EP1974276A2 - Gestion de donnees de relation - Google Patents

Gestion de donnees de relation

Info

Publication number
EP1974276A2
EP1974276A2 EP06840362A EP06840362A EP1974276A2 EP 1974276 A2 EP1974276 A2 EP 1974276A2 EP 06840362 A EP06840362 A EP 06840362A EP 06840362 A EP06840362 A EP 06840362A EP 1974276 A2 EP1974276 A2 EP 1974276A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
relationship
data
entities
relationship data
data sets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP06840362A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1974276A4 (fr
Inventor
Khanh Hoang
Gregory Danforth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siperian LLC
Original Assignee
Siperian Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/325,612 external-priority patent/US8150803B2/en
Priority claimed from US11/325,608 external-priority patent/US7523121B2/en
Application filed by Siperian Inc filed Critical Siperian Inc
Publication of EP1974276A2 publication Critical patent/EP1974276A2/fr
Publication of EP1974276A4 publication Critical patent/EP1974276A4/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of data management, and in particular, to relationship data management.
  • One of the key assets an enterprise has is the data it captures about its customers and their interactions with these customers.
  • Data regarding a particular customer and his/her interactions/relationships are typically created by various enterprises using software applications that provide a solution for a single business function, product line or touch point, the data being stored in a plurality of disparate and independent data sources. This results in applications and data sources that are managed independently and do not share data well with one another. Also, the applications and data sources often have different data models and means of tracking and reporting customer interactions, leaving enterprises with islands of difficult-to-reconcile relationship data. As such, data regarding a customer is strewn across multiple applications and data sources in different lines of business or product divisions. Due to this data dispersion, it is difficult for an enterprise to obtain a comprehensive view of a customer and his/her interactions with the various enterprises.
  • Some embodiments provide a system for processing relationship data that expresses relationship between various entities.
  • the entities are entities associated directly with an enterprise.
  • the entities in some embodiments described below also include entities associated indirectly with the enterprise through other entities. However, one of ordinary skill will realize that some embodiments might only track relationships between entities directly associated with an enterprise.
  • the system consolidates disparate relationship data sets that relate to the same set of entities. For instance, in some embodiments, the system includes several data storages that store relationship data. For at least two entities, at least two different data storages store two different relationship data sets that differently express the relationship between the two entities.
  • the system includes a hierarchy manager that receives the two different relationship data sets and consolidates the two different relationship data sets into one relationship data set that best expresses the relationship between the two entities.
  • the system includes various different applications that differently express relationship data between entities.
  • the system includes a hierarchy manager that captures relationship data sets from the various applications. Each captured relationship data set expresses a relationship between a set of entities (e.g., two entities). When captured, the relationship data sets express the relationships in an application-centric manner (i.e., in a manner that is particular to the application that stores the relationship data). The hierarchy manager then converts the captured relationship data sets into an enterprise, normalized format that has been defined for uniformly specifying relationship data for the enterprise that uses the system.
  • the hierarchy manager in some embodiments performs cleansing, standardization, and mapping operations on the data. After the conversion process, the hierarchy manager of some embodiments consolidates duplicate and potentially differing copies of relationship data sets that express a relationship between a set of entities (e.g., between two entities). The hierarchy manager performs this consolidation so that the enterprise normalized relationship data sets express the best version of the relationship between different sets of entities.
  • the hierarchy manager performs an update operation on a previously stored relationship data set, when it receives a new relationship data set relating to the same relationship as the previously stored relationship data set.
  • This update operation might not modify the previously stored relationship data set in any manner, or it might modify all or some part of this data set.
  • the hierarchy manager of these embodiments can also be configured to perform merge operations on the enterprise, normalized relationship data sets periodically or at any random point in time. Such merge operations are performed in some embodiments based on a set of merge rules that can be modified at any time.
  • the hierarchy manager of some embodiments store content metadata for each particular consolidated relationship data set.
  • content metadata includes lineage data that includes each preceding value that was contained in a relationship data set maintained by the hierarchy manager.
  • the content metadata can also include history, which, in some embodiments, includes factors that at some point might affect the value of a relationship data set that is maintained by the hierarchy manager.
  • the system does not consolidate disparate relationship data sets that relate to the same set of entities. Instead, the system only collects relationship data sets that specify relationship between different entities associated directly or indirectly with the enterprise.
  • the system in some embodiments provides a comprehensive "360° view" of the relationships between an entity and other entities associated directly or indirectly with the enterprise.
  • the system can provide such comprehensive views since it maintains "master reference data” for each entity associated directly or indirectly with the enterprise.
  • Reference data is data that identifies an entity
  • relationship data is data that identifies the relationship between the entities.
  • Reference and relationship data are non-transaction data.
  • Activity data is data that is associated with transactions or interactions of an entity.
  • the system includes multiple data storages that can store multiple reference data records for a particular entity.
  • This redundant data may cause problems for an enterprise that uses the data.
  • the redundant data may contain inconsistencies or overlaps that need to be resolved to ensure the reliability of the data. Therefore, the system stores a "best version" of the reference data for at least some of the entities.
  • the "best version" of the reference data for an entity is referred to below as the master reference data for the entity.
  • the ability of the system to store master reference data for a particular entity allows the system to provide complete 360°-views of the relationships of the particular entity and other entities directly and/or indirectly associated with an enterprise.
