EP1983495A1 - Smoke detector with device adjacent to a reflector for selecting a light beam - Google Patents

Smoke detector with device adjacent to a reflector for selecting a light beam Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1983495A1
EP1983495A1 EP08103541A EP08103541A EP1983495A1 EP 1983495 A1 EP1983495 A1 EP 1983495A1 EP 08103541 A EP08103541 A EP 08103541A EP 08103541 A EP08103541 A EP 08103541A EP 1983495 A1 EP1983495 A1 EP 1983495A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
cover
smoke detector
reflector
light beam
wall
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EP08103541A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1983495B1 (en
Inventor
Adrien Maillard
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Fabrication D'applications Et De Realisations Electroniques
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Fabrication D'applications Et De Realisations Electroniques
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a smoke detector intended to be arranged in a room subjected to ambient light.
  • the transmitting means and the receiving means are generally fixed on a wall of a room, the reflector being fixed on the opposite wall of this room.
  • the light beam emitted by the emission means is reflected by the reflector and is received by the receiving means.
  • the operating circuit calculates the ratio between, for example, the power of the emitted light beam and the power of the light beam received. This ratio is compared with values established during a learning phase to define the degree of transparency of the air located between the transmitting means, the receiving means and the reflector.
  • smoke particles When smoke particles are present in the room, they reflect in all directions the emitted beam and the reflected beam, so that the value of the ratio calculated by the operating circuit increases. When this ratio is greater than a predefined value, it triggers an alarm signal.
  • the transmitting means and the receiving means are positioned several meters from the reflector (from 5 to 100 m).
  • the reflector is often small, for example of the order of ten centimeters.
  • the light reflected by the reflector is diffused in all directions so that only part of it is received by the receiving means.
  • emission means adapted to emit a modulated light beam or a light beam having a single wavelength.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an alternative smoke detector.
  • the invention relates to a smoke detector 2 adapted to be mounted in a room subject to variations in daylight.
  • This comprises means 4 for transmitting a light beam, a reflector 6 mounted at a distance and facing the transmission means 4 and receiving means 8 fixed opposite the reflector 6.
  • the smoke detector 2 is a linear smoke detector, that is to say that the transmission means 4 and the reception means 8 are fixed side by side on a vertical wall of the room, the reflector 6 being fixed on the opposite wall vis-à-vis the transmission means 4 and receiving means 8, in a direction E.
  • the light beam has a given wavelength corresponding for example to a red light or a blue light.
  • the reflector 6 is a reflector consisting of reflective tetrahedra 9 covered by a transparent plate 10 for example of plastic.
  • the smoke detector 2 further comprises a cover 12 disposed between the transmission means 4 and the reception means 8, and applied against the reflector 6.
  • the cover 12 is able to let through the light beams having, at its entrance, a transmission direction E belonging to a certain angular range of admission and to prevent the passage of light beams having at the entrance of the cache a direction of propagation not belonging to this angular range of admission.
  • the cover 12 is thus able to select the light beams emitted from a part of the light beams coming from the ambient light.
  • the cover 12 is constituted by an assembly of six tubes 14 of circular section, fixed to each other.
  • Each tube 14 is formed by a cylindrical wall 15 and has an open face 16, 17 at its ends.
  • the cover 12 is fixed to the reflector 6 so that the open faces 16, 17 of each tube are positioned in a plane perpendicular to the direction E of the light beam emitted so that the cover 12 forms a clean light pipe to be crossed. by the light beams having a direction of propagation substantially parallel to the emission direction E.
  • the open face 16 disposed opposite the transmission means 4, defines an angular range of admission of the light beams.
  • This angular range is determined by the height H and the diameter I of each tube 14. More precisely, this angular range is equal to an angle of 2 ⁇ distributed on either side of the axis XX 'in a given axial plane of the 14.
  • the axis XX is the axis parallel to the emission direction E passing through the center of the tube 14.
  • the axial planes are defined as being the set of planes containing the axis XX.
  • Each tube 14 has for example a diameter of 3 to 4 centimeters for a height of 2 centimeters.
  • Each tube 14 is made of an opaque material capable of absorbing light.
  • each tube is made of dark plastic or metal.
  • the wall 15 of the tubes 14 has a thickness e as small as possible taking into account the mechanical constraints of manufacture in order to reduce the reflections of the light beams thereon.
  • a thickness e of 1 mm is used.
  • Blank spaces 20 are defined between the tubes 14 so that the light beam emitted by the emitting means 4 reaches the reflector 6 through these spaces.
  • Each tube 14 further comprises absorption means 22 adapted to minimize the reflections of the light beams resulting from reflections inside the cache.
  • absorption means 22 are made of a light absorbing material such as a dark plastic material or a metal.
  • These absorption means 22 consist of projections 24 in the form of annular grooves arranged along the periphery of the inner surface of the wall 15 of each tube.
  • projections 24 have a triangular section so that their face 26 closest to the open face 17, adjacent to the reflector 6, defines a truncated cone. The inclination of the face 26 is determined so that a light beam arriving on a projection 24 is reflected vis-à-vis against the wall of the tube. Thus, the light beam remains inside the cover and is not diffused outside the tube towards the reflector.
  • the projections 24 are replaced by lines or streaks.
  • the cover 12 is formed by a single tube.
  • the cover is formed by cones, the reduced passage section of the or each cone being fixed to the reflector 6.
  • the cache is formed by an assembly of polyhedra.
  • the polyhedra are preferably chosen so as to combine with each other without leaving a gap between them.
  • the cover 12 comprises four hollow parallelepipeds 28, fixed to each other.
  • the angular range of admission varies between a minimum value corresponding to the length of one side of the square 29 and a maximum value corresponding to the diagonal of this square 29.
  • the axial planes containing the angular range of admission include all plans containing the XX axis. This axis X-X is the axis parallel to the emission direction E and passing through the intersection of the diagonals of the square 29.
  • the cover 12 is formed by an assembly of four hollow hexahedrons 30.
  • the geometric shapes constituting the cache having the smallest perimeter for a given open face surface are preferred for the embodiment of the invention because they have less reflective surface adapted to re-emit the light beam.
  • the preferred geometric shapes are those that minimize the perimeter / surface ratio to increase the surface area to receive and reflect the light beams.
  • the detector is not a linear detector, that is to say that the transmission means 4 are not arranged vis-à-vis the reflector 6.
  • This detector is inexpensive.
  • the wall 15 makes it possible to discard the light beams having an angle of incidence on the reflector 6 greater than the angle ⁇ .
  • a tube-shaped cover makes it possible to reduce the reflections on the edges of the tube on the side of the open face 16.
  • a cover with a wall 15 of small thickness makes it possible to reduce the reflections of the beams incident on the edge of the cover on the side of its open face.
  • the absorption means make it possible to avoid the transmission of light beams generated by reflections inside the cover or against the wall 10 of the reflector 6. These reflected beams can for example be generated by the presence of dust or scratches on the reflector.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Abstract

