EP2021975A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bestimmen eines freiraums vor einem fahrzeug - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bestimmen eines freiraums vor einem fahrzeugInfo
- Publication number
- EP2021975A1 EP2021975A1 EP07722345A EP07722345A EP2021975A1 EP 2021975 A1 EP2021975 A1 EP 2021975A1 EP 07722345 A EP07722345 A EP 07722345A EP 07722345 A EP07722345 A EP 07722345A EP 2021975 A1 EP2021975 A1 EP 2021975A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- image
- vehicle
- edges
- movement
- pattern recognition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
- G06T7/13—Edge detection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/20—Analysis of motion
- G06T7/215—Motion-based segmentation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/20—Analysis of motion
- G06T7/254—Analysis of motion involving subtraction of images
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
- G06V20/50—Context or environment of the image
- G06V20/56—Context or environment of the image exterior to a vehicle by using sensors mounted on the vehicle
- G06V20/58—Recognition of moving objects or obstacles, e.g. vehicles or pedestrians; Recognition of traffic objects, e.g. traffic signs, traffic lights or roads
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10016—Video; Image sequence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
- G06T2207/20068—Projection on vertical or horizontal image axis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30248—Vehicle exterior or interior
- G06T2207/30252—Vehicle exterior; Vicinity of vehicle
- G06T2207/30261—Obstacle
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for determining a free space in front of a vehicle according to claim 1 and a method for determining a free space in front of a vehicle according to claim 15.
- radar or lidar systems Due to their installation location in the front of the vehicle, in particular in the radiator grille or headlight, however, radar or lidar systems, for example, have only limited ability to monitor a space directly in front of the vehicle. It is therefore preferable to have a sensor system mounted behind a windshield, for example a camera system that can detect a much wider space in front of the vehicle.
- a sensor system mounted behind a windshield, for example a camera system that can detect a much wider space in front of the vehicle.
- stereobased camera systems are known which allow three-dimensional detection of obstacles.
- the expense of such stereo cameras is costly and requires a relatively large amount of space in the windshield in the vehicle, as two cameras must be placed in this area.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a device and a method for determining a free space in front of a vehicle which have improved properties over the prior art.
- An essential idea of the invention is that with a single imaging sensor, an image is taken in front of the vehicle and the edges are analyzed therein, which are contained for example by boundary lines of shadows or lane markings in the image (image edges).
- image edges which give an indication of obstacles in front of the vehicle
- the free space in front of the vehicle can then be regarded as the space which, starting from a lower edge of the image, corresponds to a picture edge-free area.
- the area in front of the vehicle is regarded as a free space in which no image edge-causing objects are contained.
- two images of a region to be monitored can be successively recorded in front of the vehicle, these two images compared with one another, and the different elements in these two images can be imaged by movement edges in a differential image. Following this, a pattern recognition on this
- Movement edges are applied to determine whether moving objects in a monitored area in front of the vehicle. If only a few movement edges are detected, it can be assumed that no object is located in front of the vehicle, since, as a result of the entry of this object into the area in front of the vehicle, a movement edge for this object would arise in the difference image in a period between the two images. Furthermore, since only one imaging sensor is used by the inventive approach, a more cost-effective implementation than, for example, a stereo camera system is possible. In addition, a smaller space is sufficient for arranging such a sensor in the vehicle.
- the present invention relates in one embodiment to an apparatus for determining a clearance in front of a vehicle, comprising:
- an imaging sensor configured to capture an image of an observation area in front of the vehicle
- an image processing unit configured to process the captured image to obtain a processing image in which image edges in the image are marked
- a pattern recognition unit which is designed to determine, as a free space in front of the vehicle, that part of the observation area which corresponds to an image edge-free area of the image area
- Processing image starting from a lower edge of the image corresponds to the image.
- the image processing unit may be designed to provide lane markings and / or a lane marker
- the apparatus for determining a clearance in front of the vehicle may include the imaging sensor configured to acquire the image at a first time and a second image of an observation area in front of the vehicle at a second time after the first time ;
- the image processing unit is adapted to obtain, by forming a difference of image data of the image and image data of the second image, a difference image having moving edges defined by differing image dot values of the image data of the image versus the image data of the second image;
- a pattern recognition unit which is designed to determine as free space in front of the vehicle that part of the observation area corresponding to a moving edge-free area of the difference image, starting from a lower image edge of the difference image.
- the image processing unit may be configured to apply a threshold value to pixel values of the difference image, such that in the difference image only motion edges are included whose pixel values are above the threshold value.
- a threshold value to pixel values of the difference image, such that in the difference image only motion edges are included whose pixel values are above the threshold value.
