EP1969348A2 - Rain sensor, especially for a motor vehicle, and method for producing said rain sensor - Google Patents
Rain sensor, especially for a motor vehicle, and method for producing said rain sensorInfo
- Publication number
- EP1969348A2 EP1969348A2 EP06847020A EP06847020A EP1969348A2 EP 1969348 A2 EP1969348 A2 EP 1969348A2 EP 06847020 A EP06847020 A EP 06847020A EP 06847020 A EP06847020 A EP 06847020A EP 1969348 A2 EP1969348 A2 EP 1969348A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- photopolymer
- optical waveguide
- waveguide
- pieces
- rain sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
- G01N21/552—Attenuated total reflection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
- B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
- B60S1/04—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers
- B60S1/06—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive
- B60S1/08—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven
- B60S1/0818—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven including control systems responsive to external conditions, e.g. by detection of moisture, dirt or the like
- B60S1/0822—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven including control systems responsive to external conditions, e.g. by detection of moisture, dirt or the like characterized by the arrangement or type of detection means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
- B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
- B60S1/04—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers
- B60S1/06—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive
- B60S1/08—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven
- B60S1/0818—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven including control systems responsive to external conditions, e.g. by detection of moisture, dirt or the like
- B60S1/0822—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven including control systems responsive to external conditions, e.g. by detection of moisture, dirt or the like characterized by the arrangement or type of detection means
- B60S1/0833—Optical rain sensor
- B60S1/084—Optical rain sensor including a hologram
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
- B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
- B60S1/04—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers
- B60S1/06—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive
- B60S1/08—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven
- B60S1/0818—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven including control systems responsive to external conditions, e.g. by detection of moisture, dirt or the like
- B60S1/0822—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven including control systems responsive to external conditions, e.g. by detection of moisture, dirt or the like characterized by the arrangement or type of detection means
- B60S1/0874—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven including control systems responsive to external conditions, e.g. by detection of moisture, dirt or the like characterized by the arrangement or type of detection means characterized by the position of the sensor on the windshield
- B60S1/0877—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven including control systems responsive to external conditions, e.g. by detection of moisture, dirt or the like characterized by the arrangement or type of detection means characterized by the position of the sensor on the windshield at least part of the sensor being positioned between layers of the windshield
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/02—Mechanical
- G01N2201/021—Special mounting in general
- G01N2201/0216—Vehicle borne
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/32—Holograms used as optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/0402—Recording geometries or arrangements
- G03H1/0408—Total internal reflection [TIR] holograms, e.g. edge lit or substrate mode holograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2260/00—Recording materials or recording processes
- G03H2260/12—Photopolymer
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rain sensor, in particular for a motor vehicle, having an optical waveguide which can be arranged in a disk and which has a waveguide core, a waveguide cladding and planar holographic coupling elements for coupling and decoupling radiation.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing a volume hologram in a photopolymer holographic coupling element for a rain sensor and a method for producing a rain sensor.
- the known rain sensor uses an additional optical fiber in which the light can be positioned from a transmit / receive area that can be positioned in the disk, at its edge or even outside in the vicinity of a located in the wiping field of the windshield wiper detection area and spread back. It is also known to use planar holographic coupling elements, wherein the decoupling element may be formed as a volume hologram.
- the optical waveguide is arranged in an adhesive intermediate layer of the disk.
- the jacket of the waveguide has corresponding openings in the region of the coupling elements. It is proposed that this be realized in that the cladding layer is formed as a continuous layer, the For example, obtained by photolithographic processes the property of holograms with the required input or Auskoppeleigenschaften.
- a holographic phase grating may also be formed in particular by a volume hologram with a photopolymer as the carrier material. It is mentioned that volume holograms can be incorporated in sheets of photopolymer, but no details of the generation of the holograms or the rain sensors or the connection / arrangement of the photopolymeric carrier material with the disk are given.
- the rain sensor according to the invention has the advantage that the coupling elements are formed by layer-shaped pieces of photopolymer, in which volume holograms are incorporated, and that the photopolymer pieces are arranged between the waveguide core and the waveguide cladding. In this way, one obtains inexpensive coupling means with very good coupling behavior, which can be integrated with little effort into the optical waveguide of the rain sensor. In addition, such a design opens up various possibilities of embedding the optical waveguide provided with the photopolymer pieces into a pane. For coupling and decoupling the same (or similar) holographic gratings can be used. Since volume holograms are used, there is no danger of surface contamination in relief-like structures.
- the optical waveguide provided with the photopolymer pieces in a laminated glass pane, between a glass layer and an adhesive intermediate layer.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- the U-type, a first and a second photopolymer piece are arranged at a distance from one another in a line perpendicular to the propagation direction in the optical waveguide and parallel to the pane, wherein the first coupling element decouples the radiation toward a detection area while the second coupling element couples the radiation back into the waveguide so that it can propagate towards the reception area.
- This embodiment requires very precise volume homograms.
- the axis type two photopolymer pieces designed in each case for coupling and decoupling are arranged one behind the other along the propagation direction in the optical waveguide.
- the axis-type sensor offers the advantage that a relatively wide light beam can be used, resulting in an advantageous enlargement of the detection area.
- the method according to the invention for producing a volume hologram in a holographic coupling element made of photopolymer for a rain sensor, in particular for a rain sensor according to the invention makes it possible to produce precise interference patterns for volume holograms, in particular in acrylic glass, in a low-cost manner. It is intended: Providing a photopolymer consisting of a polymer matrix and photosensitive molecules,
- the writing of the holograms can therefore according to the invention with simple and inexpensive holographic methods, in particular with conventional laser light sources occur.
- the photopolymer consisting of the polymer matrix and a photosensitive monomer does not require chemical development. Rather, development and fixation are effected by heating, for example by means of a halogen lamp.
- FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a pane with a rain sensor of the U type according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section in a first direction through the arrangement shown in FIG. 2,
- FIG. 4 shows a cross section in a second direction through the arrangement shown in FIG. 2,
- FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a pane with an axis-type rain sensor according to the invention
- FIG. 6 shows a cross section through the arrangement shown in FIG. 5,
- FIG. 7 shows steps a) to d) of the method according to the invention for producing a volume hologram in a photopolymer holographic coupling element for a rain sensor
- FIG. 8 shows the steps a) to g) of a method for producing a rain sensor according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an optical waveguide 22, which is not yet installed in a disk and is provided for a rain sensor, which has a waveguide core 1 and a waveguide cladding 2 made of - ideally - transparent dielectric material.
- the core 1 may for example consist of glass and have a thickness in the range of 200 microns, while the coating 2 is typically 5 to 10 microns thick.
- a light beam 4 generated by components of the rain sensor, not shown in FIG. 1, is coupled into the optical waveguide 22 and propagates to a predetermined location from where the beam 4 is coupled by means of the coupling element 3, that is deflected in a certain direction.
- the light beam 4 is usually directed to a detection area on the outer surface of the disc on which he - if the disc is not wetted by raindrops - is totally reflected, so that the light beam 1 are coupled back into the optical waveguide 22, there spread out and finally can be coupled out to a receiving element of the rain sensor out.
- the attenuation of the light beam 4 as a result of partial decoupling at a wetted with moisture detection area can be utilized in a conventional manner for generating the desired sensor signal.
- Such an optical waveguide 22 may, for. B. have a width of 5 cm and a length of 20 cm or more, so that the transmission / reception range of the sensor may have a greater distance to the detection area, without the sensor is dependent on using the disk itself as an optical waveguide.
- the holographic coupling elements 3 selected for precise coupling and uncoupling consist of photopolymer pieces 3, which typically have a size in the range of 2 ⁇ 2 mm or more and a thickness in the range of 5 to 10 ⁇ m. Since these photopolymer pieces 3 are located between the core 1 and the cladding 2 of the waveguide 22, the surface of the waveguide, notwithstanding the schematic representation in FIG. 1, can be curved in a bucke-like shape, which is not fundamental in the given dimensions and materials Problem poses.
- the optical waveguide 22 is typically embedded in a laminated glass pane, wherein the adhesive, elastic PVB interlayer can accommodate the shape of the waveguide 22, in particular the shape of the humps.
- FIG. 2 shows a windshield 26 of a motor vehicle with a wiper area 27 covered by the windshield wipers (not shown) and with a rain sensor of the U type arranged centrally on the upper edge of the windshield 26.
