EP2004994A1 - Production of electricity from low-temperature energy sources - Google Patents

Production of electricity from low-temperature energy sources

Info

Publication number
EP2004994A1
EP2004994A1 EP06804577A EP06804577A EP2004994A1 EP 2004994 A1 EP2004994 A1 EP 2004994A1 EP 06804577 A EP06804577 A EP 06804577A EP 06804577 A EP06804577 A EP 06804577A EP 2004994 A1 EP2004994 A1 EP 2004994A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tower
heat
coolant
air
exchangers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06804577A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
John Azar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2004994A1 publication Critical patent/EP2004994A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/02—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid
    • F03G6/04—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid gaseous
    • F03G6/045—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid gaseous by producing an updraft of heated gas or a downdraft of cooled gas, e.g. air driving an engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/34—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures
    • F03D9/35—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures within towers, e.g. using chimney effects
    • F03D9/37—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures within towers, e.g. using chimney effects with means for enhancing the air flow within the tower, e.g. by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
    • F05B2240/131—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines by means of vertical structures, i.e. chimneys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05B2260/24—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling for draft enhancement in chimneys, using solar or other heat sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an arrangement and a method for the exploitation of low temperature energies with electricity generation by artificial wind and medium speed turbines.
  • the soft energies used for the production of electricity are essentially those of the wind, by use of large diameter wind turbines.
  • the choice of large diameters is based on the fact that the energy that can be captured is a function of the catchment area, in other words the square of the diameter of the blades of the wind turbine.
  • the present invention aims to provide a more flexible improved system that allows to recover more energy by transforming the "wind" system into a particular "turbine” system.
  • Wind turbines used today are limited to wind speeds below 80 or 90 km / h, for the reasons explained above.
  • RPM speed of the order of 20 to 30 km / h.
  • Gas turbines operate on their own with much higher gas velocities, generally subsonic of the order of 800 Km / h (the aircraft engines can exceed the speed of sound) and the yields are much higher.
  • the system presented below is for its part at an intermediate level of speeds (of the order of one hundred to three hundred km / h) and, according to a main characteristic, uses several stages of fins (and not wind turbines). ) significantly improving the yield.
  • the present invention thus relates to such a system.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a system designed to produce electricity mechanically from the recovery of calories conveyed inside a system of heat exchangers fixed on several floors, ie in factions.
  • stages of fixed heat exchangers comprising fins or blades fixed on a central, vertical and rotary axis, which axis extends down to become the axis of a generator. electricity located in the lower part.
  • a greater or lesser speed acceleration can be achieved by providing an air intake section (at the base) much higher than the air outlet section (at the top).
  • fig. 1 represents a vertical half-section of an arrangement according to the invention.
  • the figs. 2 and 3 show a horizontal section of a blade stage (plane A of Fig. 1) presented in two embodiments: multiple blades and multiple overlapping blades. The choice is made according to the dimensions of the installation and the wind speeds reached.
  • the system is formed of a tower composed of two concentric cylinders 1, 2 having the same central vertical axis 20.
  • the level of air heating at ground level is the first level of heating (actually "preheating"), where the annular air inlet section 7 is larger. than output 8, hence the appearance of an acceleration phenomenon.
  • the air is preheated in 9 before passing through one heat exchanger 10a of the first stage El to be heated again before entering the stage E2, one 'of the first level of turbine blades.
  • the “even stages” are movable, and rotate around the vertical center axis 20 of the tower, thus constituting the “turbine” part of the system. They consist of turbine blades or vanes 40, welded to the inner cylinder 2 of the system so as to be driven by a rotational movement produced by the force of the hot air 30 which rises at speeds which can be much higher than the speed of the wind turbines.
  • the exchangers 10 are fixed directly on the outer cylinder 1, and can be cantilevered or placed if necessary -in the case of large dimensions- on the central axis by means of a support 12 of ball bearings or of an equivalent arrangement (since
  • the axis will rotate and the heat exchangers are fixed).
  • turbine blade vanes 40 are fixed directly and, preferably only, on inner cylinder 2, just like the blades of a turbine on their rotary support.
  • Fig. 1 however illustrates the case where the ends of the blades rest on annular consoles 3.
  • the heat transfer liquid 4 circulating in thermally insulated pipes, is fed to the highest exchanger 10d, and from there it descends to supply successively and in sequence the other exchangers 10c, 10b and 10a from the top to the the lowest.
