EP1986964B1 - Process for eliminating organic matter and for generating energy - Google Patents
Process for eliminating organic matter and for generating energy Download PDFInfo
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- EP1986964B1 EP1986964B1 EP07730999.5A EP07730999A EP1986964B1 EP 1986964 B1 EP1986964 B1 EP 1986964B1 EP 07730999 A EP07730999 A EP 07730999A EP 1986964 B1 EP1986964 B1 EP 1986964B1
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- Prior art keywords
- organic substance
- process according
- carried out
- reactor
- organic matter
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/80—Shredding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/30—Combustion in a pressurised chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/70—Incinerating particular products or waste
- F23G2900/7002—Animal fat, e.g. lard, tallow, stearin
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/70—Incinerating particular products or waste
- F23G2900/7003—Incinerating litter from animals, e.g. poultry litter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/70—Incinerating particular products or waste
- F23G2900/7004—Incinerating contaminated animal meals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/70—Incinerating particular products or waste
- F23G2900/7009—Incinerating human or animal corpses or remains
Description
La présente invention a pour objet un nouveau procédé d'élimination de matières organiques et de production d'énergie.The present invention relates to a new process for the removal of organic matter and energy production.
Dans la société actuelle, l'élimination des déchets et en particulier des matières organiques notamment d'origine animale, revêt une importance de plus en plus grande.In today's society, the disposal of waste, particularly organic matter, particularly of animal origin, is of increasing importance.
En outre, l'apparition de certains facteurs de maladies comme le prion, implique une destruction radicale de beaucoup de matières organiques.In addition, the appearance of certain disease factors, such as the prion, involves a radical destruction of many organic materials.
Les déchets à éliminer peuvent être solides, ou non solides.The waste to be disposed of can be solid or non-solid.
On sait par exemple déjà éliminer certains déchets par pyrolyse, c'est-à-dire par combustion à haute température dans un four.For example, it is already possible to eliminate certain wastes by pyrolysis, that is to say by combustion at high temperature in an oven.
Des procédés de traitements des eaux usées par l'oxydation par voie humide sont décrits par
En ce qui concerne plus particulièrement par exemple les carcasses animales, on transforme tout d'abord le produit brut en un déchet solide appelé farines animales, qui sont ensuite détruites par incinération, c'est-à-dire par combustion à la flamme à température supérieure à 850°C.With particular reference for example to animal carcasses, the raw product is first transformed into a solid waste called animal meal, which is then destroyed by incineration, that is to say by combustion with the flame at temperature. greater than 850 ° C.
Mais l'incinération produit des dioxines, et elle doit être réalisée sur des farines génératrices de poussières qui peuvent être toxiques.But the incineration produces dioxins, and it must be carried out on flour generating dust which can be toxic.
Il serait donc souhaitable de trouver une technique efficace d'élimination des matières organiques, permettant de travailler directement sur le produit brut, ne produisant pas de toxines et permettant d'éviter la formation de poussières potentiellement toxiques.It would therefore be desirable to find an effective technique for the removal of organic matter, which makes it possible to work directly on the raw product, which does not produce toxins and which makes it possible to avoid the formation of potentially toxic dusts.
Il serait également souhaitable de trouver un procédé qui ne soit pas demandeur en énergie et même si possible qui produise de l'énergie plutôt qu'en consommer.It would also be desirable to find a process that does not demand energy and even if possible that produces energy rather than consuming it.
Après de longues recherches, les demandeurs ont trouvé un procédé donnant satisfaction.After extensive research, the applicants have found a satisfactory process.
Ce procédé est essentiellement fondé sur une combustion sans flamme à température relativement basse, et sous pression, en présence d'un comburant oxygéné tel que l'air.This process is essentially based on a flameless combustion at a relatively low temperature, and under pressure, in the presence of an oxygenated oxidant such as air.
L'invention est mise en oeuvre par le procédé selon la revendication 1.The invention is implemented by the process according to claim 1.
