EP2009184B1 - Method for calculating the radial enlargement and/or concentration of hydraulically binding material of DSV bodies - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.

So-called DSV bodies are produced by means of the jet-blasting method, a proven method in special civil engineering for solidification of the substrate in which a water / binder suspension is introduced into the underground from a subterranean rotating or pivoted drill pipe at high pressure. The drill pipe is thereby moved starting from a maximum longitudinal extent, in particular a maximum depth, of the DSV column in the direction of the wellbore, whereby a column is formed. Depending on the system, it is only possible to a limited extent to determine the actual strength and extent of such a DSV column, since DSV columns can be produced down to depths of 20 meters and more. It is therefore provided for quality control at least a so-called. Probesäule dig after their preparation in areas to determine their dimensions. However, this has a wealth of disadvantages. Thus, exposing a sample column only makes economic sense or possible to a depth of about four meters. However, since the soil conditions at other depths may differ from the soil conditions in the immediate surface area, this method provides only limited evidence of the extent and strength of the DSV column. In addition, the excavation of a sample column is a very time-consuming endeavor, which slows down the further construction for at least three to five days.

From the EP 1 930 506 A1 a method for testing a bored pile is known.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method of the type mentioned, with which the mentioned disadvantages can be avoided, with which fast, simple, accurate and cost-saving properties, in particular dimensions and quality of the mortar used, can be determined by DSV bodies.

This is achieved by the features of claim 1 according to the invention.

As a result, properties, in particular dimensions and quality of the mortar used, of DSV bodies can be determined quickly, simply, precisely and cost-effectively. As a result, not only the excavation of a test specimen, in particular a sample column, are largely dispensed with, whereby a considerable saving of time and cost reduction can be achieved on the site, but also a much more accurate statement about the quality, therefore the dimensions and / or strength, the generated DSV column. As a result, the safety in civil engineering can be significantly improved, the structural engineer much more realistic data on the ability to support The formed DSV columns are available as determined by the prior art test columns. This can prevent buildings, such as stooping, buildings and / or tunnels, from collapsing, tilting and / or otherwise damaging due to misconfirmed load capacities of DSV columns.

The dependent claims, which as well as the patent claim 1 simultaneously form part of the description, relate to further advantageous embodiments of the invention.

• Fig. 1 ein Ablaufdiagramm einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;
• Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung der Herstellung eines DSV-Körpers;
• Fig. 3 die Anordnung eines Temperatursensors in einem DSV-Körper;
• Fig. 4 ein Ablaufdiagramm einer zweiten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;
• Fig. 5 eine erste Mehrzahl an Temperaturvergleichskurven über der Zeit;
• Fig. 6 eine zweite Mehrzahl an Temperaturvergleichskurven über der Zeit;
• Fig. 7 die Wärmeleitfähigkeit eines Bodens mit durchschnittlicher Korngröße von 2 mm;
• Fig. 8 eine erfindungsgemäße Bohranordnung für Bodenbohrarbeiten;
• Fig. 9 eine Bohranordnung gemäß Fig. 8 mit einer erfindungsgemäße Rammspitze; und
• Fig. 10 ein DSV-Körper mit einer darin angeordneten Rammspitze.

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which only preferred embodiments are shown by way of example. Showing:

• Fig. 1 a flow diagram of a first preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention;
• Fig. 2 a schematic representation of the production of a DSV body;
• Fig. 3 the arrangement of a temperature sensor in a DSV body;
• Fig. 4 a flow diagram of a second preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention;
• Fig. 5 a first plurality of temperature comparison curves over time;
• Fig. 6 a second plurality of temperature comparison curves over time;
• Fig. 7 the thermal conductivity of a soil with average grain size of 2 mm;
• Fig. 8 a drilling assembly according to the invention for soil drilling;
• Fig. 9 a drilling assembly according to Fig. 8 with a ram tip according to the invention; and
• Fig. 10 a DSV body having a ram tip disposed therein.

