EP2019983A2 - Haptic input device - Google Patents
Haptic input deviceInfo
- Publication number
- EP2019983A2 EP2019983A2 EP07724833A EP07724833A EP2019983A2 EP 2019983 A2 EP2019983 A2 EP 2019983A2 EP 07724833 A EP07724833 A EP 07724833A EP 07724833 A EP07724833 A EP 07724833A EP 2019983 A2 EP2019983 A2 EP 2019983A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- input
- input device
- user
- evaluation circuit
- switching
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/016—Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/005—Electro-mechanical devices, e.g. switched
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/017—Gesture based interaction, e.g. based on a set of recognized hand gestures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
- G06F3/04166—Details of scanning methods, e.g. sampling time, grouping of sub areas or time sharing with display driving
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/96—Touch switches
- H03K17/962—Capacitive touch switches
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
Definitions
- the invention is directed to an input device for performing switching, setting and other input and selection operations by a user.
- Such input devices are particularly in the form of switches, sliders and touch screens in electrical appliances and other controls, e.g. provided in the vehicle area.
- buttons are displayed on a computer screen and can be operated by an operator by tapping.
- the shape as well as the position of the buttons as well as their operating functions are software programmable, whereby switching or selection operations can be performed synthetically generated noises can be identified to the user.
- the invention has for its object to provide solutions that make it possible with great design freedom advantageous for a user, in particular intuitively easy to use input interface.
- buttons and switches according to the invention rotary elements no longer have to be cumbersome wired, and supplied with energy and often from an outdoor area, e.g. a machine aperture, inwardly, e.g. an electronic board. On breakthroughs which can often be made hardly waterproof (etc.) can be dispensed with application of the inventive concept.
- the concept according to the invention makes it possible to use keys and other operating elements in a real physical form but in a similar way as touch systems to design and operate flexibly. Without their disadvantages, the desire for a haptic actuation experience is taken into account in a particularly advantageous manner.
- At least one pushbutton or switch or other operating element externally mounted on a control surface for a user accessible.
- the electronics from inside the device to be operated bind this button into a detection zone.
- states are changed in the area of the detection zone in such a way that this can be determined as a switching operation, in particular a key operation.
- a suitable evaluation circuit can then perform functions provided.
- the invention provides alternatives for all known, touchable and wired controls, e.g. Buttons, switches, rocker switches, sliding switches and knobs, rotary switches or knobs, rotary wheels, knobs, steering wheels, glide pads, computer mice, etc.
- the keys are illuminable via the same (or other) source (s), for example to indicate operating conditions (on - off, position, etc.).
- the controls are able to perform at least one sensory function, such as measuring the operating force or holding force, for example, emanates from an operator.
- electrical (or electromagnetic) fields which, starting from field emitters (field points), perform an electrical interaction with one another or one after the other.
- a mounted within such fields first inventive control element has after its attachment a, usually differing spatial distance to each of these field points whose point charges of electric fields recorded, passed on, emitted or collected.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation to illustrate the construction of a system according to the invention for generating switching commands using non-wired, capacitive detected controls;
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the construction of a system according to the invention in which, depending on the rotational position of a knob different field electrical events are coupled into a user, so that the position of the knob based on the injected into the user electrical events, or on the basis of properties of an inclusive the electrical system formed by the user can be determined;
- FIG. 3 is another schematic diagram illustrating the construction of a switching command generation system of the present invention using non-cabled, capacitive sensing controls in which the user provides a bridge between a field source and an extraction point, the user's electrical transmission characteristics being selective over that actuated control element can be changed so that the electrical events applied to the user provide information about the input operations performed in conjunction with the control element;
- FIG. 4 shows another schematic illustration to illustrate the structure of a system according to the invention similar to FIG. 3 in which optical effects are generated in the region of the operating element by relating the electrical energy required for this purpose to the electrical events applied to the user and spent by this user in the region of the operating element becomes;
- Figure 5 is another schematic diagram illustrating the construction of a system according to the invention similar to Figures 3 and 4 in which a haptic experience is generated as part of the operation of the control element;
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a system according to the invention in which position information can be obtained in the two-dimensional area via the operating element;
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation for illustrating the construction of a system according to the invention in which position information in the one-dimensional area can be obtained via the operating element;
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation for illustrating the structure of a system according to the invention for generating switching commands using non-wired, capacitively detected operating elements. Due to differing distance-related voltage levels or different frequencies / phases, such key may be assigned an electrical value corresponding to its mounting position. This so-called “position value” can be transmitted to an evaluation system during tactile actuation of the operating element, this being done wirelessly via the properties of the electrical (or electromagnetic) alternating field. Switch functions that can directly correspond to those of a wired button.
- a function or status value can also be transmitted.
- the position of the rotary switch can be determined from the different signal levels and / or phase curves.
- FIG 3 is another schematic diagram illustrating the construction of a switch command generation system of the present invention using non-cabled, capacitive sensing controls in which the user provides a bridge between a field source and an extraction point, the user's electrical transmission characteristics being that of the latter selectively operated control element can be changed, so that the voltage applied to the user electrical events provide information about the processed in interaction with the control input operations. It is also possible to charge the controls eg against ground via an electric field and to provide this energy during an operation or to use for lighting purposes (also switchable).
- phenomena of photonics can be used for the invention, for example such that when human limbs approach an operating element, a gas accommodated therein begins to glow and this luminous effect triggers triggering of an electronic processing circuit.
- This effect is also evident, for example, with an AC electrical tester equipped with a resistor and a glow tube for testing mains voltage.
- the difference with the invention is that it uses a higher frequency and thus also small approaching capacitances and a distance to a control element can already provide optical triggering effects.
- the lighting effect can also be frequency-dependent.
- a first switch-like element On a control panel of a device e.g. made of plastic (or other insulating material) is externally applied at one point a first switch-like element.
- This houses in its interior elements that can simulate a haptic feedback (pressure points, "crackpot”, etc.)
- the control element contains a coupling surface for alternating electric fields, which come from the inside of the device to be operated and from several points, their position to each other
- the coupling surface of the first control element can accommodate these fields but not (yet) pass it on.
- the forwarding is done by a second coupling surface when a person touches this control element to initiate a switching operation at will (FIG)
- the fields are then attenuated differently, which depends on their distance and their frequency to the control element according to the invention.This way, the control element also "learns" its position.
- this alternating field charge can be rectified and stored in an energy store (capacitor, gold cup, rechargeable battery, etc.) in order to be able to supply electronics contained in the operating element.
- this electronics may consist of a modulator which allows data to be modulated in the alternating voltage circuit closed by the operator when the operating element is actuated (transponder principle).
- these data may originate from the operating element itself, in order, e.g. to convey an identification number or an operating state or originate from a sensor associated with the operating element, which can determine supplementary values for the operating state, e.g. Operating force or holding force of the operator.
- FIG. 1 shows a first possible circuit design. At the vertices of a control panel four electrodes are applied in the interior of high impedance oscillators with AC signals of different frequency or phase. These frequencies are emitted as electrical alternating fields (so-called point charges) to the environment.
- a control element may be located at an identifiable position, which is mounted on the outside of the control panel, so that only a wireless capacitive charge coupling can take place If the grounding capacitance of the operating element were earthed, each of the emitter points emitted signals would be loaded capacitively, the magnitude of the load also depending on the distance to the respective emitter point of series resistors (Rl to R4), a change in the level can be measured, for example with the aid of a differential amplifier or a "differential ADC". This effect also occurs when, instead of grounding, a human activates this switch, which has some ground capacitance of a few hundred picofarads.