- the rain sensor has a transmission / reception area 24 arranged outside the field of vision of the driver, as well as a detection area 25 located in the wiping area 27.
- Visible is the U-shaped structure of the sensor with a suitable for coupling and decoupling photopolymer piece 3a as a 'base', which couples the radiation 4 from the transmitting / receiving region 24 in the waveguide 22 or.
- two 'U-legs' are provided, which are formed by a in the waveguide 22 from the photopolymer piece 3a to another photopolymer piece 3b propagating light beam 4 on the one hand and from a coupling third photopolymer piece 3c back to the 'base' propagating beam 4 on the other.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-section of the rain sensor shown in FIG. 2 in the first cutting direction (view 1) indicated there.
- the transmission / reception area 24 is arranged on (for the sake of simplification of the illustration in FIG. 3: on the outside) a laminated glass pane 26 which consists of an inner and outer glass layer 23 which is protected by an adhesive intermediate layer 21, preferably of PVB (polyvinyl butyral). is held together.
- an adhesive intermediate layer 21, preferably of PVB (polyvinyl butyral). is held together.
- the intermediate layer 21 and a glass layer 23 of FIG. 1, consisting of a glass core 1 the cladding layer 2 and the holographic coupling elements 3 consisting of photopolymer optical waveguide 22 is arranged.
- the mode of operation of the rain sensor of the U type results most clearly from FIG. 3 together with the section of the sensor shown in FIG. 4 (compare FIG. 2, view 2).
- the light beam 4, coming from the transmitting / receiving region 24, is coupled into the waveguide 22 by the photopolymer piece 3 a, and propagates as far as the coupling-out element 3 b in the waveguide 22 from where the beam 4 is deflected to a located on the outside of the disc 26 detection area 25. There, the beam 4 is totally reflected, whereupon it strikes the photopolymer piece 3c designed for coupling and then propagates again in the waveguide 22 back to the transmitting / receiving region 24.
- the detection area 25 is arranged centrally to the coupling elements 3b and 3c.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 show a rain sensor of the axle type.
- the basic measuring principle is in turn based, as in the U-type, on the weakening of the total reflection of the light beam 4 by raindrops present on the detection region 25.
- the optical waveguide 22 is arranged in a disk 26. Along the propagation direction in the optical waveguide 22, two respective photopolymer pieces 3dl and 3d2 designed for coupling and uncoupling are arranged in succession, so that the radiation 4 propagates in the optical waveguide 22 as far as the first photopolymer fragment 3dl, cf.
- FIG. 1 A block diagram illustrating an exemplary computing environment in accordance with the present disclosure.
- the axis-type sensor offers the advantage that the precision or efficiency of the refraction at the grid 3d1 is relatively uncritical, since both the fractional and the non-fractional part of the light beam 4 are included in the detection. It is therefore only necessary to guarantee or optimize the precision of the refraction with respect to the grating 3d2.
- By the propagation of the light beam 4 along an axis It is possible to use a relatively wide light beam 4, which results in an advantageous enlargement of the detection area 25.
- the generation of volume holograms in a photopolymer is shown in FIG.
- the holographic grating is inscribed by photopolymerization in the photopolymer according to the invention.
- the production begins in the first step 7a) with the provision of a mixture (solution) of a polymer matrix 6 and photosensitive molecules 5 (the schematic separation of the two components into vertical regions in FIG. 7 has been made for better understanding).
- a lighting of the photosensitive molecules 5 taking place with a spatially periodic pattern 7, that is to say by means of exposed 8 and unexposed areas 9, their partial polymerization takes place in the illuminated regions 8, as shown in FIG. 7b) as partial attachment 10 of the molecules 5 in FIG Polymer matrix 6.
- Both the non-attached molecules 11 and the newly formed copolymer of attached photosensitive molecules 10 and polymer matrix 6 each generate a spatial lattice which is defined by the spatial, d. H. area-wise modulations 12 (caused by the distribution 10) and 13 (caused by the distribution 11) of the refractive index is characterized. As can be seen from FIG. 7b), the modulations 12 and 13 partially compensate each other so that initially a relatively weakly formed interference pattern 14 results.
- the modulation 13 caused by the non-deposited molecules 11 can be due to diffusion (relaxation), which is induced for example by heating (illumination), in the direction
- the developed photopolymer can be spatially homogeneously illuminated with a halogen lamp 15, curing of the photopolymer, ie, (spatially homogeneous) attachment of the previously non-attached photosensitive molecules 5 and 11 to the photopolymer matrix 6.
- the interference pattern 14 developed in FIGS. 7b) and 7c naturally remains intact and forms the desired volume hologram.
- FIG. 8a) to g) shows a possible procedure in the production of a rain sensor with coupling elements of photopolymer.
- step 8a first of all, a photopolymer layer 17 is applied to a flat solid surface 18 by discharging the photopolymer from a reservoir 16 to the surface 18 moving therewith at a constant relative speed. The result of this step is shown in FIG. 8b). Thereafter, the drying and detachment of the photopolymer layer 17 takes place from the surface 18, cf. Figure 8c).
- step 8e The production of volume holograms in the photopolymer by means of interfering light waves 20 takes place in step 8e), wherein preferably before this generation, a division of the photopolymer layer 17 by means of scissors 19 takes place in the individual photopolymer pieces 3, cf. Figure 8d).
- step 8f the photopolymer pieces 3 are arranged on the waveguide core 1 of the optical waveguide 22, for. B. glued, and then with a Wellenleitermantelmateri- al 2, which is substantially transparent and which has a lower refractive index than the waveguide core 1, coated.
- step 8g the optical waveguide 22 provided with the photopolymer pieces 3 is introduced into a pane with the glass layers 23 and the intermediate layer 21. The coating with a
- Waveguide cladding material 2 in step 8f) may be advantageous by immersing the waveguide core 1 provided with the photopolymer pieces 3 in a Teflon solution.
- the optical waveguide 22 provided with the photopolymer pieces 3 When the optical waveguide 22 provided with the photopolymer pieces 3 is inserted between two glass layers 23 together with an adhesive intermediate layer 21, it cakes into a laminated glass pane, usually at temperatures above about 100 ° C.
- the photoconductive material 3 acts on the photopolymer pieces 3 during baking Heat for simultaneous fixation by heat treatment in the context of a according to Figure 7, in particular Figure 7d), taking place generating volume holograms be exploited.
- the baking process of the pane is limited in time (for example to 30 minutes) in such a way that it does not yet result in the extinguishment taking place when the volume holograms are heated for too long.
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rain sensor, especially for a motor vehicle, said sensor comprising an optical waveguide (22) which can be arranged in a windscreen. According to the invention, the planar holographic coupling elements for coupling and decoupling radiation (4) are formed from layered photo-polymer parts (3) into which volume holograms are integrated. The photo-polymer parts (3) are arranged between the core (1) of the waveguide and the envelope of the waveguide (2), resulting in a simple production method and an increased flexibility in terms of the arrangement of the waveguide (22) in the windscreen.
Description
Datum 0 6 . 12 . 05Date 0 6. 12. 05
ROBERT BOSCH GMBH, 70442 StuttgartROBERT BOSCH GMBH, 70442 Stuttgart
Regensensor, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, und Verfah- ren zur Herstellung des RegensensorsRain sensor, in particular for a motor vehicle, and methods for producing the rain sensor
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Regensensor, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, mit einem Lichtwellenleiter, der in einer Scheibe anordenbar ist und der einen Wellenleiterkern, einen Wellenleitermantel und planare holographische Koppelelemente zur Ein- und Auskopplung von Strahlung aufweist. Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Volumenhologramms in einem aus Photopolymer bestehenden holographischen Koppelelement für einen Regensensor sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Regensensors.The invention relates to a rain sensor, in particular for a motor vehicle, having an optical waveguide which can be arranged in a disk and which has a waveguide core, a waveguide cladding and planar holographic coupling elements for coupling and decoupling radiation. The invention also relates to a method for producing a volume hologram in a photopolymer holographic coupling element for a rain sensor and a method for producing a rain sensor.