Rappelons que le terme « matière organique » désigne la matière carbonée provenant des êtres vivants ou non, végétaux ou animaux. Plus précisément il s'agit de matières capables de se décomposer. Cette notion ne doit pas être confondue avec celle de « composé organique », famille à laquelle appartiennent notamment les plastiques et les polymères et plus particulièrement les PCB (PolyChloro-Biphényles), également appelés, notamment au Québec, BPC (Biphényles PolyChlorés) ainsi que les polychloroterphényles, le monométhyl tétrachlorodiphénylméthane, le monométhyl dichlorodiphénylméthane et le monométhyl dibromodiphénylméthane qui y sont assimilés.Remember that the term "organic matter" refers to the carbonaceous material from living or non living beings, plants or animals. More precisely, it is about materials able to decompose. This concept should not be confused with that of "organic compound", a family to which belong in particular plastics and polymers and more particularly PCBs (PolyChloro-Biphenyls), also called, especially in Quebec, PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) as well as polychlorinated terphenyls, monomethyl tetrachlorodiphenylmethane, monomethyl dichlorodiphenylmethane and monomethyl dibromodiphenylmethane, which are assimilated thereto.
Selon la présente invention, les matières organiques traitées ne sont pas sous forme solide. Elles se trouvent sous forme d'une bouillie pâteuse.According to the present invention, the treated organic materials are not in solid form. They are in the form of a slurry.
Selon l'invention, on traite des produits bruts non dégraissés.According to the invention, raw products which are not defatted are treated.
Selon l'invention la matière organique est d'origine animale (y compris l'homme) notamment les sous-produits animaux dont les sous-produits avicoles et de pêcherie et les déchets animaux.According to the invention the organic matter is of animal origin (including humans) including animal by-products including poultry by-products and fisheries and animal waste.
On peut citer en particulier les matières organiques d'origine animale comme ceux provenant de bovins, porcins, caprins, volailles, équidés, rongeurs comme les lapins et lièvres. On peut citer aussi en particulier les déchets en sortie d'abattoir ou d'équarrissage des animaux, par exemple, des carcasses de boeufs, de volailles, de cochons, de moutons, et des graisses animales provenant de la préparation des viandes. On peut citer encore les lisiers et les déchets de pêcherie.Mention may in particular be made of organic materials of animal origin, such as those derived from cattle, pigs, goats, poultry, equines, rodents such as rabbits and hares. It is also possible to mention in particular the waste exiting the slaughterhouse or rendering animals, for example carcasses of cattle, poultry, pigs, sheep, and animal fats from the preparation of meat. Another example is slurry and fishery waste.
Certaines de ces matières peuvent se présenter sous la forme de cadavres ou de carcasses. Il peut aussi s'agir de parties animales comme le sang, les pieds, la tête, les cornes, le mufle, les amygdales/anneau lymphatique pharyngien, le pénis, la queue, les poumons, les reins, l'oesophage, le foie, le coeur, le diaphragme, la rate, les pré-estomacs, l'estomac, les testicules, la trachée, le larynx, les bronches extralobulaires, la vésicule biliaire, la bile, la graisse, l'intestin, le mésentère les anus, les organes génitaux femelles, les mamelles, les foetus, la moelle épinière et la dure mère, la colonne vertébrale, le sacrum, les tendons, les ligaments, les tissus nerveux, les tissus lymphatiques, les vaisseaux sanguins, la viande non destinée à l'alimentation. Il peut aussi s'agir de déchets métaboliques.Some of these materials may be in the form of corpses or carcasses. It may also be animal parts such as blood, feet, head, horns, muffle, tonsils / pharyngeal lymphatic ring, penis, tail, lungs, kidneys, esophagus, liver , the heart, the diaphragm, the spleen, the pre-stomachs, the stomach, the testicles, the trachea, larynx, extralobular bronchi, gallbladder, bile, fat, intestine, mesentery anus, female genitalia, udders, fetuses, spinal cord and hard mother, spine , sacrum, tendons, ligaments, nerve tissues, lymphatic tissues, blood vessels, meat not intended for food. It can also be metabolic waste.