  • This circulation of the liquid 4 is in a natural way, as the natural circulation of hot water from the central heating of a building, but can be "helped" by one or a few circulation pumps that will give the movement a constant rhythm.
  • the air that is drawn into the bottom of the system is at the outside air temperature and has the same degree of hygrometry.
  • the air In contact with the fins of the first heat exchanger (preheating) at the floor where circulates the coolant which has already lost much of its temperature, the air is preheated. As a result, it expands, thus creating an overpressure that pushes this air upwardly through said preheating fins before passing through the heat exchanger of the stage E1 and the blades 40 of the turbine at the level of 1 E2 floor.
  • a storage means can be provided for the coolant, for example in thermally insulated tanks.
  • the heat of the heat transfer fluid can come from different sources, for example a geothermal source, solar collectors or the heat recovery of an industrial process.
  • the liquid can be heated during the day in a circuit separate from that of the daytime operation and stored in one or more reservoirs in order to be used at night (the outside air being less hot, this will therefore give a better yield which at least partially compensates for the losses due to cooling of the coolant during storage).
  • the coolant consists of ordinary water which circulates in finned tubes aligned on the bottom of the the mine, pipes whose outer surface is protected from chemical attack for example by a suitable paint.
  • the invention therefore describes a transmission system and fractional recovery of the energy of a coolant causing an artificial wind, particularly flexible and efficient. It will be understood that many variations can be made to the device of the invention described below without departing from the scope of the invention. It is thus possible to provide, in particular at startup, progressive clutch means of the different levels of blades relative to the rotor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for producing energy from a heat-transfer fluid (4), comprising an electricity generator (13) associated with a turbine (2) supplied with a stream of air (30) admitted into the base of a tower. The tower is equipped with various stages of vanes (40) secured to a central shaft (2) driving the generator and, alternating with these, heat exchanger stages (10). The said vanes are driven by the rise of the air which is heated as it rises through the tower, thus creating an artificial vertical wind. The heat transfer fluid (4) is fed into the heat exchangers (10) flowing downwards through these from the one situated highest up.

Description

Production d'électricité à partir d'énergies basses températuresElectricity production from low temperature energies
La présente invention concerne un arrangement et un procédé pour l'exploitation d'énergies basses températures avec production d'électricité par vent artificiel et turbines moyennes vitesses.The present invention relates to an arrangement and a method for the exploitation of low temperature energies with electricity generation by artificial wind and medium speed turbines.
A l'heure actuelle, les énergies douces utilisées pour la production d'électricité sont essentiellement celles du vent, par usage d'éoliennes de grands diamètres.At present, the soft energies used for the production of electricity are essentially those of the wind, by use of large diameter wind turbines.
Le choix des grands diamètres est basé sur le fait que l'énergie captable est fonction de la surface de captage, autrement dit du carré du diamètre des pales de l'éolienne.The choice of large diameters is based on the fact that the energy that can be captured is a function of the catchment area, in other words the square of the diameter of the blades of the wind turbine.
Mais ce choix judicieux a ses limites car l'augmentation de l'inertie du système avec l'augmentation du diamètre (et celui du nombre de pales) , fait perdre la récupération de l'énergie des vitesses de vents faibles (la vitesse minimum à partir de laquelle l'éolienne peut produire du courant augmente) .But this judicious choice has its limits because the increase of the inertia of the system with the increase of the diameter (and that of the number of blades), makes lose the energy recovery of the low wind speeds (the minimum speed to from which the wind turbine can produce current increases).
Or, cette énergie est aussi fonction du cube de la vitesse du vent, mais l'homme n'est maître ni de la vitesse des vents ni de leur direction. Au plus le diamètre sera grand, au plus l'éolienne devra être haute. Le moment de flexion à l'encastrement (à la base) du pylône de support deviendra important et obligera à mettre les éoliennes "en drapeau" pour des vitesses de moins en moins importantes, ce qui fait que la "fenêtre" des vents utilisables se réduira fortement .However, this energy is also a function of the cube of the wind speed, but man is not master of wind speed or direction. The larger the diameter, the higher the wind turbine must be. The bending moment at the embedment (at the base) of the support pylon will become important and will force to put the wind turbines "in flag" for less and less speed, so that the "window" of usable winds will be reduced sharply.
il existe actuellement un assez grand nombre de publications relatives à l'utilisation d'un phénomène connu depuis longtemps, qui est celui de la montée de l'air chaud. Ces publications décrivent des dispositifs permettant de capter l'énergie de ces vents artificiels par l'usage M' éoliennes" ou de turbines à l'intérieur d'une sorte de cheminée avec effet de tirage, dont le bénéfice majeur est d'avoir un vent de direction constante.there is currently quite a large number of publications on the use of a long-known phenomenon, which is the rise of hot air. These publications describe devices for capturing the energy of these artificial winds by using M 'wind turbines' or turbines inside a kind of chimney with pull effect, the major benefit of which is to have a constant wind direction.