The Fig. 1 and 4 show flowcharts of preferred embodiments of a method for determining the radial extent and / or the content of hydraulically binding materials of DSV bodies 8, which are formed by introducing hydraulically binding materials in a bottom region 9, wherein at least a first temperature measurement curve 14 in a predeterminable time range in At least a first region of the DSV body 8 is measured 1, that the first temperature measurement curve is compared with at least one predetermined first part 2 of a predetermined first plurality of temperature comparison curves 3 in a comparison device 4, that upon satisfaction of a predetermined first convergence criterion 5 by one of the temperature comparison curves this is selected as the first temperature comparison curve 6, or that the temperature comparison curve with the smallest error deviation from the first temperature measurement curve is selected as the second temperature comparison curve 7.

From the proportion or content of hydraulically binding materials or hydraulic binder in DSV bodies 8 can be at least indirectly closed on the strength of the DSV body 8.

As a result, properties, in particular dimensions and quality of the mortar used, of DSV bodies 8 can be determined quickly, simply, precisely and cost-effectively. This can not only on the excavation of a specimen, in particular a Probesäule, are largely dispensed with, whereby a considerable time savings and cost reduction can be achieved on the site, but also a much more accurate statement about the quality, therefore the dimensions and / or strength of the DSV column or DSV body created. 8 be determined. As a result, the safety in civil engineering can be significantly improved, the structural engineer much more realistic data with respect to the carrying capacity of the DSV columns formed are available as determined by the prior art test columns. This can prevent structures, such as bridges, buildings and / or tunnels, from collapsing, tilting and / or sinking due to incorrectly assumed load capacities of DSV bodies 8.

In the production of DSV bodies 8 it is preferably provided that the hydraulically binding materials comprise at least one hydraulic binder, wherein it is preferably provided that the hydraulic binder comprises cement, and the first predetermined content of hydraulic binder is a first cement content. However, other hydraulic binders may also be provided, such as lime in its different configurations, as well as mixtures comprising lime and / or cement. In the further description of the method according to the invention and the subject underlying this, the terms hydraulically binding materials, hydraulic binder, cement-bound mortar and / or cement are alternatively used. The description of one or more process steps and / or technological principles with reference to cement preferably does not represent a limitation of the process according to the invention to cement or cement-bound mortar.

The nozzle jet method (DSV) is a soil improvement method in which the existing soil structure is destroyed by a high-energy beam and the soil or the bottom area 9 is mixed with the introduced suspension (cement and water). By simultaneously pulling up and rotating the drill string 10, a columnar structure of solidified soil is formed, hereinafter referred to as DSV body 8. In the Fig. 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 the different steps for forming a DSV body 8 are shown. In a first step, as in Fig. 2.1 shown, a hole is drilled in the bottom region 9 to be solidified. Through a nozzle in the drill pipe 10 is, as in Fig. 2.2 shown, placed under high pressure mortar in the soil. As a result, the existing soil conditions are partially destroyed, and rebuilt by the mortar. How to compare the Figs. 2.2 and 2.3 illustrated, the drill string 10 is continuously pulled up during the output of mortar, whereby a pillar is formed. It is also possible to form DSV bodies 8 deviating from the columnar shape.

The main areas of application of the DSV include, in addition to ground improvement (e.g., underpinning, foundation reinforcements and foundation redevelopment), the production of horizontal sealing soles, vertical sealing walls, sealing pans and sealing measures in tunneling. Due to these diverse fields of application and due to the enormous flexibility of the process (application to different soil types, as well as different spatial conditions, such as lack of space), this technique of special foundation engineering has become increasingly important in recent years. Due to the process, the production of the DSV body 8 takes place in the background of the floor area 9 without visual inspection. Any deviations due to fluctuations in the influencing parameters can not be detected during or immediately after production. Such deviations relate to the dimensions and composition of the DSV bodies 8, which are defined on the one hand by the pending floor and on the other hand by manufacturing parameters such as, e.g. Flow rate and water / cement value of the introduced suspension and pulling and rotating speed of the drill string 10 depend. For this reason, methods for detecting the properties of the DSV bodies 8 (dimensions and quality of the DSV mortar) are of considerable technical but also economic importance.