On peut également traiter des déchets de toute sorte provenant de l'industrie pharmaceutique ou des hôpitaux ou hôpitaux vétérinaires par exemple comme des cotons, linges ou compresses souillés, des déchets anatomiques d'origine humaine ou animale comme ceux précités.We can also treat waste of any kind from the pharmaceutical industry or veterinary hospitals or hospitals, for example as cottons, linens or compresses soiled, anatomical waste of human or animal origin as those mentioned above.
On peut encore citer en particulier les matières organiques en suspension ou solution dans les eaux usées (encore appelées eaux résiduaires) ou de lavage. Les eaux usées domestiques se composent des eaux vannes d'évacuation des toilettes, des eaux ménagères d'évacuation des cuisines et salles de bains. Les déchets présents dans ces eaux souillées sont constitués par des matières organiques dégradables et des matières minérales. Ces substances sont sous forme dissoute ou en suspension. Pour rappel les réseaux d'eaux usées aboutissent à des stations d'épuration où les eaux sont traitées et où l'essentiel des matières organiques se retrouve sous forme de boues.Mention may also be made in particular of organic materials in suspension or solution in wastewater (also called waste water) or washing. Domestic sewage consists of toilet flushing gates, greywater evacuation kitchens and bathrooms. Waste in these dirty waters consists of degradable organic matter and mineral matter. These substances are in dissolved or suspended form. As a reminder, the wastewater networks lead to treatment plants where the water is treated and where most of the organic matter is in the form of sludge.
On peut traiter aussi bien les boues primaires, dépôts récupérés par simple décantation des eaux usés et présentant des concentrations élevées en matières minérales (sables, terre...) mais aussi en matière organique, que les boues physico-chimiques, boues ressemblant aux boues primaires mais auxquelles il a été rajouté un réactif (sels de fer, d'aluminium, ou autres agents floculants) pour agglomérer les particules fines et améliorer la décantation, que les boues biologiques encore appelées boues secondaires, et provenant d'une épuration biologique des eaux (boues activées, lits bactériens...). On peut citer aussi les boues mixtes constituées d'un mélange de boues primaires et biologiques et les boues d'aération prolongée obtenues sans décantation primaire avec des matières polluantes intensivement aérées.It is possible to treat both primary sludge, deposits recovered by simple decantation of waste water and having high concentrations of mineral matter (sands, earth ...) but also organic matter, that physicochemical sludge, sludge-like sludge but to which a reagent (salts of iron, aluminum, or other flocculating agents) has been added to agglomerate the fine particles and to improve the settling, that the biological sludge still called secondary sludge, and resulting from a biological purification of waters (activated sludge, bacterial beds ...). Mixed sludge consisting of a mixture of primary and biological sludge and prolonged aeration sludge obtained without primary settling with highly aerated pollutants can also be mentioned.
On peut encore citer les sous-produits animaux non destinés à la consommation humaine de catégories 1 2 et 3 selon le règlement du 3 octobre 2002 établissant en France les règles sanitaires applicables aux sous-produits animaux non destinés à la consommation humaine.We can also mention animal by-products not intended for human consumption categories 1 2 and 3 according to the regulation of October 3, 2002 establishing in France the sanitary rules applicable to animal by-products not intended for human consumption.
Selon l'invention, les déchets sont mis en oeuvre dans le procédé sous forme réduite.According to the invention, the waste is used in the reduced form process.
Par "forme réduite" l'on entend que les morceaux de matières organiques ou contenant des matières organiques sont de petite taille. Selon l'invention ils se présentent sous forme d'une bouillie pâteuse. La granulométrie d'au moins avantageusement 50%, de préférence 80%, notamment 90% des morceaux est avantageusement inférieure à 20 mm, de préférence inférieure à 15 mm, notamment inférieure à 10 mm, tout particulièrement inférieure à 5 mm (évaluation par tamisage).By "reduced form" is meant that the pieces of organic material or containing organic material are small. According to the invention they are in the form of a pasty slurry. The particle size of at least preferably 50%, preferably 80%, especially 90% of the pieces is advantageously less than 20 mm, preferably less than 15 mm, especially less than 10 mm, more particularly less than 5 mm (evaluation by sieving ).
On opère avantageusement sur une bouillie de la matière organique que l'on souhaite traiter.It is advantageous to operate on a slurry of the organic material that it is desired to treat.
