EP2010398B1 - Method for manufacturing and method for reading a security and/or value document - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing and method for reading a security and/or value document Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2010398B1
EP2010398B1 EP07722267.7A EP07722267A EP2010398B1 EP 2010398 B1 EP2010398 B1 EP 2010398B1 EP 07722267 A EP07722267 A EP 07722267A EP 2010398 B1 EP2010398 B1 EP 2010398B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sequence
lines
characters
character
security document
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EP07722267.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2010398A2 (en
Inventor
Heiko Popp
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Bundesdruckerei GmbH
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Bundesdruckerei GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/004—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using digital security elements, e.g. information coded on a magnetic thread or strip
    • G07D7/0047—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using digital security elements, e.g. information coded on a magnetic thread or strip using checkcodes, e.g. coded numbers derived from serial number and denomination
    • B42D2035/16—

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a value and / or security document having a security element, which is embodied as a graphic representation formed from a plurality of lines, as well as a machine-readable security element, a method for producing such a document, and a method for reading the machine-readable security element.
  • various methods of securing a value and / or security document against counterfeiting in practice are known. These include on the one hand security features that are not or only with relatively high cost reproducible, such as graphical representations, which are formed from a variety of fine lines. These include, in particular, guilloche patterns.
  • security features are known which are exclusively machine-readable. For example, it is from the literature WO 03/051643 A1 It is known to control individual pixels in the context of an ink-jet printing with the proviso that a secret pattern of dots which can not be recognized by the naked eye is produced. This pattern can be recognized with the aid of suitable devices, such as enlargers.
  • the machine reading may be coded with the pattern Information consuming and uncertain, since an exact orientation of the pattern compared to a readout unit is required.
  • a special control of the individual nozzles of an inkjet printhead is required and probably other printing methods than inkjet printing are not or only with considerable effort applicable.
  • machine-readable codes are known from other technological contexts, which consist of a plurality of adjacent lines, the number of adjacent lines, their widths and / or their distances coding for defined characters.
  • a widely used variant of such a machine-readable code is the so-called barcode.
  • a barcode is a relatively broad line that is easily recognized by the human eye. The reading of a barcode takes place in that a scanner scans the sequence of adjacent lines in directions orthogonal to the longitudinal extent of the lines and converts the read-out optical pattern into a character string according to a predetermined algorithm.
  • the invention is therefore the technical problem of specifying a security feature, which is on the one hand equipped with high security, especially not visible to the naked eye, and on the other hand is easily readable by machine. Also, the security feature should be produced with all the usual printing techniques.
  • the invention teaches the method of claim 1.
  • a security feature is created, which on the one hand can be designed so that it is not readily apparent to the naked eye, since the graphic element is perceived as an image and not as a plurality of lines. Modulations of width and / or distance of the lines appear as differences in brightness, whereby the sequence of lines in the sub-area can be integrated into the graphic design as a whole and thus hidden from the human eye.
  • the invention is based on the finding that the smallest differences in width and / or spacing of a sequence of lines are detected by means of mechanical read-out devices with respect to the human eye and thus a modulation these quantities can be used for coding information, in particular a character or a string.
  • the invention teaches a method for reading a machine-readable first character string according to claim 7.
  • value and / or security document includes in particular identity cards, passports, ID cards, access control cards, visas, control characters, tickets, driver's licenses, motor vehicle papers, banknotes, checks, and postage stamps.
  • a substrate of a value and / or security document is a carrier structure to which information, images and the like are applied, in particular printed. After that, the surface of the substrate can be provided with a usually transparent cover layer.
  • Suitable materials for a substrate are all customary materials based on paper and / or plastic in question.
  • machine readability means that a security feature is not or not clearly perceptible to the naked eye in order to recognize information represented by the security feature. Rather, apparatus aids are required for the detection. For the detection of the by the Security feature represented or coded information may also be necessary equipment.
  • a graphic element designates a surface or partial surface on the surface of a value and / or security document, which is printed by means of printing that represents a pattern or image to the human eye.
  • Lines are substantially parallel when the angle between adjacent lines is less than 20 °, preferably less than 10 °, most preferably less than 5 °.
  • Parallel lines do not necessarily have to be rectilinear, it is even preferable if the lines are curved lines. Then it is necessary that parallelism in the above sense is guaranteed at least in the sub-area.
  • a partial area denotes a partial area of the graphic element within which the lines run essentially parallel. In this case, a number of lines that is required to code the character or the first character string fall into the subarea.
  • coding refers to a one-to-one correlation between the variables width of lines and spacing of lines with a character or a string.
  • a typical coding is the known barcode.
  • a conversion of a linestring into a character or a string occurs by means of an algorithm which comprises the one-unambiguous correlation.
  • a character can be a letter or a number.
  • a string can contain both letters and numbers.
  • a (first and / or second) string is individualizing if unique to a particular value and / or security document, i. attached to no other document.
  • a string is a spatial and / or temporal sequence of individual characters with a given reading direction.
  • strings are identical if both strings match at the beginning, in the order, and at the end; in particular, identical strings have the same number of characters.
  • a string is partially identical to another string if at least two consecutive characters of one string match a substring of the other string. Otherwise, the strings may have different lengths.
  • a guilloche pattern is a protective line entwined according to defined geometric rules.
  • the lines may be undulating, arcuate, or circular.
