of the light. A too small diameter of core 2 also has the consequence of making complex the inscription of the Bragg grating 6.
- a core diameter 2 is considered to be of the order of the study wavelength when it makes it possible to optimally respect the compromise between the guiding quality and the confinement of the electromagnetic field.
- the diameter of the core 2 is determined by setting a desired confinement level and then running finite element modeling software typically with a given core diameter. Based on the results obtained by modeling relating to the sensitivity of the resonance wavelength of the Bragg grating 6 to the refractive index of the product, the diameter of the core 2 of the fiber 1 is changed.
- the profile of the fiber 1 has a core 2 whose diameter is even smaller than the study wavelength is short.
- the fiber 1, whose profile is thus optimized as a function of the study wavelength, makes it possible to ensure a strong interaction between the evanescent field and the product to be analyzed, and consequently has a high sensitivity of the wavelength. resonance of the Bragg grating 6 at the refractive index of this product. In addition, this high sensitivity is obtained over a wide range of refractive indices, even for liquids with a refractive index close to that of water.
- the dimensions of such a fiber 1 are indicated, by way of non-limiting example, in the remainder of this description.
- the profile of the fiber 1 must be adapted to the wavelength studied as indicated above.
- the application that is made of the fiber 1 must also be taken into account in the design of the profile of this fiber.
- the constraints imposed by the particular uses of the fiber 1 vary from one application to another, and consequently influence the design of the profile of this fiber.
- the number and the thickness of the radial bridges 7 can be adapted according to the mechanical constraints imposed by a particular use of the fiber 1.
- radial bridges 7 in addition to the peripheral sheath 5 surrounding the core 2 ensures good maintenance of the entire structure of the fiber, thus providing it with great strength and many possibilities of use.
- the sensitivity of the detection of the proposed fiber is independent of the total diameter of the fiber, it can be increased to improve the mechanical characteristics of the fiber. This increase in the total diameter of the fiber, carried out while maintaining a profile in accordance with the teaching previously indicated, does not diminish the sensitivity of the detection of the refractive index of the product.
- the opto-geometric characteristics of the fiber such as the number of radial bridges 7, the thickness of these bridges 7, the dimension of the bridges 7, it is carried out according to the iterative method mentioned previously in connection with the determining the diameter of the core 2 of the fiber 1. This same iterative method also makes it possible to take fibering constraints into account in designing the profile of the fiber.
- many fiber profiles can be considered respecting the teaching presented above. Several of these profiles are shown in Figures 2a to 2d.
- FIG. 2a shows a fiber comprising a core surrounded by an air ring or a material of index inferior to that of the core 2.
- the fiber shown in FIG. 2b comprises a single radial bridge
- the fiber of FIG. 2c has two radial bridges arranged on the same diameter
- the fiber of FIG. 2d has five radial bridges.
- the fiber 1 associated with a signal analysis device from the Bragg grating 6, thus makes it possible to quantify or detect the variation of any physico-chemical parameter having an influence on the index. effective propagation mode such as refractive index, density, concentration, luminescence, fluorescence, phosphorescence, decay time of fluorescence etc.
- the fields of application of such a fiber 1 are therefore particularly varied and include in particular the analysis of products in the food industry, microbiology, the environment, biology, biochemistry, measurements in aqueous solution, the new techniques of biological analysis, immunoassay, etc.
- the fiber 1 comprises a core 2 doped with Germanium.
- the fiber 1 comprises three channels 3 surrounding the core 2.
- the channels 3 are adjacent to the core 2. These channels 3 are separated from each other by very thin radial bridges 7 extending from the periphery 4 of the silica sheath 5 to the heart 2 doped with Germanium.
- each channel 3 is delimited radially by the periphery 4 of the sheath 5 and by the core 2, as well as tangentially by the radial bridges 7.
- the channels have a substantially identical section in a radial section of the fiber.
- This fiber 1 complies with the principles of design of previously mentioned profiles in order to increase the interaction between the electromagnetic field and the medium inserted in the channels 3.
- the profile of the fiber 1 is defined so that the diameter of the core 2 is of the order of the study wavelength.
- the core diameter is between 3 microns and 5 microns.
- the proportions of the core 2 shown in the diagrams of Figures la and Ib voluntarily do not comply with the actual proportions.
- the area of each of the channels 3 is of the order of 1500 ⁇ m 2 .
- the thickness of the silica bridges 7 is defined so that the ratio of the silica area comprising the sheath 5 to the area of the channels 3 is reduced to the maximum while ensuring physical retention of the fiber.
- the thickness of these bridges 7 may be between 0.01 microns and 10 microns.
- the fiber 1 is then introduced into the hydrogenation tube and is sufficiently hydrogenated, for example for two weeks at 180 bar and at 25 ° C.
- a Bragg grating 6 for example short-pitch, whose pitch is of the order of 0.5 microns for a working wavelength of 1.5 microns.