  • Cross-hierarchy navigation is the ability of a user or an application that uses the system to explore relationships are not directly defined as an explicitly specified relationship (e.g., that are not defined along any relationship that is natively specified by the system or an application from which the system imports data).
  • Cross-hierarchy navigation allows a user or an application that uses the system to identify indirect relationships between entities that do not have a direct relationship. For instance, through cross-hierarchy navigation, the system might identify an indirect relationship between two particular entities that are not directly related to each other, but are directly related to a third entity along two different relationship hierarchies. When different relationship hierarchies are imported from different applications, cross- hierarchy navigation allows a user or application to identify relationships of entities that are in different hierarchies.
  • the system records one or more temporal attributes for some or all of the relationships that it tracks.
  • temporal attributes include start and/or end dates for a relationship. Recording such temporal attributes allows the system to keep track of the changing relationship between two entities. For instance, in keeping track of the job titles of the employees of a company, the system of some embodiments can keep track of start and end dates of each position that an employee holds within the company. In this manner, the system can track the employee as his or her relationship changes with the company.
  • the system allows a user or an application to run queries based on temporal criteria. For instance, the system of some embodiments would allow a user to run a query to identify all employees of a company who started after a particular date or who were promoted within a particular time from the start of their employment.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a system of some embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 2 illustrates an example of cross-hierarchy navigation.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a more detailed view of a system that implements some embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a relationship data object of some embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 5-9 present several examples that illustrate the concepts of enterprise, normalized hierarchical data and cross-hierarchy navigation.
  • Figure 10 illustrates a more detailed view of the hierarchy manager of some embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 11 conceptually illustrates a staging process of some embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 12 illustrates a load process of the hierarchy manager of some embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 13 illustrates three examples of data decay profiles that can be used by data decay algorithms.
  • Figure 14 illustrates a match-and-merge process that is employed by some embodiments.
  • Some embodiments provide a system for processing relationship data that expresses relationship between various entities.
  • the entities are entities associated directly with an enterprise.
  • the entities in some embodiments described below also include entities associated indirectly with the enterprise through other entities. However, one of ordinary skill will realize that some embodiments might only track relationships between entities directly associated with an enterprise.
  • a relationship data set expresses one or more dimensions of a relationship that exists between two entities associated directly or indirectly with an enterprise. For instance, a relationship data set captures the relationship between two customers of an enterprise, a customer and the enterprise, two employees of an enterprise, etc. In some embodiments, each dimension of a particular relationship is expressed as an attribute of the relationship data set that represents the particular relationship.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the system 100 of some embodiments of the invention.
  • An enterprise uses this system to maintain records regarding relationships amongst various entities (e.g., customers, vendors, products, employees, etc.) associated directly or indirectly with the enterprise.
  • this system collects and/or integrates various entities' relationship data that exist in disparate locations within the system into a central, enterprise-normalized relationship data store.
  • the system 100 includes (1) one or more applications 110 and 120, (2) a hierarchy manager 140, and (3) an enterprise-normalized relationship data store.
  • the applications 110 and 120 typically store relationship data in an application- centric manner, i.e., in a manner that is particular to the application that stores the relationship data.
  • an organization's sales application data 120 stores relationships about customers in a manner that is specific to how the sales application 120 stores sales activity.
  • the organization's accounts receivable (A/R) application data 110 stores customer relationships in a manner that is specific to how the A/R application stores receivable data.
  • the hierarchy manager 140 receives the relationship data sets from the various applications 110 and 120. On the received relationship data sets, the hierarchy manager 140 performs a variety of operations, such as delta detection, cleansing, standardization, mapping, loading, and matching/merging. It can perform any of these operations in real time or in batch.
  • operations such as delta detection, cleansing, standardization, mapping, loading, and matching/merging. It can perform any of these operations in real time or in batch.
  • a relationship data sets When received by the hierarchy manager 140, a relationship data sets might express the relationships in an application-centric manner (i.e., in a manner that is particular to the application that stores the relationship data).
  • the hierarchy manager 140 then converts the captured relationship data sets into an enterprise, normalized format that is stored in the enterprise, normalized data store 130.
  • the enterprise, normalized format uniformly specifies relationship data for the enterprise.
  • the hierarchy manager in some embodiments performs cleansing, standardization, and mapping operations on the data. Cleansing operations of some embodiments clean up and correct the data in an incoming relationship data set. For instance, to perform date cleansing, the hierarchy manager remove extraneous blanks or other noise characters, change case for an attribute, etc.
  • standardization is the process of homogenizing different data codifications.
  • the male gender may be codified as 'M'.
  • the male gender may be codified as ' 1' .
  • the system assimilates these two different coding styles into a uniform coding style for the hierarchy manager's data store.
  • hierarchy manager standardizes on male codification as 'M% '1', '456', or some other value. Standardization allows for deterministic conversion of incoming data codification into the uniform codification used by hierarchy manager.
  • mapping is the process of projecting incoming data from a source application-centric schema onto an- enterprise, normalized target schema.
  • Application-centric data stores have schema, also known as data model, which is most conducive to the specific application which they service.
  • the hierarchy manager stores data in a schema that similarly is most suitable for its purpose of managing hierarchical relationship data. Schema mapping determines the appropriate location in the target schema for each incoming data record.
  • the hierarchy manager 140 loads the received relationship data set in a data storage.