  • line density refers to the number of different lines that can be counted within a unit area.
  • a plurality of lines includes the numbers 2 to 10.
  • a plurality of lines includes the numbers of 11 to 10,000, particularly 50 or 100 to 10,000 lines.
  • a guilloche pattern was conventionally made by means of a guilloche machine, for example by engraving a surface.
  • the engraving tool can be moved and controlled in all three spatial directions.
  • the actual pattern is created by movements parallel to the surface.
  • the line width can be generated by movements orthogonal to the surface, since the engraving tool is typically provided with a tapered cutting edge.
  • suitable control of the guilloche machine typically by computer control, line width and / or distance in the subarea can be modulated in accordance with the characters to be coded.
  • it can be reduced and transferred to a glass or metal plate used for printing.
  • the guilloche print can be monochrome or multicolor, for example by intaglio printing.
  • the guilloche pattern is generated on a computer, whereby the width and / or spacing of the lines in the subregion are modulated in accordance with the characters to be coded.
  • the pattern can then be printed or exposed on a film, for example be, by means of which, using phototechnical etching, a transfer of the pattern takes place on the surface of a printing plate.
  • the guilloche pattern generated in the computer may be used to control a laser, moving the laser and printing plate relative to each other, thus introducing the pattern into the surface of a printing plate, eg, by the Computer to Plate Process, also called CTP Process).
  • the laser evaporates the material of the plate, creating a linear depression.
  • the width of the lines can be modulated by modulation of the focus and / or the intensity of the laser beam.
  • the width of the lines in the subregion is between 0.01 and 1 mm, in particular between 0.01 and 0.2 mm. Within these limits, the width may vary or be modulated in the above sense.
  • the line density in the partial region is between 1 line per mm 2 to 100 lines per mm 2 , in particular between 10 lines per mm 2 and 100 lines / mm 2 .
  • the partial area has a defined position and / or orientation with respect to a reference edge of the security and / or security document.
  • the value and / or security document may additionally carry a second and readable second character string, which is correlated with the character or the first character string.
  • the second string may be, for example, a serial number or another individualizing string.
  • the character or the first character string is then a checksum of a second character string attached to the value and / or security document.
  • the first string can also be identical or partially identical to the first string. Then it is further preferred if the first string for the value and / or security document is also individualizing.
  • a check can then be made for the appropriate correlation between the second string and character or first string and thus the validity or invalidity of the value and / or security document are checked, preferably automatically by means of the read-out device ,
  • the passport 1 is provided with a graphic element 2, wherein the graphic element 2 is formed from a plurality of at least in a partial region 3 substantially parallel lines 4, to which a comparative consideration with the FIG. 2 is referenced.
  • the graphic element 2 is formed with a guilloche pattern 2.
  • the guilloche pattern is oversized for reasons of clarity. In fact, the width of the lines is less than 0.1 mm maximum and the line density is higher than 10 lines per mm 2 .
  • FIG. 2 recognizes that arranged in the sub-area 3 lines 4 with respect to widths B1, B2, B3, B4 of the lines 4 are formed with the proviso that the sequence of lines 4 in the sub-area 3, viewed from bottom to top, for a Coded characters.
  • the widths B1, B2, B3, B4 of the lines 4 in the partial area 3 are modulated between 0.01 and 0.1 mm, in accordance with the character to be coded.
  • FIG. 1 It can be seen that the portion 3 with respect to two reference edge 5a, 5b of the value and / or Security document 1 has a defined position and orientation.
  • the character is a checksum of the serial number 6 attached to the value and / or security document 1.
  • Such a value and / or security document 1 can be produced by generating a character as a checksum from the serial number 6 of the value and / or security document 1 and assigning it to the value and / or security document 1. Then, the character or string is converted into the sequence of adjacent lines 4 whose width B (in the embodiment) and / or spacing for the character are coded according to a predetermined code, for example analogous to a barcode. Then, a graphical element 2 of a plurality, in particular a plurality, of lines 4 is created on a computer, wherein in a partial area 3 of the graphic element 2 the sequence of adjacent lines 4 according to 'stage b) is established. By means of the computer, the graphic element 2 is transferred to a printing plate.
  • the value and / or security document 1 or its substrate is then printed with the graphic element 2 from step c), wherein the graphic element 2 and thus the subregion 3 thereof relative to a reference edge 5 or both reference edges 5a, 5b of the value and / or security document 1 is arranged and aligned in position and orientation. This is easily done by aligning the substrate with respect to the printing plate.
  • a reading of the sign can be done by; that the value and / or security document is applied with a reference edge 5a to a stop of a read-out device and b) the sequence of adjacent lines 4 in the sub-region 3 is scanned with a scanner.
  • the sequence of adjacent lines (4) scanned in step b) is analyzed in a step c) with respect to width B of the lines 4 in an evaluation unit and converted into the character according to a predetermined algorithm, for example analogous to the barcode.
  • the character obtained in step c) is displayed in a step d) on a display unit connected to the evaluation unit and / or stored in a memory unit connected to the evaluation unit.
  • a scanner can read the serial number 6 and calculate the checksum therefrom. The result of a comparison of the checksum with the stored character can then be displayed (match / mismatch), whereby the validity is checked.

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  • Finance (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Editing Of Facsimile Originals (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)

Description

Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokument mit einem Sicherheitselement, welches als eine aus einer Mehrzahl von Linien gebildeten graphischen Darstellung ausgeführt ist, sowie einem maschinenlesbaren Sicherheitselement, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Dokumentes, sowie ein Verfahren zur Auslesung des maschinenlesbaren Sicherheitselementes.The invention relates to a value and / or security document having a security element, which is embodied as a graphic representation formed from a plurality of lines, as well as a machine-readable security element, a method for producing such a document, and a method for reading the machine-readable security element.

Stand der Technik und Hintergrund der Erfindung.Prior art and background of the invention.