The detector (2) has a transmitter (4) transmitting light beams, and a receiver (8) e.g. photodiode, receiving the beams reflected by a reflector (6) e.g. retro-reflector. An exploitation circuit (11) receives characteristic signals of the transmitted and received beams, and generates a smoke detection signal based on the signals. A mask (12) is placed adjacent to the reflector and selects the beams having a transmission direction (E) belonging to a predefined angular range in a given axial plane. The mask is made of opaque plastic material, and has an absorption unit and tubes (14).

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un détecteur de fumée destiné à être disposé dans une pièce soumise à la lumière ambiante.The present invention relates to a smoke detector intended to be arranged in a room subjected to ambient light.

En particulier, l'invention concerne un détecteur de fumée destiné à être disposé dans une pièce soumise à la lumière ambiante, le détecteur comportant :

  • des moyens d'émission propres à émettre au moins un faisceau lumineux dans une direction d'émission ;
  • au moins un réflecteur propre à réfléchir ledit faisceau lumineux vers des moyens de réception ;
  • des moyens de réception aptes à réceptionner le faisceau lumineux réfléchi ; et
  • un circuit d'exploitation propre à recevoir un signal caractéristique du faisceau lumineux émis et un signal caractéristique du faisceau lumineux réceptionné, le circuit d'exploitation étant apte à générer un signal de détection de fumée en fonction desdits signaux reçus.
In particular, the invention relates to a smoke detector intended to be placed in a room subjected to ambient light, the detector comprising:
  • transmission means adapted to emit at least one light beam in a transmission direction;
  • at least one reflector adapted to reflect said light beam to receiving means;
  • receiving means adapted to receive the reflected light beam; and
  • an operating circuit adapted to receive a signal characteristic of the emitted light beam and a signal characteristic of the light beam received, the operating circuit being able to generate a smoke detection signal according to said received signals.