- tactile and practical experience values are a special feature of the invention. They are in the execution and in the arrangement of materials to each other. For example, in the control element cavities may be that allow gases to escape or divert fluids when actuated. Also, pressure points, similar to omega springs in microswitches, snap over (“crackpot”) to pass this mechanical feeling to the finger nerves of the operator.
- a microcontroller may be provided at its outputs e.g. provide four phase shifted signals (Figure 6).
- the phase shift of the emitter electrodes corresponds to the angle of intersection of the diagonal (e.g., 90 ° for a square control surface), thereby the current branching in each surface element is relatively constant.
- FIG. 2 A microcontroller may be provided at its outputs e.g. provide four phase shifted signals ( Figure 6).
- the phase shift of the emitter electrodes corresponds to the angle of intersection of the diagonal (e.g., 90 ° for a square control surface), thereby the current branching in each surface element is relatively constant.
- this alternating voltage is fed to field emitters. It is possible to increase the level by means of series resonant circuits.
- An applied capacitive load is generated, for example, by a human finger touching a control element according to the invention, which can be at different distances from the emitters. This results in different capacitive loads that can be measured during the respective phase of the signal in question.
- the measurement can be done by a multichannel ADC present in the microcontroller, in order thus to realize an inventive feature without major component expenditure.
- An additional input of the controller makes it possible to additionally receive the signals emitted by the operated element (switch positions, operating forces, etc.).
- Contact-fed sensory transponders can be produced, for example, on a flat polymer strip and arranged in a row in a motor vehicle steering wheel.
- a driver can be charged with an AC signal whose source z. B. from the seat, the door trim, center console, footwell can originate. When touching the steering wheel capacitive couplings are effective.
- the sensor strips according to the invention rectify the AC voltage and, with this energy, turn on position-determining signalers which are also located on the strip (for example in the form of polymer electronics). These signals can be evaluated elsewhere, it is also possible to forward them over the skin of the driver (Fig.2).
- the feeding AC voltage is then used as the carrier frequency, which is modulated by the sensor signal.
- Fig. 7 shows an example of a circuit of a strip sensor with electronics. After the rectification of the supply voltage, an RC oscillator is thus operated (eg with a Schmitt trigger inverter) whose resistive and / or capacitive component react to the enclosure with one hand and the haptic effects (eg holding force) that occur with a resulting signal form , 8a shows a possible supply circuit and Fig. 8b shows an evaluation circuit which outputs the measured levels as PWM (see Fig. 8c).
- An operator console in a vehicle can capacitively apply distinctive AC signals to the legs of the driver (left emitter) or passenger (right emitter) (Fig. 9).
- the Signals can be different in frequency, phase or modulation.
- On the console are control elements according to the invention, which in addition to the position signal and / or the function value also pass the operator identifying the alternating voltage signal to an evaluation when actuated.
- Capacitive coupling points in the console can pick up the signals and forward them to decoding or evaluation devices. If it is only necessary to determine who is operating the controls (driver / passenger distinction), these can also be conventionally wired and supplied. In this case, the applied by the driver or passenger applied AC voltage signal is evaluated in addition to the switching positions of the controls.
- Rotary switches according to the invention can exhibit at least one coupling surface which is offset from the axis of rotation (FIG. 2). Depending on the rotational position (angle), the coupling surface is closer to some emitter points than to others. This means that the resulting position signal varies depending on the switch position determinable. The same applies to slide switches.
- the position signals preferably arise only when an operator closes or loads the AC voltage circuit by haptic actuation (contact) or applies an applied AC voltage.
- luminescent substances eg gases, neon, OLED, etc.
- these substances can change their brightness or color because the coupling capacity becomes larger. This also helps, for example, to find a control element in the dark.
- the photonic effects can also be frequency-dependent.
- optical LCD filters it is also possible, for example, to see or hide underlying luminous colors.
- the light effects can also be used inside a control panel, eg for triggering opto-electrical components. It is also possible to determine the position of the light spot inside the device and thereby identify a control element.
- Operating elements can also be designed as sliding surfaces (controllers), for example by a resistive ink application as a coupling surface (or other areal resistive material).
- a resistive ink application as a coupling surface (or other areal resistive material).
- the sliding surfaces can be applied inside or outside the control panel on this. Depending on the version, a one- or three-dimensional operation is possible.
- the controls according to the invention can be attached to transparent materials and / or flat screens, which further enhances the experience value.
- piezoelectric effects can additionally be used in the control elements to amplify position signals or control values or light effects.
- the tactile controls may also include a needle which, when actuated by a hole in the control panel, pushes into the interior, thereby allowing for greater coupling of point (alternating) charges.
- the control panel can thus also consist of metal whose conductivity can also be used.
- magnets in the controls serve on the one hand for locking and / or release of locked controls, on the other hand, a magnetically induced position and function measurement is possible.
- the transmission of measured level, frequency or phase shifts to evaluation devices can be digital or analog.
- the evaluation device according to the invention may be suitable for approaching an operating element and its contact to distinguish an operator.
- the information generated by this distinction can be further considered circuitry.
- a mobile communication device in particular a WLAN-capable mobile telephone or, in particular, a Bluetooth-equipped mobile telephone.
- a signal can be generated, the connection-relevant, in particular for the mobile phone specific signals detected and transmitted by field electrical means of a communication unit.
- the user can be supplied on the basis of this concept immediately after pressing the controls product-specific, or determined by the purpose of the control information on the mobile phone, PDA, Blackberry, i-phone or the like.
- the controls can be designed as low-cost circuits and attached directly to the goods packaging, a merchandise display or an image carrier.
- the electrode structure provided for reading the actuating information is preferably arranged such that an effective field bridging is achieved by the user.
- control element circuit can, in particular, function as a sub-functional subassembly of a WLANS system and can serve this purpose by intuitively securely controllable activities - e.g. Touching a Button Icon on a Package - Handling more complex signal and data transfer operations.
- the aforementioned low-cost circuit can be designed in particular as a printed circuit which is located directly on the goods, or goods packaging.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Position Input By Displaying (AREA)
- Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
- Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
- Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Eingabeeinrichtung input device
Die Erfindung richtet sich auf eine Eingabeeinrichtung zur Durchführung von Schalt-, Stell- und anderweitigen Eingabe- und Selktionsoperationen durch einen Anwender.The invention is directed to an input device for performing switching, setting and other input and selection operations by a user.
Derartige Eingabeeinrichtungen sind insbesondere in Form von Schaltern, Schiebern und Touchscreens bei Elektrogeräten sowie anderweitigen Steuerungen, z.B. im Fahrzeugbereich vorgesehen.Such input devices are particularly in the form of switches, sliders and touch screens in electrical appliances and other controls, e.g. provided in the vehicle area.