Grundsätzlich sind verschiedene Methoden der Sicherung eines Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokumentes gegen Fälschungen aus der Praxis bekannt. Hierzu gehören einerseits Sicherheitsmerkmale, die nicht oder nur mit vergleichsweise hohem Aufwand reproduzierbar sind, wie graphische Darstellungen, die aus einer Vielzahl feiner Linien gebildet sind. Hierzu gehören insbesondere Guillochenmuster. Andererseits sind Sicherheitsmerkmale bekannt, die ausschließlich maschinenlesbar sind. Beispielsweise ist es aus der Literaturstelle WO 03/051643 A1 bekannt, einzelne Pixel im Rahmen eines Tintenstrahldruckes mit der Maßgabe anzusteuern, dass ein geheimes und mit blossem Auge nicht erkennbares Muster aus Punkten entsteht. Dieses Muster läßt sich unter Zuhilfenahme von geeigneten Geräten, beispielsweise Vergrößerungsgeräten, erkennen. Dabei ist die maschinelle Auslesung eventuell mit dem Muster codierter Informationen aufwändig und unsicher, da eine exakte Orientierung des Musters gegenüber einer Ausleseeinheit erforderlich ist. Zudem ist eine besondere Steuerung der einzelnen Düsen eines Tintenstrahldruckkopfes erforderlich und vermutlich sind andere Druckverfahren als Tintenstrahldruck nicht oder nur unter erheblichem Aufwand einsetzbar.Basically, various methods of securing a value and / or security document against counterfeiting in practice are known. These include on the one hand security features that are not or only with relatively high cost reproducible, such as graphical representations, which are formed from a variety of fine lines. These include, in particular, guilloche patterns. On the other hand, security features are known which are exclusively machine-readable. For example, it is from the literature WO 03/051643 A1 It is known to control individual pixels in the context of an ink-jet printing with the proviso that a secret pattern of dots which can not be recognized by the naked eye is produced. This pattern can be recognized with the aid of suitable devices, such as enlargers. The machine reading may be coded with the pattern Information consuming and uncertain, since an exact orientation of the pattern compared to a readout unit is required. In addition, a special control of the individual nozzles of an inkjet printhead is required and probably other printing methods than inkjet printing are not or only with considerable effort applicable.

Aus der Praxis sind aus anderen technologischen Zusammenhängen maschinenlesbare Codes bekannt, die aus einer Mehrzahl von benachbarten Linien bestehen, wobei die Anzahl der benachbarten Linien, deren Breiten und/oder deren Abstände für definierte Zeichen codieren. Eine weit verbreitete Variante eines solchen maschinenlesbaren Codes ist der sogenannte Barcode. Bei einem Barcode handelt es sich um relativ breite Linien, welche mit dem menschlichen Auge unschwer zu erkennen sind. Die Auslesung eines Barcodes erfolgt, indem ein Scanner in Richtungen orthogonal zur Längserstreckung der Linien die Folge benachbarter Linien abtastet und das ausgelesene optische Muster nach einem vorgegebenen Algorithmus in eine Zeichenfolge umwandelt.In practice, machine-readable codes are known from other technological contexts, which consist of a plurality of adjacent lines, the number of adjacent lines, their widths and / or their distances coding for defined characters. A widely used variant of such a machine-readable code is the so-called barcode. A barcode is a relatively broad line that is easily recognized by the human eye. The reading of a barcode takes place in that a scanner scans the sequence of adjacent lines in directions orthogonal to the longitudinal extent of the lines and converts the read-out optical pattern into a character string according to a predetermined algorithm.

Grundsätzlich besteht ein ständiger Bedarf an verbesserten maschinenlesbaren Sicherheitsmerkmalen, wobei die Sicherheitsmerkmale mit dem menschlichen Auge nicht oder nur sehr schwer erkennbar sein sollen. Auch soll die Reproduktionsgenauigkeit herkömmlicher Reproduktionsgeräte, insbesondere Fotokopierer, nicht hinreichend für eine hinreichende Reproduktion sein.Basically, there is a constant need for improved machine-readable security features, the security features with the human eye are not or only very difficult to see. Also, the reproduction accuracy of conventional reproduction equipment, especially photocopiers, should not be sufficient for adequate reproduction.

Aus der Literaturstelle WO92/05521 A ist ein Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bekannt.From the literature WO92 / 05521 A a method according to the preamble of claim 1 is known.

Technisches Problem der Erfindung.Technical problem of the invention.

Der Erfindung liegt daher das technische Problem zu Grunde, ein Sicherheitsmerkmal anzugeben, welches einerseits mit hoher Sicherheit ausgestattet ist, insbesondere nicht mit blossem Auge erkennbar ist, und andererseits leicht maschinell auslesbar ist. Auch soll das Sicherheitsmerkmal mit allen üblichen Drucktechniken herstellbar sein.The invention is therefore the technical problem of specifying a security feature, which is on the one hand equipped with high security, especially not visible to the naked eye, and on the other hand is easily readable by machine. Also, the security feature should be produced with all the usual printing techniques.

Grundzüge der Erfindung.Broad features of the invention.

Zur Lösung dieses technischen Problems lehrt die Erfindung das Verfahren des Anspruchs 1.To solve this technical problem, the invention teaches the method of claim 1.