Ein derartiger, nach dem Prinzip der Totalreflexion arbeitender Regensensor ist aus der DE 102 29 239 Al bekannt. Wahrend konventionelle Sensoren das Licht in die als Wellenleiter verwendete Windschutzscheibe einkoppeln, verwendet der be- kannte Regensensor einen zusatzlichen Lichtwellenleiter, in dem sich das Licht von einem Sende/Empfangsbereich, der in der Scheibe, an ihrem Rand oder sogar außerhalb positioniert werden kann, bis in die Nahe eines im Wischfeld der Scheibenwischer gelegenen Detektionsbereichs und zurück ausbreitet. Dabei ist es auch bekannt, planare holographische Koppelelemente zu verwenden, wobei das Auskoppelelement als Volumenhologramm ausgebildet sein kann. Bei dem bekannten Regensensor ist der Lichtwellenleiter in einer klebenden Zwischenschicht der Scheibe angeordnet. Der Mantel des Wellenleiters weist im Bereich der Koppelelemente entsprechende Offnungen auf. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dies dadurch zu realisieren, dass die Mantelschicht als durchgehende Schicht ausgebildet ist, die
beispielsweise durch photolithografische Prozesse die Eigenschaft von Hologrammen mit den verlangten Ein- bzw. Auskoppeleigenschaften erhält.Such, based on the principle of total reflection rain sensor is known from DE 102 29 239 Al. While conventional sensors couple the light into the windshield used as waveguides, the known rain sensor uses an additional optical fiber in which the light can be positioned from a transmit / receive area that can be positioned in the disk, at its edge or even outside in the vicinity of a located in the wiping field of the windshield wiper detection area and spread back. It is also known to use planar holographic coupling elements, wherein the decoupling element may be formed as a volume hologram. In the known rain sensor, the optical waveguide is arranged in an adhesive intermediate layer of the disk. The jacket of the waveguide has corresponding openings in the region of the coupling elements. It is proposed that this be realized in that the cladding layer is formed as a continuous layer, the For example, obtained by photolithographic processes the property of holograms with the required input or Auskoppeleigenschaften.
Aus der DE 197 Ol 258 Al sind viele verschiedene Ausführungen von planaren Koppelelementen für konventionelle Regensensoren, also ohne Lichtwellenleiter, bekannt, wobei z. B. ein holographisches Phasengitter insbesondere auch durch ein Volumenhologramm mit einem Photopolymer als Trägermaterial ge- bildet sein kann. Es wird erwähnt, dass Volumenhologramme in Folien aus Photopolymeren eingebracht werden können, jedoch werden keine Einzelheiten der Erzeugung der Hologramme bzw. der Regensensoren oder der Verbindung/Anordnung des photopo- lymeren Trägermaterials mit der Scheibe angegeben.From DE 197 Ol 258 Al many different versions of planar coupling elements for conventional rain sensors, ie without optical fibers, known, for. For example, a holographic phase grating may also be formed in particular by a volume hologram with a photopolymer as the carrier material. It is mentioned that volume holograms can be incorporated in sheets of photopolymer, but no details of the generation of the holograms or the rain sensors or the connection / arrangement of the photopolymeric carrier material with the disk are given.
Der erfindungsgemäße Regensensor gemäß Anspruch 1 hat den Vorteil, dass die Koppelelemente durch schichtförmige Stücke aus Photopolymer gebildet sind, in die Volumenhologramme eingearbeitet sind, und dass die Photopolymerstücke zwischen dem Wellenleiterkern und dem Wellenleitermantel angeordnet sind. Auf diese Weise erhält man preiswerte Koppelmittel mit sehr gutem Koppelverhalten, die mit geringem Aufwand in den Lichtwellenleiter des Regensensors integrierbar sind. Darüber hinaus eröffnen sich durch eine derartige Ausbildung verschiede- ne Möglichkeiten der Einbettung des mit den Photopolymerstücken versehenen Lichtwellenleiters in eine Scheibe. Für die Ein- und Auskopplung können die gleichen (oder ähnliche) holographischen Gitter verwendet werden. Da Volumenhologramme eingesetzt werden, entfällt die bei reliefartigen Strukturen bestehende Gefahr von Oberflächenverunreinigungen.The rain sensor according to the invention has the advantage that the coupling elements are formed by layer-shaped pieces of photopolymer, in which volume holograms are incorporated, and that the photopolymer pieces are arranged between the waveguide core and the waveguide cladding. In this way, one obtains inexpensive coupling means with very good coupling behavior, which can be integrated with little effort into the optical waveguide of the rain sensor. In addition, such a design opens up various possibilities of embedding the optical waveguide provided with the photopolymer pieces into a pane. For coupling and decoupling the same (or similar) holographic gratings can be used. Since volume holograms are used, there is no danger of surface contamination in relief-like structures.
Hinsichtlich der Herstellbarkeit ist es von Vorteil, den mit den Photopolymerstücken versehene Lichtwellenleiter in einer Verbundglasscheibe, zwischen einer Glasschicht und einer kle- benden Zwischenschicht, anzuordnen. Grundsätzlich kann derWith regard to manufacturability, it is advantageous to arrange the optical waveguide provided with the photopolymer pieces in a laminated glass pane, between a glass layer and an adhesive intermediate layer. Basically, the
Lichtwellenleiter mit den Photopolymerstücken jedoch auch in der Zwischenschicht angeordnet sein.
Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform umfasst das Photopolymer eine aus Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA = Acryl- glas) bestehende Polymermatrix. Dieser vielseitige und preis- werte Kunststoff verbindet eine hohe optische Qualität, insbesondere lassen sich darin präzise holographische Phasengitter erzeugen, mit leichter Bearbeitbarkeit . Nach der Entwicklung der Hologramme wird das Photopolymer transparent, stört also nicht das Sichtfeld des Fahrers.However, optical waveguide with the photopolymer pieces but also be arranged in the intermediate layer. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the photopolymer comprises a polymer matrix consisting of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA = acrylic glass). This versatile and inexpensive plastic combines a high optical quality, in particular, it can produce precise holographic phase gratings, with easy machinability. After the development of holograms, the photopolymer becomes transparent, so it does not disturb the driver's field of vision.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Aufbauvariante des Regensensors, dem U-Typ, sind ein erstes und ein zweites Photopolymerstück in einer senkrecht zur Ausbreitungsrichtung im Lichtwellenleiter und parallel zur Scheibe verlaufenden Linie mit Abstand zu- einander angeordnet, wobei das erste Koppelelement die Strahlung zu einem Detektionsbereich hin auskoppelt, während das zweite Koppelelement die Strahlung wieder in den Wellenleiter einkoppelt, so dass sie sich zum Empfangsbereich hin ausbreiten kann. Diese Ausführungsform setzt sehr präzise Volumenho- logramme voraus.In an advantageous construction variant of the rain sensor, the U-type, a first and a second photopolymer piece are arranged at a distance from one another in a line perpendicular to the propagation direction in the optical waveguide and parallel to the pane, wherein the first coupling element decouples the radiation toward a detection area while the second coupling element couples the radiation back into the waveguide so that it can propagate towards the reception area. This embodiment requires very precise volume homograms.
Bei einer alternativen Aufbauvariante, dem Achsen-Typ, sind entlang der Ausbreitungsrichtung im Lichtwellenleiter hintereinander zwei jeweils für Ein- und Auskoppeln ausgelegte Pho- topolymerstücke angeordnet. Der Sensor vom Achsen-Typ bietet den Vorteil, dass ein relativ breiter Lichtstrahl verwendet werden kann, wodurch eine vorteilhafte Vergrößerung des De- tektionsbereichs resultiert.In an alternative construction variant, the axis type, two photopolymer pieces designed in each case for coupling and decoupling are arranged one behind the other along the propagation direction in the optical waveguide. The axis-type sensor offers the advantage that a relatively wide light beam can be used, resulting in an advantageous enlargement of the detection area.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Volumenhologramms in einem aus Photopolymer bestehenden holographischen Koppelelement für einen Regensensor, insbesondere für einen erfindungsgemäßen Regensensor, ermöglicht in wenig aufwendiger Weise die Erzeugung von präzisen Interferenzmustern für Volumenhologramme, insbesondere in Acrylglas. Dabei ist vorgesehen :
- Bereitstellen eines aus einer Polymermatrix und photoempfindlichen Molekülen bestehenden Photopolymers,The method according to the invention for producing a volume hologram in a holographic coupling element made of photopolymer for a rain sensor, in particular for a rain sensor according to the invention, makes it possible to produce precise interference patterns for volume holograms, in particular in acrylic glass, in a low-cost manner. It is intended: Providing a photopolymer consisting of a polymer matrix and photosensitive molecules,
- Holographische Belichtung des Photopolymers entsprechend einem vorgegebenen räumlich periodischen Muster von belichte- ten und unbelichteten Bereichen, wobei durch Polymerisation eines Teils der photoempfindlichen Moleküle eine erste den Bereichen entsprechende Modulation des Refraktionsindex gebildet wird, die von einer durch nicht polymerisierte photoempfindliche Moleküle gebildeten zweiten Modulation des Re- fraktionsindex teilweise kompensiert wird,Holographic exposure of the photopolymer corresponding to a given spatially periodic pattern of exposed and unexposed areas, wherein polymerization of a portion of the photosensitive molecules forms a first modulation of the refractive index corresponding to the areas formed by a second modulation of the non-polymerized photosensitive molecule Fraction index is partially compensated,
- Entwicklung des belichteten Photopolymers durch Erhitzen, wobei das Erhitzen so durchgeführt wird, dass es durch eine räumlich homogenisierende Diffusion photoempfindlicher Moleküle aus den unbelichteten in die belichteten Bereiche zur Verringerung oder Aufhebung der zweiten Modulation und damit zur Verstärkung eines durch die Modulationen gebildeten Interferenzmusters kommt,Development of the exposed photopolymer by heating, wherein the heating is carried out so that it comes from a spatially homogenizing diffusion of photosensitive molecules from the unexposed to the exposed areas to reduce or cancel the second modulation and thus to amplify an interference pattern formed by the modulations,
- Fixierung des gebildeten Interferenzmusters durch Belichtung und/oder Wärmebehandlung, um so im Photopolymer ein Vo- lumenhologramm zu erzeugen.Fixing of the formed interference pattern by exposure and / or heat treatment, so as to produce a lumen hologram in the photopolymer.