A titre d'exemples ont peut citer les documents de brevets GB 2302139, DE 19831492 et DE 3636248.By way of examples, mention may be made of the patent documents GB 2302139, DE 19831492 and DE 3636248.
Toutefois, la rentabilité de pareils systèmes n'a pas permis leurs applications jusqu'à présent. La situation pourrait changer en fonction de 1 ' augmentation du prix du baril de pétrole. Le rendement des installations devient alors un facteur prédominant.However, the profitability of such systems has not allowed their applications so far. The situation could change according to the increase in the price of a barrel of oil. The performance of the facilities then becomes a predominant factor.
Le présente invention a pour but de proposer un système amélioré plus souple et qui permet de récupérer plus d'énergie en transformant le système "éolien" en un système "turbine" particulier.The present invention aims to provide a more flexible improved system that allows to recover more energy by transforming the "wind" system into a particular "turbine" system.
Les éoliennes utilisées de nos jours sont limitées à des vitesses de vents en dessous de 80 ou 90 Km/h, et ce pour les raisons expliquées ci-dessus.Wind turbines used today are limited to wind speeds below 80 or 90 km / h, for the reasons explained above.
Les vitesses "de régime" sont en général de l'ordre de 20 à 30 Km/h. Les turbines à gaz fonctionnent quand à elles avec des vitesses de gaz beaucoup plus élevées, généralement subsoniques de l'ordre de 800 Km/h (les moteurs d'avions pouvant dépasser la vitesse du son) et les rendements sont nettement plus importants ."RPM" speeds are generally of the order of 20 to 30 km / h. Gas turbines operate on their own with much higher gas velocities, generally subsonic of the order of 800 Km / h (the aircraft engines can exceed the speed of sound) and the yields are much higher.
Le système présenté ci-après se situe pour sa part à un niveau intermédiaire de vitesses (de l'ordre de cent à trois cent Km/h) et, selon une caractéristique principale, utilise plusieurs étages d'ailettes (et non d'éoliennes) améliorant nettement le rendement.The system presented below is for its part at an intermediate level of speeds (of the order of one hundred to three hundred km / h) and, according to a main characteristic, uses several stages of fins (and not wind turbines). ) significantly improving the yield.
La présente invention concerne donc un tel système.The present invention thus relates to such a system.
De manière générale, l'invention a en effet pour but de proposer un système conçu pour produire de l'électricité par voie mécanique à partir de la récupération des calories véhiculées à l'intérieur d'un système d'échangeurs de chaleur fixés sur plusieurs étages, c'est à dire de manière factionnées. Les autres caractéristiques sont décrites dans les revendications annexées.In general, the object of the invention is to propose a system designed to produce electricity mechanically from the recovery of calories conveyed inside a system of heat exchangers fixed on several floors, ie in factions. The other features are described in the appended claims.
Entre ces étages d'échangeurs de chaleur fixes viennent s'intercaler des étages comportant des ailettes ou pales fixées sur un axe central, vertical et rotatif, axe qui se prolonge vers le bas jusqu'à devenir l'axe d'un générateur d'électricité situé en partie basse.Between these stages of fixed heat exchangers are interposed stages comprising fins or blades fixed on a central, vertical and rotary axis, which axis extends down to become the axis of a generator. electricity located in the lower part.
Selon un aspect de l'invention, une accélération de vitesse plus ou moins importante peut être obtenue en aménageant une section d'entrée d'air (à la base) nettement plus élevée que la section de sortie de l'air (au sommet) . Un mode de réalisation est décrit ci-après, à titre d'exemple uniquement, en se référant aux dessins en annexe dans lesquels :According to one aspect of the invention, a greater or lesser speed acceleration can be achieved by providing an air intake section (at the base) much higher than the air outlet section (at the top). . An embodiment is described below, by way of example only, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
la fig. 1 représente une demi-coupe verticale d'un arrangement selon l'invention.fig. 1 represents a vertical half-section of an arrangement according to the invention.
les figs. 2 et 3 représentent une coupe horizontale d'un étage de pales (plan A de la fig. 1) présentée sous deux formes de réalisation : pales multiples et pales multiples à recouvrement . Le choix se fait en fonction des dimensions de l'installation et des vitesses de vents atteintes.the figs. 2 and 3 show a horizontal section of a blade stage (plane A of Fig. 1) presented in two embodiments: multiple blades and multiple overlapping blades. The choice is made according to the dimensions of the installation and the wind speeds reached.