In order to be able to detect / avoid damage cases at an early stage, quality assurance of the manufactured DSV body 8 is of key importance in terms of its dimensions and material properties. Usually, the determination of the achievable dimensions by means of sample columns, which are excavated after their production in the upper area. This is associated with a time delay of at least 4-5 days on the construction site and allows only an assessment of the soil improvement work in the upper soil layers (up to about 4 meters depth). In addition to the delay in the construction process is obtained by sample columns only a selective digestion on the achievable DSV body properties. In the case of DSV work in deeper soil layers, the preparation of trial columns is not possible, since exposing to greater depths would neither be technically feasible nor economically justifiable.

The inventive method represents a novel method for determining the diameter of DSV bodies 8 and the material properties of DSV mortar, wherein a measured locally on a DSV body 8 first temperature measurement curve 14 with is compared at least a predetermined first part of a predetermined first plurality of temperature comparison curves. It may be provided that this plurality of temperature comparison curves is determined, for example, by a multiplicity of tests.

It is preferably provided that the predefinable plurality of temperature comparison curves is determined by calculation, whereby - with high accuracy - can be dispensed with costly experiments. It has been shown that a determination of the temperature comparison curves of the predeterminable first plurality of temperature comparison curves from the exothermic setting reactions of the at least one hydraulic binder leads to surprisingly exact results. The searched parameters of the DSV body 8 are determined by recalculation using the temperature measurement curve 14 measured at the construction site. It is therefore preferably provided that the temperature comparison curves of the predefinable first plurality of temperature comparison curves are respectively determined for a combination of a predeterminable first radius of the DSV body 8 and a predeterminable first content of hydraulic binder. Therefore, depending on the first radius of the DSV body 8, as well as its first content of hydraulic binder, a predeterminable plurality of temperature comparison curves are determined, preferably calculated, whereby fast accurate simulation results are available.

The underlying thermochemical material model for describing the progress of hydration in cementitious building materials is described below. The required for the recalculation of the sought parameters of the DSV body 8 temperature measurement on the site is described in detail elsewhere.

The hydration of cementitious materials is an exothermic process. In the course of hydration, the resulting chemothermal coupling leads to an increase in the temperature in the DSV body 8. On the other hand, the temperature influences the rate of the chemical reaction (thermochemical coupling). The solution to this two-way coupling problem is described below. The progress of hydration is described by a scalar variable m, the mass of water bound in hydrates (hydrate mass). The degree of hydration ξ represents the ratio between the actual hydrate mass and the hydrate mass at full hydration, m _∞ : $$\xi =m/m_{\infty }$$

The rate of the chemical reaction, ξ̇ = dξ / dt, is described by means of an Arrhenius law ( thermochemical coupling): $$\stackrel{}{\xi }=\stackrel{}{\mathrm{A}}\exp \left[-e_a/\mathit{RT}\right]\mathrm{,}$$

The normalized chemical affinity à (ξ) reflects the dependence of the reaction rate on the already formed hydrates. The exponential term takes into account the influence of temperature on the reaction rate. In equation (2), E _a corresponds to the activation energy of the reaction. It is 33500 J / mol for Portland cements. R is the universal gas constant with R = 8.315 J / (mol K) and T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin.

wobei ρ [kg/m³] der Dichte und c [kJ/(kg K)] der spezifischen Wärmekapazität entspricht. l _ξ ist die gesamte Wärmemenge, die während der Hydratation freigesetzt wird. Dem Abfluss von Wärme wird durch den Wärmestromvektor q Rechnung getragen, der wiederum mit der Temperatur über das Fouriersche Wärmeleitgesetz verknüpft ist, $$\mathrm{q}=-\mathrm{\lambda }\mathrm{grad}T\mathrm{.}$$

