EP2006357A1 - Vergasungsreaktor mit gekühltem Schild um den Brenner - Google Patents

Vergasungsreaktor mit gekühltem Schild um den Brenner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2006357A1
EP2006357A1 EP07110873A EP07110873A EP2006357A1 EP 2006357 A1 EP2006357 A1 EP 2006357A1 EP 07110873 A EP07110873 A EP 07110873A EP 07110873 A EP07110873 A EP 07110873A EP 2006357 A1 EP2006357 A1 EP 2006357A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shield
cooling medium
burner
passages
reactor vessel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07110873A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Teck Soon Lau
Wouter Van Maaren
Franciscus Johanna Arnoldus Martens
Anthony Wolfert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority to EP07110873A priority Critical patent/EP2006357A1/de
Publication of EP2006357A1 publication Critical patent/EP2006357A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/76—Protecting flame and burner parts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/78—Cooling burner parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/02—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F23M5/025—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used specially adapted for burner openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/05021—Wall blocks adapted for burner openings

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to an improved refractory lined gasification reactor and a process to produce syngas by using the said reactor.
  • a gasification reactor is disclosed in which a layer of compressible insulating cement is present between the outer side of refractory brick and the inner wall of the vessel. This layer is present in order to prevent the channelling of hot gasses between the outer side of refractory brick and the inner wall of the vessel.
  • a flanged nozzle is also provided at the upper end of the reactor to accommodate a burner. The nozzle is provided with refractory line preferably spaced away from the inner surface of nozzle and surrounded by compressible insulating cement.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a reactor that limits the above problems. It is further objective of the present invention to improve reliability and to extend the service life of the burner and of the refractory bricks.
  • the vertical elongated reactor vessel provided at its inner side with a layer of refractory brick work and at its upper end with a downwardly directed burner as present in an opening through the wall of the vessel and through an opening in the brick work
  • the refractory brick work comprises a shield (5), which shield extends substantially downwardly from the wall of the vessel or from an optional flange which flange fixes the burner to the vessel, and which shield is positioned around the burner, and which shield is provided with passages for a cooling medium, an inlet for supply of a fresh cooling medium to said passages, and an outlet for discharge of used cooling medium from the said passages.
  • the hot spots on the reactor wall and damage of the burner and of the refractory brick occurred less. It is believed that the circulation of gas between the refractory bricks and the reactor wall around the burner is avoided by positioning a cooled shield within the refractory bricks in the vicinity of the burner and surrounding the burner.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows the top end cross section of the vertical elongated reactor vessel (1) provided at its inner side with a layer of refractory brick work (2) and at its upper end with a downwardly directed burner (3) as present in an opening through the wall of the vessel (1) and through an opening in the brick work (2).
  • the refractory brick work comprises a shield (5).
  • Shield (5) extends substantially downwardly from the wall of the vessel (1) or from an optional flange (6) which flange (6) fixes the burner to the vessel. Shield (5) is positioned around the burner (3). The shield fully surrounds the burner (3) and the brick work (4) as present between the shield (5) and burner (3). In this manner no circulating gas can pass the shield.
  • the shield (5) preferably does not extend beyond refractory brickwork, because any part extending beyond the brickwork may be damaged at the operating conditions of the reactor.
  • the shield (5) is provided with passages (7) for a cooling medium, an inlet (8) for supply of a fresh cooling medium to said passages, and an outlet (9) for discharge of used cooling medium from the said passages (7).
  • the preferred shield (5) as shown in Figure 1 has a tubular part (10) and an inwardly tilted lower part (11) to provide support for the refractory brick work (4).
  • Brick work (4) is the part of brick work (2) which is present between the burner (3) and the said shield (5).
  • the inwardly tilted lower part (11) of the said shield (5) preferably has a rim (12) to provide further support for the refractory brick work (4), as present between the burner (3) and the said shield (5).
  • the rim (12) serves also to prevent sagging of the said refractory brick work (4).
  • the angle ( ⁇ ) between the tilted part (11) and the vertical is preferably between 5 and 45°.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a preferred top cover flange (6) that is positioned on top of the reactor vessel (1).
  • Flange (6) serves to fix burner (3) to the reactor vessel (1).
  • the shield (5) is fixed, preferably by welding.
  • an inlet conduit (8) to supply fresh cooling medium and an outlet conduit (9) for discharge of used cooling medium are present.
  • multiple inlet conduits (8) and outlet conduits (9) are provided through the said flange (6).
  • Each of the passages (7) within the shield (5) is preferably connected at its inlet to a common distributor (13a) for cooling medium and is preferably connected at its outlet to a common collector (13b) for cooling medium.
  • the common distributor (13a) and the common collector (13b) are respectively fluidly connected to the inlet (8) and outlet (9) for cooling medium.