Dans ces détecteurs, les moyens d'émission et les moyens de réception sont généralement fixés sur un mur d'une pièce, le réflecteur étant fixé sur le mur opposé de cette pièce. Le faisceau lumineux émis par les moyens d'émission est réfléchi par le réflecteur et est réceptionné par les moyens de réception. Le circuit d'exploitation calcule le rapport entre par exemple la puissance du faisceau lumineux émis et la puissance du faisceau lumineux réceptionné. Ce rapport est comparé à des valeurs établies lors d'une phase d'apprentissage pour définir le degré de transparence de l'air localisé entre les moyens d'émission, les moyens de réception et le réflecteur. Lorsque des particules de fumée sont présentes dans la pièce, elles réfléchissent dans toutes les directions le faisceau émis et le faisceau réfléchi, de sorte que la valeur du rapport calculé par le circuit d'exploitation augmente. Lorsque ce rapport est supérieur à une valeur prédéfinie, celui-ci déclenche un signal d'alarme.In these detectors, the transmitting means and the receiving means are generally fixed on a wall of a room, the reflector being fixed on the opposite wall of this room. The light beam emitted by the emission means is reflected by the reflector and is received by the receiving means. The operating circuit calculates the ratio between, for example, the power of the emitted light beam and the power of the light beam received. This ratio is compared with values established during a learning phase to define the degree of transparency of the air located between the transmitting means, the receiving means and the reflector. When smoke particles are present in the room, they reflect in all directions the emitted beam and the reflected beam, so that the value of the ratio calculated by the operating circuit increases. When this ratio is greater than a predefined value, it triggers an alarm signal.

Généralement, les moyens d'émission et les moyens de réception sont positionnés à plusieurs mètres du réflecteur (de 5 à 100 m). Le réflecteur est souvent de petite taille, par exemple de l'ordre de la dizaine de centimètres.Generally, the transmitting means and the receiving means are positioned several meters from the reflector (from 5 to 100 m). The reflector is often small, for example of the order of ten centimeters.

Lorsque de la poussière se dépose sur le réflecteur ou lorsque la surface de ce dernier est rayée ou mal formée, la lumière réfléchie par le réflecteur est diffusée dans toutes les directions de sorte qu'une partie uniquement de celle-ci est réceptionnée par les moyens de réception.When dust is deposited on the reflector or when the surface of the reflector is scratched or poorly formed, the light reflected by the reflector is diffused in all directions so that only part of it is received by the receiving means.

En conséquence, il est nécessaire d'utiliser des moyens de réception très sensibles afin que le faisceau de lumière réceptionné ne soit pas négligeable par rapport à la lumière ambiante.Consequently, it is necessary to use very sensitive reception means so that the light beam received is not negligible compared to the ambient light.

Toutefois, lorsque l'ensoleillement augmente dans la pièce, ces détecteurs sont saturés notamment par la lumière ambiante réfléchie par les défauts et poussières du réflecteur et ne sont donc plus aptes à détecter la présence de fumée.However, when the sun increases in the room, these detectors are saturated in particular by the ambient light reflected by the defects and dust of the reflector and are therefore no longer able to detect the presence of smoke.

Pour résoudre ce problème, il est connu de monter dans ces détecteurs des moyens d'émission propres à émettre un faisceau lumineux modulé ou un faisceau lumineux présentant une longueur d'onde unique.To solve this problem, it is known to mount in these detectors emission means adapted to emit a modulated light beam or a light beam having a single wavelength.

L'invention a pour but de fournir un détecteur de fumée alternatif.The object of the invention is to provide an alternative smoke detector.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour but un détecteur de fumée comportant au moins un cache disposé adjacent au réflecteur, le ou chaque cache étant apte à sélectionner les faisceaux lumineux ayant, à l'entrée de celui-ci, une direction d'émission appartenant à une plage angulaire prédéfinie dans un plan axial donné.For this purpose, the object of the invention is a smoke detector comprising at least one cover disposed adjacent to the reflector, the or each cover being able to select the light beams having, at the entrance of the latter, a direction of emission belonging to a predefined angular range in a given axial plane.

Suivant des modes particuliers de réalisation, le détecteur de fumée comporte l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :

  • le cache comprend au moins une paroi s'étendant dans un plan sensiblement parallèle à la direction d'émission du faisceau ;
  • le détecteur de fumée comprend un assemblage de caches fixés les uns contre les autres ;
  • le ou chaque cache est un tube ;
  • la hauteur et le diamètre du ou de chaque tube sont choisis de sorte que le rapport entre la hauteur et le diamètre de celui-ci est inférieur à 2,5 ;
  • le ou chaque cache est un polyèdre ;
  • le ou chaque cache comporte au moins un moyen d'absorption de lumière, le ou chaque moyen d'absorption étant disposé sur au moins une partie de la face interne de la paroi du ou de chaque cache, ladite partie de paroi étant adjacente au réflecteur ;
  • le ou chaque moyen d'absorption comprend une saillie de section triangulaire, comportant au moins une face apte à réfléchir le faisceau lumineux à l'intérieur du cache ;
  • le ou chaque cache est réalisé dans une matière plastique opaque ; et
  • la paroi du ou de chaque cache présente une épaisseur inférieure à 2 millimètres.
According to particular embodiments, the smoke detector comprises one or more of the following characteristics:
  • the cover comprises at least one wall extending in a plane substantially parallel to the emission direction of the beam;
  • the smoke detector comprises an assembly of covers fixed against each other;
  • the or each cache is a tube;
  • the height and the diameter of the or each tube are chosen so that the ratio between the height and the diameter thereof is less than 2.5;
  • the or each cache is a polyhedron;
  • the or each cover comprises at least one light absorption means, the or each absorption means being disposed on at least a portion of the inner face of the wall of the or each cover, said wall portion being adjacent to the reflector ;
  • the or each absorption means comprises a projection of triangular section, comprising at least one face adapted to reflect the light beam inside the cache;
  • the or each cover is made of an opaque plastic material; and
  • the wall of the or each cover has a thickness of less than 2 millimeters.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple, et faite en se référant aux dessins, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique du détecteur de fumée selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe selon le plan II-II du cache illustré sur la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique en perspective de face d'un cache d'un détecteur de fumée selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention ; et
  • la figure 4 est une vue en perspective de face d'un cache d'un détecteur de fumée selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example, and with reference to the drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic view of the smoke detector according to a first embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a sectional view along the plane II-II of the cache illustrated on the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 is a schematic front perspective view of a cache of a smoke detector according to a second embodiment of the invention; and
  • the figure 4 is a front perspective view of a cache of a smoke detector according to a third embodiment of the invention.