Le système est formé d'une tour composée de deux cylindres concentriques 1, 2 ayant le même axe vertical central 20.The system is formed of a tower composed of two concentric cylinders 1, 2 having the same central vertical axis 20.
Un courant d'air artificiel 30, qui est un courant ascendant d'air chaud, est obtenu a partir du contact de l'air avec les parois métalliques fixes d'échangeurs de chaleur 10 (systèmes à ailettes) situés sur plusieurs étages de la tour ( par exemple le niveau du sol et les "érages impairs"), placés entre le cylindre extérieur 1 et le cylindre intérieur 2.An artificial air stream 30, which is an updraft of hot air, is obtained from the contact of air with the fixed metal walls of heat exchangers (finned systems) located on several stages of the turn (eg ground level and odd errations) placed between the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 2.
Le niveau de chauffage de l'air 30 se trouvant au niveau du sol représente le premier niveau 9 de chauffage (en réalité un "préchauffage"), à l'endroit où la section annulaire 7 d'entrée de l'air est plus grande que sortie 8, d'où l'apparition d'un phénomène d'accélération. A ce niveau, l'air est préchauffé en 9 avant de passer par 1 ' échangeur 10a du premier étage El pour être chauffé à nouveau avant de pénétrer dans l'étage E2 , celui 'du premier niveau de pales de turbine. Les «étages pairs» sont mobiles, et tournent autour de l'axe central vertical 20 de la tour, constituant ainsi la partie «turbine» du système. Ils sont constitués d'ailettes ou pales 40 de turbines, soudées sur le cylindre intérieur 2 du système de façon à être entraînées par un mouvement de rotation produit par la force de l'air chaud 30 qui monte à des vitesses pouvant être beaucoup plus élevées que celles des vitesses de régime des éoliennes .The level of air heating at ground level is the first level of heating (actually "preheating"), where the annular air inlet section 7 is larger. than output 8, hence the appearance of an acceleration phenomenon. At this level, the air is preheated in 9 before passing through one heat exchanger 10a of the first stage El to be heated again before entering the stage E2, one 'of the first level of turbine blades. The "even stages" are movable, and rotate around the vertical center axis 20 of the tower, thus constituting the "turbine" part of the system. They consist of turbine blades or vanes 40, welded to the inner cylinder 2 of the system so as to be driven by a rotational movement produced by the force of the hot air 30 which rises at speeds which can be much higher than the speed of the wind turbines.
Les échangeurs 10 sont fixés directement sur le cylindre extérieur 1, et peuvent être en encorbellement ou posés si nécessaire -dans les cas de grandes dimensions- sur l'axe central par l'intermédiaire d'un support 12 de roulements à billes ou d'un arrangement équivalent (étant donné queThe exchangers 10 are fixed directly on the outer cylinder 1, and can be cantilevered or placed if necessary -in the case of large dimensions- on the central axis by means of a support 12 of ball bearings or of an equivalent arrangement (since
1 ' axe sera amené à tourner et que les échangeurs de chaleur sont fixes) .The axis will rotate and the heat exchangers are fixed).
Par contre, les ailettes-pales 40 de turbine sont fixées directement et, de préférence uniquement, sur le cylindre intérieur 2, exactement comme les ailettes d'une turbine sur leur support rotatif. La fig. 1 illustre cependant le cas ou les extrémités des pales reposent sur des consoles annulaires 3.On the other hand, turbine blade vanes 40 are fixed directly and, preferably only, on inner cylinder 2, just like the blades of a turbine on their rotary support. Fig. 1 however illustrates the case where the ends of the blades rest on annular consoles 3.