L'état des produits (solide, bouillie, etc.) est indiqué classiquement pour des conditions normales de température et de pression.The condition of the products (solid, slurry, etc.) is classically indicated for normal temperature and pressure conditions.
Le procédé de l'invention est mis en oeuvre entre 240 et 400°C, de préférence entre 250 et 350°C, particulièrement entre 280 et 320°C.The process of the invention is carried out between 240 and 400 ° C, preferably between 250 and 350 ° C, particularly between 280 and 320 ° C.
Le procédé de l'invention est mis oeuvre sous une pression de 100 à 300 bars, de préférence entre 150 et 250 bars, de préférence entre 180 et 230 bars, particulièrement environ 200 bars.The process of the invention is carried out under a pressure of 100 to 300 bar, preferably between 150 and 250 bar, preferably between 180 and 230 bar, particularly about 200 bar.
A titre de comburant, on peut citer les composés oxygénés.Oxidizing compounds that may be mentioned include oxygenates.
Dans des conditions préférentielles de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on utilise de l'oxygène, notamment sous forme d'air éventuellement en mélange avec un ou plusieurs autres gaz.Under preferred conditions of implementation of the invention, oxygen is used, in particular in the form of air optionally mixed with one or more other gases.
Dans encore d'autres conditions préférentielles de mise en oeuvre, on utilise des composés oxygénés provenant de déchets ou sous produits de l'industrie, comme par exemple l'oxyde de diazote.In still other preferred conditions of implementation, oxygenates are used from waste or by-products of the industry, such as, for example, nitrous oxide.
On procède avantageusement en présence d'un excès de comburant.Advantageously proceed in the presence of an excess of oxidant.
A cette fin, on peut préalablement déterminer la demande chimique en oxygène (DCO) de la matière organique que l'on souhaite traiter. Rappelons que la DCO exprime la quantité d'oxygène nécessaire pour oxyder la matière organique (biodégradable ou non) à l'aide d'un oxydant, le bichromate de potassium.For this purpose, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the organic material which it is desired to treat can be determined beforehand. Recall that the COD expresses the amount of oxygen necessary to oxidize the organic material (biodegradable or not) using an oxidant, potassium dichromate.
Dans encore d'autres conditions préférentielles de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on opère en présence d'un catalyseur, notamment à base de (Cu, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Ti, notamment sur différents supports comme les oxydes d'aluminium, de cérium ou de silicium.In still other preferred conditions of implementation of the invention, one operates in the presence of a catalyst, in particular based on (Cu, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Ti, especially on different supports such as aluminum oxides, cerium or silicon.
Le catalyseur sera par exemple un oxyde métallique, comme l'oxyde de sélénium, de rhénium ou d'hafnium, ou ceux cités dans les exemples.The catalyst will for example be a metal oxide, such as selenium oxide, rhenium or hafnium, or those mentioned in the examples.
Le catalyseur peut être par exemple utilisé à raison de 2 g/L environ.The catalyst may for example be used at a rate of approximately 2 g / l.
Il peut notamment être mis en oeuvre à pH d'environ12.It can especially be used at a pH of about 12.
Dans encore d'autres conditions préférentielles, on utilisera une zéolite.In still other preferred conditions, a zeolite will be used.
Le temps de la réaction dépend de la quantité de matière organique introduite au départ. Le temps de réaction peut varier de 20 min. à 120 min. pour des concentrations en carbone comprises entre 5 g et 40 g par litre, avantageusement de 20 à 120 min, de préférence de 60 à 100 min, tout particulièrement de 75 à 90 min.The reaction time depends on the amount of organic material introduced initially. The reaction time can vary from 20 minutes. at 120 min. for carbon concentrations of between 5 g and 40 g per liter, preferably 20 to 120 min, preferably 60 to 100 min, most preferably 75 to 90 min.
Le procédé de l'invention étant autotherme, le chauffage initial peut être interrompu dès que la température fixée est atteinte.The method of the invention being autothermal, the initial heating can be interrupted as soon as the set temperature is reached.