Jene Touchscreens sind aus dem Trend nach flexibler Maschinen- /Gerätebedienung hervorgegangen. Bei der Verwendung von Touchscreens werden auf einem Computerbildschirm „virtuelle Tasten" dargestellt und diese von einem Bediener durch Antippen betätigt werden können. Sowohl die Form als auch die Position der Tasten sowie deren Betätigungsfunktionen sind per Software programmierbar. Schalt- oder Selektionsvorgänge können hierbei durch synthetisch generierte Geräusche dem Anwender kenntlich gemacht werden.Those touchscreens have emerged from the trend towards flexible machine / device operation. When using touchscreens, "virtual buttons" are displayed on a computer screen and can be operated by an operator by tapping.The shape as well as the position of the buttons as well as their operating functions are software programmable, whereby switching or selection operations can be performed synthetically generated noises can be identified to the user.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Lösungen zu schaffen die es ermöglichen, mit großer Gestaltungsfreiheit eine für einen Anwender vorteilhaft, insbesondere intuitiv leicht bedienbare Eingabeschnittstelle zu schaffen.The invention has for its object to provide solutions that make it possible with great design freedom advantageous for a user, in particular intuitively easy to use input interface.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Eingabeeinrichtung mit den in Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst.This object is achieved by an input device with the features specified in claim 1.
Dadurch wird es auf vorteilhafte Weise möglich, die Gestaltung der Eingabestrukturen und deren Anordnung zueinander anforderungsgemäß zu gestalten, ohne dass hierzu besondere Änderungen am Aufbau der Zwischenschaltung vorgenommen werden müssen. Hierdurch wird es insbesondere möglich, eine verschiedenste Varianten von Eingabeoberflächen unter Rückgriffnahme auf eine als Standardkomponente ausgeführte Basisschaltung zu schaffen. Hierdurch wird es möglich, auf aktuelle Design-Trends mit geringen Produktentwicklungszeiten anzusprechen .This makes it possible in an advantageous manner, the design of the input structures and their arrangement to each other according to the requirements without special modifications to the structure of the intermediate circuit must be made. This makes it possible, in particular, to create a very wide variety of input surfaces with recourse to a base circuit designed as a standard component. This makes it possible to respond to current design trends with low product development times.
In vorteilhafter Weise wird hierdurch dem Umstand Rechnung getragen, dass mit der Entwicklung des Menschen sich insbesondere auch sein Tastsinn in besonderer Weise ausgeprägt hat und zwar dergestalt, dass die Hände und Finger (von einem Großteil des menschlichen Gehirns gesteuert) den Alltag bestimmbar und erlebbar gestalten. Der als solcher „handelnde Mensch" kann seine Umwelt und die Gegenstände mit denen er sich beschäftigt im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes „begreifen". Bei elektrisch und elektronisch steuerbaren Maschinen/Geräten kann daher mit den erfindungsgemäßen Bedienelementen neben der Schaltfunktion zusätzlich ein ansprechendes haptisches Erlebnis vorteilhaft realisiert werden.Advantageously, the fact is thereby taken into account that with the development of man in particular his sense of touch has been particularly pronounced in such a way that the hands and fingers (controlled by a large part of the human brain) make everyday life determinable and experienceable , The "acting man" can literally "grasp" his environment and the objects he deals with. In electrically and electronically controllable machines / devices can therefore be advantageously realized with the controls according to the invention in addition to the switching function an appealing haptic experience.
Es haben beispielsweise Versuche in Verkaufsbereichen, gezeigt, dass Touch-Screen Systeme mit Bildschirmen zur Wareninformation nur bedingt von Konsumenten akzeptiert werden. Dem Umstand, dass ein Kunde lieber die Ware anfasst als sich in einem simulierten Erlebnisbereich darüber zu informieren, kann durch das erfindungsgemäße Konzept in besonderem Maße Rechnung getragen werden. Dabei wird weiterhin der Flexibilitätsgrad, den simulierte Tastenanordnungen versprechen, erhalten. Erfindungsgemäße Tasten und Schalter, Drehelemente müssen abweichend von den bisherigen Konzepten nicht mehr umständlich verdrahtet, und mit Energie versorgt und oft von einem Außenbereich, z.B. einer Maschinenblende, nach innen, z.B. einer elektronischen Platine, geführt werden. Auf Durchbrüche die oftmals kaum wasserdicht (usw.) gemacht werden können kann bei Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Konzeptes verzichtet werden.For example, in sales areas, it has been shown that touch-screen systems with commodity information screens are only partially accepted by consumers. The fact that a customer prefers to touch the goods rather than to inform themselves in a simulated experience area can be taken into account to a particular extent by the concept according to the invention. At the same time, the degree of flexibility promised by simulated key arrangements is maintained. Deviating from the previous concepts, buttons and switches according to the invention, rotary elements no longer have to be cumbersome wired, and supplied with energy and often from an outdoor area, e.g. a machine aperture, inwardly, e.g. an electronic board. On breakthroughs which can often be made hardly waterproof (etc.) can be dispensed with application of the inventive concept.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Konzept wird es möglich, Tasten und sonstige Bedienelemente in einer realen physikalischen Ausprägung bereitzustellen, aber in ähnlicher Weise wie Touch Systeme flexibel zu gestalten und zu betreiben. Ohne deren Nachteile wird dem Wunsch nach einem haptischen Betätigungserlebnis in besonders vorteilhafter Weise Rechnung getragen.The concept according to the invention makes it possible to use keys and other operating elements in a real physical form but in a similar way as touch systems to design and operate flexibly. Without their disadvantages, the desire for a haptic actuation experience is taken into account in a particularly advantageous manner.
Vorzugsweise ist mindestens ein Taster oder Schalter oder sonstiges Bedienelement außen auf einer Bedienfläche für einen Benutzer zugänglich angebracht. Die Elektronik aus dem Inneren des zu bedienenden Gerätes bindet diesen Taster in eine Detektionszone ein. Bei Betätigen der Taste durch Bediener werden im Bereich der Detektionszone Zustände derartig verändert, dass dies als Schaltoperation, insbesondere Tastenbetätigung definiert feststellbar ist. Eine geeignete Auswerteschaltung kann daraufhin vorgesehene Funktionen ausführen.Preferably, at least one pushbutton or switch or other operating element externally mounted on a control surface for a user accessible. The electronics from inside the device to be operated bind this button into a detection zone. When the key is pressed by the operator, states are changed in the area of the detection zone in such a way that this can be determined as a switching operation, in particular a key operation. A suitable evaluation circuit can then perform functions provided.
Die Erfindung stellt Alternativen für alle bekannten, berührbaren und verdrahteten Bedienelemente dar, wie z.B. Tasten, Schalter, Wippschalter, Schiebe- Schalter und Regler, Dreh- Schalter oder Regler, Drehräder, Drehknöpfe, Lenkräder, Glidepads, Computermäuse usw.The invention provides alternatives for all known, touchable and wired controls, e.g. Buttons, switches, rocker switches, sliding switches and knobs, rotary switches or knobs, rotary wheels, knobs, steering wheels, glide pads, computer mice, etc.