  • this loading operation involves checking whether the relationship data set was previously stored by the hierarchy manager. To perform this check, the hierarchy manager checks the data storage to determine whether a relationship data set exists with the same key as the received relationship data set.
  • the hierarchy manager determines that the received relationship data set was not previously stored, it stores (i.e., "inserts") the received relationship data set in the data storage.
  • the hierarchy manager in some embodiments performs an update operation.
  • the update operation consolidates duplicate, and at times differing, copies of relationship data sets that express a relationship between a set of entities (e.g., between two entities).
  • An update operation might not modify the previously stored relationship data set in any manner, or it might modify all or some part of this data set.
  • the hierarchy manager in some embodiments performs such a consolidation so that the enterprise normalized relationship data sets express the best version of the relationship between different sets of entities.
  • the hierarchy manager uses match/merge operations instead of or in conjunction with the update operation, in order to the try to consolidate duplicate relationship data sets.
  • the hierarchy manager performs match/merge operations based on a set of merge rules that can be modified at any time.
  • the set of merge rules specify when two relationship data sets relate to the relationship even though they are stored in data storage as two different relationship data sets.
  • the hierarchy manager of some embodiments stores relationship metadata for each particular consolidate relationship data set that expresses a particular relationship between a particular set of entities.
  • Two examples of relationship metadata are history and lineage.
  • the history of a particular relationship data set that represents a particular relationship includes all the factors that could affect each attribute of the particular relationship data set at any time. For instance, in some embodiments, the history for a particular relationship data set includes every particular value ever received for each particular attribute of the particular relationship data set, and the source of the particular value, irrespective of whether the hierarchy manager ever assigned the particular value to the particular attribute in the particular relationship data set.
  • some embodiments define the lineage of a particular relationship data set (which represents a particular relationship) to include only the particular values that at some point were assigned by the hierarchy manager to a particular attribute of the particular relationship data set.
  • the system does not consolidate disparate relationship data sets that relate to the same set of entities. Instead, the system only collects relationship data sets that specify relationship between different entities associated with an enterprise.
  • the system in some embodiments provides a comprehensive "360° view" of the relationships between an entity and other entities associated with an enterprise. In some embodiments, the system can provide such comprehensive views since it maintains "master reference data” for each entity associated with the enterprise.
  • Reference data is data that identifies an entity
  • relationship data is data that identifies the relationship between the entities. Reference and relationship data are non-transaction data.
  • Activity data is data that is associated with transactions or interactions of an entity.
  • the system includes multiple data storages that can store multiple reference data records for a particular entity.
  • This redundant data may cause problems for an enterprise that uses the data.
  • the redundant data may contain inconsistencies or overlaps that need to be resolved to ensure the reliability of the data. Therefore, the system stores a "best version" of the reference data for at least some of the entities.
  • the "best version" of the reference data for an entity is referred to below as the master reference data for the entity.
  • the ability of the system to store master reference data for a particular entity allows the system to provide complete 360°-views of the relationships of the particular entity and other entities associated with an enterprise.
  • the systems ability to provide complete 360°-views of the relationships enables the system to provide "cross-hierarchy navigation".
  • Cross-hierarchy navigation is the ability of a user or an application that uses the system to explore relationships are not directly defined as a particularly specified relationship (e.g., that are not defined along any relationship that is natively specified by the system or an application from which the system imports data).
  • Cross-hierarchy navigation allows a user or an application that uses the system to identify indirect relationships between entities that do not have a direct relationship. For instance, through cross-hierarchy navigation, the system might identify an indirect relationship between two particular entities that are not directly related to each other, but are directly related to a third entity along two different relationship hierarchies. When different relationship hierarchies are imported from different applications, cross- hierarchy navigation allows a user or application to identify relationships of entities that are in different hierarchies.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an example of a cross-hierarchy navigation 135 between two hierarchical data structures that specify three relationship of an entity 145 along two different relationship hierarchies.
  • Figure 2 illustrates another example of cross-hierarchy navigation. Specifically, this figure illustrates two hierarchical data structures 205 and 210. Each of these data structures as a root node, one non-leaf, non-root node, and two leaf nodes. In this example, each node represents an entity associated with an enterprise. One node 215 appears as a leaf node in the data structure 205 and as a non-leaf node in the data structure 210. In each structure, the links between each pair of nodes defines a direct relationship between the two entities represented by the nodes.
  • the first hierarchical data structure 205 expresses one relationship 225 between the entity 215 and an entity 220 along a first relationship dimension
  • the second hierarchical data structure 210 expresses two relationships 230 and 235 between the entity 215 and two entities 240 and 245.
  • a user or an application that uses the system can identify an indirect relationship between the entities 220 and the entities 240 and 245.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a more detailed view of a system 300 that implements some embodiments of the invention.
  • An enterprise uses this system to maintain records regarding relationships amongst various entities (e.g., customers, vendors, products, employees, etc.) associated with the entity.
  • the system 300 includes a master reference manager 340, an activity manager 355, and a hierarchy manager 360 that run on one or more servers 390.
  • the system further includes one or more applications 310, and one or more data storages 380..
  • the data storages 380 store (1) data that identifies the entities that the system tracks for the enterprise, (2) data that specifies the interaction of these entities with the enterprise, and (3) data that identifies the relationship between the entities.