  • the common distributor (13a) and the common collector (13b) are preferably positioned at the upper end of the shield (5).
  • FIG. 3 and Figure 4 show one of the preferred embodiments of the invention.
  • the passages (7) for cooling medium are parallel conduits, each passage (7) having a first part (7a) extending from the upper end of the shield (5) to the lower end of the shield (5) and fluidly connected to a second part (7b) of said passage (7) extending from said lower part of the shield (5) to said upper part of the shield (5).
  • Figure 5 shows another preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the passages (7c) for cooling medium are interconnected and coiled conduits.
  • the common distributor (13a) and the common collector (13b) can be situated inside or outside the vessel (1).
  • the passages (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) are designed in such manner that no circulating gas can pass the shield.
  • the said passages can be welded.
  • Another option, as for the coiled passages (7c) presented in Figure 5 is that they can be positioned between an inner wall (14) and an outer wall (15), wherein the inner wall (14) and an outer wall (15) serve to provide a gas barrier against the channelling of hot gasses between the said passages.
  • the space between the inner wall (14) and outer wall (15) and the coiled passages (7c) presented in Figure 5 can be filled with the cement filler to provide better heat conducting.
  • the cooling medium used to cool the shield is preferably water.
  • the cooling water as supplied to the shield preferably has temperature of below 300 °C and a pressure of below 100 bar, and more preferably temperature below 200 °C and pressure below 60 bar.
  • the passages (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) are designed such that local velocity of water in said passages (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) for cooling medium is 0.5-5 m/s, preferably 1-3 m/s, and more preferably 1 m/s.
  • the shield is preferably made of a steel type material, more preferably material comprising Cr and Mo. This material is preferred because of its strength, high temperature resistance and good heat conductivity.
  • the reactor according to the present invention may be advantageously used in high temperature applications, preferably to prepare syngas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbon feed, wherein a cooling medium is used to cool the shield present around the burner.
  • the hydrocarbon feed may be a solid, gaseous fuel or a liquid fuel.
  • solid fuel are coal, coal slurries, and biomass.
  • the feed is a gaseous or liquid feed.
  • possible feedstocks include natural gas, fractions obtained from (hydro-processed) tar sand sources and refinery streams such as middle distillates and more preferably fractions boiling above 370 °C, such as those obtained in a vacuum distillation column.
  • Examples are the vacuum distillates and the residue as obtained by a vacuum distillation of the 370 °C plus fraction as obtained when distilling a crude petroleum feedstock or when distilling the effluent of a carbon rejection process as performed in a refinery.
  • Examples of carbon rejection processes are the well known fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process, thermal cracking and the vis-breaking process.
  • FCC fluid catalytic cracking
  • the hot gas as obtained in a gasification process will comprise mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
  • a preferred feed for the partial oxidation process is a gaseous hydrocarbon, suitably methane, natural gas, associated gas or a mixture of C1-4 hydrocarbons.
  • gaseous hydrocarbons are natural gas, refinery gas, associated gas or (coal bed) methane and the like.
  • the gaseous hydrocarbons suitably comprises mainly, i.e. more than 90 v/v%, especially more than 94%, C 1-4 hydrocarbons, especially comprises at least 60 v/v percent methane, preferably at least 75 percent, more preferably 90 percent.
  • natural gas or associated gas is used.
  • the partial oxidation process may be performed according to well known principles as for example described for the Shell Gasification Process in the Oil and Gas Journal, September 6, 1971, pp 85-90 .
  • Publications describing examples of partial oxidation processes are EP-A-291111 , WO-A-9722547 , WO-A-9639354 and WO-A-9603345 .
  • the feed is contacted with an oxygen containing gas under partial oxidation conditions preferably in the absence of a catalyst.
  • the oxygen containing gas may be air (containing about 21 percent of oxygen) and preferably oxygen enriched air, suitably containing up to 100 percent of oxygen, preferably containing at least 60 volume percent oxygen, more preferably at least 80 volume percent, more preferably at least 98 volume percent of oxygen.
  • Oxygen enriched air may be produced via cryogenic techniques, but is preferably produced by a membrane based process, e.g. the process as described in WO 93/06041 .
  • the gaseous product of the partial oxidation reaction preferably has H 2 /CO molar ratio of from 1.5 up to 2.6, preferably from 1.6 up to 2.2.
  • the mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen as obtained by the above process may advantageously be used as feedstock for power generation, hydrogen manufacture, a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, methanol synthesis process, a di-methyl ether synthesis process, an acetic acid synthesis process, ammonia synthesis process or to other processes which use a synthesis gas mixture as feed such as for example processes involving carbonylation and hydroformylation reactions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
EP07110873A 2007-06-22 2007-06-22 Vergasungsreaktor mit gekühltem Schild um den Brenner Withdrawn EP2006357A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07110873A EP2006357A1 (de) 2007-06-22 2007-06-22 Vergasungsreaktor mit gekühltem Schild um den Brenner