Gemäß einem Aspekt der Erfindung sind die Tasten über dieselbe (oder andere) Quelle (n) beleuchtbar, um z.B. Bedienzustände anzeigen zu können (ein - aus, Position usw.). Dabei sind die Bedienelemente in der Lage mindestens eine sensorische Funktion zu erfüllen, z.B. Messen der Betätigungskraft oder Haltekraft, die z.B. von einem Bediener ausgeht. Innerhalb des Bedienbereiches befinden sich elektrische (oder elektromagnetische) Felder, die, von Feldemittern (Feldpunkte) ausgehend, eine elektrische Wechselwirkung untereinander oder nacheinander ausführen. Ein innerhalb solcher Felder angebrachtes erstes erfindungsgemäßes Bedienelement hat nach seiner Anbringung eine, meist differierende räumliche Distanz zu jedem dieser Feldpunkte, deren Punktladungen elektrischer Felder aufgenommen, weitergegeben, ausgesandt oder eingesammelt werden können. Weitere Einzelheiten und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung. Es zeigt:According to one aspect of the invention, the keys are illuminable via the same (or other) source (s), for example to indicate operating conditions (on - off, position, etc.). The controls are able to perform at least one sensory function, such as measuring the operating force or holding force, for example, emanates from an operator. Within the operating area are electrical (or electromagnetic) fields which, starting from field emitters (field points), perform an electrical interaction with one another or one after the other. A mounted within such fields first inventive control element has after its attachment a, usually differing spatial distance to each of these field points whose point charges of electric fields recorded, passed on, emitted or collected. Further details and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawings. It shows:
Figur 1 eine Schemadarstellung zur Veranschaulichung des Aufbaus eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems zur Generierung von Schaltbefehlen unter Verwendung nicht-verkabelter , kapazitiv erfasster Bedienelemente ;Figure 1 is a schematic representation to illustrate the construction of a system according to the invention for generating switching commands using non-wired, capacitive detected controls;
Figur 2 eine Schemadarstellung zur Veranschaulichung des Aufbaus eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems bei welchem nach Maßgabe der Drehposition eines Drehknopfes unterschiedliche feldelektrische Ereignisse in einen Anwender eingekoppelt werden, so dass die Position des Drehknopfes anhand der in den Anwender eingekoppelten elektrischen Ereignisse, oder anhand von Eigenschaften eines unter Einschluss des Anwenders gebildeten elektrischen Systems festegestellt werden kann;Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the construction of a system according to the invention in which, depending on the rotational position of a knob different field electrical events are coupled into a user, so that the position of the knob based on the injected into the user electrical events, or on the basis of properties of an inclusive the electrical system formed by the user can be determined;
Figur 3 eine weitere Schemadarstellung zur Veranschaulichung des Aufbaus eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems zur Generierung von Schaltbefehlen unter Verwendung nicht-verkabelter, kapazitiv erfasster Bedienelemente bei welchem der Anwender eine Brücke zwischen einer Feldquelle und einer Auskoppelungsstelle bildet, wobei die elektrischen Übertragungseigenschaften des Anwenders über das von diesem selektiv betätigte Bedienelement verändert werden, so dass die an dem Anwender anliegenden elektrischen Ereignisse Aufschluss über die im Zusammenspiel mit dem Bedienelement abgewickelten Eingabeoperationen liefern; Figur 4 eine weitere Schemadarstellung zur Veranschaulichung des Aufbaus eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems ähnlich Figur 3 bei welchem im Bereich des Bedienelementes optische Effekte generiert werden, indem die hierzu erforderliche elektrische Energie aus den am Anwender anliegenden und durch diesen Anwender in den Bereich des Bedienelementes verbrachten elektrischen Ereignissen bezogen wird;Figure 3 is another schematic diagram illustrating the construction of a switching command generation system of the present invention using non-cabled, capacitive sensing controls in which the user provides a bridge between a field source and an extraction point, the user's electrical transmission characteristics being selective over that actuated control element can be changed so that the electrical events applied to the user provide information about the input operations performed in conjunction with the control element; FIG. 4 shows another schematic illustration to illustrate the structure of a system according to the invention similar to FIG. 3 in which optical effects are generated in the region of the operating element by relating the electrical energy required for this purpose to the electrical events applied to the user and spent by this user in the region of the operating element becomes;
Figur 5 eine weitere Schemadarstellung zur Veranschaulichung des Aufbaus eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems ähnlich den Figuren 3 und 4 bei welchem im Rahmen der Betätigung des Bedienelementes ein haptisches Erlebnis generiert wird;Figure 5 is another schematic diagram illustrating the construction of a system according to the invention similar to Figures 3 and 4 in which a haptic experience is generated as part of the operation of the control element;
Figur 6 eine Schemadarstellung zur Veranschaulichung des Aufbaus eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems bei welchem über das Bedienelement Positionsinformation im zweidimensionalen Bereich gewonnen werden können;Figure 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a system according to the invention in which position information can be obtained in the two-dimensional area via the operating element;
Figur 7 eine Schemadarstellung zur Veranschaulichung des Aufbaus eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems bei welchem über das Bedienelement Positionsinformation im eindimensionalen Bereich gewonnen werden können;FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation for illustrating the construction of a system according to the invention in which position information in the one-dimensional area can be obtained via the operating element;
Figuren 8a, 8b und 8cFigures 8a, 8b and 8c
Schemadarstellungen zur weiteren Veranschaulichung des Aufbaus und der Funktionsweise eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems;Schematic diagrams to further illustrate the structure and operation of a system according to the invention;
Figur 9 eine Prinzipskizze zur Veranschaulichung des9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the
Einsatzes des erfindungsgemäßen Systems bei einemUse of the system according to the invention in a
Kraftfahrzeug bei welchem festegestellt werden kann, ob das Bedienelement von einem Fahrer, oder einem Beifahrer betätigt wird. Figur 1 zeigt eine Schemadarstellung zur Veranschaulichung des Aufbaus eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems zur Generierung von Schaltbefehlen unter Verwendung nicht-verkabelter, kapazitiv erfasster Bedienelemente. Aufgrund differierender, von der Distanz bedingten Spannungspegel oder unterschiedlicher Frequenzen/Phasenlagen kann einer derartigen Taste ein elektrischer Wert zugewiesen werden, der ihrer Anbringungsposition entspricht. Dieser sog. „Positionswert" kann bei taktiler Betätigung des Bedienelementes an ein Auswertesystem übermittelt werden. Dies geschieht drahtlos über die Eigenschaften des elektrischen (oder elektromagnetischen) Wechselfeldes. Entsprechend der übermittelten Position kann eine Auswerteeinrichtung mit Hilfe einer Tabelle (Look-up-Table ) Funktionen schalten, die der einer durch Draht verbundenen Taste direkt entsprechen können.Motor vehicle in which can be set whether the control is operated by a driver or a passenger. FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation for illustrating the structure of a system according to the invention for generating switching commands using non-wired, capacitively detected operating elements. Due to differing distance-related voltage levels or different frequencies / phases, such key may be assigned an electrical value corresponding to its mounting position. This so-called "position value" can be transmitted to an evaluation system during tactile actuation of the operating element, this being done wirelessly via the properties of the electrical (or electromagnetic) alternating field. Switch functions that can directly correspond to those of a wired button.
Neben dem Positionswert können auch zusätzlich ein Funktions- oder Zustandswerte übermittelt werden.In addition to the position value, a function or status value can also be transmitted.
Wie aus Figur 2 ersichtlich kann bei Drehschaltern die jeweilige Drehstellung übermittelt werden, indem der Aus- bzw. Einspeisepunkt für elektrische (oder elektromagnetische) Ladungen und Felder drehbar an einer, von der Drehachse entfernten Koppelstelle (z.B. „L"-förmigen Metallstift) angeordnet ist dessen Fläche näher in die Richtung mindestens einer der beispielsweise vier Emitterpunkte ( =Messpunkte) deutet als bei den anderen. Aus den unterschiedlichen Signalpegeln und/oder Phasenverläufen lässt sich die Position des Drehschalters ermitteln.As can be seen from FIG. 2, the rotary position can be transmitted to the respective rotary position by arranging the exit or entry point for electrical (or electromagnetic) charges and fields rotatably at a coupling point remote from the axis of rotation (eg "L" -shaped metal pin) the area of which is closer in the direction of at least one of, for example, four emitter points (= measuring points) than in the others The position of the rotary switch can be determined from the different signal levels and / or phase curves.