Le liquide caloporteur 4, circulant dans des canalisations thermiquement isolées, est amené vers 1 ' échangeur le plus haut 1Od, et de là il redescend pour alimenter successivement et dans l'ordre les autres échangeurs 10c, 10b et 10a en partant du plus haut vers le plus bas. Cette circulation du liquide 4 se fait de façon naturelle, comme la circulation naturelle d'eau chaude du chauffage central d'un immeuble, mais peut être "aidée" par une ou quelques pompes de circulation qui donneront au mouvement un rythme constant .The heat transfer liquid 4, circulating in thermally insulated pipes, is fed to the highest exchanger 10d, and from there it descends to supply successively and in sequence the other exchangers 10c, 10b and 10a from the top to the the lowest. This circulation of the liquid 4 is in a natural way, as the natural circulation of hot water from the central heating of a building, but can be "helped" by one or a few circulation pumps that will give the movement a constant rhythm.
Dans sa descente, le liquide caloporteur 4 perd petit à petit ses calories qui sont transférées à l'air environnant .In its descent, the coolant 4 gradually loses its calories which are transferred to the surrounding air.
L'air qui est aspiré dans le bas du système est à la température de l'air extérieur et présente un même degré d'hygrométrie.The air that is drawn into the bottom of the system is at the outside air temperature and has the same degree of hygrometry.
Au contact des ailettes du premier échangeur (préchauffage) au niveau du sol où circule le liquide caloporteur qui a déjà perdu une bonne partie de sa température, l'air est préchauffé. De ce fait il se dilate créant ainsi une surpression qui pousse cet air vers le dessus à travers les dites ailettes de préchauffage avant de passer à travers 1 ' échangeur de chaleur de l'étage El puis les pales 40 de la turbine au niveau de 1 ' étage E2.In contact with the fins of the first heat exchanger (preheating) at the floor where circulates the coolant which has already lost much of its temperature, the air is preheated. As a result, it expands, thus creating an overpressure that pushes this air upwardly through said preheating fins before passing through the heat exchanger of the stage E1 and the blades 40 of the turbine at the level of 1 E2 floor.
De ce fait, il y aura transfert d'énergie par création d'un mouvement circulaire du cylindre central 2, et qui se traduit par une détente et une baisse de température de l'air.As a result, there will be energy transfer by creating a circular movement of the central cylinder 2, which results in a relaxation and a drop in air temperature.
L'air va alors se déplacer vers l'étage impair E3, où il va se trouver en contact avec d'autres échangeurs de chaleur où circule le liquide caloporteur qui est à une température supérieure à celle de l'étage El. Le cycle est ainsi relancé: chauffage supplémentaire, nouvelle surpression, passage à travers les ailettes de l'étage E4, mouvement de rotation supplémentaire imprimé à l'axe, détente et baisse de la température de l'air.The air will then move towards the odd stage E3, where it will be in contact with other heat exchangers where circulates the coolant which is at a temperature higher than that of the stage El. The cycle is thus restarted: additional heating, new overpressure, passage through the fins of the stage E4, additional rotational movement printed on the axis, relaxation and lowering of the air temperature.
II en est ainsi de suite jusqu'à atteindre la toute dernière turbine où, après avoir cédé une partie de son énergie, l'air chaud sera évacué dans l'atmosphère.It is so on until it reaches the very last turbine where, after giving up some of its energy, the hot air will be discharged into the atmosphere.
Il est clair que ce système permet une meilleure utilisation de l'air lorsqu'il passe le premier niveau de rotation (ce qui "contourne" le blocage décrit par Besse) . Ce système s'apparente, dans son principe, à celui des turbines à cycles combinés qui ont un rendement global plus important que les turbines simples.It is clear that this system allows a better use of air when it passes the first level of rotation (which "bypasses" the blocking described by Besse). This system is similar in principle to that of combined cycle turbines which have a higher overall efficiency than single turbines.
La somme des efforts transmis aux pales de la turbine vont ainsi se cumuler pour imprimer au cylindre central 2 (le rotor du système) un mouvement de rotation qui, via le générateur situé sur son socle au bas de la tour, fournira un courant électrique important car basé sur la vitesse de sortie (l'énergie étant fonction du cube de cette vitesse) .The sum of the forces transmitted to the blades of the turbine will accumulate to print to the central cylinder 2 (the rotor of the system) a rotational movement which, via the generator located on its base at the bottom of the tower, will provide a significant electric current because based on the output speed (the energy being a function of the cube of this speed).
On notera que dans sa rotation le générateur 13 va dégager de la chaleur. Etant donné la position du générateur dans la tour, il est évident que cette chaleur va être transmise à l'air ambiant, récupérant ainsi une quantité d'énergie qui peut être estimée pour un cas particulier à 2%.Note that in its rotation the generator 13 will release heat. Given the position of the generator in the tower, it is obvious that this heat will be transmitted to the ambient air, thus recovering a quantity of energy that can be estimated for a particular case at 2%.