  • the data that identifies the entities is referred to as reference data
  • the data that specifies the interactions and transactions with the entities is referred to as activity data
  • the data that identifies the relationship between the entities is referred to as relationship data.
  • the data storages 380 might store multiple reference data records for a particular entity. This redundant data may cause problems for an enterprise that uses the data. For instance, the redundant data may contain inconsistencies or overlaps that need to be resolved to ensure the reliability of the data. Therefore, the system 300 also stores a "best version" of the reference data record for at least some of the entities. Specifically, the master reference manager 340 stores and maintains these best versions in a master reference store 350. For instance, the master reference manager 340 updates the reference data records in the master reference store 350 to reflect any changes to the reference data records in the data storages 380. The operation of the master reference manager is further described in U.S. Patent Application 11/169,319. This application is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the activity manager 355 uses the reference data records whenever an application initiates a particular interaction with the enterprise regarding a particular entity. In such a situation, the activity manager 355 is responsible for providing a composite data object to the particular application, in order to allow the particular application to use activity data regarding the particular interaction.
  • a composite data object includes in some embodiments reference data and activity data.
  • the reference data is provided to the activity manager 355 from the master reference manager 340. This reference data is an instance of all or part of the master reference record stored in the master reference store 350 for the particular entity.
  • the activity data of the composite object is data that the activity manager 355 manages.
  • the particular application then uses transaction data regarding the particular interaction in the activity data of the composite data object that it receives from the activity manager 355.
  • the application then might temporarily or permanently store the composite data object, or data extracted from this object, in one or more of the data storages 380.
  • the application might temporarily or permanently store this composite data object, or data extracted from this object, directly into the data storage, or indirectly through another module or application (e.g., indirectly through the activity manager 355).
  • the data storages 380 might store multiple relationship data records for a particular entity. This redundant data may cause problems for an enterprise that uses the data. For instance, the redundant data may contain inconsistencies or overlaps that need to be resolved to ensure the reliability of the data. Therefore, the system 300 in some embodiments stores a "best version" of the relationship data record for at least some of the entities. Specifically, the hierarchy manager 360 of some embodiments stores and maintains these best versions in the master reference store 350. For instance, the hierarchy manager 360 updates the relationship data records in the master reference store 350 to reflect any changes to the relationship data records in the data storages 380.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the data structure of a relationship object 415 between two reference objects 405 and 410 of two entities.
  • the relationship object 415 stores various attributes of the relationship that it represents.
  • the various attributes include direction of relationship, start date, end date, trust score, role, or other attributes.
  • Direction of the relationship represents which entity is pointing to the other, for example, if the entities are in a parent-child relationship then the direction is from child to parent in some embodiments.
  • Peer objects are those who have the same parent. Therefore, if two child entities point to the same parent entity, it means that they have a sibling relationship, which may not be explicitly marked in some embodiments.
  • the start and end dates of each relationship allows the system to keep track of the changing relationship between two entities. For instance, in keeping track of the job titles of the employees of a company, the hierarchy manager of some embodiments can keep track of start and end dates of each position that an employee holds within the company. In this manner, the hierarchy manager can track the employee as his or her relationship changes with the company. In some embodiments where the hierarchy manager records one or more temporal attributes of some or all relationships that it tracks, the hierarchy manager allows a user or an application to run queries based on temporal criteria. For instance, the system of some embodiments would allow a user to run a query to identify all employees of a company who started after a particular date or who were promoted within a particular time from the start of their employment.
  • the role attribute can be used to specify the role of an entity within an enterprise or within an organization or household associated with an enterprise.
  • An example of a role attribute might be the specialty of a professional or the position of an individual in a household.
  • the attributes mentioned above are but a few example of attributes that some embodiments can define. Other embodiment might allow a relationship object to store other types of attributes that define a relationship. Also, in some embodiments, the attributes are user extensible.
  • the hierarchy manager in some embodiments does not consolidate disparate relationship data sets that relate to the same set of entities. Instead, it only collects relationship data sets that specify relationship between different entities associated with an enterprise. Irrespective of whether the hierarchy manager consolidates disparate relationship data sets that relate to the same set of entities, or simply collects them, the manager 360 in some embodiments provides a comprehensive "360° view" of the relationships between an entity and other entities associated with an enterprise, as described above. Also, as discussed above, such 360°-views allow the system to provide cross-hierarchy navigation.
  • Figures 5-9 present several examples that illustrate further the concepts of enterprise, normalized hierarchical data and cross-hierarchy navigation.
  • Figure 5 illustrates entity data of an enterprise.
  • This relationship data is from the data stores of multiple different applications 505 of the enterprise.
  • Each of these applications typically stores the relationship data in an application-centric manner that is particular to the application.
  • Figure 6 illustrates the relationship data of the enterprise after this data as been processed by the hierarchy manager 360 of some embodiments of the invention.
  • This figure shows that the hierarchy manager's processing of the relationship data has resulted in a manageable set of data structures. These data structures are defined in an enterprise, normalized manner.
  • the hierarchy manager 360 allows a user or an application to analyze these data structures concurrently to obtain a complete 360° -view of the relationships of an entity.
  • Figure 6 illustrates the hierarchy manager can uniquely identify Fred Doe or entities related to Fred Doe across the various different data structures. Accordingly, the hierarchy manager can generate a summary of Fred's direct influence within the enterprise. In this example, Fred's direct influence can be summarized as: Fred is an entity with five accounts, has two other members in his household, and is a member of three organizations.