L'invention concerne un détecteur de fumée 2 propre à être monté dans une pièce soumise aux variations de la lumière du jour. Celui-ci comprend des moyens d'émission 4 d'un faisceau lumineux, un réflecteur 6 monté à distance et en vis-à-vis des moyens d'émission 4 et des moyens de réception 8 fixés en regard du réflecteur 6.The invention relates to a smoke detector 2 adapted to be mounted in a room subject to variations in daylight. This comprises means 4 for transmitting a light beam, a reflector 6 mounted at a distance and facing the transmission means 4 and receiving means 8 fixed opposite the reflector 6.

Dans le mode de réalisation de l'invention illustré sur la figure 1, le détecteur de fumée 2 est un détecteur de fumée linéaire, c'est-à-dire que les moyens d'émission 4 et les moyens de réception 8 sont fixés côte à côte sur un mur vertical de la pièce, le réflecteur 6 étant fixé sur le mur opposé en vis-à-vis des moyens d'émission 4 et des moyens de réception 8, dans une direction E.In the embodiment of the invention illustrated on the figure 1 , the smoke detector 2 is a linear smoke detector, that is to say that the transmission means 4 and the reception means 8 are fixed side by side on a vertical wall of the room, the reflector 6 being fixed on the opposite wall vis-à-vis the transmission means 4 and receiving means 8, in a direction E.

Les moyens d'émission 4 sont propres à émettre un faisceau lumineux appartenant au domaine de longueur d'onde du visible dans la direction d'émission E. Le faisceau lumineux E est par exemple émis à intervalles de temps réguliers et prédéfinis.The transmission means 4 are able to emit a light beam belonging to the visible wavelength domain in the emission direction E. The light beam E is for example emitted at regular and predefined time intervals.

En variante, le faisceau lumineux présente une longueur d'onde donnée correspondant par exemple à une lumière rouge ou à une lumière bleue.Alternatively, the light beam has a given wavelength corresponding for example to a red light or a blue light.

En variante également, le faisceau lumineux appartient au domaine de longueur d'onde de l'infrarouge.Alternatively also, the light beam belongs to the wavelength range of the infrared.

Le réflecteur 6 est un catadioptre constitué par des tétraèdres réflecteurs 9 recouverts par une plaque transparente 10 par exemple en matière plastique.The reflector 6 is a reflector consisting of reflective tetrahedra 9 covered by a transparent plate 10 for example of plastic.

Les moyens de réception 8 sont par exemple constitués par une photodiode.The receiving means 8 are for example constituted by a photodiode.

Le détecteur de fumée 2 comprend en outre un circuit d'exploitation 11 connecté aux moyens d'émission 4 et aux moyens de réception 8.The smoke detector 2 further comprises an operating circuit 11 connected to the transmission means 4 and to the reception means 8.

Le circuit d'exploitation 11 est propre à calculer le rapport entre un signal caractéristique du faisceau lumineux émis par les moyens d'émission 4 et un signal caractéristique du faisceau lumineux réceptionné par les moyens de réception 8, et à générer un signal d'alarme lorsque ce rapport est supérieur à une valeur prédéterminée lors d'une phase d'apprentissage.The operating circuit 11 is able to calculate the ratio between a signal characteristic of the light beam emitted by the transmission means 4 and a signal characteristic of the light beam received by the reception means 8, and to generate an alarm signal. when this ratio is greater than a predetermined value during a learning phase.