Afin de pouvoir utiliser ce système de façon permanente lorsque c'est nécessaire, on peut prévoir un moyen de stockage pour le liquide caloporteur, par exemple dans des réservoirs isolés thermiquement . La chaleur du fluide caloporteur peut provenir de différentes sources, par exemple une source géothermique, des capteurs solaires ou la récupération de chaleur d'un processus industriel .In order to be able to use this system permanently when it is necessary, a storage means can be provided for the coolant, for example in thermally insulated tanks. The heat of the heat transfer fluid can come from different sources, for example a geothermal source, solar collectors or the heat recovery of an industrial process.
Lorsque, pour le chauffage du liquide caloporteur 4, on fait appel à de l'énergie solaire par exemple, le liquide peut être chauffé le jour dans un circuit séparé de celui du fonctionnement diurne et stocké dans un ou plusieurs réservoirs afin d'être utilisé la nuit (l'air extérieur étant moins chaud, ceci donnera par conséquent un rendement meilleur ce qui compense au moins partiellement les pertes dues au refroidissement du liquide caloporteur lors de son stockage) .When, for the heating of the heat transfer liquid 4, solar energy is used for example, the liquid can be heated during the day in a circuit separate from that of the daytime operation and stored in one or more reservoirs in order to be used at night (the outside air being less hot, this will therefore give a better yield which at least partially compensates for the losses due to cooling of the coolant during storage).
Lorsque, pour le chauffage du liquide caloporteur, on fait appel à de l'énergie géothermique, le chauffage et le stockage se feront avantageusement autrement : le liquide caloporteur est constitué d'eau ordinaire qui circule dans des tuyaux à ailettes alignés sur le fond de la mine, tuyaux dont la surface extérieure est protégée des attaques chimiques par exemple par une peinture appropriée .When geothermal energy is used for the heating of the heat transfer liquid, the heating and storage will advantageously be otherwise: the coolant consists of ordinary water which circulates in finned tubes aligned on the bottom of the the mine, pipes whose outer surface is protected from chemical attack for example by a suitable paint.
Comme il faudra un certain temps pour "pomper" les calories de la mine vers le liquide caloporteur, il suffira de prévoir plusieurs réseaux de tuyaux. Si, par exemple, il faut 16 heures pour amener le liquide caloporteur à la température de l'eau du fond de la mine (par exemple 800C), il suffirait alors de prévoir trois réseaux de tuyaux (8 heures pour "vider" les calories d'un réseau et 16 heures pour les récupérer dans le fond de la mine, durant ces 16 heures les deux autres réseaux prenant la relève) . Ainsi, trois réseaux permettent un fonctionnement 24h/24. Vu la constance de la vitesse de rotation (réglable par simple réglage du débit du liquide caloporteur) , le courant électrique obtenu est synchrone et, moyennant une régulation simple (et existante) peut être directement envoyé dans le circuit de distribution, que ce soit en basse, moyenne ou haute tension.Since it will take some time to "pump" the calories from the mine to the coolant, it will be sufficient to provide several pipe networks. If, for example, it takes 16 hours to bring the coolant to the water temperature of the bottom of the mine (for example 80 0 C), then it would be enough to provide three networks of pipes (8 hours to "empty" the calories of a network and 16 hours to recover them in the bottom of the mine, during these 16 hours the other two networks taking over). Thus, three networks allow a 24h / 24 operation. Given the constancy of the rotational speed (adjustable by simple adjustment of the coolant flow rate), the electric current obtained is synchronous and, with simple (and existing) regulation can be directly sent into the distribution circuit, whether in low, medium or high voltage.