- a pattern recognition unit may be configured to analyze a direction of movement of the edges and, in determining the clearance in front of the vehicle, weight those movement edges that move into the observation area more than movement edges that move out of the observation area, the stronger weights being in the Observation range moving observation edge is carried out in such a way that with respect to this moving into the range of motion observation edge a safety distance is provided in the free space to be determined in front of the vehicle. This ensures that objects that move into the observed area are treated as particularly vulnerable to collision.
- the imaging sensor may be configured in a further embodiment of the present invention to capture the image and the second image during a stoppage of the vehicle. Especially shortly before restarting it is important to reliably detect possible objects in the approach area in front of a vehicle. Furthermore, by means of this function, the driver can additionally be visually assisted, for example, in a traffic situation which is psychologically often regarded as monotone. At the same time, the evaluation of images in the stationary state of the vehicle can be significantly facilitated since, due to the generally small changes from image to image, the image processing requires fewer resources in the form of computing power.
- the pattern recognition unit may be configured to signal, if not at least one, of blocking the launch of the vehicle Free space of a predefined size was detected in front of the vehicle. This ensures that no rear-end collision is caused if the distance to a preceding vehicle is too short. It is also possible to ensure that there is no starting up of persons who may have stepped on the road during a waiting of the vehicles and walked between the vehicles.
- the pattern recognition unit may also be designed to signal a blocking of the startup of the vehicle if an object having a predefined minimum size was detected in a predefined area in front of the vehicle. This allows the approach to be blocked especially when large objects, such as people, are detected in the area in front of the vehicle. However, if smaller objects are detected in front of the vehicle, such as garbage or newspapers, a start of the vehicle can still be done without a risk to the vehicle or a person is to be feared.
- the pattern recognition unit can be designed to perform a geometric calculation of the free space in front of the vehicle from the determined values of the differential image by the distance d point to the imaging sensor from the installation height h of the imaging sensor in the vehicle, the sensor pitch angle a Image line y of the point whose distance is to be determined, the pixel size ⁇ and the focal length f is determined according to the following formula:
- the imaging sensor may be configured to operate after the second time
- the image processing unit may be configured to store the first and second images and the further images and to take from the second image and further images further difference images with corresponding movement edges. This makes it possible to continuously monitor the free space in front of the vehicle during standstill.
- the pattern recognition unit may be configured to detect intrusion of an object into a vacant space in front of a stationary vehicle by comparing the movement edges in different difference images.
- a movement of an object can be detected.
- a distinction is made between movements into the observation area and movements out of the observation area. Moving out of the observation room, e.g. due to an approaching vehicle should not block the own restart if possible.
- a movement into the observation area can be classified as relevant for collision and, for example, as a result, an automatic restart can be blocked.
- the pattern recognition unit can be realized by integrating the edge pixels into a profile in columns. If peaks are detected in this profile which are above a certain threshold value, for example, a flag is set, signaling that something has moved into the observation area
- the pattern recognition unit can be designed to track a movement of an object, which penetrates into the space to be kept clear in front of the vehicle, from a plurality of differential images in this space to be kept free. This provides the ability to estimate whether the object will soon leave the area in front of the vehicle, so that already preparatory measures can be taken to restart.
- the imaging sensor may be a camera. This allows besides the
- the device may comprise a further imaging sensor and the pattern recognition unit may be designed to check the image data of the first or second image with image data of the further imaging sensor for plausibility. This ensures that an error in the imaging sensor can be detected easily and quickly, and a risk to property or persons due to an unwanted re-start of the vehicle can be avoided.
- a method for determining a clearance in front of a vehicle comprising the steps of:
- a method for determining a clearance in front of a vehicle which has the following steps:
- Pixel values of the image data of the first image are defined relative to the image data of the second image
- the pattern recognition unit can be realized by integrating the edge pixels into a profile in columns.
- Fig. 1 is a representation of the possible use of a
- Fig. 2 is an illustration of detection of moving edges in an image
- Fig. 3 is an illustration of the geometric calculation of the actual clearance in front of the vehicle from the in the
- Fig. 1 shows a representation of the possible use of an embodiment of the present invention.
- a vehicle 10 is shown that, for example, in a traffic jam behind a
- Truck 12 is located.
- the vehicle 10 is equipped with an embodiment of the device 14 according to the invention.
- the exemplary embodiment of the device 14 illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises an imaging sensor 16, which may be, for example, an optical camera, an ultrasound sensor, a radar sensor or a lidar sensor. Furthermore, the device 14 comprises an image processing unit 18 and a pattern recognition unit 20 coupled to the image processing unit 18 Imaging sensor 16 may be arranged in the region of the windshield of the vehicle 10. This results in an observation area 22, which is considerably larger due to the increased arrangement of the imaging sensor 16, than is possible with an assembly of the sensor, for example in the front, in particular radiator area of a motor vehicle.
- an object 24 can be detected, for example, a person who has run between the vehicle 10 and the truck 12 during the traffic jam.