Dans d'autres conditions préférentielles de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on chauffe un ou plusieurs des effluents d'entrée, par exemple le comburant ou les matières organiques supplémentaires à traiter dans le cas d'une mise en oeuvre en semi-continu, ou continu, grâce à l'énergie produite par la mise en oeuvre du procédé.In other preferred conditions of implementation of the invention, one or more of the inlet effluents are heated, for example the oxidant or the additional organic materials to be treated in the case of a semi-continuous implementation. or continuous, thanks to the energy produced by the implementation of the method.
Dans encore d'autres conditions préférentielles de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on évacue l'énergie calorifique produite par la réaction à l'aide d'un fluide notamment aqueux, comme à l'aide d'effluents industriels, et plus particulièrement à l'aide d'effluents de centres d'abattage pour le traitement sur place des matières animales crues.In still other preferred conditions of implementation of the invention, the heat energy produced by the reaction is removed using a particularly aqueous fluid, such as using industrial effluents, and more particularly using slaughterhouse effluents for the on-site treatment of raw animal material.
Le système d'agitation peut être un système classique à pales. Dans des conditions préférentielles de mise en oeuvre, le comburant, de préférence l'air, sert ou notamment contribue à l'agitation de la matière organique traitée.The agitation system may be a conventional blade system. Under preferred conditions of use, the oxidizer, preferably air, serves or in particular contributes to the agitation of the treated organic material.
Pour cela, il est avantageusement injecté sous pression au sein de la matière organique.For this, it is advantageously injected under pressure in the organic material.
Selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre qui ne fait pas partie de l'invention, le procédé peut être mis en oeuvre de manière discontinue, semi-continue, ou continue. Le réacteur sera adapté à la forme de mise en oeuvre du procédé. C'est de manière générale toute enceinte adaptée capable de supporter de hautes température et pression.According to an exemplary implementation which does not form part of the invention, the method can be implemented in a discontinuous, semi-continuous or continuous manner. The reactor will be adapted to the shape of implementation of the method. It is generally any suitable enclosure capable of withstanding high temperature and pressure.
En fin de mise en oeuvre de procédé, on obtient une suspension aqueuse contenant essentiellement des minéraux.At the end of the process, an aqueous suspension containing essentially minerals is obtained.
Celle-ci, selon sa composition, peut être retraitée ou rejetée directement dans la nature ou transférée dans une station d'épuration.Depending on its composition, it can be reprocessed or rejected directly in the wild or transferred to a treatment plant.
La phase minérale est un déchet ultimeThe mineral phase is an ultimate waste
Le procédé de l'invention est doté de remarquables qualités. Il permet de détruire efficacement les matières organiques traitées, en particulier les protéines, et tout particulièrement le prion.The process of the invention is endowed with remarkable qualities. It effectively destroys treated organic materials, especially proteins, and especially the prion.
Il permet de transformer cette matière organique essentiellement en des matières minérales, de l'eau et du gaz carbonique.It makes it possible to transform this organic matter essentially into mineral matter, water and carbon dioxide.
Le procédé en outre offre l'avantage d'être autotherme. Lorsque la combustion est entamée, il n'est en effet plus nécessaire d'apporter d'énergie supplémentaire.The method further has the advantage of being autothermal. When the combustion is started, it is indeed no longer necessary to provide additional energy.
On obtient même une énergie excédentaire qui permet par exemple de chauffer des effluents d'entrée par exemple le comburant ou les matières organiques supplémentaires à traiter. De préférence on amène les effluents à température de réaction.Even an excess energy is obtained which allows, for example, to heat inlet effluents, for example the oxidant or the additional organic materials to be treated. Preferably, the effluents are brought to the reaction temperature.
La quantité d'eau nécessaire pour évacuer l'énergie calorifique produite par la réaction peut être apportée par des effluents industriels, et plus particulièrement des effluents de centres d'abattage pour le traitement sur place des matières animales crues. On peut utiliser cette énergie produite également pour réaliser ou compléter un chauffage urbain.The quantity of water needed to evacuate the heat energy produced by the reaction can be provided by industrial effluents, and more particularly effluents from slaughterhouses for the on-site treatment of raw animal materials. This energy produced can also be used to produce or complete district heating.