Von besonderer Bedeutung ist die Anwesenheit des Menschen, da er bei Betätigung eines erfindungsgemäßen Bedienelementes einen Wechselspannungskreis gegen Masse (Ground) schließt. Aufgrund der physikalischen Eigenschaften (hochohmig) fließen dabei nur geringste Ströme, sodass es zu keiner Gefährdung kommen kann. Jedoch reichen diese Ströme noch aus, in dem betätigten Bedienelement eine Spannung gleichzurichten und damit beispielsweise einen Kondensator aufzuladen, damit eine eventuell in dem Bedienelement untergebrachte Elektronik versorgt werden kann, beispielsweise ein Signalgeber oder ein Sensorelement oder eine Beleuchtung. Figur 3 zeigt eine weitere Schemadarstellung zur Veranschaulichung des Aufbaus eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems zur Generierung von Schaltbefehlen unter Verwendung nicht-verkabelter, kapazitiv erfasster Bedienelemente bei welchem der Anwender eine Brücke zwischen einer Feldquelle und einer Auskoppelungsstelle bildet, wobei die elektrischen Übertragungseigenschaften des Anwenders über das von diesem selektiv betätigte Bedienelement verändert werden, so dass die an dem Anwender anliegenden elektrischen Ereignisse Aufschluss über die im Zusammenspiel mit dem Bedienelement abgewickelten Eingabeoperationen liefern. Es ist auch möglich, die Bedienelemente z.B. gegen Masse über ein elektrisches Feld aufzuladen und diese Energie bei einem Bedienvorgang bereitzustellen oder für Beleuchtungszwecke (auch umschaltbar) zu nutzen.Of particular importance is the presence of humans, as he closes an AC voltage circuit to earth (ground) upon actuation of a control element according to the invention. Due to the physical properties (high resistance), only the smallest currents flow, so that no danger can occur. However, these currents are still sufficient to rectify a voltage in the actuated control element and thus to charge a capacitor, for example, so that any electronics accommodated in the control element can be supplied, for example a signal generator or a sensor element or a lighting. Figure 3 is another schematic diagram illustrating the construction of a switch command generation system of the present invention using non-cabled, capacitive sensing controls in which the user provides a bridge between a field source and an extraction point, the user's electrical transmission characteristics being that of the latter selectively operated control element can be changed, so that the voltage applied to the user electrical events provide information about the processed in interaction with the control input operations. It is also possible to charge the controls eg against ground via an electric field and to provide this energy during an operation or to use for lighting purposes (also switchable).
Gemäß der in Figur 4 dargestellten Variante kann über die leitfähige Hautoberfläche eines Bedieners die z.B. kapazitiv mit einem elektrischen Feld beaufschlagt wurde eine entsprechende Energieübertragung erfolgen.According to the variant illustrated in Figure 4, over the conductive skin surface of an operator, e.g. capacitive with an electric field was applied a corresponding energy transfer.
Wie aus Figur 5 ersichtlich können für die Erfindung Phänomene der Photonik verwendet werden etwa dergestalt, dass bei Annäherung menschlicher Gliedmaßen an ein Bedienelement ein in diesem untergebrachtes Gas zu leuchten beginnt und dieser Leuchteffekt eine Triggerung einer elektronischen Verarbeitungsschaltung auslöst. (Dieser Effekt ist z.B. auch bei einem elektrischen Wechselspannungsprüfer sichtbar, der zum Testen von Netzspannung mit einem Widerstand und einer Glimmröhre ausgestattet ist. Der Unterschied zur Erfindung liegt darin, dass diese eine höhere Frequenz verwendet und somit auch kleine Annäherungskapazitäten und eine Entfernung zu einem Bedienelement schon optische Triggereffekte bereitstellen kann.) Der Leuchteffekt kann auch frequenzabhängig sein. Eine erste beispielhafte AusführungAs can be seen from FIG. 5, phenomena of photonics can be used for the invention, for example such that when human limbs approach an operating element, a gas accommodated therein begins to glow and this luminous effect triggers triggering of an electronic processing circuit. (This effect is also evident, for example, with an AC electrical tester equipped with a resistor and a glow tube for testing mains voltage.) The difference with the invention is that it uses a higher frequency and thus also small approaching capacitances and a distance to a control element can already provide optical triggering effects.) The lighting effect can also be frequency-dependent. A first exemplary embodiment
Auf einer Bedienblende eines Gerätes z.B. aus Kunststoff (oder anderem isolierendem Material) ist außen an einer Stelle ein erstes schalterähnliches Element aufgebracht. Dies beherbergt in seinem Inneren Elemente, die ein haptisches Feedback simulieren können (Druckpunkte, „Knackfrosch" etc.). Ferner enthält das Bedienelement eine Einkoppelfläche für elektrische Wechselfelder. Diese stammen vom Inneren des zu bedienenden Gerätes und werden von mehreren Punkten, deren Position zueinander bekannt ist, abgestrahlt. Die Koppelfläche des ersten Bedienelementes kann diese Felder aufnehmen aber (noch) nicht weitergeben. Die Weiterleitung geschieht durch eine zweite Koppelfläche dann, wenn ein Mensch dieses Bedienelement berührt, um willentlich einen Schaltvorgang einzuleiten (Fig. 1). Zum einen werden die Felder dann unterschiedlich bedämpft, was von ihrem Abstand und ihrer Frequenz zu dem erfindungsgemäßen Bedienelement abhangt. Auf diese Weise „erfahrt" das Bedienelement auch seine Position. Zum anderen kann ein Teil dieser Wechselfeldladung gleichgerichtet und in einem Energiespeicher (Kondensator, Gold Cup, Akku etc.) gespeichert werden, um eine im Bedienelement enthaltene Elektronik versorgen zu können. Diese Elektronik kann beispielsweise unter anderem aus einem Modulator bestehen, der es gestattet, Daten in den durch den Bediener bei Betätigung des Bedienelementes geschlossenen Wechselspannungskreis aufzumodulieren (Transponderprinzip) . Dabei können diese Daten vom Bedienelement selbst stammen, um z.B. eine Identifizierungsnummer oder einen Bedienzustand zu übermitteln oder von einem dem Bedienelement zugeordneten Sensor stammen, der dem Bedienzustand ergänzende Werte ermitteln kann, z.B. Betätigungskraft oder Haltekraft des Bedieners.On a control panel of a device e.g. made of plastic (or other insulating material) is externally applied at one point a first switch-like element. This houses in its interior elements that can simulate a haptic feedback (pressure points, "crackpot", etc.) Furthermore, the control element contains a coupling surface for alternating electric fields, which come from the inside of the device to be operated and from several points, their position to each other The coupling surface of the first control element can accommodate these fields but not (yet) pass it on.The forwarding is done by a second coupling surface when a person touches this control element to initiate a switching operation at will (FIG The fields are then attenuated differently, which depends on their distance and their frequency to the control element according to the invention.This way, the control element also "learns" its position. On the other hand, part of this alternating field charge can be rectified and stored in an energy store (capacitor, gold cup, rechargeable battery, etc.) in order to be able to supply electronics contained in the operating element. Among other things, this electronics may consist of a modulator which allows data to be modulated in the alternating voltage circuit closed by the operator when the operating element is actuated (transponder principle). In this case, these data may originate from the operating element itself, in order, e.g. to convey an identification number or an operating state or originate from a sensor associated with the operating element, which can determine supplementary values for the operating state, e.g. Operating force or holding force of the operator.