Das Einschreiben der Hologramme kann demnach erfindungsgemäß mit einfachen und preiswerten holographischen Methoden, insbesondere mit üblichen Laserlichtquellen, erfolgen. Das aus der Polymermatrix und einem photoempfindlichen Monomer bestehende Photopolymer benötigt keine chemische Entwicklung. Entwicklung und Fixierung werden vielmehr durch Erhitzen, beispielsweise mittels einer Halogenlampe, bewirkt.The writing of the holograms can therefore according to the invention with simple and inexpensive holographic methods, in particular with conventional laser light sources occur. The photopolymer consisting of the polymer matrix and a photosensitive monomer does not require chemical development. Rather, development and fixation are effected by heating, for example by means of a halogen lamp.
In den abhängigen Ansprüchen 8 bis 10 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Regensensors angegeben.In the dependent claims 8 to 10, a method for producing a rain sensor according to the invention is given.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind nachstehend anhand der schematischen Figuren der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt:
Figur 1 einen Querschnitt durch einen für einen erfindungsgemäßen Regensensor verwendbaren Lichtwellenleiter mit Photopolymerstücken,Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the schematic figures of the drawing. It shows: 1 shows a cross section through a usable for a rain sensor according to the invention optical waveguide with photopolymer pieces,
Figur 2 eine Draufsicht auf eine Scheibe mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Regensensor des U-Typs,FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a pane with a rain sensor of the U type according to the invention,
Figur 3 einen Querschnitt in einer ersten Richtung durch die in Figur 2 gezeigte Anordnung,FIG. 3 shows a cross section in a first direction through the arrangement shown in FIG. 2,
Figur 4 einen Querschnitt in einer zweiten Richtung durch die in Figur 2 gezeigte Anordnung,FIG. 4 shows a cross section in a second direction through the arrangement shown in FIG. 2,
Figur 5 eine Draufsicht auf eine Scheibe mit einem erfin- dungsgemäßen Regensensor des Achsen-Typs,FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a pane with an axis-type rain sensor according to the invention,
Figur 6 einen Querschnitt durch die in Figur 5 gezeigte Anordnung,FIG. 6 shows a cross section through the arrangement shown in FIG. 5,
Figur 7 die Schritte a) bis d) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Erzeugung eines Volumenhologramms in einem aus Photopolymer bestehenden holographischen Koppelelement für einen Regensensor,FIG. 7 shows steps a) to d) of the method according to the invention for producing a volume hologram in a photopolymer holographic coupling element for a rain sensor,
Figur 8 die Schritte a) bis g) eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Regensensors.8 shows the steps a) to g) of a method for producing a rain sensor according to the invention.
Figur 1 zeigt einen noch nicht in eine Scheibe eingebauten, für einen Regensensor vorgesehenen Lichtwellenleiter 22, der einen Wellenleiterkern 1 und einen Wellenleitermantel 2 aus einem — idealerweise — durchsichtigen dielektrischen Material aufweist. Der Kern 1 kann beispielsweise aus Glas bestehen und eine Dicke im Bereich von 200 μm aufweisen, während die Beschichtung 2 typischerweise 5 bis 10 μm dick ist. Ein von in der Figur 1 nicht dargestellten Bauteilen des Regensensors erzeugter Lichtstrahl 4 wird in den Lichtwellenleiter 22 eingekoppelt und breitet sich bis zu einer vorgesehenen Stelle
aus, an der der Strahl 4 mittels dem Koppelelement 3 ausgekoppelt, d. h. in eine bestimmte Richtung abgelenkt wird. Bei einem Regensensor wird der Lichtstrahl 4 üblicherweise zu einem Detektionsbereich an der äußeren Oberfläche der Scheibe gelenkt, an der er — sofern die Scheibe nicht durch Regentropfen benetzt ist — totalreflektiert wird, so dass der Lichtstrahl 1 wieder in den Lichtwellenleiter 22 eingekoppelt werden, sich dort ausbreiten und schließlich zu einem Empfangselement des Regensensors hin ausgekoppelt werden kann. Die Schwächung des Lichtstrahls 4 infolge von teilweiser Auskopplung an einem mit Feuchtigkeit benetzten Detektionsbereich kann in an sich bekannter Weise zur Generierung des gewünschten Sensorsignals ausgenutzt werden. Ein derartiger Lichtwellenleiter 22 kann z. B. eine Breite von 5 cm und eine Länge von 20 cm oder mehr aufweisen, so dass der Sende/Empfangsbereich des Sensors eine größere Entfernung zum Detektionsbereich aufweisen kann, ohne dass der Sensor darauf angewiesen ist, die Scheibe selbst als Lichtwellenleiter zu benutzen .FIG. 1 shows an optical waveguide 22, which is not yet installed in a disk and is provided for a rain sensor, which has a waveguide core 1 and a waveguide cladding 2 made of - ideally - transparent dielectric material. The core 1 may for example consist of glass and have a thickness in the range of 200 microns, while the coating 2 is typically 5 to 10 microns thick. A light beam 4 generated by components of the rain sensor, not shown in FIG. 1, is coupled into the optical waveguide 22 and propagates to a predetermined location from where the beam 4 is coupled by means of the coupling element 3, that is deflected in a certain direction. In a rain sensor, the light beam 4 is usually directed to a detection area on the outer surface of the disc on which he - if the disc is not wetted by raindrops - is totally reflected, so that the light beam 1 are coupled back into the optical waveguide 22, there spread out and finally can be coupled out to a receiving element of the rain sensor out. The attenuation of the light beam 4 as a result of partial decoupling at a wetted with moisture detection area can be utilized in a conventional manner for generating the desired sensor signal. Such an optical waveguide 22 may, for. B. have a width of 5 cm and a length of 20 cm or more, so that the transmission / reception range of the sensor may have a greater distance to the detection area, without the sensor is dependent on using the disk itself as an optical waveguide.
Die zum präzisen Ein- bzw. Auskoppeln gewählten holographischen Koppelelemente 3 bestehen aus Photopolymerstücken 3, die typischerweise eine Größe im Bereich von 2 x 2 mm oder mehr und eine Dicke im Bereich von 5 bis 10 μm aufweisen. Da sich diese Photopolymerstücke 3 zwischen dem Kern 1 und dem Mantel 2 des Wellenleiters 22 befinden, kann die Oberfläche des Wellenleiters, abweichend von der schematischen Darstellung in Figur 1, dort buckeiförmig gewölbt sein, was bei den gegebenen Dimensionen und Materialien jedoch kein grundsätz- liches Problem aufwirft. Darüber hinaus wird der Lichtwellenleiter 22, wie weiter unten noch näher beschrieben, typischerweise in eine Verbundglasscheibe eingebettet, wobei die klebende, elastische PVB-Zwischenschicht die Form des Wellenleiters 22, insbesondere die Form der Buckel, aufnehmen bzw. ausgleichen kann.