  • the hierarchy manager's ability to uniquely identify Fred in the various data structures, and its ability to associate relationships between Fred and other entities in different data structures, enables the hierarchy manager's cross-hierarchy navigation. Such navigation, in turn, can be used to obtain the complete 360°-view of Fred's relationships. It also allows the identification of indirect relationships between entities that might not have a direct relationship.
  • FIGs 7-9 illustrate another example of cross-hierarchy navigation.
  • the enterprise is an investment company that wants to evaluate its relationship with a particular client, Sanchez Development Corporation.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the graphical user interface (GUI) of an enterprise's portal that has used the hierarchy manager 360 to retrieve all the information relating to Sanchez Development's direct business dealings with the investment company.
  • GUI graphical user interface
  • FIG. 7 has an "Add Dimension" option 705.
  • Figure 8 illustrates what the GUI displays when the user selects this option. As shown in this figure, the user's selection of the option 705 causes the hierarchy manager to display a window 805. Through this window, the user can specify other relationship dimensions for the hierarchy manager to search to identify other entities that are associated with the investment company (i.e., the enterprise) and that have a relationship with Sanchez Development.
  • the investment company i.e., the enterprise
  • the window 805 has a first display section 810 that illustrates that Sanchez Development's current information is coming from the Territory-to-Organization data structure (i.e., that the current hierarchy dimension is the Territory-to-Orga ⁇ ization dimension).
  • the window 805 also provides a refresh button 820, which when selected (after selecting Sanchez Development in this window) provides in a second display section 815 a list of all other hierarchy dimensions (e.g., all other hierarchy data structures) that contain Sanchez Development.
  • Figure 9 illustrates what the GUI displays when the user selects two of the dimensions that the second display section 815 might display. Specifically, after the user selects two dimensions for which Sanchez Development has data, the GUI displays two other clients of the investment company that are related to Sanchez Development in the two selected dimensions. By seeing these two other clients, the investment company will then have a better understanding of all the relationships that it has with Sanchez Development, its affiliates and its related companies and personnel. Without this ability of the hierarchy manager to provide complete view of entities, it would be difficult detecting the fact that these entities are related and the fact that each has multiple dealings with the enterprise.
  • Figure 10 illustrates a more detailed view of the hierarchy manager 1075 of some embodiments of the invention.
  • the hierarchy manager includes a landing area 1013, a staging area 1017, a trust framework 1070, a load processor 1055, a match/merge engine 1060, and a master reference data store 1065.
  • the relationship data from a variety of data sources 1005 and 1010 can enter the hierarchy manager 1075 through a variety of pathway processes.
  • data from a data source 1005 or 1010 can enter the hierarchy manager 1075 (also called relationship manager 1075 below) through an extract- transform-load (ETL) process 1007, which can be a typical batch or scheduled process.
  • ETL extract- transform-load
  • Data can also enter the hierarchy manager 1075 through an XML/SOAP process 1009.
  • an application data source 1005 can generate directly an XML/SOAP process 1009 to deliver data to the hierarchy manager 1075 in real time.
  • the data sources 1005 and 1010 can also be polled by a polling process 1012 for changes to the data in the data sources 1005 and 1010.
  • the polling process 1012 may poll a data storage in the data sources 1005 and 1010.
  • the polling process 1012 then generates a message regarding a data change to a message queue 1014, when the polling process 1012 discovers such a change in the data storage.
  • the data storage can directly generate a message regarding a change in data to a trigger process 1016, when such a data change occurs in the data sources 1005 or 1010.
  • the trigger process 1016 may generate a message regarding the change in data to the message queue 1014.
  • the message queue 1014 then delivers the queued messages to the hierarchy manager 1075.
  • the messages to and from the message queue 1014 can also use the XML format or another format that permits operation in real time.
  • data first enters the hierarchy manager 1075 through the landing area 1013, as shown in Figure 10.
  • the received data is used to construct a landing table.
  • Data in the landing table typically reflects the data structure used by the data sources 1005/1010.
  • a staging process 1015 constructs in the staging area 1017 staging tables.
  • the staging process 1015 can include delta detection, data cleansing, and standardization.
  • delta detection initially confirms whether the received data has actually been changed or is different from previously received data. Delta detection may reduce unnecessary processing of unchanged data.
  • data cleansing and standardization normalize data for processing and storage by the hierarchy manager 1075.
  • the cleansed data that is stored in the staging table is in a format that can be processed by the trust framework 1070. In some embodiments, this format is the same format that is used to store relationship data in the hierarchy manager 1075.
  • FIG 11 conceptually illustrates a staging process 1100 of some embodiments of the invention.
  • the staging process 1100 takes data from the landing area 1012 and processes the data into staging tables in staging area 1017.
  • the process 1100 initially receives (at 1 105) data from a data source.
  • the process determines whether the data is being received in a batch load. If so, the process 1100 performs (at 1115) a delta detection operation.
  • the delta detection operation involves examining each set of relationship data to determine whether the hierarchy manager 1075 previously stored the data set in a master reference store 1065, and if so, whether the data set has changed since it was last received. In some embodiments, this detection is done via timestamp comparison. If an incoming relationship data set has a timestamp identical to that of data set stored in the master reference store, then there is no delta. In other words, if timestamps match, the incoming data set is identical to corresponding existing data set and hence the former is not processed.