Da in einem Wechselspannungskreis die „Kirchhoffsehen Gesetze" gelten, kann durch ändern der Impedanz, wie es die Modulationseinrichtung beispielsweise hervorrufen kann, an anderer Stelle ein entsprechender Spannungsabfall (Z.B. Datentelegramm) beobachtet werden, der einer Auswerteeinheit zugeführt wird. Aus Positions-, Bedien- und Sensorsignalen können dann erfindungsgemäß in einer Verarbeitungseinrichtung Schlüsse gezogen werden, die in Form von zu schaltenden Funktionen realisierbar sind (Feedback). Obwohl es sich eigentlich um ein Touch-System handelt, glaubt der Bediener, eine Schaltfunktion durch haptische Betätigung einer Taste, eines Schalter oder eines Hebel usw. (mit taktilem feedback) einzuleiten.Since the "Kirchhoff laws" apply in an alternating voltage circuit, by changing the impedance, as the modulation device can cause, for example, a corresponding voltage drop (ZB data telegram) can be observed elsewhere, that of an evaluation unit is supplied. From position, operating and sensor signals conclusions can then be drawn according to the invention in a processing device, which can be realized in the form of functions to be switched (feedback). Although it is actually a touch system, the operator believes to initiate a switching function by haptically actuating a button, switch or lever, etc. (with tactile feedback).
Figur 1 zeigt eine erste mögliche Schaltungsauslegung. An den Eckpunkten eines Bedienfeldes werden in dessen Inneren vier Elektroden hochohmig von Oszillatoren mit Wechselspannungssignalen unterschiedlicher Frequenz oder Phase beaufschlagt. Diese Frequenzen werden als elektrische Wechselfelder (sog. Punktladungen) an die Umgebung abgegeben. Innerhalb oder außerhalb dieser vier Ladungsoder auch „Emitterpunkte" genannten Elektroden kann sich an einer bestimmbaren Position ein erfindungsgemäßes Bedienelement befinden, welches auf der Außenseite der Bedienblende angebracht ist. Es kann also nur eine drahtlose kapazitive Ladungskoppelung stattfinden. Allerdings findet diese in einem kugelförmigen Umgebungsbereich der erfindungsgemäßen Emitterpunkte statt, sodass diese auch relativ nahe zusammen liegend angeordnet sein könnten. Würde man die Einkoppelungskapazität des Bedienelementes nun erden, so würde jedes der von den Emitterpunkten ausgesandten Signale kapazitiv belastet, wobei die Höhe der Belastung auch vom Abstand zum jeweiligen Emitterpunkt abhängt. Entlang von Längswiderständen (Rl bis R4 ) wird eine Änderung des Pegels messbar, beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines Differenzverstarkers oder eines „differential ADCs". Dieser Effekt tritt auch ein wenn statt der Erdung ein Mensch diesen Schalter betätigt, der eine gewisse Kapazität gegen Erde (Ground Kapazität) von einigen hundert Picofarad aufweist.FIG. 1 shows a first possible circuit design. At the vertices of a control panel four electrodes are applied in the interior of high impedance oscillators with AC signals of different frequency or phase. These frequencies are emitted as electrical alternating fields (so-called point charges) to the environment. Within or outside these electrodes, which may be referred to as charge or emitter points, a control element according to the invention may be located at an identifiable position, which is mounted on the outside of the control panel, so that only a wireless capacitive charge coupling can take place If the grounding capacitance of the operating element were earthed, each of the emitter points emitted signals would be loaded capacitively, the magnitude of the load also depending on the distance to the respective emitter point of series resistors (Rl to R4), a change in the level can be measured, for example with the aid of a differential amplifier or a "differential ADC". This effect also occurs when, instead of grounding, a human activates this switch, which has some ground capacitance of a few hundred picofarads.
Mit Hilfe einer erfindungsgemäßen Mathematik ist es möglich, die Pegelunterschiede in Quotienten zu wandeln, um die Pegelintensität ausklammern zu können, damit unterschiedliche Erdungsbedingungen oder Körpermaße nicht zu einer Verfälschung der Funktionen führen.With the aid of a mathematics according to the invention, it is possible to convert the level differences into quotients in order to be able to exclude the level intensity, so that different grounding conditions or body dimensions do not lead to a falsification of the functions.
Innerhalb des Bedienelementes können mit Resonanz- und/oder Saugkreisen oder speziellen Filtern diese Pegelunterschiede noch dramatischer gestaltet werden, um die Unterscheidung eindeutiger zu machen .Within the control element, these level differences can still be achieved with resonance and / or absorption circuits or special filters be made more dramatic in order to make the distinction clearer.
Es ist auch möglich, von der mit dem Bedienelement aufgefangenen Energie in diesem einen Oszillator zu betreiben, der in den Wechselspannungskreis zusätzlich ein frequentes, detektierbares (evtl. Daten moduliertes) Signal einspeist. Dieses Signal könnte auch elektromagnetisch abgegeben, und von Leseeinrichtungen empfangen und bearbeitet werden, wie man sie von herkömmlichen Transpondersystemen kennt. Damit ist die Erfindung geeignet, mit solchen in vorteilhafter Weise zu korrespondieren. Die Ausprägung taktiler und praktischer Erlebniswerte sind eine Besonderheit der Erfindung. Sie liegen in der Ausführung und in der Anordnung der Materialien zueinander. Beispielsweise können im Bedienelement Hohlräume sein, die bei Betätigung Gase entweichen lassen oder Flüssigkeiten umleiten usw. Auch könnten Druckpunkte, ähnlich wie Omegafedern bei Mikroschaltern, umschnappen („Knackfrosch") , um dieses mechanische Gefühl an die Fingernerven des Bedieners weiterzugeben .It is also possible to operate from the energy collected by the control element in this one oscillator, which additionally feeds into the alternating voltage circuit a frequent, detectable (possibly data-modulated) signal. This signal could also be emitted electromagnetically, and received and processed by readers, as known from conventional transponder systems. Thus, the invention is adapted to correspond with such in an advantageous manner. The expression of tactile and practical experience values are a special feature of the invention. They are in the execution and in the arrangement of materials to each other. For example, in the control element cavities may be that allow gases to escape or divert fluids when actuated. Also, pressure points, similar to omega springs in microswitches, snap over ("crackpot") to pass this mechanical feeling to the finger nerves of the operator.
Weitere vorteilhafte SchaltungsauslegungenFurther advantageous circuit designs
Ein MikroController kann an seinen Ausgängen z.B. vier Phasen verschobene Signale bereitstellen (Fig.6). Die Phasenverschiebung der Emitterelektroden entspricht dem Schnittwinkel der Diagonalen (z.B. 90° bei einer quadratischen Bedienfläche), dadurch ist die Stromverzweigung in jedem Flächenelement relativ konstant. Figur 2.A microcontroller may be provided at its outputs e.g. provide four phase shifted signals (Figure 6). The phase shift of the emitter electrodes corresponds to the angle of intersection of the diagonal (e.g., 90 ° for a square control surface), thereby the current branching in each surface element is relatively constant. FIG. 2.