Le procédé de l'invention permet non seulement de travailler sur des farines animales, comme c'est le cas des incinérateurs, mais également sur des produits bruts.The method of the invention allows not only to work on animal meal, as is the case of incinerators, but also on raw products.
L'invention peut être mis en oeuvre simplement dans un réacteur capable de supporter les pressions ci-dessus, par exemple en utilisant un réacteur muni d'un système de chauffage, d'un système d'introduction du comburant, d'un système d'introduction de matières organiques, un système d'agitation, un système d'évacuation de gaz, une sortie basse pour la matière minérale, et de préférence des sondes eaux et bains.The invention can be implemented simply in a reactor capable of withstanding the above pressures, for example by using a reactor equipped with a heating system, an oxidizer introduction system, a combustion system or introduction of organic materials, a stirring system, a gas evacuation system, a low output for the mineral material, and preferably water and bath probes.
Les propriétés ci-dessus sont illustrées ci-après dans la partie expérimentale. Elles justifient l'utilisation des procédés ci-dessus décrits, dans la fabrication d'énergie.The above properties are illustrated hereinafter in the experimental section. They justify the use of the processes described above in the manufacture of energy.
C'est pourquoi la présente demande a aussi pour objet un procédé de production d'énergie dans lequel on installe dans un réacteur une matière organique sous forme broyée, on procède à sa combustion sans flamme à une température de 240 à 400 °C, sous une pression de 100 à 300 bars, en présence d'un comburant oxygéné, pendant au moins 20 minutes, tout en procédant à l'agitation du milieu et on récupère l'énergie produite par la combustion.This is why the present application also relates to a method of producing energy in which a material is placed in a reactor in crushed form, its flameless combustion is carried out at a temperature of 240 to 400.degree. a pressure of 100 to 300 bar, in the presence of an oxygenated oxidant, for at least 20 minutes, while stirring the medium and recovering the energy produced by the combustion.
La récupération de l'énergie produite par la combustion peut notamment être obtenue par utilisation d'un ou plusieurs échangeurs de chaleur, notamment des échangeurs à plaques et ailettes brasés.The recovery of the energy produced by the combustion can in particular be obtained by using one or more heat exchangers, in particular brazed plate and fin exchangers.
L'énergie ainsi produite et récupérée par exemple sous forme de fluide chaud, par exemple eau chaude, peut être utilisée classiquement.The energy thus produced and recovered for example in the form of hot fluid, for example hot water, can be used conventionally.
Les conditions préférentielles de mise en oeuvre des procédés de destruction d'une matière organique ci-dessus décrites s'appliquent également aux autres objets de l'invention visés ci-dessus, notamment aux procédés de production d'énergie.The preferred conditions of implementation of the organic material destruction processes described above also apply to the other objects of the invention referred to above, in particular to energy production processes.
La
On introduit manuellement un lot de (système batch) 20 grammes de substrat dans un réacteur de traitement oxydatif à chaud, et fermé hermétiquement.A batch of (batch system) 20 grams of substrate is manually introduced into a hot oxidative treatment reactor, and sealed.
Le réacteur de traitement oxydatif à chaud utilisé est un autoclave de volume utile de 450 mL formé d'un creuset en acier inoxydable et d'un couvercle en Hastelloy C276, fonctionnant en régime sous-critique. L'appareillage est conçu pour supporter une température maximale de 400°C et une pression maximale de 30 MPa. Le chauffage du réacteur se fait grâce à un four électrique d'une puissance de 4500W, placé autour de l'autoclave. Le système est également muni d'un agitateur mécanique et d'un manomètre. La sécurité de l'ensemble est assurée par une électrovanne et un disque de rupture. Le réacteur possède également deux lignes d'alimentation / prélèvement liquide et gazeux.The hot oxidative treatment reactor used is a 450-mL volume autoclave made of a stainless steel crucible and a Hastelloy C276 lid, operating under subcritical conditions. The equipment is designed to withstand a maximum temperature of 400 ° C and a maximum pressure of 30 MPa. The reactor is heated using an electric oven with a power of 4500W, placed around the autoclave. The system is also equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a manometer. The safety of the assembly is ensured by a solenoid valve and a rupture disc. The reactor also has two feed lines / liquid and gaseous withdrawal.