Selon l'invention, le détecteur de fumée 2 comprend en outre un cache 12 disposé entre les moyens d'émission 4 et les moyens de réception 8, et appliqué contre le réflecteur 6.According to the invention, the smoke detector 2 further comprises a cover 12 disposed between the transmission means 4 and the reception means 8, and applied against the reflector 6.

Le cache 12 est apte à laisser passer les faisceaux lumineux ayant, à son entrée, une direction d'émission E appartenant à une certaine plage angulaire d'admission et à empêcher le passage des faisceaux lumineux ayant à l'entrée du cache une direction de propagation n'appartenant pas à cette plage angulaire d'admission.The cover 12 is able to let through the light beams having, at its entrance, a transmission direction E belonging to a certain angular range of admission and to prevent the passage of light beams having at the entrance of the cache a direction of propagation not belonging to this angular range of admission.

Le cache 12 est propre à empêcher la réflexion sur le réflecteur 6 d'une partie des faisceaux provenant de la lumière ambiante.The cover 12 is able to prevent reflection on the reflector 6 of a portion of the beams from the ambient light.

Le cache 12 est ainsi apte à sélectionner les faisceaux lumineux émis d'une partie des faisceaux lumineux provenant de la lumière ambiante.The cover 12 is thus able to select the light beams emitted from a part of the light beams coming from the ambient light.

Selon le mode réalisation illustré sur la figure 1, le cache 12 est constitué par un assemblage de six tubes 14 à section circulaire, fixés les uns aux autres. Chaque tube 14 est formé par une paroi cylindrique 15 et, présente une face ouverte 16, 17 à ses extrémités.According to the embodiment shown on the figure 1 , the cover 12 is constituted by an assembly of six tubes 14 of circular section, fixed to each other. Each tube 14 is formed by a cylindrical wall 15 and has an open face 16, 17 at its ends.

Le cache 12 est fixé au réflecteur 6 de telle sorte que les faces ouvertes 16, 17 de chaque tube soient positionnées dans un plan perpendiculaire à la direction E du faisceau lumineux émis de sorte que le cache 12 forme un conduit de lumière propre à être traversé par les faisceaux lumineux ayant une direction de propagation sensiblement parallèle à la direction d'émission E.The cover 12 is fixed to the reflector 6 so that the open faces 16, 17 of each tube are positioned in a plane perpendicular to the direction E of the light beam emitted so that the cover 12 forms a clean light pipe to be crossed. by the light beams having a direction of propagation substantially parallel to the emission direction E.

La face ouverte 16 disposée en regard des moyens d'émission 4, définit une plage angulaire d'admission des faisceaux lumineux. Cette plage angulaire est déterminée par la hauteur H et le diamètre I de chaque tube 14. Plus précisément, cette plage angulaire est égale à un angle de 2α réparti de part et d'autre de l'axe X-X' dans un plan axial donné du tube 14. L'axe X-X est l'axe parallèle à la direction d'émission E traversant le centre du tube 14. Les plans axiaux sont définis comme étant l'ensemble des plans contenant l'axe X-X. L'angle α représente l'angle limite des faisceaux lumineux admis à traverser chaque tube 14. Cet angle α est obtenu par la formule suivante : α = arc tangente ⁢ H I

Figure imgb0001

dans laquelle H est la hauteur et I est le diamètre de chaque tube 14.The open face 16 disposed opposite the transmission means 4, defines an angular range of admission of the light beams. This angular range is determined by the height H and the diameter I of each tube 14. More precisely, this angular range is equal to an angle of 2α distributed on either side of the axis XX 'in a given axial plane of the 14. The axis XX is the axis parallel to the emission direction E passing through the center of the tube 14. The axial planes are defined as being the set of planes containing the axis XX. The angle α represents the limit angle of the light beams allowed to pass through each tube 14. This angle α is obtained by the following formula: α = tangent arc ⁢ H I
Figure imgb0001
where H is the height and I is the diameter of each tube 14.

Pour obtenir un bon rapport signal émis sur signal réceptionné, il a été déterminé expérimentalement que le rapport H I

Figure imgb0002
doit être inférieur à 2,5.To obtain a good signal-to-signal ratio, it has been experimentally determined that the ratio H I
Figure imgb0002
 must be less than 2.5.

Chaque tube 14 présente par exemple un diamètre de 3 à 4 centimètres pour une hauteur de 2 centimètres.Each tube 14 has for example a diameter of 3 to 4 centimeters for a height of 2 centimeters.

Chaque tube 14 est réalisé dans une matière opaque propre à absorber la lumière. Par exemple, chaque tube est réalisé en matière plastique sombre ou en métal.Each tube 14 is made of an opaque material capable of absorbing light. For example, each tube is made of dark plastic or metal.