- the photo-inscription of the Bragg grating 6 is carried out with a continuous laser (for example at 244 nm).
- the inscription of the Bragg 6 network is done using a registration bench used for the registration of networks in conventional fibers: either a Lloyd mirror bench or a mask bench. phase, or any optical system to create the required interference pattern.
- the networks 6 inscribed in this microstructured fiber 1 typically have a reflectivity of the order of 70%, but can equally well reach any reflection coefficient chosen during the photo-inscription.
- the profile of the fiber induces a birefringence that lifts the degeneracy of the modes.
- a doubling of the Bragg peak associated with the fundamental mode corresponding to the polarization states of the light appears.
- the addition of a polarization controller between the source and the microstructured fiber favors one of the polarizations and therefore one of the resonance lines.
- By modifying the state of polarization of the light of the source placing itself in the case where one of the polarizations is favored, only one of the resonances is observed on the spectral response in transmission and reflection of the Bragg grating.
- the polarization controller thus disposed makes it possible to follow the evolution of this resonance as a function of the refractive index of the product inserted into the channels of the fiber.
- This device makes it possible to follow the evolution of this resonance as a function of the refractive index of the medium inserted in the channels 3 of the fiber.
- the Bragg grating 6 is arranged in the fiber 1 so as to leave only 1 cm of microstructured fiber between this network 6 and the downstream end 21 of this fiber 1 (the downstream end 21 being determined with reference to the propagation of incident light). For example, by cleaving the end of the fiber, it opens all the channels, which allows to introduce a liquid by capillarity in each of these channels simultaneously. A cleavage is to create a small incipient break at the periphery of the fiber, and then bend it until it breaks. The break occurs at the location of the primer and a clean cut is obtained and perpendicular to the axis of the fiber.
- the fact that the Bragg grating is located near the end reduces the length of fiber that it is necessary to fill before reaching the network.
- the combination of a microstructured fiber with a Bragg grating 6 short pitch collects light reflected by the Bragg grating 6.
- the downstream end 21 of the fiber 1 is immersed in a product whose physical parameter is studied.
- the fiber 1 described in this embodiment has a high sensitivity of transduction during the measurements, and thus makes it possible to obtain particularly satisfactory results.
- the spectral shift of the Bragg resonance is several nm when one inserts in the three channels 3 of the fiber 1 a liquid of refractive index of the order of 1.3 (refractive index close to that of water).
- the spectral shift is only 0.1 nm for a fiber having six channels and which has not been optimized according to the previously mentioned principles (MC Phan Huy et al. al., "Fiber
- the sensitivity of this fiber 1 thus represents an improvement of more than an order of magnitude and more than two orders of magnitude with respect to the sensitivities obtained with an 18-hole fiber and a 6-hole fiber, respectively.
- the sensitivity obtained with a fiber 1 having a profile according to this example is of the order of 10 "5 uir / pm (unit of refractive index by picometer) while this sensitivity is of the order of 10 " 4 uir / pm and 10 "3 uir / pm for an 18-hole fiber and a 6-hole fiber respectively.
- the profile of the fiber 1, produced according to this exemplary embodiment thus allows a remarkable sensitivity of the resonance wavelength of the Bragg grating 6 to the value of the refractive index of the product present in the channels 3 of the fiber. .
- FIGS. 3a and 3b show a sensor 100 comprising a fiber 1 of the type of those described above.
- the sensor 100 can be declined according to several embodiments. These various embodiments can be classified into two categories, depending on whether the Bragg grating 6 inscribed in the core 2 of the fiber 1 operates in reflection or in transmission.
- the sensors 100 operating in reflection comprise a source 105 of light, a detection system 101, a coupler 102, conventional fibers forming connecting arms 110, 112, 113, a microstructured fiber 1 Bragg grating, a system of FIG. alignment 103 of an end 111 of the connecting arm 113 to the microstructured fiber 1. Two examples of these sensors 100 are shown in Figure 3a and 3b.
- the source 105 emits light which reaches a coupler 102 via a first arm 110.
- Half of the beam is guided to the microstructured Bragg grating fiber by a second arm 113 of the coupler.
- a third arm 112 of the coupler 102 is connected to the detection system 101 which makes it possible to acquire the data and to follow in real time the spectral shift of the guided mode Bragg wavelength with the progression of the liquid in the channels 3 fiber.
- the microstructured fiber 1 is connected to the end 111 of the connecting arm 113 of the optical fiber coming from the coupler 102 by a system 103 for aligning these two fibers and for optimizing the level of the output signal. Another possibility is to weld these two fibers together.
- the free end of the microstructured fiber 1 is in turn immersed in the product to be analyzed.
- the Bragg grating 6 inscribed in the core 2 of the fiber 1 is at short pitch. This particular type of Bragg grating 6 has the advantage of offering the possibility of operating in reflection. So the network
- This network layout 6 offers considerable benefits, including a great deal of flexibility in use.