  • the process 1100 performs delta detection only during a bulk load (i.e., only during batch processing) in some embodiments.
  • a bulk load operation large amounts of data are processed into the persistent master reference store.
  • the system of some embodiments assumes that fresh data is coming in and skips delta detection.
  • the process 1100 transitions to 1120.
  • the process also transitions to 1120 from 1110 when it determines that the data was not received through a batch load operation.
  • the process performs data cleansing and standardization operations.
  • the cleansing operation of some embodiments cleans up and corrects the data in an incoming relationship data set. For instance, to perform date cleansing, the hierarchy manager remove extraneous blanks or other noise characters, change case for an attribute, etc.
  • Standardization is the process of homogenizing different data codifications.
  • the male gender may be codified as 'M'.
  • the male gender may be codified as '1'.
  • the system assimilates these two different coding styles into a uniform coding style for the hierarchy manager's data store.
  • hierarchy manager standardizes on male codification as 'M', ' 1 ', '456', or some other value.
  • the standardization provides a deterministic conversion of the incoming data codification into the uniform codification used by hierarchy manager.
  • the standardization operation 1125 is based on an offline vocabulary management operation 1125.
  • the vocabulary management operation 1125 defines the syntax of the target model, and elaborates on codification standards of the same.
  • the target model's vocabulary and codification standards are modifies as necessary.
  • Vocabulary management 1125 also includes definition and verification of target schema in preparation for load.
  • the process 1100 performs a mapping operation at 1130 to map the standardized data to the enterprise normalized hierarchical data schema in the master reference store 1065.
  • Schema mapping 1130 is the process of projecting incoming data from the source schema onto the target schema.
  • Application- centric data stores have schema, also known as data model, which is most conducive to the specific application that they service.
  • the hierarchy manager data store schema similarly, will be most suitable for its purpose of managing hierarchical relationship data.
  • Schema mapping 1130 determines the appropriate location in the target schema for each incoming data record.
  • landing tables in landing area 1012 have schema, or model, that matches their respective input data sources.
  • Staging tables in staging area 1017 have schema, or model, which matches the destination data store 1065 schema.
  • the received data is in a cleansed, standardized, enterprise-normalized format.
  • the data remains in the staging tables in this format until it is retrieved by or supplied to the load processor 1055.
  • the process 1100 presented in Figure 11 conceptually illustrates the hierarchy manager's loading of data into the staging area 1017 under different conditions.
  • Some embodiments use different processes to transfer data into the staging area 1017 under different conditions. For instance, some embodiments use one process for performing batch load operations, while using another process for performing real-time load operations. Also, some embodiments perform delta detection operations 1115 for both batch and real-time load operations.
  • the load processor 1055 of the hierarchy manager 1075 performs a load process 1200 that is illustrated in Figure 12.
  • the load processor performs this process 1200 for each relationship data set in a staging table that defines a relationship between two entities.
  • the load processor 1055 initially receives (at 1205) a relationship data set in a staging table that defines a relationship between two entities. From the relationship data set, the processor extracts or generates (at 1215) the unique identification code that identifies the relationship between the two entities.
  • the load processor 1055 uses (at 1220) the unique relationship identification code associated with the received relationship data set to determine whether the data set received at 1205 updates a relationship data set previously stored in the master reference data store 1065.
  • an update is a modification to a data attribute (e.g., data cell) of a relationship data set (e.g., a relationship data record) that defines the relationship between two entities.
  • the load processor 1055 searches the master reference store 1065 to check whether any relationship data set in this storage has the same unique relationship identification code. The presence in the storage of a relationship data set with the unique relationship identification code indicates that the data entering the hierarchy manager 1075 is an update.
  • the load processor 1055 determines (at 1220) that the data is not an update (i.e., new data), then the load processor 1055 uses (at 1222) a trust score calculator 1045 of the trust framework 1070 to compute trust scores for each attribute of the received relationship data set. Computation of trust scores are described below. After 1222, the load processor 1055 stores (at 1225) the data in the master reference data store 1065, and then terminates it operation.
  • load processor 1055 determines that the data is an update
  • load processor (1) retrieves from the master reference store the previously stored relationship data set that corresponds to the received relationship data set, and (2) has the trust framework 1070 perform (at 1235, 1237, and 1240) the update operation on the retrieved and received relationship data sets.
  • the trust framework 1070 applies a concept of "trust" to update relationship records.
  • the concept of trust involves a system of measuring the value and reliability of data. Trust may be represented as a numerical score as to the confidence of the system in that data.
  • the trust framework 1070 includes two modules, a trust score calculator 1045 and a relationship survivorship module 1050.
  • the trust score calculator generates trust scores the trust framework 1070 compute the trust score for the received relationship data set and possibly re-compute the trust score for the previously stored relationship data set in the master reference store.
  • the trust score calculator 1045 computes trust scores for some or all of the attributes (e.g., fields) in a relationship data set.
  • This trust score calculator 1045 computes the trust score differently in different embodiments.
  • the trust score calculator 1045 computes the trust score based on certain parameters, algorithms, and rules. Examples of such parameters are source reliability weighting parameters that specify the reliability of the data source and fields from which the relationship data records are provided.
  • One example of trust rules are syntax validation rules that are used to determine the trust score of a data field based on the value of the data that is stored in that field. For instance, a syntax rule might reduce the trust score of an ownership attribute if the percentage is not between 0 to 100%.