L'invention décrit donc un système de transmission et récupération fractionnée de l'énergie d'un fluide caloporteur provoquant un vent artificiel, particulièrement souple et efficace. On comprendra que de nombreuses variantes peuvent être apportées au dispositif de l'invention décrit ci-dessous sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. On peut ainsi prévoir, en particulier au démarrage, des moyens d'embrayage progressif des différent niveaux, de pales par rapport au rotor. The invention therefore describes a transmission system and fractional recovery of the energy of a coolant causing an artificial wind, particularly flexible and efficient. It will be understood that many variations can be made to the device of the invention described below without departing from the scope of the invention. It is thus possible to provide, in particular at startup, progressive clutch means of the different levels of blades relative to the rotor.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Système de production d'énergie à partir d'un fluide caloporteur (4) comprenant un générateur d'électricité (13) associé à une turbine (2) alimentée par un flux d'air (30) admis à la base d'une tour caractérisé en ce que la tour est munie de différent étages de pales (40) , solidarisées à un axe central (2) actionnant le générateur, et en alternance, d'étages d'échangeurs de chaleur (10), lesdites pales étant actionnées par la montée de l'air réchauffé au fur et a mesure de son ascension dans la tour, le fluide caloporteur (4) alimentant les échangeurs de chaleur (10) en descendant à travers ceux-ci à partir de celui situé au plus haut niveau .1. System for producing energy from a coolant (4) comprising an electricity generator (13) associated with a turbine (2) fed by an air flow (30) admitted to the base of a tower characterized in that the tower is provided with different stages of blades (40), secured to a central axis (2) operating the generator, and alternately, stages of heat exchangers (10), said blades being actuated by the rise of the heated air as it ascends into the tower, the coolant (4) supplying the heat exchangers (10) down through them from the highest one level.
2. Système selon la revendication 1 dans lequel la tour et l'axe sont cylindriques et co-axiaux.2. System according to claim 1 wherein the tower and the axis are cylindrical and coaxial.
3. Système selon la revendication 2 dans lequel les échangeurs (10) sont fixés sur le cylindre extérieur (1) en encorbellement .3. System according to claim 2 wherein the exchangers (10) are fixed on the outer cylinder (1) cantilever.
4. Système selon la revendication 3 dans lequel les extrémités intérieures des échangeurs reposent sur 1 ' axe central par l'intermédiaire d'un roulement à billes ou moyen équivalent .4. System according to claim 3 wherein the inner ends of the exchangers rest on the central axis by means of a ball bearing or equivalent means.
5. Système selon n'importe laquelle des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que les pales sont du type à recouvrement . 5. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blades are of the overlap type.
6. Système selon n'importe laquelle des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l'entrée d'air à la base de la tour comprend un système de préchauffage, de préférence par ledit liquide caloporteur.6. System according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the air inlet at the base of the tower comprises a preheating system, preferably by said heat transfer liquid.
7. Système selon n'importe laquelle des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend entre 3 et 10 étages d'échangeurs de pales (40) situés entre des étages d'échangeurs (10) .7. System according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises between 3 and 10 stages of exchangers (40) between exchanger stages (10).
8. Système selon n'importe laquelle des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la section d'entrée (7) d'air à la base de la tour est sensiblement plus importante que la section (8) de sortie d'air au sommet de la tour.8. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air inlet section (7) at the base of the tower is substantially larger than the air outlet section (8) at the top of the tower. tower.
9. Système selon n'importe laquelle des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un dispositif de stockage du fluide caloporteur.9. System according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises a heat transfer fluid storage device.
10. Système selon n'importe laquelle des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la chaleur du fluide caloporteur (4) provient d'un capteur solaire ou d'une source géothermique.10. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat of the coolant (4) is from a solar collector or a geothermal source.
11. Système selon la revendication 10 dans lequel' la source de chaleur est géothermique et dans lequel il est prévu trois réseaux de tuyaux disposé au fond d'une mine, éventuellement désaffectée.11. The system of claim 10 wherein the heat source is geothermal and wherein there is provided three pipe networks disposed at the bottom of a mine, possibly decommissioned.
12. Système selon n'importe laquelle des revendications précédentes dans lequel le fluide caloporteur est l'eau. 12. System according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the coolant is water.
13. Système selon n'importe laquelle des revendications précédentes dans lequel le courant électrique produit est synchrone . 13. System according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the electric current produced is synchronous.
EP06804577A 2006-03-31 2006-11-06 Production of electricity from low-temperature energy sources Withdrawn EP2004994A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE200600203 2006-03-31
PCT/BE2006/000119 WO2007112519A1 (en) 2006-03-31 2006-11-06 Production of electricity from low-temperature energy sources

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2004994A1 true EP2004994A1 (en) 2008-12-24

Family

ID=37708155

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06804577A Withdrawn EP2004994A1 (en) 2006-03-31 2006-11-06 Production of electricity from low-temperature energy sources

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20090315333A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2004994A1 (en)
CN (1) CN101449055A (en)
MX (1) MX2008012652A (en)
WO (1) WO2007112519A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1018684A3 (en) * 2009-03-16 2011-06-07 Azar John IMPROVEMENTS TO A SYSTEM OF ENERGY PRODUCTION.