- such a sensor 100 has a simple configuration, which is particularly advantageous for certain applications.
- Another advantage also lies in the possibility of multiplexing several sensors with a number of ad hoc networks, and this more densely than with inclined lines networks.
- straight-line networks have a spectrum width (typically 0.2 nm) about a hundred times less than the spectrum width of slanted gratings.
- a spectrum width typically 0.2 nm
- the sensor 100 shown in FIG. 3b operates according to the same general principle as the sensor 100 of FIG. 3a.
- this sensor 100 comprises, at the end of the microstructured fiber 1, a system
- the sensors 100 of the second category operate in transmission.
- the source 105 is connected to one end of a fiber 1 according to one of the embodiments indicated above.
- the other end of this fiber 1 is connected to the detection system 101.
- Means 301, 302 allow the flow of the product to be analyzed in the channels 3 of the fiber.
- the circulation of the product to be analyzed in the channels 3 can be carried out in both directions.
- the optical source 105 is directly connected to one end of the fiber 1.
- a system 300 allowing insertion and / or extraction of the product by the end of one or more channels (3) of fiber 1, and recovering and analyzing the optical signal at the output of the core (2) of the fiber 1.
- the Bragg grating microstructured fibers which have just been described have an optimized fiber profile allowing a significant improvement in the measurement of the refractive index of an environment to be analyzed.
- the optimized profile of these fibers increases the interaction between the guided mode and the medium inserted into the channels and therefore allows to offer a high sensitivity of the wavelength of the Bragg resonance to the refractive index of the medium. to analyze. This also results in a high sensitivity to changes in the optical parameters and in particular to the refractive index as a function of the resonance wavelength over a wide range of refractive indices.
- the sensitivity of the detection of this type of fiber is not dependent on the total fiber diameter, it can be increased to improve certain characteristics of the fiber, including mechanical, without decreasing the detection performance.
- the fibers which have just been described make it possible to detect and measure any physicochemical parameter having an influence on the effective index of the propagation mode, such as, for example, the refractive index, the absorption coefficient, density, concentration, luminescence, fluorescence, phosphorescence, decay time of fluorescence etc.
- the arrangement of the sensor which makes it possible to operate in reflection, also offers flexibility and simplicity of implementation, which also contributes to increasing the scope of the possible application domains. Of course, multiplexing of several measurement points are possible on the same fiber.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0605239A FR2902190B1 (fr) | 2006-06-13 | 2006-06-13 | Capteur a base de fibre optique microstructuree et a reseau de bragg |
PCT/EP2007/055823 WO2007144373A1 (fr) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-13 | Capteur a base de fibre optique microstructuree et a reseau de bragg |
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EP2038640A1 true EP2038640A1 (fr) | 2009-03-25 |
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EP07765393A Withdrawn EP2038640A1 (fr) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-13 | Capteur a base de fibre optique microstructuree et a reseau de bragg |
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US (1) | US20100290062A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2038640A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2007260029A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2655240A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2902190B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2007144373A1 (fr) |
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GB0915492D0 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2009-10-07 | Univ Aston | Sensor |
CN101929955B (zh) * | 2010-05-31 | 2012-07-18 | 华南师范大学 | 光纤布拉格光栅折射率传感器 |
DE102011086029B4 (de) * | 2011-11-09 | 2015-04-23 | BIAS - Bremer Institut für angewandte Strahltechnik GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faser-Gitters |
US11029219B2 (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2021-06-08 | The University Of Adelaide | Fiber bragg grating temperature sensor |
CN113418893B (zh) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-10-04 | 山西恒光微电子集成科技有限公司 | 一种基于亚波长光栅的超灵敏折射率光生物传感器 |
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US6211964B1 (en) * | 1997-10-09 | 2001-04-03 | Geosensor Corporation | Method and structure for incorporating fiber optic acoustic sensors in a seismic array |
US6782148B2 (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2004-08-24 | Fitel Usa Corp. | Modifying birefringence in optical fibers |
US7403689B2 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2008-07-22 | Corning Incorporated | Active photonic band-gap optical fiber |
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2006
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2007
- 2007-06-13 AU AU2007260029A patent/AU2007260029A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-06-13 CA CA002655240A patent/CA2655240A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2007-06-13 EP EP07765393A patent/EP2038640A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-06-13 US US12/308,297 patent/US20100290062A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-06-13 WO PCT/EP2007/055823 patent/WO2007144373A1/fr active Application Filing
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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TWI636831B (zh) * | 2014-03-10 | 2018-10-01 | 瑞典商富世華股份有限公司 | 具有符合人體工學之制止按鈕的灑水裝置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2902190B1 (fr) | 2008-12-05 |
AU2007260029A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 |
US20100290062A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
FR2902190A1 (fr) | 2007-12-14 |
WO2007144373A1 (fr) | 2007-12-21 |
CA2655240A1 (fr) | 2007-12-21 |
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