  • Examples of algorithms in the trust framework 1070 include data decay algorithms that express the diminishing value of data over time.
  • Figure 13 illustrates three examples of data decay profiles that can be used by such data decay algorithms.
  • Such three data decay profiles include: (1) a linear reliability decay function 1305, (2) a slow initial reliability decay function 1310, and (3) a rapid initial reliability decay function 1315.
  • the trust framework 1070 applies one of these three data reliability decay functions to the data entering the trust framework 1070 to determine the reliability of the data at a point in time.
  • the rapid initial reliability decay function 1315 can be used to represent data that is expected to change frequently and thus become unreliable within a relatively short passage of time.
  • This data would be expected to have an initial trust score that rapidly diminishes until its reliability (i.e., trust score) plateaus at a lower state.
  • This feature as represented by the rapid initial reliability decay function 1315, can be attributed to data during scoring.
  • Some embodiments administer data reliability decay functions and applicability to various types of data by using a data steward tool.
  • the trust framework 1070 includes a rule-based system of trust that includes various algorithms and parameters.
  • the trust score calculator 1045 applies the system of trust to compute trust scores for data entering trust framework 1070.
  • Trust scoring begins when one or more relationship records are received by the trust framework 1070 from the load processor 1055. In some embodiments, these records are cleansed records received by the load processor 1055 from a staging table. In some embodiments, these records also include stored records retrieved by the load processor 1055 from the master reference data store 1065 based on associated cross-reference keys.
  • each attribute of a relationship data set retrieved from the master reference store already has a trust score that was previously calculated. Notwithstanding this previous trust score, the trust score calculator 1045 calculates trust scores for each attribute of the retrieved relationship data set as well as each attribute of the received relationship data set.
  • the survivorship module 1050 consolidates (at 1237) the attributes of the relationship data sets (i.e., the received and previously stored relationship data sets) based on the computed trust scores. In some embodiments, the survivorship module 1050 will retain the attributes that have the higher calculated trust score.
  • the survivorship module 1050 of some embodiments maintains content metadata for each data attribute that it checks for consolidation.
  • Two examples of content metadata are (1) the lineage of the new value and the source that provides this new value, and (2) the history of the replaced value and the source that provided the replaced value.
  • Some embodiments maintain the full lineage and history for the replaced data fields and the data sources from which these fields emanated. Maintaining history and lineage for each field allows some embodiments to provide for an un-merge procedure, as further described below.
  • the load processor stores (at 1240) the scored and/or consolidated relationship data sets in the master reference store 1065. This data then awaits in the master reference store 1065 for additional updating by the hierarchy manger 1075, retrieval by a data consumer, and/or matching by the match/merge engine 1060.
  • the match/merge engine will now be described.
  • relationship data is stored in the hierarchy manager data store 1065, some embodiments further consolidate the stored data through a match and merge process.
  • Such consolidation includes, for instance, removal of redundant relationship records and resolution of conflicting relationship records.
  • the hierarchy manager includes the match/merge engine 1060.
  • the match/merge engine 1060 may operate periodically or in real time to consolidate relationship records in the master reference data store 1065.
  • the operation of the match/merge engine 1060 could be triggered by various events such as a change in a relationship data record stored in the master reference data store 1065.
  • the match/merge engine 1060 may also be triggered by a change in the rules and trust algorithms relating to the trust scoring of the relationship records.
  • the data steward may further trigger the match/merge engine 1060 to specifically perform matching at various times.
  • the match/merge engine 1060 determines whether a relationship data record matches one or more relationship data records stored in the master reference data store 1065. To match existing records in the master reference data store 1065, the match/merge engine 1060 of some embodiments uses a method different from the system of relationship identification keys described above in relation to updating by the load processor 1055.
  • Figure 14 illustrates a match-and-merge process 1400 that is employed by some embodiments.
  • the matching engine 1060 performs this process for each potentially matching pair of relationship data sets in the master reference data store 1056.
  • the match process 1400 initially determines (at 1405) whether the two pair of relationship data sets match on a first set of criteria.
  • the first set of criteria includes whether a set of X fields match between the records.
  • the matching engine of some embodiments uses SSA-NAME3 from Identity Systems, an Intellisync Company.
  • the match/merge engine 1060 determines (at 1415) whether a second set of criteria are met (e.g., a different set of Z fields match).
  • the matching engine of some embodiments can again use the matching modules SSA-NAME3 from Identity Systems, an Intellisync Company.
  • the second matching determination at 1415 allows the match/merge engine 1060 to differentiate between both the number and the quality of field matches at 1405 and 1415.
  • the set of X fields at 1405 might include both a high threshold number of fieid matches and some particular fields that are a strong indicator of a match (e.g., the direction of the relationship, start date, end date, and role fields all match, or just the start date and end date fields match).
  • This case may represent a correct match between the records for almost every instance where the set of X fields match, and thus meeting this condition indicates a highly probable or "absolute" match.
  • the second set of criteria for the set of Z fields at 1415 can include a lesser number and a lesser quality of field matches (e.g., only the direction of relationship matches). If only the set of Z fields match, then there is only a possibility of a record match in this instance and this "possible" match should be queued for an individual to inspect the data and/or perform a manual-merge at 1420.