Mit der Erfindung wird ein Sicherheitsmerkmal geschaffen, welches einerseits so ausgebildet sein kann, dass es nicht ohne weiteres und mit blossem Auge erkennbar ist, da das graphische Element als Bild aufgefasst wird und nicht als eine Vielzahl von Linien. Dabei erscheinen Modulationen von Breite und/oder Abstand der Linien als Helligkeitsunterschiede, wodurch die Folge der Linien in dem Teilbereich in die graphische Gestaltung insgesamt integriert und so dem menschlichen Auge verborgen werden kann.With the invention, a security feature is created, which on the one hand can be designed so that it is not readily apparent to the naked eye, since the graphic element is perceived as an image and not as a plurality of lines. Modulations of width and / or distance of the lines appear as differences in brightness, whereby the sequence of lines in the sub-area can be integrated into the graphic design as a whole and thus hidden from the human eye.

Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, dass mittels maschineller Auslesevorrichtungen gegenüber dem menschlichen Auge kleinste Unterschiede in Breite und/oder Abstand einer Folge von Linien detektiert werden und so eine Modulation dieser Größen zur Codierung einer Information, insbesondere eines Zeichens oder einer Zeichenfolge, genutzt werden kann.The invention is based on the finding that the smallest differences in width and / or spacing of a sequence of lines are detected by means of mechanical read-out devices with respect to the human eye and thus a modulation these quantities can be used for coding information, in particular a character or a string.

Des weiteren lehrt die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Auslesung einer maschinenlesbaren ersten Zeichenfolge gemäß Anspruch 7.Furthermore, the invention teaches a method for reading a machine-readable first character string according to claim 7.

Definitionendefinitions

Der Begriff des Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokumentes umfasst insbesondere Personalausweise, Reisepässe, ID-Karten, Zugangskontrollausweise, Visa, Steuerzeichen, Tickets, Führerscheine, Kraftfahrzeugpapiere, Banknoten, Schecks, sowie Postwertzeichen.The term value and / or security document includes in particular identity cards, passports, ID cards, access control cards, visas, control characters, tickets, driver's licenses, motor vehicle papers, banknotes, checks, and postage stamps.

Ein Substrat eines Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokumentes ist eine Trägerstruktur, auf welche Informationen, Bilder und dergleichen aufgebracht, insbesondere gedruckt, werden. Hiernach kann die Oberfläche des Substrates mit einer in der Regel transparenten Deckschicht versehen werden. Als Materialien für ein Substrat kommen alle fachüblichen Werkstoffe auf Papier- und/oder Kunststoffbasis in Frage.A substrate of a value and / or security document is a carrier structure to which information, images and the like are applied, in particular printed. After that, the surface of the substrate can be provided with a usually transparent cover layer. Suitable materials for a substrate are all customary materials based on paper and / or plastic in question.

Der Begriff der Maschinenlesbarkeit meint im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass ein Sicherheitsmerkmal mit bloßem Auge nicht oder nicht hinreichend deutlich wahrnehmbar ist, um eine durch das Sicherheitsmerkmal dargestellte Information zu erkennen. Vielmehr sind für die Erkennung apparative Hilfsmittel erforderlich. Für die Erkennung der durch das Sicherheitsmerkmal dargestellten oder codierten Information können ebenfalls apparative Hilfsmittel notwendig sein.In the context of the invention, the term "machine readability" means that a security feature is not or not clearly perceptible to the naked eye in order to recognize information represented by the security feature. Rather, apparatus aids are required for the detection. For the detection of the by the Security feature represented or coded information may also be necessary equipment.

Ein graphisches Element bezeichnet eine Fläche oder Teilfläche auf der Oberfläche einer Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokumentes welche mittels so bedruckt ist, dass der Druck dem menschlichen Auge ein Muster oder Bild darstellt.A graphic element designates a surface or partial surface on the surface of a value and / or security document, which is printed by means of printing that represents a pattern or image to the human eye.

Linien verlaufen im wesentlichen parallel, wenn der Winkel zwischen zueinander benachbarten Linien weniger als 20°, vorzugsweise weniger als 10°, höchstvorzugsweise weniger als 5°, beträgt. Parallele Linien müssen nicht notwendigerweise geradlinig sein, es ist sogar bevorzugt, wenn die Linien Kurvenlinien sind. Dann ist es erforderlich, dass Parallelität im vorstehenden Sinne jedenfalls im Teilbereich gewährleistet ist.Lines are substantially parallel when the angle between adjacent lines is less than 20 °, preferably less than 10 °, most preferably less than 5 °. Parallel lines do not necessarily have to be rectilinear, it is even preferable if the lines are curved lines. Then it is necessary that parallelism in the above sense is guaranteed at least in the sub-area.

Ein Teilbereich bezeichnet eine Teilfläche des graphischen Elementes, innerhalb derer die Linien im wesentlichen parallel verlaufen. Dabei fallen in den Teilbereich eine Anzahl an Linien, die erforderlich ist, das Zeichen oder die erste Zeichenfolge zu codieren.A partial area denotes a partial area of the graphic element within which the lines run essentially parallel. In this case, a number of lines that is required to code the character or the first character string fall into the subarea.

Der Begriff der Codierung bezeichnet eine ein-eindeutige Korrelation zwischen den Variablen Breite der Linien und Abstand der Linien mit einem Zeichen oder einer Zeichenfolge. Eine typische Codierung ist der bekannte Barcode. Eine Umwandlung einer Linienfolge in ein Zeichen oder eine Zeichenfolge erfolgt mittels eine Algorithmus, welches die ein-eindeutige Korrelation umfasst.The term coding refers to a one-to-one correlation between the variables width of lines and spacing of lines with a character or a string. A typical coding is the known barcode. A conversion of a linestring into a character or a string occurs by means of an algorithm which comprises the one-unambiguous correlation.