- the imaging sensor 16 takes this a first image in which the object 24 is not yet between the vehicle 10 and the truck 12. Thereafter, a second image is taken, in which the object 24 is already between the vehicle 10 and the truck 12.
- the first and second images are then compared with each other by producing a difference image from the first and second images.
- the differences caused by the object 24 in the second image in this case lead to movement edges in the difference image that result from the presence of the object 24 in the observation area 22.
- a distance is now measured between the lowest movement edge caused by the object 24 and a lower edge of the difference image, which makes it possible to draw conclusions about the position of the object 24 in the observation area 22 or a conclusion about a distance of the object 24 from the vehicle 10.
- the lower edge of the difference image or the first and second image corresponds to the front position of the vehicle 10.
- Fig. 2 shows an illustration of the detection of image edges by way of example with reference to two images.
- an image of a camera is shown, which is shown as the vehicle with the device according to the invention on a street behind a
- Truck 12 is located.
- an empty lane except for the lane markings, does not contain any strong (BiId) edges.
- Shadow edges stand out from the road in their contrast and suggest objects or obstacles on the road (or at least directly next to it). 2 shows how image edges in the (static) evaluation of a single image can be determined and marked.
- the area in front of the vehicle was analyzed by the lane markings and the image edges of the shadow path behind the lorry in such a way that no movement edges in front of the vehicle were detected in area 30 and that this area 30 is considered as a free space in front of the vehicle can be.
- the side strips are detected by edge detection in an edge region of the road and evaluated as a limit to the free space in front of the vehicle.
- the edge detection clearly shows that there is no object between the vehicle and the truck. This also allows the use of the invention for tracking. If the distance to the preceding truck does not change during the journey, there is no moving image edge in the moving image, so that there is no change in the distance to the truck and thus no restriction of the free space in front of the vehicle.
- FIG. 3 shows how a geometric calculation of the free space in front of the vehicle is carried out from the determined values of the differential image, which was generated from images taken by a camera mounted behind the rearview mirror on the windshield of a motor vehicle.
- Fig. 3 shows a way of determining the distance of a point d to the camera or the imaging sensor. The distance is determined from the camera installation height h in the vehicle, the camera pitch angle a, the image line y of the point whose distance is to be determined, the pixel size ⁇ and the camera focal length f according to the formula
- an exemplary method which realizes an automatic free space determination by means of a monocular camera, for example for the restart of a stopped vehicle. It is envisaged that an automatic restart only occurs if a free space in front of the vehicle is dimensioned so that it is greater than a previously defined as sufficiently large free space and is stored in the sensor system or the associated evaluation unit. If this can not be verified by one or more sensor systems (camera, ultrasound, radar, lidar, etc.), an active intervention, for example by the vehicle driver, is necessary for the journey to continue.
- the vehicle is equipped with at least one sensor system, with associated evaluation unit and a storage device.
- information about moving objects in the detection range of the sensor or sensors are stored in the detection range of the vehicle from standstill.
- moving objects are tracked during standstill to obtain further information about, for example, the relative velocity or to predict probable behavior of the object (lateral movement, object moving toward or away from the vehicle).
- the method selects objects that enter the free space in front of the vehicle after standstill. Before a return, it is checked if this Objects are still in front of the vehicle or have already left this area again.
- a criterion as to whether an active intervention, for example of the vehicle driver, is provided for the continuation of the journey or an automatic restart is made, depending on the fact that one of the previously described selected objects is still in the predetermined free space.
- Other criteria may be, for example, the object properties (size, relative speed, human, object, vehicle, etc.).
- a method of detecting moving objects with a camera could be as follows:
- a difference image is calculated from two successive images. The result is a picture with moving edges.
- a threshold value is applied to the difference image so that only strong motion edges remain.
- the free space is calculated, for example, starting from the lower edge of the image, the next stored movement edges are determined. The resulting contour limits the free space.
- the method according to an embodiment can also proceed as follows, as shown in more detail in FIG. 4: 1.
- a difference image is calculated from two successive images T1 and T1 + dt.
- the result is a (difference) image with motion edges.
- a threshold value is applied to the difference image so that only strong motion edges remain.
- the movement edges are integrated on a column-by-column basis so that an edge profile is created.