λ [kJ/(m h K)] ist die Wärmeleitzahl.As a result of the hydration, the heat of hydration is released. This chemothermal coupling is considered in the field equation to describe the thermal problem. This field equation follows from the first law of thermodynamics. $$\mathrm{\rho }c\stackrel{}{T}+l_{\xi }\stackrel{}{\xi }=-\mathrm{div\; q}.$$

where ρ [kg / m ³ ] corresponds to the density and c [kJ / (kg K)] to the specific heat capacity. l _ξ is the total amount of heat released during hydration. The outflow of heat is taken into account by the heat flow vector q, which in turn is linked to the temperature via the Fourier heat conduction law, $$\mathrm{q}=-\mathrm{\lambda }\mathrm{Degree}T\mathrm{,}$$

λ [kJ / (mh K)] is the thermal conductivity.

wobei div q während des Versuchs gemessen wird.The intrinsic material function à (ξ) can be determined by means of various experiments, by exploiting the chemo-mechanical coupling (compression tests) or the chemothermal coupling (adiabatic experiments). Currently, the functions à (ξ) for different binders are determined by means of a differential calorimeter or by a multiphase hydration model. During hydration, the temperature of the sample (consisting of water and cement) is kept constant and the temperature removal required for this purpose is measured. The equations (2) and (3) thus result $$\stackrel{}{\mathrm{A}}=-\mathrm{div\; q\; exp}\left[e_a/\mathit{RT}\right]/{\mathrm{l}}_{\xi }.$$

where div q is measured during the experiment.

On the basis of the thermochemical material model, the development of the degree of hydration ξ and the temperature development in a DSV body 8 can preferably be calculated by means of the finite element method. By comparing the numerically obtained temperature development with one carried out on the construction site Measurement can be concluded both on the cement content in the DSV body 8 and on its radius.

Fig. 1 shows a first flow diagram of a preferred particularly simple embodiment of a method according to the invention. As an alternative to the above-described calculation of the temperature comparison curves, it can also be provided to determine these from a large number of experiments with different parameters and store them in databases or data sheets.

However, it is preferably provided to determine the temperature comparison curves by calculation, wherein the predefinable first plurality of temperature comparison curves are determined or calculated by means of an iterative method. Fig. 4 shows a flowchart of such a particularly preferred iterative method, wherein in this particularly preferred embodiment, further additional advantageous method steps are provided. It is preferably provided that a first radius range of the DSV body 8 is specified, that a predeterminable number of first partial radii is selected from the first radius range, that a first range of the content of hydraulic binder is specified, that from the first range of the content a predeterminable number of first subregions is selected on the hydraulic binder, and that the temperature comparison curves are determined for predefinable, in particular for all, combinations between the first subradii and the first subregions. Therefore, an area for the first radius and the first cement content or the first content of hydraulic binder is specified for the iterative calculation. For example: radius R ₁ of 10cm to 150cm; Content of hydraulic binder Z ₁ of 100kg / m ³ to 1000kg / m3

The values are preferably chosen such that a DSV column or a DSV body 8 should be within the corresponding limits. Therefore, in the first step, a particularly large first radius range and a particularly large first range of the content of hydraulic binder are preferably specified. Furthermore, it may be provided to specify a number of intermediate steps, for example those of four. However, the number of intermediate steps can also be predefined. The first radius region and the first region of the content of hydraulic binder are then divided according to the number of intermediate steps. The type of this division can be specified by the user. It is preferably provided that the division of the corresponding areas linear or logarithmically. For example, be provided in the above example, the following division:
first radius range R: 10 centimeters 50cm 100cm 150cm first range of content of hydraulic binder Z: 100kg / m ³ 300kg / m ³ 600kg / m ³ 1000kg / m ³

Furthermore, all possible value combinations are preferably formed from these four parameters in each case, and the temperature comparison curves are determined with each of these value combinations between the first partial radii and the first partial regions.