Le substrat traité est constitué de 20 g de matières animales crues (8 g en poids sec), non dégraissées, se présentant sous forme d'une bouillie pâteuse brune avec une odeur caractéristique et une granulométrie inférieure à 5 mm.The treated substrate consists of 20 g of raw animal material (8 g dry weight), not defatted, in the form of a brown pasty slurry with a characteristic odor and a particle size less than 5 mm.
La composition des échantillons donnée ci-dessous a été déterminée par rapport aux matières sèches.The sample composition given below was determined in relation to dry matter.
Composition moyenne des matières animales crues :
COT = Carbone Organique Total
TOC = Total Organic Carbon
Une agitation mécanique est maintenue en continu à 500 tr/min. Le four est ensuite mis en marche et le thermostat réglé pour atteindre une température à l'intérieur du réacteur de 280°C.Mechanical agitation is continuously maintained at 500 rpm. The oven is then turned on and the thermostat set to reach a temperature inside the reactor of 280 ° C.
À la température fixée, de l'air est injecté et la pression est fixée à 200 bars. Le thermostat s'arrête. Un flux continu d'air est assuré à l'aide d'une micro fuite en sortie du réacteur. On laisse réagir pendant 60 min.At the set temperature, air is injected and the pressure is set at 200 bar. The thermostat stops. A continuous flow of air is provided by means of a micro leak at the outlet of the reactor. Allowed to react for 60 min.
On évacue l'énergie calorifique produite par la réaction à l'aide d'eau.The heat energy produced by the reaction is evacuated with water.
La réaction d'oxydation hydrothermale optimale produit un effluent liquide. Cet effluent contient 1,6 g/L de COT (dont 0,8 g d'acide acétique) et 1,6 g/L d'ammoniaque. La destruction de la matière organique représente un abattement supérieur à 99 %.The optimal hydrothermal oxidation reaction produces a liquid effluent. This effluent contains 1.6 g / L of TOC (including 0.8 g of acetic acid) and 1.6 g / L of ammonia. The destruction of organic matter represents an abatement of more than 99%.
En fin de réaction, la phase solide contient environ 400 mg de matière minérale et inerte, ce qui représente une réduction de 95% des matières sèches. Cette phase solide contient une quantité négligeable de matière organique.At the end of the reaction, the solid phase contains about 400 mg of inorganic and inert material, which represents a reduction of 95% of the solids. This solid phase contains a negligible amount of organic matter.
Les effluents gazeux produits sont séparés et collectés à l'aide d'un condenseur puis piégés dans une solution acide (HCl) puis basique (NaOH).The gaseous effluents produced are separated and collected using a condenser and then trapped in an acidic solution (HCl) and then basic (NaOH).
On opère comme indiqué ci-dessus à l'exemple 1, mais en ajoutant 2 g/L à pH 12 de catalyseur de platine sur alumine. La valeur COT de l'effluent de sortie n'est plus que de 60 mg/L.The procedure is as indicated above in Example 1, but adding 2 g / L to pH 12 of platinum catalyst on alumina. The TOC value of the outlet effluent is only 60 mg / L.
On opère comme indiqué ci-dessus à l'exemple 1, mais en ajoutant 2 g/L à pH 12 de catalyseur de palladium sur alumine. La valeur de la concentration d'ammoniaque n'est plus que de 32 mg/L.The procedure is as indicated above in Example 1, but adding 2 g / L to pH 12 of palladium catalyst on alumina. The value of the ammonia concentration is only 32 mg / L.
Pour les trois exemples, il n'a pas été possible de détecter la présence de protéines dans le milieu final par la technique de détermination utilisée.For the three examples, it was not possible to detect the presence of proteins in the final medium by the determination technique used.
Le procédé de l'invention est donc efficace pour éliminer notamment le prion, tant dans les matières organiques que dans des farines animales.The method of the invention is therefore effective to eliminate in particular the prion, both in organic materials than in animal meal.