In Figur 2 ist eine Frontscheibe 26 eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit einem von den (nicht dargestellten) Scheibenwischern über- strichenen Wischbereich 27 und mit einem mittig am oberen Rand der Scheibe 26 angeordneten Regensensor des U-Typs dar- gestellt. Der Regensensor weist einen außerhalb des Sichtbereichs des Fahrers angeordneten Sende/Empfangsbereich 24 sowie einen im Wischfeld 27 liegenden Detektionsbereich 25 auf. Erkennbar ist die U-förmige Struktur des Sensors mit einem zum Ein- und Auskoppeln geeigneten Photopolymerstück 3a als 'Basis', das die Strahlung 4 vom Sende/Empfangsbereich 24 in den Wellenleiter 22 ein- bzw. auskoppelt. Ferner sind zwei 'U-Schenkel' vorgesehen, die durch einen sich im Wellenleiter 22 vom Photopolymerstück 3a zu einem weiteren Photopolymerstück 3b ausbreitenden Lichtstrahl 4 einerseits und einen sich von einem einkoppelnden dritten Photopolymerstück 3c zurück zur 'Basis' ausbreitenden Strahl 4 andererseits gebildet sind.The holographic coupling elements 3 selected for precise coupling and uncoupling consist of photopolymer pieces 3, which typically have a size in the range of 2 × 2 mm or more and a thickness in the range of 5 to 10 μm. Since these photopolymer pieces 3 are located between the core 1 and the cladding 2 of the waveguide 22, the surface of the waveguide, notwithstanding the schematic representation in FIG. 1, can be curved in a bucke-like shape, which is not fundamental in the given dimensions and materials Problem poses. In addition, as described in more detail below, the optical waveguide 22 is typically embedded in a laminated glass pane, wherein the adhesive, elastic PVB interlayer can accommodate the shape of the waveguide 22, in particular the shape of the humps. FIG. 2 shows a windshield 26 of a motor vehicle with a wiper area 27 covered by the windshield wipers (not shown) and with a rain sensor of the U type arranged centrally on the upper edge of the windshield 26. The rain sensor has a transmission / reception area 24 arranged outside the field of vision of the driver, as well as a detection area 25 located in the wiping area 27. Visible is the U-shaped structure of the sensor with a suitable for coupling and decoupling photopolymer piece 3a as a 'base', which couples the radiation 4 from the transmitting / receiving region 24 in the waveguide 22 or. Further, two 'U-legs' are provided, which are formed by a in the waveguide 22 from the photopolymer piece 3a to another photopolymer piece 3b propagating light beam 4 on the one hand and from a coupling third photopolymer piece 3c back to the 'base' propagating beam 4 on the other.
In Figur 3 ist ein Querschnitt des in Figur 2 gezeigten Re- gensensors in der dort angedeuteten ersten Schnittrichtung (view 1) dargestellt. Der Sende/Empfangsbereich 24 ist auf (zur Vereinfachung der Darstellung in Figur 3: auf der Außenseite) einer Verbundglasscheibe 26 angeordnet, die aus einer inneren und äußeren Glasschicht 23 besteht, die durch eine klebende Zwischenschicht 21, vorzugsweise aus PVB (Polyvinyl- butyral) zusammengehalten wird. Zwischen der Zwischenschicht 21 und einer Glasschicht 23 ist der in Figur 1 dargestellte, aus einem Glaskern 1, der Mantelschicht 2 sowie den holographischen Koppelelementen 3 aus Photopolymer bestehende Lichtwellenleiter 22 angeordnet.FIG. 3 shows a cross-section of the rain sensor shown in FIG. 2 in the first cutting direction (view 1) indicated there. The transmission / reception area 24 is arranged on (for the sake of simplification of the illustration in FIG. 3: on the outside) a laminated glass pane 26 which consists of an inner and outer glass layer 23 which is protected by an adhesive intermediate layer 21, preferably of PVB (polyvinyl butyral). is held together. Between the intermediate layer 21 and a glass layer 23 of FIG. 1, consisting of a glass core 1, the cladding layer 2 and the holographic coupling elements 3 consisting of photopolymer optical waveguide 22 is arranged.
Die Funktionsweise des Regensensors vom U-Typ ergibt sich am klarsten aus Figur 3 zusammen mit dem in Figur 4 dargestellten Schnitt des Sensors (vgl. Figur 2, view 2) . Der Licht- strahl 4 wird, vom Sende/Empfangsbereich 24 kommend, vom Photopolymerstück 3a in den Wellenleiter 22 eingekoppelt, und breitet sich bis zum Auskoppelelement 3b im Wellenleiter 22
aus, von wo der Strahl 4 zu einem an der Außenseite der Scheibe 26 gelegenen Detektionsbereich 25 umgelenkt wird. Dort wird der Strahl 4 totalreflektiert, woraufhin er auf das zum Einkoppeln ausgelegte Photopolymerstück 3c trifft und sich daraufhin im Wellenleiter 22 wieder zurück zum Sende/Empfangsbereich 24 ausbreitet. Der Detektionsbereich 25 ist mittig zu den Koppelelementen 3b und 3c angeordnet.The mode of operation of the rain sensor of the U type results most clearly from FIG. 3 together with the section of the sensor shown in FIG. 4 (compare FIG. 2, view 2). The light beam 4, coming from the transmitting / receiving region 24, is coupled into the waveguide 22 by the photopolymer piece 3 a, and propagates as far as the coupling-out element 3 b in the waveguide 22 from where the beam 4 is deflected to a located on the outside of the disc 26 detection area 25. There, the beam 4 is totally reflected, whereupon it strikes the photopolymer piece 3c designed for coupling and then propagates again in the waveguide 22 back to the transmitting / receiving region 24. The detection area 25 is arranged centrally to the coupling elements 3b and 3c.
In Figur 5 und 6 ist ein Regensensor vom Achsen-Typ darge- stellt. Das grundlegende Messprinzip beruht wiederum, wie beim U-Typ, auf der Schwächung der Totalreflektion des Lichtstrahls 4 durch am Detektionsbereich 25 vorhandene Regentropfen .FIGS. 5 and 6 show a rain sensor of the axle type. The basic measuring principle is in turn based, as in the U-type, on the weakening of the total reflection of the light beam 4 by raindrops present on the detection region 25.
Der Lichtwellenleiter 22 ist in einer Scheibe 26 angeordnet. Entlang der Ausbreitungsrichtung im Lichtwellenleiter 22 sind hintereinander zwei jeweils für Ein- und Auskoppeln ausgelegte Photopolymerstücke 3dl und 3d2 angeordnet, so dass sich die Strahlung 4 im Lichtwellenleiter 22 bis zu dem ersten Photopolymerstück 3dl ausbreitet, vgl. Figur 6, wobei dort ein Teil der Strahlung 4 ausgekoppelt, an einem Detektionsbereich 25 an der Außenseite der Scheibe 26 totalreflektiert und vom Gitter des zweiten Photopolymerstück 3d2 wieder in den Lichtwellenleiter 22 eingekoppelt wird, während der am ersten Photopolymerstück 3dl reflektierte Teil der Strahlung 4 sich zunächst weiter im Lichtwellenleiter 22 ausbreitet, am zweiten Photopolymerstück 3d2 ausgekoppelt und nach Totalreflexion am Detektionsbereich 25 vom ersten Photopolymerstück 3dl wieder in den Lichtwellenleiter 22 eingekoppelt wird.The optical waveguide 22 is arranged in a disk 26. Along the propagation direction in the optical waveguide 22, two respective photopolymer pieces 3dl and 3d2 designed for coupling and uncoupling are arranged in succession, so that the radiation 4 propagates in the optical waveguide 22 as far as the first photopolymer fragment 3dl, cf. FIG. 6, where a portion of the radiation 4 is decoupled there, totally reflected at a detection area 25 on the outside of the pane 26 and coupled back into the optical waveguide 22 by the grating of the second photopolymer piece 3d2, while the portion of the radiation 4 reflected at the first photopolymer piece 3d1 first propagates further in the optical waveguide 22, coupled to the second photopolymer piece 3d2 and is coupled into the optical waveguide 22 after total reflection at the detection region 25 of the first photopolymer piece 3dl again.