It can be provided to check the individual temperature comparison curves determined for meeting the first convergence criterion. The first convergence criterion can be defined as a predefinable area around the first temperature measurement curve. Particularly preferably, it is provided that the first convergence criterion is specified as a predefinable change of the first radius of the DSV body 8 and of the first content of hydraulic binder between two successive iteration steps, as will be described below.

$${\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{bereich}\mathrm{2}\mathrm{oben}}\mathrm{=}{\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{2.}\mathrm{Temperaturvergleichskurve}}+\mathrm{15}\mathrm{\%}$$

ausgewählt wird, und dass der zweite Bereich des Gehalts an hydraulischem Bindemittel durch die Grenzen: $${\mathrm{Z}}_{\mathrm{bereich}\mathrm{2}\mathrm{unten}}\mathrm{=}{\mathrm{Z}}_{\mathrm{2.}\mathrm{Temperaturvergleichskurve}}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{15}\mathrm{\%}$$

$${\mathrm{Z}}_{\mathrm{bereich}\mathrm{2}\mathrm{oben}}\mathrm{=}{\mathrm{Z}}_{\mathrm{2.}\mathrm{Temperaturvergleichskurve}}+\mathrm{15}\mathrm{\%}$$

ausgewählt wird. Der neue Wertebereich wird wieder in Zwischenschritte unterteilt, wobei wiederum bevorzugt sämtliche Kombinationen an Werten gebildet werden. Sofern eine Temperaturvergleichskurve dem ersten Konvergenzkriterium genügt, wird diese zusammen mit dem deren Ermittlung zugrunde liegenden ersten Radius des DSV-Körpers 8 und dem erste Gehalt an hydraulischem Bindemittel ausgegeben. Wie vorstehend bereits dargelegt ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass das erste Konvergenzkriterium als vorgebbare Änderung des ersten Radius des DSV-Körpers 8 und des ersten Gehalts an hydraulischem Bindemittel zwischen zwei in aufeinander folgenden Iterationsschritten vorgegeben wird, wie dies auch aus Fig. 4 hervorgeht. Bei dem in Fig. 4 beschriebenen bevorzugten Verfahren ist beispielsweise vorgesehen, dass das erste Konvergenzkriterium erfüllt ist, wenn die Änderung des ermittelten Radius zwischen zwei nachfolgenden Iterationsschritten geringer als 2,5 cm und die Änderung des ermittelten Gehalts an hydraulischem Bindemittel geringer als 50 Kg/m³ beträgt.At predeterminable time intervals or at predeterminable times, for example every consecutive hour, the difference of each calculated temperature comparison curve is compared with the temperature measurement curve 14. For each temperature measurement curve 14, the quadratic error is preferably determined and added up. It should be noted that for each calculated temperature profile, the comparison with the measured temperature measurement curve 14 takes place at the same points in time. The ascertained quadratic errors are summed for each temperature comparison curve to a characteristic of this temperature comparison curve error value. The temperature comparison curve with the lowest error value is selected for a further iteration step as the second temperature comparison curve, wherein it is preferably provided that a second radius range is specified, that the second radius range is predetermined as a predefinable interval around the second radius on which the second temperature comparison curve is determined from the second radius range, a predeterminable number of second partial radii is selected such that a second range of the content of hydraulic binder is specified, that the second range is predetermined as a specifiable interval around the second content of hydraulic binder on which the second temperature comparison curve is based from the second area of the content of hydraulic binder a predeterminable number of second sub-areas is selected, and that for predetermined, in particular for all, combinations between second sub-radii and second sub-areas, the temperature comparison curves are determined. Preferably, the second radius associated with the second temperature comparison curve and the second content of hydraulic binder are reduced and increased by a predefinable value, and thus a second radius range and a second range of the content of hydraulic binder are specified. It may preferably be provided, for example, that the second radius range is limited by the limits: $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R\; Area"\; filenames="imgf0001.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{Area}}\mathrm{=}{\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{Second}\mathrm{Temperature\; comparison\; curve}}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{15}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\%\; R\; Area"\; filenames="imgf0001.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\%\; </figure-callout>}$$