Ein Zeichen kann insbesondere ein Buchstabe oder eine Zahl sein. Eine Zeichenfolge kann sowohl Buchstaben als auch Zahlen enthalten.In particular, a character can be a letter or a number. A string can contain both letters and numbers.

Eine (erste und/oder zweite) Zeichenfolge ist individualisierend, wenn sie für ein bestimmtes Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokument einzigartig ist, i.e. bei keinem anderen Dokument angebracht ist.A (first and / or second) string is individualizing if unique to a particular value and / or security document, i. attached to no other document.

Eine Zeichenfolge ist eine räumliche und/oder zeitliche Aneinanderreihung von einzelnen Zeichen mit vorgegebener Leserichtung.A string is a spatial and / or temporal sequence of individual characters with a given reading direction.

Zeichenfolgen sind identisch, wenn beide Zeichenfolgen sowohl am Anfang, in der Reihenfolge, sowie am Ende übereinstimmen, insbesondere haben identische Zeichenfolgen die gleiche Anzahl von Zeichen. Eine Zeichenfolge ist mit einer anderen Zeichenfolge teilidentisch, wenn zumindest zwei aufeinander folgende Zeichen der einen Zeichenfolge mit einer Teilfolge der anderen Zeichenfolge übereinstimmen. Ansonsten können die Zeichenfolgen unterschiedliche Längen aufweisen.Strings are identical if both strings match at the beginning, in the order, and at the end; in particular, identical strings have the same number of characters. A string is partially identical to another string if at least two consecutive characters of one string match a substring of the other string. Otherwise, the strings may have different lengths.

Ein Guillochenmuster ist ein nach definierten geometrischen Regeln verschlungenes Schutzlinienwerk. Die Linien können beispielsweise wellen-, bogen-, oder kreislinienförmig verlaufen.A guilloche pattern is a protective line entwined according to defined geometric rules. For example, the lines may be undulating, arcuate, or circular.

Der Begriff der Liniendichte bezeichnet die Anzahl von verschiedenen Linien, die innerhalb einer Flächeneinheit zählbar ist.The term line density refers to the number of different lines that can be counted within a unit area.

Eine Mehrzahl von Linien umfasst die Anzahlen 2 bis 10. Eine Vielzahl von Linien umfasst die Anzahlen von 11 bis 10000, insbesondere 50 oder 100 bis 10000, Linien.A plurality of lines includes the numbers 2 to 10. A plurality of lines includes the numbers of 11 to 10,000, particularly 50 or 100 to 10,000 lines.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der ErfindungPreferred embodiments of the invention

Ein Guillochenmuster wurde klassischerweise mittels einer Guillochiermaschine hergestellt, beispielsweise durch Gravur einer Oberfläche. Dabei ist das Gravurwerkzeug in allen drei Raumrichtungen beweg- und ansteuerbar. Das eigentliche Muster wird durch Bewegungen parallel zur Oberfläche erzeugt. Die Linienbreite kann durch Bewegungen orthogonal zur Oberfläche erzeugt werden, da das Gravurwerkzeug typischerweise mit einer konisch verlaufenden Schneide versehen ist. Durch geeignete Steuerung der Guillochiermaschine, typischerweise durch Computersteuerung, lassen sich so Linienbreite und/oder Abstand in dem Teilbereich nach Maßgabe der zu codierenden Zeichen modulieren. Mit Erstellung einer Film- oder Folienkopie kann eine Verkleinerung und Übertragung auf eine zum Druck verwendete Glas- oder Metallplatte erfolgen.A guilloche pattern was conventionally made by means of a guilloche machine, for example by engraving a surface. The engraving tool can be moved and controlled in all three spatial directions. The actual pattern is created by movements parallel to the surface. The line width can be generated by movements orthogonal to the surface, since the engraving tool is typically provided with a tapered cutting edge. By suitable control of the guilloche machine, typically by computer control, line width and / or distance in the subarea can be modulated in accordance with the characters to be coded. When making a film or slide copy, it can be reduced and transferred to a glass or metal plate used for printing.

Der Guillochendruck kann einfarbig oder mehrfarbig erfolgen, beispielsweise mittels Intaglio Druck. Heutzutage wird das Guillochenmuster auf einem Computer generiert, wobei Breite und/oder Abstand der Linien im Teilbereich nach Maßgabe der zu codierenden Zeichen moduliert werden. Das Muster kann dann beispielsweise auf eine Folie ausgedruckt bzw. belichtet werden, mittels welcher unter Einsatz phototechnischer Ätzverfahren eine Übertragung des Musters auf die Oberfläche einer Druckplatte erfolgt. Weiterhin alternativ kann das im Computer erzeugte Guillochenmuster zur Steuerung eines Lasers verwendet werden, wobei Laser und Druckplatte relativ zueinander bewegt und so das Muster in die Oberfläche einer Druckplatte eingebracht wird, z.B. mittels des Computer to Plate Process, auch CTP Process genannt). Der Laser verdampft dabei das Material der Platte, so dass eine linienförmige Vertiefung entsteht. Die Breite der Linien kann dabei durch Modulation der Fokussierung und/oder der Intensität des Laserstrahles moduliert werden.The guilloche print can be monochrome or multicolor, for example by intaglio printing. Nowadays, the guilloche pattern is generated on a computer, whereby the width and / or spacing of the lines in the subregion are modulated in accordance with the characters to be coded. The pattern can then be printed or exposed on a film, for example be, by means of which, using phototechnical etching, a transfer of the pattern takes place on the surface of a printing plate. Still alternatively, the guilloche pattern generated in the computer may be used to control a laser, moving the laser and printing plate relative to each other, thus introducing the pattern into the surface of a printing plate, eg, by the Computer to Plate Process, also called CTP Process). The laser evaporates the material of the plate, creating a linear depression. The width of the lines can be modulated by modulation of the focus and / or the intensity of the laser beam.