La paroi 15 des tubes 14 présente une épaisseur e la plus petite possible compte tenu des contraintes mécaniques de fabrication afin de réduire les réflexions des faisceaux lumineux sur celle-ci. Par exemple, une épaisseur e de 1 mm est utilisée.The wall 15 of the tubes 14 has a thickness e as small as possible taking into account the mechanical constraints of manufacture in order to reduce the reflections of the light beams thereon. For example, a thickness e of 1 mm is used.

Des espaces vides 20 sont définis entre les tubes 14 de telle sorte que le faisceau lumineux émis par les moyens d'émission 4 atteint le réflecteur 6 en passant par ces espaces.Blank spaces 20 are defined between the tubes 14 so that the light beam emitted by the emitting means 4 reaches the reflector 6 through these spaces.

Chaque tube 14 comprend en outre des moyens d'absorption 22 propres à minimiser les réflexions des faisceaux lumineux résultant de réflexions à l'intérieur du cache. Ces moyens d'absorption 22 sont réalisées dans un matériau absorbant la lumière tel qu'une matière plastique sombre ou un métal.Each tube 14 further comprises absorption means 22 adapted to minimize the reflections of the light beams resulting from reflections inside the cache. These absorption means 22 are made of a light absorbing material such as a dark plastic material or a metal.

Ces moyens d'absorption 22 sont constitués par des saillies 24 en forme de rainures annulaires agencées le long du pourtour de la surface interne de la paroi 15 de chaque tube.These absorption means 22 consist of projections 24 in the form of annular grooves arranged along the periphery of the inner surface of the wall 15 of each tube.

Ces saillies 24 présentent une section triangulaire de sorte que leur face 26 la plus proche de la face ouverte 17, adjacente au réflecteur 6, définit un tronc de cône. L'inclinaison de la face 26 est déterminée de telle sorte qu'un faisceau lumineux arrivant sur une saillie 24 est réfléchi en vis-à-vis contre la paroi du tube. Ainsi, le faisceau lumineux reste à l'intérieur du cache et n'est pas diffusé à l'extérieur du tube vers le réflecteur.These projections 24 have a triangular section so that their face 26 closest to the open face 17, adjacent to the reflector 6, defines a truncated cone. The inclination of the face 26 is determined so that a light beam arriving on a projection 24 is reflected vis-à-vis against the wall of the tube. Thus, the light beam remains inside the cover and is not diffused outside the tube towards the reflector.

En fonctionnement, les faisceaux lumineux ayant une direction d'émission appartenant à la plage angulaire d'admission [E +/- α] pénètrent dans la face ouverte 16, sont réfléchis par le réflecteur 6 et sont renvoyés vers les moyens de réception 8 avec une direction de réflexion R égale à la direction d'émission [E +/-l'angle α].In operation, the light beams having a direction of emission belonging to the angular range of admission [E +/- α] penetrate into the open face 16, are reflected by the reflector 6 and are sent back to the reception means 8 with a reflection direction R equal to the transmission direction [E +/- angle α].

En variante, les saillies 24 sont remplacées par des raies ou des stries.Alternatively, the projections 24 are replaced by lines or streaks.

En variante, le cache 12 est formé par un unique tube.Alternatively, the cover 12 is formed by a single tube.

En variante, le cache est formé par des cônes, la section de passage réduite du ou de chaque cône étant fixée au réflecteur 6.In a variant, the cover is formed by cones, the reduced passage section of the or each cone being fixed to the reflector 6.

En variante, le cache est formé par un assemblage de polyèdres. Les polyèdres sont de préférence choisis de manière à se combiner entre eux sans laisser d'espace vide 20 entre eux.Alternatively, the cache is formed by an assembly of polyhedra. The polyhedra are preferably chosen so as to combine with each other without leaving a gap between them.

Selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention illustré sur la figure 3, le cache 12 comprend quatre parallélépipèdes carrés creux 28, fixés les uns aux autres.According to a second embodiment of the invention illustrated on the figure 3 , the cover 12 comprises four hollow parallelepipeds 28, fixed to each other.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, la plage angulaire d'admission varie entre une valeur minimale correspondant à la longueur d'un côté du carré 29 et une valeur maximale correspondant à la diagonale de ce carré 29. Les plans axiaux contenant la plage angulaire d'admission comprennent l'ensemble des plans contenant l'axe X-X. Cet axe X-X est l'axe parallèle à la direction d'émission E et passant par le croisement des diagonales du carré 29.In this embodiment, the angular range of admission varies between a minimum value corresponding to the length of one side of the square 29 and a maximum value corresponding to the diagonal of this square 29. The axial planes containing the angular range of admission include all plans containing the XX axis. This axis X-X is the axis parallel to the emission direction E and passing through the intersection of the diagonals of the square 29.

Selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention illustré sur la figure 4, le cache 12 est formé par un assemblage de quatre hexaèdres creux 30.According to a third embodiment of the invention illustrated on the figure 4 , the cover 12 is formed by an assembly of four hollow hexahedrons 30.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, la plage angulaire d'admission varie entre une valeur minimale égale à la distance entre deux faces opposées de l'hexagone 31 et une valeur maximum correspondant à la distance entre deux angles de cet hexagone 31. Les plans axiaux contenant la plage angulaire d'admission comprennent l'ensemble des plans contenant l'axe X-X. L'axe X-X est dans ce cas l'axe parallèle à la direction d'émission E et passant par le barycentre de l'hexagone 31.In this embodiment, the angular range of admission varies between a minimum value equal to the distance between two opposite faces of the hexagon 31 and a maximum value corresponding to the distance between two angles of this hexagon 31. The axial planes containing the angular range of admission comprise all the planes containing the axis XX. In this case, the X-X axis is the axis parallel to the emission direction E and passing through the centroid of hexagon 31.

Les formes géométriques constituant le cache ayant le plus petit périmètre pour une surface face ouverte donnée sont à privilégier pour la réalisation de l'invention car elles présentent moins de surface de réflexion propre à réémettre le faisceau lumineux. Autrement dit, les formes géométriques à privilégier sont celles qui minimisent le rapport périmètre/surface pour augmenter la surface propre à recevoir et réfléchir les faisceaux lumineux.The geometric shapes constituting the cache having the smallest perimeter for a given open face surface are preferred for the embodiment of the invention because they have less reflective surface adapted to re-emit the light beam. In other words, the preferred geometric shapes are those that minimize the perimeter / surface ratio to increase the surface area to receive and reflect the light beams.

Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, le détecteur n'est pas un détecteur linéaire, c'est-à-dire que les moyens d'émission 4 ne sont pas disposés en vis-à-vis du réflecteur 6.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the detector is not a linear detector, that is to say that the transmission means 4 are not arranged vis-à-vis the reflector 6.

Ce détecteur est peu onéreux.This detector is inexpensive.

La paroi 15 permet d'écarter les faisceaux lumineux ayant un angle d'incidence sur le réflecteur 6 supérieur à l'angle α.The wall 15 makes it possible to discard the light beams having an angle of incidence on the reflector 6 greater than the angle α.

L'utilisation de plusieurs caches permet de sélectionner de manière plus fine les faisceaux provenant des moyens d'émission 4.The use of several caches makes it possible to select more finely the beams coming from the transmission means 4.

Un cache en forme de tube permet de diminuer les réflexions sur les arêtes du tube du côté de la face ouverte 16.A tube-shaped cover makes it possible to reduce the reflections on the edges of the tube on the side of the open face 16.

De même, l'utilisation d'un cache présentant une paroi 15 de faible épaisseur permet de diminuer les réflexions des faisceaux incidents sur l'arête du cache du côté de sa face ouverte.Likewise, the use of a cover with a wall 15 of small thickness makes it possible to reduce the reflections of the beams incident on the edge of the cover on the side of its open face.

Les moyens d'absorption permettent d'éviter la transmission de faisceaux lumineux engendrés par des réflexions à l'intérieur du cache ou contre la paroi 10 du réflecteur 6. Ces faisceaux réfléchis peuvent par exemple être générés par la présence de poussières ou de rayures sur le réflecteur.The absorption means make it possible to avoid the transmission of light beams generated by reflections inside the cover or against the wall 10 of the reflector 6. These reflected beams can for example be generated by the presence of dust or scratches on the reflector.

En variante, un nombre de tubes différent est utilisé.Alternatively, a different number of tubes is used.

Claims (10)