Der Sensor vom Achsen-Typ bietet den Vorteil, dass die Präzision bzw. Effizienz der Brechung am Gitter 3dl relativ unkritisch ist, da sowohl der gebrochene wie der nicht gebrochene Teil des Lichtstrahls 4 in die Detektion einbezogen sind. Es ist also lediglich erforderlich, die Präzision der Brechung bezüglich des Gitters 3d2 zu garantieren bzw. zu optimieren. Durch die Ausbreitung des Lichtstrahls 4 entlang einer Achse
ist es möglich, einen relativ breiten Lichtstrahl 4 zu verwenden, wodurch eine vorteilhafte Vergrößerung des Detekti- onsbereichs 25 resultiert.The axis-type sensor offers the advantage that the precision or efficiency of the refraction at the grid 3d1 is relatively uncritical, since both the fractional and the non-fractional part of the light beam 4 are included in the detection. It is therefore only necessary to guarantee or optimize the precision of the refraction with respect to the grating 3d2. By the propagation of the light beam 4 along an axis It is possible to use a relatively wide light beam 4, which results in an advantageous enlargement of the detection area 25.
Die Erzeugung von Volumenhologrammen in einem Photopolymer ist in Figur 7 dargestellt. Das holographische Gitter wird erfindungsgemäß durch Photopolymerisation in das Photopolymer eingeschrieben. Die Erzeugung beginnt im ersten Schritt 7a) mit der Bereitstellung einer Mischung (Lösung) aus einer Po- lymermatrix 6 und photoempfindlichen Molekülen 5 (die schematische Trennung der beiden Komponenten in vertikale Bereiche in Figur 7 ist nur zum besseren Verständnis erfolgt) . Durch eine mit einem räumlich periodischen Muster 7, also mittels belichteter 8 und unbelichteter Bereiche 9, erfolgenden Be- leuchtung der photoempfindlichen Moleküle 5 erfolgt in den beleuchteten Bereichen 8 deren teilweise Polymerisation, in Figur 7b) dargestellt als bereichsweise Anlagerung 10 der Moleküle 5 in der Polymermatrix 6. Sowohl die nicht angelagerten Moleküle 11 wie das neu gebildete Kopolymer aus angela- gerten photoempfindlichen Molekülen 10 und Polymermatrix 6 generieren jeweils ein räumliches Gitter, das durch die räumlichen, d. h. bereichsweisen Modulationen 12 (verursacht durch die Verteilung 10) und 13 (verursacht durch die Verteilung 11) des Brechungsindex charakterisiert ist. Wie aus Fi- gur 7b) ersichtlich, kompensieren sich die Modulationen 12 und 13 teilweise gegenseitig, so dass zunächst ein relativ schwach ausgebildetes Interferenzmuster 14 resultiert. Die von den nicht angelagerten Molekülen 11 verursachte Modulation 13 kann durch Diffusion (Relaxation) , die beispielsweise durch Erhitzen (Beleuchtung) induziert wird, in RichtungThe generation of volume holograms in a photopolymer is shown in FIG. The holographic grating is inscribed by photopolymerization in the photopolymer according to the invention. The production begins in the first step 7a) with the provision of a mixture (solution) of a polymer matrix 6 and photosensitive molecules 5 (the schematic separation of the two components into vertical regions in FIG. 7 has been made for better understanding). By means of a lighting of the photosensitive molecules 5 taking place with a spatially periodic pattern 7, that is to say by means of exposed 8 and unexposed areas 9, their partial polymerization takes place in the illuminated regions 8, as shown in FIG. 7b) as partial attachment 10 of the molecules 5 in FIG Polymer matrix 6. Both the non-attached molecules 11 and the newly formed copolymer of attached photosensitive molecules 10 and polymer matrix 6 each generate a spatial lattice which is defined by the spatial, d. H. area-wise modulations 12 (caused by the distribution 10) and 13 (caused by the distribution 11) of the refractive index is characterized. As can be seen from FIG. 7b), the modulations 12 and 13 partially compensate each other so that initially a relatively weakly formed interference pattern 14 results. The modulation 13 caused by the non-deposited molecules 11 can be due to diffusion (relaxation), which is induced for example by heating (illumination), in the direction
Nulllinie verschoben werden. Durch Diffusion erfolgt eine Homogenisierung der nicht angelagerten Moleküle 11 bezüglich ihrer Verteilung in den belichteten 8 und unbelichteten Bereichen 9, vgl. Figur 7c), die mit einer Verringerung oder Aufhebung der zugehörigen zweiten Modulation 13 des Brechungsindex einhergeht, so dass das Interferenzmuster 14, also das erwünschte Gitter, stärker hervortritt.
Um das Interferenzmuster 14 zu fixieren, vgl. Figur 7d) , kann das entwickelte Photopolymer mit einer Halogenlampe 15 räumlich homogen beleuchtet werden, wobei es zu einer Härtung des Photopolymers, also zur (räumlich homogenen) Anlagerung der bisher nicht angelagerten photoempfindlichen Moleküle 5 bzw. 11 an die Photopolymermatrix 6 kommt. Dabei bleibt das in 7b) und 7c) entwickelte Interferenzmuster 14 natürlich erhalten und bildet das gewünschte Volumenhologramm.Zero line to be moved. By diffusion takes place a homogenization of the non-attached molecules 11 with respect to their distribution in the exposed 8 and unexposed areas 9, see. FIG. 7c), which is accompanied by a reduction or cancellation of the associated second modulation 13 of the refractive index, so that the interference pattern 14, ie the desired grating, emerges more strongly. In order to fix the interference pattern 14, cf. FIG. 7d), the developed photopolymer can be spatially homogeneously illuminated with a halogen lamp 15, curing of the photopolymer, ie, (spatially homogeneous) attachment of the previously non-attached photosensitive molecules 5 and 11 to the photopolymer matrix 6. In this case, the interference pattern 14 developed in FIGS. 7b) and 7c naturally remains intact and forms the desired volume hologram.
Figur 8a) bis g) zeigt einen möglichen Verfahrensablauf bei der Herstellung eines Regensensors mit Koppelelementen aus Photopolymer. Im Schritt 8a) erfolgt zunächst ein Aufbringen einer Photopolymerschicht 17 auf eine plane feste Oberfläche 18 durch Ablassen des Photopolymers aus einem Vorratsbehälter 16 auf die darunter befindliche, sich mit konstanter Relativgeschwindigkeit bewegende Oberfläche 18. Das Ergebnis dieses Schrittes ist in Figur 8b) dargestellt. Danach erfolgt das Trocknen und Ablösen der Photopolymerschicht 17 von der Ober- fläche 18, vgl. Figur 8c) . Die Erzeugung von Volumenhologrammen im Photopolymer mittels interferierender Lichtwellen 20 erfolgt im Schritt 8e) , wobei vorzugsweise vor dieser Erzeugung eine Zerteilung der Photopolymerschicht 17 mittels Scheren 19 in die einzelnen Photopolymerstücke 3 erfolgt, vgl. Figur 8d) .Figure 8a) to g) shows a possible procedure in the production of a rain sensor with coupling elements of photopolymer. In step 8a), first of all, a photopolymer layer 17 is applied to a flat solid surface 18 by discharging the photopolymer from a reservoir 16 to the surface 18 moving therewith at a constant relative speed. The result of this step is shown in FIG. 8b). Thereafter, the drying and detachment of the photopolymer layer 17 takes place from the surface 18, cf. Figure 8c). The production of volume holograms in the photopolymer by means of interfering light waves 20 takes place in step 8e), wherein preferably before this generation, a division of the photopolymer layer 17 by means of scissors 19 takes place in the individual photopolymer pieces 3, cf. Figure 8d).
Im Schritt 8f) werden die Photopolymerstücke 3 am Wellenleiterkern 1 des Lichtwellenleiters 22 angeordnet, z. B. angeklebt, und anschließend mit einem Wellenleitermantelmateri- al 2, das im Wesentlichen transparent ist und das einen geringeren Refraktionsindex als der Wellenleiterkern 1 aufweist, beschichtet. Im Schritt 8g) erfolgt schließlich das Einbringen des mit den Photopolymerstücken 3 versehenen Lichtwellenleiters 22 in eine Scheibe mit den Glasschichten 23 und der Zwischenschicht 21. Die Beschichtung mit einemIn step 8f), the photopolymer pieces 3 are arranged on the waveguide core 1 of the optical waveguide 22, for. B. glued, and then with a Wellenleitermantelmateri- al 2, which is substantially transparent and which has a lower refractive index than the waveguide core 1, coated. Finally, in step 8g), the optical waveguide 22 provided with the photopolymer pieces 3 is introduced into a pane with the glass layers 23 and the intermediate layer 21. The coating with a
Wellenleitermantelmaterial 2 im Schritt 8f) kann vorteilhaft
durch Eintauchen des mit den Photopolymerstücken 3 versehenen Wellenleiterkerns 1 in eine Teflonlösung erfolgen.Waveguide cladding material 2 in step 8f) may be advantageous by immersing the waveguide core 1 provided with the photopolymer pieces 3 in a Teflon solution.