Bevorzugt ist es, wenn die Breite der Linien in dem Teilbereich zwischen 0,01 und 1 mm, insbesondere zwischen 0,01 und 0,2 mm, liegt. Innerhalb dieser Grenzen kann die Breite variieren bzw. im vorstehenden Sinne moduliert sein.It is preferred if the width of the lines in the subregion is between 0.01 and 1 mm, in particular between 0.01 and 0.2 mm. Within these limits, the width may vary or be modulated in the above sense.

Weiterhin bevorzugt ist es, wenn die Liniendichte im Teilbereich zwischen 1 Linie je mm2 bis 100 Linien je mm2, insbesondere zwischen 10 Linien je mm2 und 100 Linien /mm2 beträgt.It is further preferred if the line density in the partial region is between 1 line per mm 2 to 100 lines per mm 2 , in particular between 10 lines per mm 2 and 100 lines / mm 2 .

Der Teilbereich weist gegenüber einer Bezugskante des Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokumentes eine definierte Position und/oder Ausrichtung auf. Dadurch kann eine Auslesung lediglich durch Anschlag der Bezugskante an eine Anschlagkante der Auslesevorrichtung erfolgen, da der Teilbereich dann ohne Weiteres in den Auslesebereich, der Auslesevorrichtung positioniert wird. Es wird sich empfehlen, dass die Positionierung des Dokumentes gegenüber der Auslesevorrichtung in zwei Dimensionen, bezogen auf die Oberfläche des Dokumentes, erfolgt.The partial area has a defined position and / or orientation with respect to a reference edge of the security and / or security document. As a result, a readout can only take place by abutment of the reference edge against a stop edge of the read-out device, since the sub-region is then readily positioned in the read-out region, the read-out device. It will be recommended that the positioning of the document in relation to the Read-out device in two dimensions, based on the surface of the document takes place.

Das Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokument kann zusätzlich eine maschinen- und/oder personenlesbare zweite Zeichenfolge tragen, welche mit dem Zeichen oder der ersten Zeichenfolge korreliert ist. Als zweite Zeichenfolge kommt beispielsweise eine Seriennummer oder eine andere individualisierende Zeichenfolge in Frage. In einer besonders einfachen Variante der Erfindung ist das Zeichen oder die erste Zeichenfolge dann eine Prüfsumme einer auf dem Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokument angebrachten zweiten Zeichenfolge. Die erste Zeichenfolge kann aber auch mit der ersten Zeichenfolge identisch oder teilidentisch sein. Dann ist es weiterhin bevorzugt, wenn die erste Zeichenfolge für das Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokument ebenfalls individualisierend ist. Durch Auslesung auch der zweiten Zeichenfolge, beispielsweise mittels eines Scanners, kann dann eine Überprüfung auf zutreffende Korrelation zwischen zweiter Zeichenfolge und Zeichen bzw. erster Zeichenfolge erfolgen und so die Validität oder Invalidität des Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokumentes überprüft werden, vorzugsweise automatisch mittels der Auslesevorrichtung.The value and / or security document may additionally carry a second and readable second character string, which is correlated with the character or the first character string. The second string may be, for example, a serial number or another individualizing string. In a particularly simple variant of the invention, the character or the first character string is then a checksum of a second character string attached to the value and / or security document. The first string can also be identical or partially identical to the first string. Then it is further preferred if the first string for the value and / or security document is also individualizing. By reading the second string, for example by means of a scanner, a check can then be made for the appropriate correlation between the second string and character or first string and thus the validity or invalidity of the value and / or security document are checked, preferably automatically by means of the read-out device ,

Im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, ist es bevorzugt, dass das graphische Element auf das Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokument oder auf ein Substrat des Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokumentes aufgedruckt wird. Als Druckverfahren kommen beispielsweise in Frage: Offsetdruck, Siebdruck, Tintenstrahldruck, Rastertiefdruck, (Stahl- oder Kupfer-) Stichtiefdruck, Flexodruck, Gravurdruck und Buchdruck Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von lediglich Ausführungsformen darstellenden Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1:
einen Reisepass mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitsmerkmal,
Fig. 2:
einen Teilausschnitt aus dem Gegenstand der Figur 1.
In the context of the method according to the invention, it is preferred that the graphic element is printed on the security and / or security document or on a substrate of the security and / or security document. Suitable printing methods are, for example: offset printing, screen printing, inkjet printing, gravure printing, (steel or copper) intaglio printing, flexographic printing, gravure printing and letterpress printing In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to figures showing only embodiments. Show it:
Fig. 1:
a passport with a security feature according to the invention,
Fig. 2:
a partial section of the subject of FIG. 1 ,

In der Figur 1 erkennt man zunächst, dass der Reisepass 1 mit einem graphischen Element 2 versehen ist, wobei das graphische Element 2 aus einer Mehrzahl von zumindest in einem Teilbereich 3 im wesentlichen parallel verlaufenden Linien 4 gebildet ist, wozu auf eine vergleichende Betrachtung mit der Figur 2 verwiesen wird. Das graphische Element 2 ist mit einen Guillochenmuster 2 gebildet. Das Guillochenmuster ist dabei aus Gründen der besseren Darstellung übertrieben grob gezeichnet. Tatsächlich beträgt die Breite der Linien weniger als maximal 0,1 mm und die Liniendichte ist höher als 10 Linien je mm2.In the FIG. 1 one recognizes first that the passport 1 is provided with a graphic element 2, wherein the graphic element 2 is formed from a plurality of at least in a partial region 3 substantially parallel lines 4, to which a comparative consideration with the FIG. 2 is referenced. The graphic element 2 is formed with a guilloche pattern 2. The guilloche pattern is oversized for reasons of clarity. In fact, the width of the lines is less than 0.1 mm maximum and the line density is higher than 10 lines per mm 2 .