$${\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{Area}}$$$${\mathrm{2}\mathrm{above}}_{}\mathrm{=}{\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{Second}\mathrm{Temperature\; comparison\; curve}}+\mathrm{15}\mathrm{\%}$$

is selected, and that the second range of the content of hydraulic binder through the limits: $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Z\; Area"\; filenames="imgf0001.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{Area}}\mathrm{=}{\mathrm{Z}}_{\mathrm{Second}\mathrm{Temperature\; comparison\; curve}}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{15}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\%\; Z\; Area"\; filenames="imgf0001.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\%\; </figure-callout>}$$

$${\mathrm{Z}}_{\mathrm{Area}}$$$${\mathrm{2}\mathrm{above}}_{}\mathrm{=}{\mathrm{Z}}_{\mathrm{Second}\mathrm{Temperature\; comparison\; curve}}+\mathrm{15}\mathrm{\%}$$

is selected. The new range of values is again subdivided into intermediate steps, whereby again preferably all combinations of values are formed. If a temperature comparison curve satisfies the first convergence criterion, this is output together with the first radius of the DSV body 8 underlying the determination thereof and the first content of hydraulic binder. As already explained above, it is preferably provided that the first convergence criterion is specified as a specifiable change of the first radius of the DSV body 8 and of the first content of hydraulic binder between two successive iteration steps, as is also the case Fig. 4 evident. At the in Fig. 4 For example, it is provided that the first convergence criterion is fulfilled if the change in the determined radius between two subsequent iteration steps is less than 2.5 cm and the change in the determined content of hydraulic binder is less than 50 kg / m ³ .

• die thermische Leitfähigkeit des Bodens,
• die thermische Leitfähigkeit des DSV-Körpers,
• die thermische Speicherkapazität des Bodens,
• die thermische Speicherkapazität des DSV-Körpers,
• die Rohdichte der in den Bodenbereich eingebrachten hydraulisch bindende Materialien,
• die Bodentemperatur,
• die Temperatur der in den Bodenbereich eingebrachten hydraulisch bindende Materialien,
• Bodenparameter, insbesondere Bodentyp, Lagerungsdichte und/oder Konsistenz,
• die Art und der Einfluss weitere chemischer Bindemittel.

In a method according to the invention, it is further preferred to take account of additional parameters in their effect on the determined temperature comparison curve. As such parameters, which have a direct and / or indirect influence on the course of the determined temperature comparison curves, the following parameters in particular have turned out to be of particular importance:

• the thermal conductivity of the soil,
• the thermal conductivity of the DSV body,
• the thermal storage capacity of the soil,
• the thermal storage capacity of the DSV body,
• the density of the hydraulically binding materials introduced into the soil area,
• the soil temperature,
• the temperature of the hydraulically binding materials introduced into the soil area,
• Soil parameters, in particular soil type, storage density and / or consistency,
• the nature and influence of other chemical binders.

The influence of the individual parameters can be partly derived physically / chemically, but otherwise has to be determined by tests. It has been shown by the consideration of individual, preferably all, of the aforementioned parameters in the determination of the temperature comparison curves determined according to a method according to the invention values for the radius of a DSV body 8 and / or the content of hydraulic binder match much more accurately with the actual values as in all previously known methods. The corresponding parameters must be known when using the method, and are determined approximately by means of soil samples, and measurements of the aforementioned temperatures. Thermal conductivities and storage capacities can be determined by means of a laboratory test and stored in databases in order to be available for the method according to the invention. All of the aforementioned parameters, except for storage capacity of the DSV body 8, which is highly dependent on the cement content, and is correspondingly constantly adapted to these during the determination, remain constant. Fig. 7 Illustrates for example in a diagram the dependence of the thermal conductivity on the degree of saturation and the bulk density of the hydraulically binding materials.