Détecteur de fumée (2) destiné à être disposé dans une pièce soumise à la lumière ambiante, le détecteur (2) comportant : - des moyens d'émission (4) propres à émettre au moins un faisceau lumineux dans une direction d'émission (E) ; - au moins un réflecteur (6) propre à réfléchir ledit faisceau lumineux vers des moyens de réception (8) ; - des moyens de réception (8) aptes à réceptionner le faisceau lumineux réfléchi ; et - un circuit d'exploitation (11) propre à recevoir un signal caractéristique du faisceau lumineux émis et un signal caractéristique du faisceau lumineux réceptionné, le circuit d'exploitation (11) étant apte à générer un signal de détection de fumée en fonction desdits signaux reçus ; caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un cache (12, 14, 28, 30) disposé adjacent au réflecteur (6), le ou chaque cache (12, 14, 28, 30) étant apte à sélectionner les faisceaux lumineux ayant, à l'entrée de celui-ci, une direction d'émission appartenant à une plage angulaire prédéfinie (2α) dans un plan axial donné.Smoke detector (2) intended to be arranged in a room subjected to ambient light, the detector (2) comprising: emission means (4) capable of emitting at least one light beam in a transmission direction (E); - At least one reflector (6) adapted to reflect said light beam to receiving means (8); reception means (8) able to receive the reflected light beam; and an operating circuit (11) capable of receiving a signal characteristic of the emitted light beam and a characteristic signal of the light beam received, the operating circuit (11) being able to generate a smoke detection signal as a function of said signals received; characterized in that it comprises at least one cover (12, 14, 28, 30) arranged adjacent to the reflector (6), the or each cover (12, 14, 28, 30) being able to select the light beams having, at the input thereof, a transmission direction belonging to a predefined angular range (2α) in a given axial plane. Détecteur de fumée (2) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le cache (12, 14, 28, 30) comprend au moins une paroi (15) s'étendant dans un plan sensiblement parallèle à la direction d'émission (E) du faisceau.Smoke detector (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover (12, 14, 28, 30) comprises at least one wall (15) extending in a plane substantially parallel to the emission direction (E ) of the beam. Détecteur de fumée (2) selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un assemblage de caches (12, 14, 28, 30) fixés les uns contre les autres.Smoke detector (2) according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises an assembly of covers (12, 14, 28, 30) fixed against each other. Détecteur de fumée (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le ou chaque cache (12, 14, 28, 30) est un tube (14).Smoke detector (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the or each cover (12, 14, 28, 30) is a tube (14). Détecteur de fumée (2) selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la hauteur (H) et le diamètre (I) du ou de chaque tube (14) sont choisis de sorte que le rapport entre la hauteur (H) et le diamètre (I) de celui-ci est inférieur à 2,5.Smoke detector (2) according to claim 4, characterized in that the height (H) and the diameter (I) of the or each tube (14) are chosen so that the ratio between the height (H) and the diameter (I) thereof is less than 2.5. Détecteur de fumée (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le ou chaque cache (12, 14, 28, 30) est un polyèdre.Smoke detector (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the or each cover (12, 14, 28, 30) is a polyhedron. Détecteur de fumée (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le ou chaque cache (12, 14, 28, 30) comporte au moins un moyen d'absorption (22, 24) de lumière, le ou chaque moyen d'absorption (22, 24) étant disposé sur au moins une partie de la face interne de la paroi (15) du ou de chaque cache (12, 14, 28, 30), ladite partie de paroi (15) étant adjacente au réflecteur (6).Smoke detector (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the or each cover (12, 14, 28, 30) comprises at least a light absorption means (22, 24), the or each absorption means (22, 24) being arranged on at least a portion of the inner face of the wall (15) of the or each cover (12, 14, 28, 30), said wall portion (15) being adjacent the reflector (6). Détecteur de fumée (2) selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le ou chaque moyen d'absorption (22, 24) comprend une saillie (24) de section triangulaire, comportant au moins une face (26) apte à réfléchir le faisceau lumineux à l'intérieur du cache (12, 14, 28, 30).Smoke detector (2) according to claim 7, characterized in that the or each absorption means (22, 24) comprises a projection (24) of triangular section, comprising at least one face (26) adapted to reflect the beam bright inside the cover (12, 14, 28, 30). Détecteur de fumée (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le ou chaque cache (12, 14, 28, 30) est réalisé dans une matière plastique opaque.Smoke detector (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the or each cover (12, 14, 28, 30) is made of an opaque plastic material. Détecteur de fumée (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la paroi (15) du ou de chaque cache (12, 14, 28, 30) présente une épaisseur (e) inférieure à 2 millimètres.Smoke detector (2) according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the wall (15) of the or each cover (12, 14, 28, 30) has a thickness (e) less than 2 millimeters .
EP08103541A 2007-04-20 2008-04-15 Smoke detector with device adjacent to a reflector for selecting a light beam Not-in-force EP1983495B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0754607A FR2915284B1 (en) 2007-04-20 2007-04-20 SMOKE DETECTOR

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EP1983495A1 true EP1983495A1 (en) 2008-10-22
EP1983495B1 EP1983495B1 (en) 2009-10-21

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US (1) US20080304067A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1983495B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE446560T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602008000224D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2915284B1 (en)

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FR3030750B1 (en) * 2014-12-22 2017-01-13 Finsecur OPTICAL DETECTOR OF A VALUE OF A PHYSICAL SIZE OF THE ATMOSPHERE REPRESENTATIVE OF A DANGER

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GB1327231A (en) * 1970-01-07 1973-08-15 Nat Res Dev Fire detecting apparatus
US3982130A (en) * 1975-10-10 1976-09-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Ultraviolet wavelength smoke detector

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20080304067A1 (en) 2008-12-11
FR2915284A1 (en) 2008-10-24
FR2915284B1 (en) 2009-07-10
ATE446560T1 (en) 2009-11-15
EP1983495B1 (en) 2009-10-21
DE602008000224D1 (en) 2009-12-03

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