Insbesondere in der Figur 2 erkennt man, dass in dem Teilbereich 3 angeordneten Linien 4 in Hinblick auf Breiten B1, B2, B3, B4 der Linien 4 mit der Maßgabe ausgebildet sind, dass die Folge der Linien 4 in dem Teilbereich 3, betrachtet von unten nach oben, für ein Zeichen codiert. Die Breiten B1, B2, B3, B4 der Linien 4 in dem Teilbereich 3 sind dabei zwischen 0,01 und 0,1 mm, nach Maßgabe des zu codierenden Zeichens moduliert.Especially in the FIG. 2 recognizes that arranged in the sub-area 3 lines 4 with respect to widths B1, B2, B3, B4 of the lines 4 are formed with the proviso that the sequence of lines 4 in the sub-area 3, viewed from bottom to top, for a Coded characters. The widths B1, B2, B3, B4 of the lines 4 in the partial area 3 are modulated between 0.01 and 0.1 mm, in accordance with the character to be coded.

Wiederum der Figur 1 ist zu entnehmen, dass der Teilbereich 3 gegenüber zwei Bezugskante 5a, 5b des Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokumentes 1 eine definierte Position und Ausrichtung aufweist. Zusätzlich ist eine maschinen- und personenlesbare zweite Zeichenfolge 6, eine Seriennummer 6, eingerichtet, welche mit dem Zeichen korreliert. Dabei handelt es sich bei dem Zeichen um eine Prüfsumme der auf dem Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokument 1 angebrachten Seriennummer 6.Again the FIG. 1 It can be seen that the portion 3 with respect to two reference edge 5a, 5b of the value and / or Security document 1 has a defined position and orientation. In addition, a second and readable machine string 6, a serial number 6, is set up, which correlates with the character. The character is a checksum of the serial number 6 attached to the value and / or security document 1.

Ein solches Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokument 1 läßt sich herstellen, indem aus der Seriennummer 6 des Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokument 1 ein Zeichen als Prüfsumme generiert und dem Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokument 1 zugeordnet wird. Dann wird das Zeichen oder die Zeichenfolge in die Folge von benachbarten Linien 4 umgewandelt, deren Breite B (im Ausführungsbeispiel) und/oder Abstand für das Zeichen nach einem vorgegebenen Code, beispielsweise analog einem Barcode, codiert. Dann wird ein graphisches Element 2 aus einer Mehrzahl, insbesondere einer Vielzahl, von Linien 4 auf einem Computer erstellt, wobei in einem Teilbereich 3 des graphischen Elementes 2 die Folge von benachbarten Linien 4 gemäß' Stufe b) eingerichtet ist. Mittels des Computers wird das graphische Element 2 auf eine Druckplatte übertragen. Das Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokument 1 bzw. dessen Substrat wird dann mit dem graphischen Element 2 aus Stufe c) bedruckt, wobei das graphische Element 2 und somit der Teilbereich 3 desselben gegenüber einer Bezugskante 5 bzw. beiden Bezugskanten 5a, 5b des Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokumentes 1 in Position und Ausrichtung definiert angeordnet und ausgerichtet ist. Dies erfolgt unschwer durch Ausrichtung des Substrates gegenüber der Druckplatte.Such a value and / or security document 1 can be produced by generating a character as a checksum from the serial number 6 of the value and / or security document 1 and assigning it to the value and / or security document 1. Then, the character or string is converted into the sequence of adjacent lines 4 whose width B (in the embodiment) and / or spacing for the character are coded according to a predetermined code, for example analogous to a barcode. Then, a graphical element 2 of a plurality, in particular a plurality, of lines 4 is created on a computer, wherein in a partial area 3 of the graphic element 2 the sequence of adjacent lines 4 according to 'stage b) is established. By means of the computer, the graphic element 2 is transferred to a printing plate. The value and / or security document 1 or its substrate is then printed with the graphic element 2 from step c), wherein the graphic element 2 and thus the subregion 3 thereof relative to a reference edge 5 or both reference edges 5a, 5b of the value and / or security document 1 is arranged and aligned in position and orientation. This is easily done by aligning the substrate with respect to the printing plate.

Eine Auslesung des Zeichens kann dadurch erfolgen; dass das Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokument mit einer Bezugskante 5a an einen Anschlag einer Auslesevorrichtung angelegt und b) mit einem Scanner die Folge von benachbarten Linien 4 in dem Teilbereich 3 abgetastet wird. Die in Stufe b) abgetastete Folge von benachbarten Linien (4) wird in einer Stufe c) in Hinblick auf Breite B der Linien 4 in einer Auswerteeinheit analysiert und nach einem vorgegebenen Algorithmus, beispielsweise analog dem Barcode, in das Zeichen umgewandelt. Das in Stufe c) erhaltene Zeichen wird in einer Stufe d) auf einer mit der Auswerteeinheit verbundenen Anzeigeeinheit zur Anzeige gebracht und/oder in einer mit der Auswerteeinheit verbundenen Speichereinheit abgespeichert. Zusätzlich kann ein Scanner die Seriennummer 6 auslesen und hieraus die Prüfsumme berechnen. Das Ergebnis eines Vergleiches der Prüfsumme mit dem abgespeicherten Zeichen kann dann angezeigt werden (Übereinstimmung/Nicht-Übereinstimmung), wodurch die Validität geprüft ist.A reading of the sign can be done by; that the value and / or security document is applied with a reference edge 5a to a stop of a read-out device and b) the sequence of adjacent lines 4 in the sub-region 3 is scanned with a scanner. The sequence of adjacent lines (4) scanned in step b) is analyzed in a step c) with respect to width B of the lines 4 in an evaluation unit and converted into the character according to a predetermined algorithm, for example analogous to the barcode. The character obtained in step c) is displayed in a step d) on a display unit connected to the evaluation unit and / or stored in a memory unit connected to the evaluation unit. In addition, a scanner can read the serial number 6 and calculate the checksum therefrom. The result of a comparison of the checksum with the stored character can then be displayed (match / mismatch), whereby the validity is checked.