- a free space flag is set that indicates movement into the free space
- restarting may be blocked if the clearance flag is set and restarting is not enabled until it is certain that there is no object in front of the vehicle. This can be done by resetting the flag when the object moves out of the observation area and, by an evaluation of this, moving out of the observation area moving edges
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
- Image Analysis (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006022739 | 2006-05-12 | ||
| DE102006060893A DE102006060893A1 (de) | 2006-05-12 | 2006-12-22 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Bestimmen eines Freiraums vor einem Fahrzeug |
| PCT/DE2007/000788 WO2007131470A1 (de) | 2006-05-12 | 2007-05-03 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bestimmen eines freiraums vor einem fahrzeug |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2021975A1 true EP2021975A1 (de) | 2009-02-11 |
Family
ID=38331149
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07722345A Ceased EP2021975A1 (de) | 2006-05-12 | 2007-05-03 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bestimmen eines freiraums vor einem fahrzeug |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2021975A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102006060893A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2007131470A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007039377B4 (de) * | 2007-08-21 | 2011-11-10 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zur automatischen Längsführung eines Kraftfahrzeugs mittels eines längsführenden Fahrerassistenzsystems mit Stop&Go-Funktion |
| US8634593B2 (en) | 2008-04-24 | 2014-01-21 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Pixel-based texture-less clear path detection |
| US8421859B2 (en) * | 2008-04-24 | 2013-04-16 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Clear path detection using a hierachical approach |
| US8803966B2 (en) | 2008-04-24 | 2014-08-12 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Clear path detection using an example-based approach |
| US8917904B2 (en) | 2008-04-24 | 2014-12-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Vehicle clear path detection |
| DE102009058488B4 (de) * | 2009-12-16 | 2014-07-31 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zum Unterstützen beim Führen eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
| DE102010009620B4 (de) | 2010-02-27 | 2019-09-12 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Detektion mindestens eines Hindernisses in einem Fahrzeugumfeld |
| DE102015115012A1 (de) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-03-09 | Connaught Electronics Ltd. | Verfahren zum Erzeugen einer Umgebungskarte einer Umgebung eines Kraftfahrzeugs anhand eines Bilds einer Kamera, Fahrerassistenzsystem sowie Kraftfahrzeug |
| DE102017115475A1 (de) * | 2017-07-11 | 2019-01-17 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Verfahren zum Erkennen eines Hindernisses in einem Umgebungsbereich eines Kraftfahrzeugs, Auswerteeinrichtung, Fahrerassistenzsystem sowie Kraftfahrzeug |
| DE102019212021B4 (de) * | 2019-08-09 | 2024-02-08 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Feststellen eines Parallaxenproblems in Sensordaten zweier Sensoren |
| DE102020200183A1 (de) * | 2020-01-09 | 2021-07-15 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Verfahren zum Erstellen einer probabilistischen Freiraumkarte mit statischen und dynamischen Objekten |
| DE102021003728B4 (de) | 2021-07-20 | 2023-04-20 | Daimler Truck AG | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Gated-Kamera, Steuervorrichtung zur Durchführung eines solchen Verfahrens, Gated-Kamera-Vorrichtung mit einer solchen Steuervorrichtung und Kraftfahrzeug mit einer solchen Gated-Kamera-Vorrichtung |
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| WO1999053430A1 (en) * | 1998-04-13 | 1999-10-21 | Eyematic Interfaces, Inc. | Vision architecture to describe features of persons |
| US20020005898A1 (en) * | 2000-06-14 | 2002-01-17 | Kddi Corporation | Detection apparatus for road obstructions |
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| FR2674354A1 (fr) * | 1991-03-22 | 1992-09-25 | Thomson Csf | Procede d'analyse de sequences d'images routieres, dispositif pour sa mise en óoeuvre et son application a la detection d'obstacles. |
| JP3169483B2 (ja) * | 1993-06-25 | 2001-05-28 | 富士通株式会社 | 道路環境認識装置 |
| US6163022A (en) * | 1997-05-20 | 2000-12-19 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Imaging apparatus, distance measurement apparatus and method for measuring distance |
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| JP2001101415A (ja) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-04-13 | Fujitsu Ten Ltd | 画像認識装置および画像処理装置 |
| JP2002329298A (ja) * | 2001-05-02 | 2002-11-15 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 車両用走行制御装置 |
| US20060088188A1 (en) * | 2004-10-11 | 2006-04-27 | Alexander Ioffe | Method for the detection of an obstacle |
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2006
- 2006-12-22 DE DE102006060893A patent/DE102006060893A1/de active Pending
-
2007
- 2007-05-03 WO PCT/DE2007/000788 patent/WO2007131470A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2007-05-03 EP EP07722345A patent/EP2021975A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2007-05-03 DE DE112007000332.4T patent/DE112007000332B4/de active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO1999053430A1 (en) * | 1998-04-13 | 1999-10-21 | Eyematic Interfaces, Inc. | Vision architecture to describe features of persons |
| US20020005898A1 (en) * | 2000-06-14 | 2002-01-17 | Kddi Corporation | Detection apparatus for road obstructions |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112007000332A5 (de) | 2008-11-13 |
| DE112007000332B4 (de) | 2025-01-09 |
| DE102006060893A1 (de) | 2007-11-15 |
| WO2007131470A1 (de) | 2007-11-22 |
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