Über Messwiderstände oder einen resistiven Touch-Bereich wird diese Wechselspannung zu Feldemittern geführt. Es ist möglich, den Pegel mit Hilfe von Serienresonanzkreisen zu erhöhen. Eine eingebrachte kapazitive Belastung wird z.B. durch einen menschlichen Finger erzeugt, der ein erfindungsgemäßes Bedienelement berührt, welches von den Emittern unterschiedlich weit entfernt sein kann. Dadurch entstehen unterschiedliche kapazitive Belastungen, die während der jeweiligen Phase des betreffenden Signals messbar sind. Beispielsweise kann die Messung durch einen im Mikrocontroller vorhandenen mehrkanaligen ADC geschehen, um somit ohne größeren Bauteilaufwand eine erfindungsgemäße Ausprägung zu realisieren. Ein zusätzlicher Eingang des Controllers gestattet es, die vom bedienten Element ausgehenden Signale zusätzlich zu empfangen (Schalterstellungen, Bedienkräfte etc.).Via measuring resistors or a resistive touch area, this alternating voltage is fed to field emitters. It is possible to increase the level by means of series resonant circuits. An applied capacitive load is generated, for example, by a human finger touching a control element according to the invention, which can be at different distances from the emitters. This results in different capacitive loads that can be measured during the respective phase of the signal in question. For example, the measurement can be done by a multichannel ADC present in the microcontroller, in order thus to realize an inventive feature without major component expenditure. An additional input of the controller makes it possible to additionally receive the signals emitted by the operated element (switch positions, operating forces, etc.).
Berührgespeiste sensorische Transponder können beispielsweise auf einem flachen Polymerstreifen hergestellt und aneinandergereiht in einem KFZ-Lenkrad angebracht werden.Contact-fed sensory transponders can be produced, for example, on a flat polymer strip and arranged in a row in a motor vehicle steering wheel.
Ein Fahrer kann mit einem Wechselspannungssignal beaufschlagt werden, dessen Quelle z. B. aus dem Sitz, der Türverkleidung, Mittelkonsole, Fußraum stammen kann. Bei Berührung des Lenkrades werden kapazitive Kopplungen wirksam. Die erfindungsgemäßen Sensorstreifen richten die Wechselspannung gleich und schalten mit dieser Energie positionsbestimmende Signalgeber ein, die sich ebenfalls auf dem Streifen befinden (z.B. in Form von Polymerer Elektronik). Diese Signale können an anderer Stelle ausgewertet werden, es ist auch möglich sie über die Haut des Fahrers weiterzuleiten (Fig.2). Die speisende Wechselspannung wird dann als Trägerfrequenz verwendet, die durch das Sensorsignal moduliert wird. Letzteres kann auch durch die Art und Weise verändert werden (z.B. PWM, dutycycle etc), je nach dem wie (und wo) der Fahrer das Lenkrad taktil (haptisch) handhabt (oder wenn er gar mit den Knien lenkt). Fig. 7 zeigt beispielhaft eine Schaltung eines Streifensensors mit Elektronik. Nach der Gleichrichtung der Versorgungsspannung wird damit ein RC-Oszillator betrieben (z.B. mit Schmitt-Trigger- Inverter), dessen resistive und/oder kapazitive Komponente auf die Umschließung mit einer Hand und den dabei auftretenden haptischen Effekten( z.B. Haltekraft) mit einer resultierenden Signalform reagieren. Fig. 8a zeigt einen möglichen Versorgungs- und Fig. 8b einen Auswertestromkreis, der die gemessenen Pegel als PWM ausgibt ( s . Fig. 8c ) .A driver can be charged with an AC signal whose source z. B. from the seat, the door trim, center console, footwell can originate. When touching the steering wheel capacitive couplings are effective. The sensor strips according to the invention rectify the AC voltage and, with this energy, turn on position-determining signalers which are also located on the strip (for example in the form of polymer electronics). These signals can be evaluated elsewhere, it is also possible to forward them over the skin of the driver (Fig.2). The feeding AC voltage is then used as the carrier frequency, which is modulated by the sensor signal. The latter can also be changed by the way (e.g., PWM, dutycycle, etc.) depending on how (and where) the driver tactually (haptically) manipulates the steering wheel (or even steers it with his knees). Fig. 7 shows an example of a circuit of a strip sensor with electronics. After the rectification of the supply voltage, an RC oscillator is thus operated (eg with a Schmitt trigger inverter) whose resistive and / or capacitive component react to the enclosure with one hand and the haptic effects (eg holding force) that occur with a resulting signal form , 8a shows a possible supply circuit and Fig. 8b shows an evaluation circuit which outputs the measured levels as PWM (see Fig. 8c).
Eine Bedienkonsole in einem Kfz kann unterscheidbare Wechselspannungssignale kapazitiv auf die Beine von Fahrer (linker Emitter) oder Beifahrer (rechter Emitter) aufprägen (Fig.9). Die Signale können in Frequenz, Phase oder Modulation unterschiedlich sein. Auf der Konsole befinden sich erfindungsgemäße Bedienelemente, die bei Betätigung neben dem Positionssignal und/oder dem Funktionswert auch das die Bedienperson identifizierende Wechselspannungssignal an eine Auswerteeinrichtung weitergeben. Kapazitive Koppelstellen in der Konsole können die Signale aufnehmen und zu Dekodier- oder Auswerteeinrichtungen weiterleiten. Soll nur ermittelt werden, wer die Bedienelemente betätigt ( Fahrer/Beifahrerunterscheidung) können diese auch konventionell verdrahtet und versorgt werden. In diesem Fall wird das durch Fahrer oder Beifahrer beigebrachte beaufschlagte Wechselspannungssignal zusätzlich zu den Schaltstellungen der Bedienelemente ausgewertet.An operator console in a vehicle can capacitively apply distinctive AC signals to the legs of the driver (left emitter) or passenger (right emitter) (Fig. 9). The Signals can be different in frequency, phase or modulation. On the console are control elements according to the invention, which in addition to the position signal and / or the function value also pass the operator identifying the alternating voltage signal to an evaluation when actuated. Capacitive coupling points in the console can pick up the signals and forward them to decoding or evaluation devices. If it is only necessary to determine who is operating the controls (driver / passenger distinction), these can also be conventionally wired and supplied. In this case, the applied by the driver or passenger applied AC voltage signal is evaluated in addition to the switching positions of the controls.
Erfindungsgemäße Drehschalter können mindestens eine Koppelfläche vorweisen, die von der Drehachse versetzt angeordnet ist (Fig. 2) Je nach Drehstellung (Winkel) ist die Koppelfläche näher an manchen Emitterpunkten als an anderen. Dies bedeutet, dass das resultierende Positionssignal je nach Schalterstellung bestimmbar variiert. Das gleiche gilt für Schiebeschalter. Die Positionssignale entstehen vorzugsweise nur, wenn ein Bediener durch haptische Betätigung (Berührung) den Wechselspannungskreis schließt oder belastet oder eine beaufschlagte Wechselspannung einbringt.Rotary switches according to the invention can exhibit at least one coupling surface which is offset from the axis of rotation (FIG. 2). Depending on the rotational position (angle), the coupling surface is closer to some emitter points than to others. This means that the resulting position signal varies depending on the switch position determinable. The same applies to slide switches. The position signals preferably arise only when an operator closes or loads the AC voltage circuit by haptic actuation (contact) or applies an applied AC voltage.