Claims (7)

  1. A method for manufacturing a valuable and/or security document (1) comprising a graphic element (2), the graphic element (2) being formed of a plurality of lines (4) extending substantially in parallel at least in a partial section (3), the lines (4) arranged in the partial section (3) being configured in view of width (B1, B2, B3, B4) and/or distance (A) with the proviso that a sequence of the lines (4) in the partial section encodes a character or a first sequence of characters, comprising the following steps:
    a) a character or a sequence of characters is assigned to the valuable and/or security document (1),
    b) the character or the sequence of characters is transformed into a sequence of adjacent lines (4), the width (B) and/or distance (A) of which encodes the character or the sequence of characters according to a predetermined code,
    characterized by the following steps:
    c) a Guilloche pattern (2) is prepared as a graphic element (2) from a plurality, in particular a multiplicity of lines (4), in a partial section (3) of the graphic element (2) the sequence of adjacent lines (4) according to step b) being provided,
    d) the valuable and/or security document is imprinted with the graphic element (2) of step c), the graphic element (2) and thus the partial section (3) thereof being arranged in a defined position and orientation with respect to a reference edge (5a) or two reference edges (5a, 5b) of the valuable and/or security document (1).
  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the width (B1, B2, B3, B4) of the lines (4) in the partial section (3) is between 0.01 and 1 mm, in particular between 0.01 and 0.2 mm.
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the partial section (3) has a defined position and orientation with respect to a reference edge (5a) or two reference edges (5a, 5b) of the valuable and/or security document (1).
  4. The method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the valuable and/or security document (1) in addition carries a machine- and/or person-readable second sequence of characters, which is correlated with the character or the first sequence of characters.
  5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the character or the first sequence of characters is a checksum of a second sequence of characters (6) provided on the valuable and/or security document.
  6. The method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first sequence of characters is individualized for the valuable and/or security document.
  7. A method for reading a character or a sequence of characters from a valuable and/or security document (1) comprising a graphic element (2), the graphic element (2) being formed of a plurality of lines (4) extending substantially in parallel at least in a partial section (3), the lines (4) arranged in the partial section (3) being configured in view of width (B1, B2, B3, B4) and/or distance (A) with the proviso that a sequence of the lines (4) in the partial section encodes a character or a first sequence of characters, the graphic element (2) being a Guilloche pattern (2), characterized by the following steps:
    a) the valuable and/or security document (1) is placed with a reference edge (5a) against a stop of a reading device,
    b) by a scanner, a sequence of adjacent lines (4) in a partial section (3) of a graphic element (2) arranged on the valuable and/or security document (1) and configured as a Guilloche pattern is scanned,
    c) the sequence of adjacent, lines (4) scanned in step b) is analyzed in view of width (B) and/or distance (A) of the lines (4) in an evaluation unit and transformed according to a predetermined algorithm into a character or a sequence of characters,
    d) the character or the sequence of characters obtained in step c) is displayed on a display unit connected to the evaluation unit and/or is stored in a storage unit connected to the evaluation unit.
EP07722267.7A 2006-04-25 2007-04-20 Method for manufacturing and method for reading a security and/or value document Active EP2010398B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102006019616A DE102006019616A1 (en) 2006-04-25 2006-04-25 Security and / or value document
PCT/DE2007/000709 WO2007121726A2 (en) 2006-04-25 2007-04-20 Security and/or value document

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EP2010398A2 EP2010398A2 (en) 2009-01-07
EP2010398B1 true EP2010398B1 (en) 2014-08-13

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WO (1) WO2007121726A2 (en)

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DE102008012421B3 (en) 2008-02-29 2009-06-04 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Value and / or security document with a fine line pattern and method for its production
DE102009058603A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-22 Giesecke & Devrient GmbH, 81677 Value document system and method of manufacturing the same
DE202012000806U1 (en) 2011-05-20 2012-10-29 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Value and / or security document with encoded information
DE102014005801A1 (en) * 2014-04-15 2015-10-15 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Numbered data carriers and methods for their production
EP3465637B9 (en) 2016-06-03 2024-08-28 Veridas Digital Authentication Solutions, S.L. A method for authenticating a document
EP3459757B8 (en) * 2017-09-26 2021-10-27 Thales Dis France SA Method for generating variable guilloche patterns, implementing device and identity document comprising such patterns
EP3459755A1 (en) 2017-09-26 2019-03-27 Gemalto Sa Method for inserting guilloche patterns, method for extracting guilloche patterns, authentication method for said guilloche patterns and implementation devices

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NL9002071A (en) * 1990-09-21 1991-02-01 Nl Bank Nv A BANKNOTE WITH BAR CODE.
WO2003051643A1 (en) 2001-12-18 2003-06-26 Nanosolutions Gmbh Printing method with coded individual control of nozzles

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