  • the process 1400 determines (at 1415) that a manual-merge might be appropriate, then the process 1400 queues up (at 1420) the two relationship data sets for a data steward to review and determine whether the two relationship data sets are a match.
  • the process determines (at 1415) that the two relationship data sets do not meet the second set of matching criteria (i.e., determines that a manual-merge would not be appropriate)
  • the process specifies (at 1425) that the two relationship data sets are not a match, and then terminates.
  • the process 1400 determines (at 1405) that the two relationship data sets meet a first set of matching criteria (i.e., have a sufficient number and/or quality of fields that match), there is a highly probability (i.e., virtually absolute) that the two relationship data sets match. Accordingly, the process directs (at 1410) the trust score calculator to compute trust scores for the attributes of the matching relationship data sets.
  • the operation of the trust score calculator 1045 during the matching process 1400 is the same as the operation of this calculator during the update process 1200.
  • the trust score calculator 1045 computes (at 1410) one or more trust scores for the relationship data set(s)
  • the survivorship module 1050 consolidates (at 1430) the attributes of the relationship data sets (i.e., the received and previously stored relationship data sets) based on the computed trust scores. In some embodiments, the survivorship module 1050 will retain the attributes that have the higher calculated trust score.
  • the survivorship module 1050 again maintains content metadata (e.g., lineage and history) for each data attribute that it checks for consolidation.
  • the process 1400 stores the consolidate relationship data set and its associated metadata in the master reference store, where it awaits for additional updating by the hierarchy manger 1075, retrieval by a data consumer, and/or matching by a match/merge engine.
  • a data consumer can retrieve relationship data sets from the master reference store 1065 through a variety of ways.
  • relationship data sets that are stored in the hierarchy manager can be exported to outside systems such as data warehouses, application-centric data sources, or applications, through a variety of ways, such as ETL tools, XML/SOAP communication, Message Queue, or other suitable method.
  • a merge procedure will combine reliable relationship data with unreliable relationship data.
  • Unreliable data may contain an error or may simply be misinterpreted data. For instance, a relationship with an entity "John Smith” may be mistakenly interpreted to be the same relationship as with entity "J. Smith”. However, it may later be determined that "J. Smith” is actually a separate entity "J. Smith, Jr.”.
  • some embodiments provide an unmerge procedure that allows the improperly merged relationship for J. Smith Jr., to be extracted from the relationship data for John Smith, and create a separate relationship for J. Smith Jr.
  • a change in the matching rules will cause previous merges to become obsolete, and require new merges to be performed. For these instances that result in undesired or inappropriate merges, some embodiments provide a sophisticated un-merge procedure.
  • Un-merge will restore the various cells of a relationship record for John Smith to a state prior to the merge and then re-apply all subsequent merges .that did not include the (undesirable) relationship data for J. Smith, Jr.
  • Un-merge differs from a simple "undo" because it does not reverse the change to a single record. Rather, un-merge iterates through the content metadata (e.g., the history and lineage of data) to return a set of records and relationships affected by the un-merge to a state as if the merge with the incorrect and/or unreliable data had never occurred.
  • content metadata e.g., the history and lineage of data
  • some embodiments provide an un-merge functionality that dramatically improves data reliability and quality. Moreover, some embodiments provide for several additional mechanisms such as updating, and a match and merge process, that promote a unified, consolidated view that is typically the best version of the available data. Further, these embodiments provide these functionalities and processes in real time.
  • the policy designates the system as consolidating, where consolidation of data occurs whenever a new value for an existing relationship data set is received. Therefore, these embodiments perform an update operation when they recognize a match between a new and an existing relationship data set.
  • Some embodiments have a policy that designates them as one-off consolidators. In these embodiments, a new value for an existing relationship is always inserted at runtime. Later, the match/merge engine 1060 consolidates and merges these new and old values and updates the data store.
  • Yet other embodiments have a policy of no-consolidation. These embodiments do not consolidate, but always insert new values for existing relationship data.

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Abstract

Selon certaines variantes, l'invention concerne un système de traitement de données de relation exprimant une relation entre diverses entités. Sous certaines variantes, les entités sont des entités associées directement à une entreprise. Sous d'autres variantes, il s'agit aussi d'entités associées indirectement à l'entreprise via d'autres entités. Néanmoins, pour des compétences ordinaires, il apparaît que certaines variantes pourraient viser seulement des relations entre entités directement associées à une entreprise. A travers certaines variantes, le système permet la consolidation de séries de données de relation disparates qui se rapportent à la même série d'entités. Par exemple, selon certaines variantes, le système comporte plusieurs mémoires de données contenant des données de relation. Pour au moins deux entités, il existe au moins deux mémoires de données différentes qui stockent deux séries de données de relation différentes exprimant différemment la relation entre les deux entités. Le système comprend un gestionnaire de hiérarchie qui reçoit les deux différentes séries de données de relation et consolide ces deux séries en une série de données de relation exprimant le mieux la relation entre les deux entités.
EP06840362A 2006-01-03 2006-12-29 Gestion de donnees de relation Ceased EP1974276A4 (fr)

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US11/325,612 US8150803B2 (en) 2006-01-03 2006-01-03 Relationship data management
US11/325,608 US7523121B2 (en) 2006-01-03 2006-01-03 Relationship data management
PCT/US2006/062721 WO2007081666A2 (fr) 2006-01-03 2006-12-29 Gestion de donnees de relation

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