Es ist möglich in die erfindungsgemäßen Bedienelemente oder in der Bedienblende luminiszierende Stoffe (z.B. Gase, Neon, OLED etc.) einzubringen, die eine Schalter- Stellung/Position optisch anzeigen können (durch leuchten, blitzen oder glimmen). Bei Annäherung einer Hand können diese Stoffe Ihre Helligkeit oder Farbe ändern, weil die Koppelkapazität größer wird. Dies hilft auch, z.B. bei Dunkelheit ein Bedienelement zu finden. Die photonischen Effekte können auch frequenzabhängig sein. Durch optische LCD-Filter können beispielsweise auch darunter liegende Leuchtfarben sichtbar oder verdeckt werden. Die Lichteffekte können auch in Innern einer Bedienblende genutzt werden z.B. zur Triggerung optoelektrischer Bauteile. Es ist auch möglich, die Position des Lichtpunktes im Geräteinnern festzustellen und dadurch ein Bedienelement zu identifizieren . Bedienelemente können auch als Gleitflächen (Regler) ausgelegt sein, z.B. durch einen resistiven Farbauftrag als Koppelfläche (oder anderes flächiges resistive Material). Beim Überstreichen mit dem Finger entstehen positionsbedingte Spannungsabfälle die sich als Stellgrößen erfindungsgemäß auswerten lassen. Die Gleitflächen können innerhalb oder außerhalb der Bedienblende auf diese aufgebracht sein. Je nach Ausführung ist eine ein- zwei oder dreidimensionale Bedienung möglich.It is possible in the controls of the invention or in the control panel to introduce luminescent substances (eg gases, neon, OLED, etc.), which can visually indicate a switch position / position (by light, flash or glow). When approaching a hand, these substances can change their brightness or color because the coupling capacity becomes larger. This also helps, for example, to find a control element in the dark. The photonic effects can also be frequency-dependent. By means of optical LCD filters, it is also possible, for example, to see or hide underlying luminous colors. The light effects can also be used inside a control panel, eg for triggering opto-electrical components. It is also possible to determine the position of the light spot inside the device and thereby identify a control element. Operating elements can also be designed as sliding surfaces (controllers), for example by a resistive ink application as a coupling surface (or other areal resistive material). When stroking with the finger arise positional voltage drops that can be evaluated according to the invention as manipulated variables. The sliding surfaces can be applied inside or outside the control panel on this. Depending on the version, a one- or three-dimensional operation is possible.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Bedienelemente sind auf transparenten Materialien und/oder Flachbildschirmen anbringbar was den Erlebniswert noch steigert.The controls according to the invention can be attached to transparent materials and / or flat screens, which further enhances the experience value.
Piezoeffekte sind in den Bedienelementen erfindungsgemäß zusätzlich nutzbar um Positionssignale oder Stellwerte oder Leuchteffekte zu verstärken.According to the invention, piezoelectric effects can additionally be used in the control elements to amplify position signals or control values or light effects.
Die taktilen Bedienelemente können auch eine Nadel aufweisen, die bei Betätigung durch ein Loch der Bedienblende ins Innere stößt und dadurch eine stärkere Einkopplung von Punkt- (Wechsel-) Ladungen erlaubt. Die Bedienblende kann so auch aus Metall bestehen, dessen Leitfähigkeit auch genutzt werden kann.The tactile controls may also include a needle which, when actuated by a hole in the control panel, pushes into the interior, thereby allowing for greater coupling of point (alternating) charges. The control panel can thus also consist of metal whose conductivity can also be used.
Es ist auch möglich, durch Verwendung von Magneten in den Bedienelementen den haptischen Erlebniswert zu steigern. Sie dienen zum einen zur Arretierung und/oder Auslösung von arretierten Bedienelementen, anderseits ist auch eine magnetisch bedingte Positions- und Funktionsmessung möglich.It is also possible to increase the haptic experience value by using magnets in the controls. They serve on the one hand for locking and / or release of locked controls, on the other hand, a magnetically induced position and function measurement is possible.
Die Weiterleitung gemessener Pegel- Frequenz- oder Phasenverschiebungen an Auswerteeinrichtungen kann digital oder analog erfolgen.The transmission of measured level, frequency or phase shifts to evaluation devices can be digital or analog.
Die erfindungsgemäße Auswerteeinrichtung kann dazu geeignet sein zwischen Annäherung an ein Bedienelement und dessen Berührung durch einen Bediener zu unterscheiden. Die durch diese Unterscheidung generierte Information kann schaltungstechnisch weiter berücksichtigt werden.The evaluation device according to the invention may be suitable for approaching an operating element and its contact to distinguish an operator. The information generated by this distinction can be further considered circuitry.
Es ist möglich, über die Bedienelemente festzustellen, ob der Anwender ein mobiles Kommunikationsgerät, insbesondere ein WLAN- fähiges oder insbesondere mit einem Bluetooth-System ausgestattetes Mobiltelefon mit sich trägt. Über das Bedienelement kann ein Signal generiert werden, das verbindungsrelevante, insbesondere für das Mobiltelefon spezifische Signale erkennt und auf feldelektrischem Wege einer Kommunikationseinheit übermittelt. Dem Anwender können auf Grundlage dieses Konzeptes unmittelbar nach Betätigung der Bedienelemente produktspezifische, oder durch den Zweck des Bedienelementes bestimmte Informationen auf dessen Mobiltelefon, PDA, Blackberry, i-phone oder dgl. zugeführt werden.It is possible to determine via the operating elements whether the user carries a mobile communication device, in particular a WLAN-capable mobile telephone or, in particular, a Bluetooth-equipped mobile telephone. About the control element, a signal can be generated, the connection-relevant, in particular for the mobile phone specific signals detected and transmitted by field electrical means of a communication unit. The user can be supplied on the basis of this concept immediately after pressing the controls product-specific, or determined by the purpose of the control information on the mobile phone, PDA, Blackberry, i-phone or the like.
Die Bedienelemente können als Low-cost Schaltungen ausgeführ und unmittelbar an der Warenverpackung, einer Warenauslage oder einem Bildträger angebracht sein. Die zum Auslesen der Betätigungsinformationen vorgesehene Elektrodenstruktur ist vorzugsweise so angeordnet, dass durch den Anwender eine wirkungsvolle Feldüberbrückung erreicht wird.The controls can be designed as low-cost circuits and attached directly to the goods packaging, a merchandise display or an image carrier. The electrode structure provided for reading the actuating information is preferably arranged such that an effective field bridging is achieved by the user.
Die erfindungsgemäße Bedienelementschaltung kann insbesondere als Unterfunktionsbaugruppe eines WLANS-Systems fungieren und hierbei dazu dienen durch intuitiv sicher beherrschbare Tätigkeiten - z.B. das Berühren eines auf einer Verpackung angeordneten Knopfsysmbols - komplexere Signal- und Datentransfervorgänge abzuwickeln.The control element circuit according to the invention can, in particular, function as a sub-functional subassembly of a WLANS system and can serve this purpose by intuitively securely controllable activities - e.g. Touching a Button Icon on a Package - Handling more complex signal and data transfer operations.
Die vorgenannte Low-Cost Schaltung kann insbesondere als gedruckte Schaltung ausgeführt sein die sich unmittelbar auf der Ware, bzw.- Warenverpackung befindet. The aforementioned low-cost circuit can be designed in particular as a printed circuit which is located directly on the goods, or goods packaging.
Claims
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DE102006019954 | 2006-05-01 | ||
PCT/EP2007/003907 WO2007124955A2 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2007-05-02 | Haptic input device |
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