For the accuracy of the method according to the invention, the accuracy of the measured temperature measurement curve inside the DSV body 8 is of particular importance. In order to obtain the most accurate temperature measurement curve, therefore, a novel method for introducing a first temperature sensor 11 into a DSV body 8 has been developed. It is provided that after formation of the DSV body 8, a drill string 10 with a Rammspitze 17, in the area at least a first temperature sensor 11 is arranged, inserted into the wellbore and pushed substantially free of rotation in the still deformable DSV body 8 before its solidification, and that the Rammspitze 17 together with the first temperature sensor 11 when reaching a greatest depth is decoupled, and remains in the DSV body 8. In contrast to conventional methods, in which a first temperature sensor 11 is introduced by means of a rod, which has only insufficient rigidity, at an undefined point manually in the still deformable DSV body 8, in the method according to the invention, the first temperature sensor 11 by means of the stiff and well-guided drill string 10 introduced into the center of the DSV body 8, whereby there is a particularly high agreement between the actual location of the recording of the temperature measurement curve 14 and the assumed assumption of the temperature measurement curve in the determination of the temperature comparison curves. Particularly preferably, it is further provided that the at least one first temperature sensor 11 in the interior of the drill string 10 in or on a pipe 19, in particular a metal pipe, is guided, and that the electrical leads are guided to the first temperature sensor 11 in the interior of the metal tube. After arrangement of the first temperature sensor 11 and separation of the ram tip 17, the drill string 10 is pulled out of the DSV body 8 and the ram tip 17 remains together with the first temperature sensor 11 and the tube 19 in the DSV body 8, as in Fig. 10 is shown. At the first temperature sensor 11 further temperature sensors can be arranged at predetermined intervals, so that for different sections of the DSV body 8 in each case the inventive method for determining the radial extent and / or strength of DSV bodies 8 can be applied, whereby the accuracy of Results and safety in civil engineering can be further increased.

Fig. 3 shows an arrangement with finished DSV body 8 and a first temperature sensor 11 in the interior of the DSV body 8. Further, a second temperature sensor 12 appears outside the ground to record the ambient temperature. The recording of the measured data can be done either manually or automatically by means of data logger 13, as in Fig. 3 shown. Automatic recording defines the reading period and sets the interval between recording times. An additional display on the display of the data logger 13 allows a continuous observation of the temperature development during the hydration of the DSV body 8. The use of data logger 13 allows an extremely simple transfer of the temperature measurement data of the DSV bodies 8 to a PC. Subsequently, the measurement data can be converted into various data formats (eg ASCII). The processing is very easy and also on the construction site itself.

The temperature is continuously measured during the setting process, and thus determines the temperature measurement curve 14. The FIGS. 5 and 6 It can be clearly seen that the maximum value of the measured temperature and the time when this temperature is reached in the center of the DSV body 8, strongly with the radius of the DSV body 8 and the content of hydraulic binder in the introduced suspension or the introduced mortar, wherein the in Fig. 5 Cement content refers to the content of hydraulic binder, and the in Fig. 6 cited column diameter is equivalent to the radius of the DSV body 8. From these measurements, in turn, a relationship between the radius of the DSV body 8 and measured temperature measurement curves 14 can be seen. For measurements on the smaller DSV bodies 8 or DSV columns, the maximum temperature occurs earlier in comparison to larger DSV bodies 8.