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07110873A EP2006357A1 (de) 2007-06-22 2007-06-22 Vergasungsreaktor mit gekühltem Schild um den Brenner

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2006357A1 true EP2006357A1 (de) 2008-12-24

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EP07110873A Withdrawn EP2006357A1 (de) 2007-06-22 2007-06-22 Vergasungsreaktor mit gekühltem Schild um den Brenner

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102146300A (zh) * 2011-02-23 2011-08-10 惠生工程（中国）有限公司 一种联合燃烧平台
WO2010083008A3 (en) * 2009-01-14 2012-02-02 General Electric Company Cooled gasifier vessel throat plug with instrumentation cavity
CN103820162A (zh) * 2012-11-18 2014-05-28 航天长征化学工程股份有限公司 一种分体式烧嘴的布置方式和安装装置
CN113897223A (zh) * 2021-09-24 2022-01-07 国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司 烧嘴室的砖结构和水煤浆气化炉
EP4310394A1 (de) * 2022-07-21 2024-01-24 L'air Liquide, Société Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'exploitation Des Procédés Georges Claude Brenneranordnung für die synthesegaserzeugung

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3048481A (en) * 1958-06-18 1962-08-07 Texaco Inc Method of forming gas tight seal between vessel wall and refractory lining of a synthesis gas generator
US3874592A (en) * 1971-12-15 1975-04-01 Texaco Development Corp Burner for the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons to synthesis gas
US4437415A (en) * 1982-07-28 1984-03-20 Eclipse, Inc. Burner block assembly for industrial furnaces
US4547203A (en) * 1984-03-30 1985-10-15 Texaco Development Corporation Partial oxidation process
US5954491A (en) * 1997-04-07 1999-09-21 Eastman Chemical Company Wire lock shield face for burner nozzle

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3048481A (en) * 1958-06-18 1962-08-07 Texaco Inc Method of forming gas tight seal between vessel wall and refractory lining of a synthesis gas generator
US3874592A (en) * 1971-12-15 1975-04-01 Texaco Development Corp Burner for the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons to synthesis gas
US4437415A (en) * 1982-07-28 1984-03-20 Eclipse, Inc. Burner block assembly for industrial furnaces
US4547203A (en) * 1984-03-30 1985-10-15 Texaco Development Corporation Partial oxidation process
US5954491A (en) * 1997-04-07 1999-09-21 Eastman Chemical Company Wire lock shield face for burner nozzle

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010083008A3 (en) * 2009-01-14 2012-02-02 General Electric Company Cooled gasifier vessel throat plug with instrumentation cavity
US8858660B2 (en) 2009-01-14 2014-10-14 General Electric Company Cooled gasifier vessel throat plug with instrumentation cavity
CN102146300A (zh) * 2011-02-23 2011-08-10 惠生工程（中国）有限公司 一种联合燃烧平台
CN103820162A (zh) * 2012-11-18 2014-05-28 航天长征化学工程股份有限公司 一种分体式烧嘴的布置方式和安装装置
CN113897223A (zh) * 2021-09-24 2022-01-07 国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司 烧嘴室的砖结构和水煤浆气化炉
EP4310394A1 (de) * 2022-07-21 2024-01-24 L'air Liquide, Société Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'exploitation Des Procédés Georges Claude Brenneranordnung für die synthesegaserzeugung

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