Claims (10)
- Autothermal process for destroying an organic substance by hydrothermal oxidation, in which the said organic substance is put into a reactor in the milled form, and its flame-free combustion is carried out at a temperature of 240 to 400°C, under a pressure of 100 to 300 bars for at least 20 minutes, while stirring the medium and in the presence of an oxygenated fuel,
the said process being characterized in that
the organic substance is not free of fat, is of animal origin and is provided in the form of a thick slurry. - Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the organic substance is an organic substance originating from those in suspension or solution in sewage (waste water).
- Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the particle size of at least 50% of the pieces of the organic substance is less than 20 mm.
- Process according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is carried out between 250 and 350°C.
- Process according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is carried out between 150 and 250 bars.
- Process according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the oxygenated fuel comprises air.
- Process according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is carried out in the presence of an excess of fuel.
- Process according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, for example based on Cu, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh or Ti.
- Process according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the fuel is injected under pressure within the organic substance in order to stir it.
- Process for the production of energy in which an organic substance in the milled form is put into a reactor, its flame-free combustion is carried out as defined in one of Claims 1 to 9 and the energy produced by the combustion is recovered.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0601481A FR2897674B1 (en) | 2006-02-20 | 2006-02-20 | PROCESS FOR REMOVING ORGANIC MATERIALS AND GENERATING ENERGY |
| PCT/FR2007/000288 WO2007096506A1 (en) | 2006-02-20 | 2007-02-16 | Process for eliminating organic matter and for generating energy |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP1986964A1 EP1986964A1 (en) | 2008-11-05 |
| EP1986964B1 true EP1986964B1 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
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| US (1) | US20090235849A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1986964B1 (en) |
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| WO (1) | WO2007096506A1 (en) |
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| US3301201A (en) * | 1964-09-29 | 1967-01-31 | Diamond Int Corp | Furnace |
| US4113446A (en) * | 1975-07-22 | 1978-09-12 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Gasification process |
| US5106513A (en) * | 1990-01-31 | 1992-04-21 | Modar, Inc. | Process for oxidation of materials in water at supercritical temperatures and subcritical pressures |
| US5492621A (en) * | 1994-03-23 | 1996-02-20 | Curtis; Robert L. | Sewage water and solids treatment and disposal system |
| FR2820753A3 (en) * | 2001-02-12 | 2002-08-16 | Hubert Juillet | PROCESS FOR TRANSFORMING ANIMAL MEAL AND OTHER ORGANIC MATERIALS INTO COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID HYDROCARBONS |
| SE522762C2 (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2004-03-02 | A Kullendorff Ab Prof | Method of combustion of animal fuel |
| US6709602B2 (en) * | 2001-04-23 | 2004-03-23 | General Atomics | Process for hydrothermal treatment of materials |
| JP2003310791A (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2003-11-05 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Hydrothermal oxidation decomposing processing method |
| JP2003310790A (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2003-11-05 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Hydrothermal oxidation decomposing method |
| FR2840601B1 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2005-03-11 | Const Mecaniques Consultants | DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF WET-OXIDATION PROCESSING OF INDUSTRIAL, URBAN, AGRICULTURAL OR PETROLEUM EFFLUENTS |
| US7162960B2 (en) * | 2004-01-08 | 2007-01-16 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Process for reducing plume opacity |
| WO2005077514A1 (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2005-08-25 | Osaka Industrial Promotion Organization | Method for producing product decomposed with subcritical water and apparatus for decomposition treatment with subcritical water |
-
2006
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- 2007-02-16 US US12/279,929 patent/US20090235849A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-02-16 WO PCT/FR2007/000288 patent/WO2007096506A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| KOLACZKOWSKI S T ET AL: "Wet air oxidation: a review of process technologies and aspects in reactor design", CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, ELSEVIER SEQUOIA, LAUSANNE, CH, vol. 73, 1 January 1999 (1999-01-01), pages 143 - 160, XP002215465, ISSN: 1385-8947, DOI: 10.1016/S1385-8947(99)00022-4 * |
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| FR2897674A1 (en) | 2007-08-24 |
| FR2897674B1 (en) | 2015-03-20 |
| US20090235849A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
| WO2007096506A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
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