To implement the method according to the invention for introducing a first temperature sensor 11 into a DSV body 8, a novel drilling arrangement 15 for ground drilling work, comprising a drill pipe 10, wherein - viewed in the use position - lower end of the drill string 10 is a substantially immobile Rammspitze 17th is arranged, and that in the region of the ram tip 17 at least a first temperature sensor 11 is arranged. Such a drilling assembly is approximately in the 8 and 9 shown, in Fig. 9 good the decoupled Rammspitze 17 can be seen, which as - viewed in the use position - downwardly arranged obtuse flat metal assembly 18 is formed.

Further embodiments according to the invention have only a part of the features described, wherein each feature combination, in particular also of various described embodiments, can be provided.

Claims (9)

1. A method for calculating the radial expansion and/or content of hydraulically bonding materials of double stop valve (DSV) bodies (8), which are formed by the introduction of hydraulically bonding materials into a bottom region (9), characterized in that at least a first temperature gradient (14) is measured within a predetermined time range in at least one first area of the DSV body (8) (1), that the first temperature gradient is compared with at least one predeterminable first part (2) of a predeterminable first plurality of temperature gradients (3) in a comparison apparatus (4), that upon fulfilment of a predeterminable first convergence criterion (5) by one of the temperature comparison gradients it is chosen as the first temperature comparison gradient (6), or that the temperature comparison gradient with the smallest error deviation in relation to the first temperature gradient is chosen as the second temperature comparison gradient (7).
2. A method according to claim 1, with the hydraulically bonding materials comprising at least one hydraulic bonding agent, characterized in that the temperature comparison curves of the predeterminable first plurality of temperature comparison gradients are respectively determined for a combination of a predeterminable first radius of the DSV body and a predeterminable first content of hydraulic bonding agent.
3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the temperature comparison gradients of the predeterminable first plurality of temperature comparison gradients are determined from the exothermal setting reactions of the at least one hydraulic bonding agent.
4. A method according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the temperature comparison gradients of the predeterminable first plurality of temperature comparison gradients are determined by means of finite elements.
5. A method according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the determination of the temperature comparison gradients the thermal conductivity of the bottom area (9), and/or the thermal conductivity of the DSV body (8), and/or the thermal storage capacity of the bottom area (9), and/or the thermal storage capacity of the DSV body (8), and/or the raw density of the hydraulically bonding materials introduced into the bottom area, and/or the temperature at the bottom, and/or the temperature of the hydraulically bonding materials introduced into the bottom area (9), and/or the bottom parameters, especially the type of bottom, storage density and/or consistency, are considered as parameters.
6. A method according to one of the claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the hydraulic bonding agent comprises cement and the first predeterminable content of hydraulic bonding agent is a first cement content.
7. A method according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a first radius area of the DSV body (8) will be predetermined, that a predeterminable number of first partial radii will be chosen from the first radius area, that a first area of the content of hydraulic bonding agent will be predetermined, that a predeterminable number of first partial areas will be chosen from the first area of content of hydraulic bonding agent, and that the temperature comparison gradients will be determined for predeterminable, especially all, combinations between first partial radii and first partial areas.
8. A method according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first radius of the DSV body (8) and the first content of hydraulic bonding agent used for the determination of said first temperature comparison gradient are output together with the first temperature comparison gradient.
9. A method according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a second radius area is predetermined in the determination of a second temperature comparison gradient, that the second radius area is predetermined as a predeterminable interval about the second radius on which the determination of the second temperature comparison gradient is based, that a predeterminable number of second partial radii is chosen from the second radius area, that a second area of the content of hydraulic bonding agent is predetermined, that the second area is predetermined as a predeterminable interval about the second content of hydraulic bonding agent on which the determination of the second temperature comparison gradient is based, that a predeterminable number of second partial areas is chosen from the second area of the content of hydraulic bonding agent, and that the temperature comparison gradients are determined for predeterminable, especially all, combinations between second partial radii and second partial areas.

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