IT1398362B1 (en) * 2009-04-21 2013-02-22 Pala PLANT OF CONTEMPORARY EXPLOITATION OF WIND AND SOLAR ENERGY
ES1073321Y (en) * 2010-05-19 2011-02-28 Ruiz Jonas Villarrubia SOLAR TOWER, ELECTRICITY GENERATOR, AND DRINKING WATER FROM ATMOSPHERIC AIR HUMIDITY
ES2393453B1 (en) * 2011-04-05 2013-11-07 Jonás VILLARRUBIA RUIZ SOLAR TOWER GENERATOR OF ELECTRICITY AND DRINKING WATER OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR HUMIDITY.
CN109899124A (en) * 2019-04-16 2019-06-18 李福军 Heat U-shaped tower tube multiphase flow boosting turbine efficient circulation power generator

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3894393A (en) * 1974-05-02 1975-07-15 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Power generation through controlled convection (aeroelectric power generation)
US4106295A (en) * 1977-03-14 1978-08-15 Wood P John Air pressure differential energy system
US4453383A (en) * 1981-07-27 1984-06-12 Collins Wayne H Apparatus for and method of utilizing solar energy
US4742682A (en) * 1982-02-18 1988-05-10 Geophysical Engineering Co. Energy-saving, direct-contact, parallel-flow heat exchanger
DE3636248A1 (en) * 1986-10-24 1988-05-05 Eggert Buelk Solar chimney power station
US5284628A (en) * 1992-09-09 1994-02-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Convection towers
US6510687B1 (en) * 1996-06-14 2003-01-28 Sharav Sluices Ltd. Renewable resource hydro/aero-power generation plant and method of generating hydro/aero-power
US5983634A (en) * 1998-03-18 1999-11-16 Drucker; Ernest R. Solar energy powerplant with mobile reflector walls
US7663262B2 (en) * 2003-07-14 2010-02-16 Marquiss Wind Power, Inc. System and method for converting wind into mechanical energy for a building and the like
US7368828B1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2008-05-06 Calhoon Scott W Wind energy system
US7821153B2 (en) * 2009-02-09 2010-10-26 Grayhawke Applied Technologies System and method for generating electricity

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2007112519A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MX2008012652A (en) 2009-02-19
WO2007112519A1 (en) 2007-10-11
US20090315333A1 (en) 2009-12-24
CN101449055A (en) 2009-06-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP6581679B2 (en) Hydro turbine using variable buoyancy
US9097242B2 (en) Low differential temperature rotary engines
US5694774A (en) Solar energy powerplant
US20120138447A1 (en) Solar desalination system with solar-initiated wind power pumps
US9091269B2 (en) Generation and use of high pressure air
CA2648654C (en) Wind and updraft turbine
US10378519B1 (en) Method for generating electrical power using a solar chimney having an inflatable fresnel lens
EP2004994A1 (en) Production of electricity from low-temperature energy sources
EP1741927A1 (en) Solar chimney energy generator
EP2855861B1 (en) Coupling of a turbopump for molten salts
FR3025593A1 (en) HYDROELECTRIC SOLAR TOWER WITH PONCTUAL CONCENTRATION
FR2973080A1 (en) SOLAR HYBRID POWER PLANT / WIND TURBINE
BE1020701A3 (en) COUPLING OF TURBOPOMPE FOR FILLED SALTS.
FR2484554A3 (en) Windmill producing heat and electricity - uses shaft to heat water by mechanical work and also rotates shaft of electricity generator
BE1018684A3 (en) IMPROVEMENTS TO A SYSTEM OF ENERGY PRODUCTION.
BR102018007599A2 (en) TURBINE DRIVING PROCESS CONNECTED TO A GENERATOR FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION FROM REFLECTION AND CONVERGENCE OF SUN RAYS AT TETRAEDRIC EXTRUSION POINTS
WO2024218634A1 (en) Air flow generator tunnel
EP2666976A1 (en) Coupling of a turbopump for molten salts
FR2793523A1 (en) Power plant generating electrical energy and comprising turbo-alternator means
AU2013203455A1 (en) Generation and use of high pressure air
WO2009144656A1 (en) Process and installation for extracting and converting thermal energy from the environment
WO2011092716A1 (en) Cyclonic aero-hydro multi storage power plant

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20081029

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20110601