Wenn der mit den Photopolymerstücken 3 versehene Lichtwellen- leiter 22 zusammen mit einer klebenden Zwischenschicht 21 zwischen zwei Glasschichten 23 eingelegt wird, erfolgt ein Verbacken zu einer Verbundglasscheibe, üblicherweise bei Temperaturen oberhalb etwa 100 0C. Dabei kann die beim Verbacken auf die Photopolymerstücke 3 einwirkende Wärme zur gleichzei- tigen Fixierung durch Wärmebehandlung im Rahmen einer gemäß Figur 7, insbesondere Figur 7d) , erfolgenden Erzeugung von Volumenhologrammen ausgenutzt werden. Der Verbackprozess der Scheibe wird bei dieser Ausgestaltung des Herstellungsverfahrens zeitlich so begrenzt (z. B. auf 30 Minuten), dass es noch nicht zu dem bei zu langem Erhitzen der Volumenhologramme erfolgenden Löschen kommt. Während diese Ausgestaltung vor allem bei einer Polymermatrix 6 mit relativ niedrigem Schmelzpunkt wie PMMA vorteilhaft ist, ist es auch möglich, eine Polymermatrix 6 mit hohem Schmelzpunkt wie PMMI zu ver- wenden, das einem Standard-Verbackprozess zu einer Verbundglasscheibe unterzogen werden kann, ohne die Volumenhologramme zu gefährden.
When the optical waveguide 22 provided with the photopolymer pieces 3 is inserted between two glass layers 23 together with an adhesive intermediate layer 21, it cakes into a laminated glass pane, usually at temperatures above about 100 ° C. The photoconductive material 3 acts on the photopolymer pieces 3 during baking Heat for simultaneous fixation by heat treatment in the context of a according to Figure 7, in particular Figure 7d), taking place generating volume holograms be exploited. In this embodiment of the production method, the baking process of the pane is limited in time (for example to 30 minutes) in such a way that it does not yet result in the extinguishment taking place when the volume holograms are heated for too long. While this embodiment is particularly advantageous in the case of a polymer matrix 6 with a relatively low melting point such as PMMA, it is also possible to use a polymer matrix 6 with a high melting point such as PMMI, which can be subjected to a standard bonding process to form a laminated glass pane, without the To endanger volume holograms.
Claims
1. Regensensor, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, mit einem Lichtwellenleiter, der in einer Scheibe anordenbar ist und der einen Wellenleiterkern (1), einen Wellenleitermantel1. Rain sensor, in particular for a motor vehicle, with an optical waveguide which can be arranged in a disk and a waveguide core (1), a waveguide sheath
(2) und planare holographische Koppelelemente zur Ein- und Auskopplung von Strahlung (4) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Koppelelemente durch schichtförmige Stücke (3) aus Photopolymer gebildet sind, in die Volumenhologramme eingearbeitet sind, und dass die Photopolymerstücke (3) zwischen dem Wellenleiterkern (1) und dem Wellenleitermantel (2) angeordnet sind.(2) and planar holographic coupling elements for coupling in and out of radiation (4), characterized in that the coupling elements are formed by layered pieces (3) of photopolymer, are incorporated in the volume holograms, and that the photopolymer pieces (3) between the waveguide core (1) and the waveguide sheath (2) are arranged.
2. Regensensor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mit den Photopolymerstücken (3) versehene Lichtwellenleiter (22) in einer Verbundglasscheibe, zwischen einer Glasschicht (23) und einer klebenden Zwischenschicht (21), angeordnet ist.2. Rain sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the photopolymer pieces (3) provided with the optical waveguide (22) in a laminated glass pane, between a glass layer (23) and an adhesive intermediate layer (21) is arranged.
3. Regensensor, nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Photopolymer eine aus Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA) bestehende Polymermatrix (6) umfasst.3. Rain sensor, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the photopolymer comprises a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) existing polymer matrix (6).
4. Regensensor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lichtwellenleiter (22) in einer Scheibe angeordnet ist, dass sich die Strahlung (4) im Lichtwellenleiter (22) bis zu einem ersten Photopolymerstück (3b) ausbreitet, durch das die Strahlung (4) aus dem Lichtwellenleiter (22) ausgekoppelt und durch eine Glasschicht (23) der Scheibe hindurch zu einem Detektionsbe- reich (25) an der Außenseite der Scheibe umgelenkt wird, von wo die Strahlung (4) totalreflektiert wird und von ei- nem zweiten Photopolymerstück (3c) wieder in den Lichtwellenleiter (22) eingekoppelt wird und sich dort weiter ausbreitet, wobei die beiden Photopolymerstücke (3b, 3c) in einer senkrecht zur Ausbreitungsrichtung im Lichtwellen- leiter (22) und parallel zur Scheibe verlaufenden Linie mit Abstand zueinander angeordnet sind.4. Rain sensor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the optical waveguide (22) is arranged in a disc that the radiation (4) in the optical waveguide (22) to a first photopolymer piece (3b) propagates through the the radiation (4) is coupled out of the optical waveguide (22) and deflected through a glass layer (23) of the pane to a detection region (25) on the outside of the pane, whence the radiation (4) is totally reflected and emitted by ei - a second photopolymer piece (3c) is again coupled into the optical waveguide (22) and propagates further there, wherein the two photopolymer pieces (3b, 3c) in a direction perpendicular to the propagation direction in the optical waveguide (22) and extending parallel to the disk line with distance are arranged to each other.
5. Regensensor nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Detektionsbereich (25) an der Außenseite der Scheibe etwa gleichen Abstand zu beiden Photopolymerstücken (3b, 3c) aufweist.5. Rain sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that the detection area (25) on the outside of the disc has approximately the same distance to both photopolymer pieces (3b, 3c).
6. Regensensor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lichtwellenleiter (22) in einer Scheibe angeordnet ist, dass entlang der Ausbreitungsrichtung im Lichtwellenleiter (22) hintereinander zwei jeweils für Ein- und Auskoppeln ausgelegte Photopolymerstücke (3dl, 3d2) angeordnet sind, dass sich die Strahlung (4) im Lichtwellenleiter (22) bis zu dem ersten Photopolymerstück (3dl) ausbreitet, wobei dort ein Teil der Strahlung (4) ausgekoppelt, an einem Detektionsbereich (25) an der Außenseite der Scheibe totalreflektiert und vom zweiten Photopolymerstück (3d2) wieder in den Lichtwellenleiter (22) eingekoppelt wird, während der am ersten Photopolymerstück (3dl) reflektierte Teil der Strahlung (4) sich zunächst weiter im Lichtwellenleiter (22) ausbreitet, am zweiten Photopolymerstück (3d2) ausgekoppelt und nach Totalreflexion am Detektionsbereich (25) vom ersten Photopolymerstück (3dl) wieder in den Lichtwellenleiter (22) eingekop- pelt wird.6. Rain sensor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the optical waveguide (22) is arranged in a disc that along the propagation direction in the optical waveguide (22) behind the other two each for coupling and decoupling designed photopolymer pieces (3dl, 3d2) are arranged so that the radiation (4) in the optical waveguide (22) to the first photopolymer piece (3dl) propagates, where there a part of the radiation (4) decoupled, at a detection area (25) on the outside of the disc totally reflected and from second photopolymer piece (3d2) is coupled back into the optical waveguide (22), while the first photopolymer piece (3dl) reflected part of the radiation (4) initially propagates further in the optical waveguide (22), coupled to the second photopolymer piece (3d2) and after total reflection is again coupled into the optical waveguide (22) at the detection area (25) by the first photopolymer section (3dl).
7. Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Volumenhologramms in einem aus Photopolymer bestehenden holographischen Koppelelement für einen Regensensor, insbesondere für einen Regensensor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, mit den Schritten:7. A method of producing a volume hologram in a photopolymer holographic coupling element for a rain sensor, in particular for a rain sensor according to one of claims 1 to 6, with the steps:
- Bereitstellen eines aus einer Polymermatrix (6) und photoempfindlichen Molekülen (5) bestehenden Photopolymers, - Holographische Belichtung des Photopolymers entsprechend einem vorgegebenen räumlich periodischen Muster (7) von belichteten und unbelichteten Bereichen (8, 9), wobei durch Polymerisation eines Teils (10) der photoempfindlichen Moleküle (5) eine den Bereichen (8, 9) entsprechende erste Modulation ((12) des Refraktionsindex gebildet wird, die von einer durch nicht polymerisierte photoempfindliche Moleküle (11) gebildeten zweiten Modulation (13) des Refraktionsindex teilweise kompensiert wird,- Providing a photopolymer consisting of a polymer matrix (6) and photosensitive molecules (5), - Holographic exposure of the photopolymer according to a predetermined spatially periodic pattern (7) of exposed and unexposed areas (8, 9), wherein polymerization of a part (10 ) of the photosensitive molecules (5) forms a first modulation (12) of the refractive index corresponding to the regions (8, 9) which is partially compensated by a second modulation (13) of the refractive index formed by unpolymerized photosensitive molecules (11),
- Entwicklung des belichteten Photopolymers durch Erhit- zen, wobei das Erhitzen so durchgeführt wird, dass es durch eine räumlich homogenisierende Diffusion photoempfindlicher Moleküle (11) aus den unbelichteten (9) in die belichteten Bereiche (8) zur Verringerung oder Aufhebung der zweiten Modulation (13) und damit zur Verstärkung ei- nes durch die Modulationen (12, 13) gebildeten Interferenzmusters (14) kommt,Development of the exposed photopolymer by heating, the heating being carried out in such a way that it is formed by a spatially homogenizing diffusion of photosensitive molecules (11) from the unexposed (9) into the exposed regions (8) to reduce or eliminate the second modulation ( 13) and thus amplification of an interference pattern (14) formed by the modulations (12, 13),
- Fixierung des gebildeten Interferenzmusters (14) durch Belichtung und/oder Wärmebehandlung, um so im Photopolymer ein Volumenhologramm zu erzeugen.- Fixing the formed interference pattern (14) by exposure and / or heat treatment, so as to produce a volume hologram in the photopolymer.
8. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Regensensors nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, mit den Schritten:8. A method of manufacturing a rain sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
- Aufbringen einer Photopolymerschicht (17) auf eine plane feste Oberfläche (18) durch Ablassen des Photopolymers auf die darunter befindliche, sich mit konstanter Relativgeschwindigkeit bewegende Oberfläche (18),Applying a photopolymer layer (17) to a planar solid surface (18) by discharging the photopolymer to the underlying constant relative velocity moving surface (18),
- Trocknen und Ablösen der Photopolymerschicht (17) von der Oberfläche (18) , - Erzeugung von Volumenhologrammen im Photopolymer, wobei vor oder nach dieser Erzeugung eine Zerteilung (19) der Photopolymerschicht (17) in die einzelnen Photopolymerstücke (3) erfolgt, - Anordnen der Photopolymerstücke (3) am Wellenleiterkern (1) des Lichtwellenleiters (22) und anschließendes Beschichten mit einem Wellenleitermantelmaterial (2), das im Wesentlichen transparent ist und das einen geringeren Refraktionsindex als der Wellenleiterkern (1) aufweist, - Einbringen des mit den Photopolymerstücken (3) versehenen Lichtwellenleiters (22) in eine Scheibe.Drying and detaching the photopolymer layer (17) from the surface (18), - Generation of volume holograms in the photopolymer, before or after this generation, a division (19) of the photopolymer layer (17) in the individual photopolymer pieces (3), - arranging the photopolymer pieces (3) on the waveguide core (1) of the optical waveguide (22) and then coating with a waveguide cladding material (2) which is substantially transparent and which has a lower refractive index than the waveguide core (1), - introducing the optical waveguide (22) provided with the photopolymer pieces (3) into a wafer.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Beschichtung mit einem Wellenleitermantelmaterial (2) durch Eintauchen des mit den Photopolymerstücken (3) versehenen Wellenleiterkerns (1) in eine Teflonlösung erfolgt.9. The method of claim 8, wherein the coating with a waveguide cladding material (2) by immersing the photopolymer pieces (3) provided with the waveguide core (1) is carried out in a Teflon solution.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, bei dem der mit den Photopolymerstücken (3) versehene Lichtwellenleiter (22) zusammen mit einer klebenden Zwischenschicht (21) zwischen zwei Glasschichten (23) eingelegt wird, woraufhin ein Verbacken zu einer Verbundglasscheibe bei Temperaturen oberhalb etwa 100 0C erfolgt, wobei die beim Verbacken auf die Photopolymerstücke (3) einwirkende Wärme zur gleichzeiti- gen Fixierung durch Wärmebehandlung im Rahmen einer gemäß Anspruch 7 erfolgenden Erzeugung von Volumenhologrammen ausgenutzt wird. 10. The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein the provided with the photopolymer pieces (3) optical waveguide (22) is inserted together with an adhesive intermediate layer (21) between two glass layers (23), followed by baking to a laminated glass at temperatures above about 100 0 C takes place, wherein the heat acting on the photopolymer pieces (3) during baking for simultaneous fixation by heat treatment in the context of a forth in accordance with claim 7 generating volume holograms is exploited.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102005062785A DE102005062785A1 (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2005-12-28 | Rain sensor for motor vehicle, has optical waveguide with coupling units, which are formed by layer-shaped pieces made of photopolymer, in which volume holograms are incorporated, where pieces are arranged between waveguide core and casing |
PCT/EP2006/068223 WO2007079995A2 (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2006-11-08 | Rain sensor, especially for a motor vehicle, and method for producing said rain sensor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1969348A2 true EP1969348A2 (en) | 2008-09-17 |
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EP06847020A Withdrawn EP1969348A2 (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2006-11-08 | Rain sensor, especially for a motor vehicle, and method for producing said rain sensor |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US20080212151A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1969348A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2009522540A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101351698A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102005062785A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007079995A2 (en) |
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JP2009157353A (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2009-07-16 | Nitto Denko Corp | Waveguide sensor for sensing |
DE102009027147A1 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2010-12-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Motor vehicle-laminated glass disk has outer disk, inner disk, sensory active area of rain sensor and foil layer arranged between inner disk and outer disk |
FR3057500B1 (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-11-16 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | WINDSHIELD AND DEVICE FOR DRIVING AID |
DE102017213294A1 (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2019-02-07 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Circuit system with a functional unit on and / or in a transparent pane and with a drive unit for the functional unit and functional unit, driver unit and operating method for the circuit system |
DE102018200626A1 (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2019-07-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Detection device for the detection of dirt |
DE102018209015A1 (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2019-12-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device and method for detecting contamination of at least one transmission window and / or a receiving window of a sensor |
DE102018209020A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 | 2019-12-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device, designed to detect contamination of at least one transmission window and / or a receiving window of a sensor |
DE102019117672A1 (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2021-01-07 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Waveguide assembly and method of making a waveguide assembly |
DE102020209031A1 (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2022-01-20 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Optical device for deflecting a light beam for an image acquisition device, method and control device for operating an optical device |
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US4948264A (en) * | 1986-07-07 | 1990-08-14 | Hook Jr Richard B | Apparatus for indirectly determining the temperature of a fluid |
US4991976A (en) * | 1989-05-31 | 1991-02-12 | Weed Instruments Company, Inc. | Temperature sensor probe apparatus and method for improving time response |
KR970703527A (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 1997-07-03 | 발데그 베르너 | Process for detecting evanescently excited luminescence |
DE19701258A1 (en) * | 1996-01-18 | 1997-07-24 | Itt Mfg Enterprises Inc | Rain sensing system for transparent material surfaces e.g. windscreens |
JP2000231323A (en) * | 1999-02-12 | 2000-08-22 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Manufacture of hologram original plate |
US6390670B1 (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2002-05-21 | Pgi International Ltd. | Temperature sensing device for metering fluids |
US6539312B1 (en) * | 2000-09-18 | 2003-03-25 | Pgi International, Inc. | Sampling system for obtaining pipeline gas samples |
GB0109809D0 (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2001-06-13 | Durand Technology Ltd | Improvements in or relating to optical recording materials |
DE10129038A1 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2002-12-19 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Rain sensor for cars, has electrostatic protective screen |
DE10132889A1 (en) * | 2001-07-06 | 2003-01-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Optical sensor for detecting the wetting of a surface |
US6802205B2 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2004-10-12 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Moisture detection system and method of use thereof |
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US6764536B2 (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-07-20 | Welker Engineering Company | Sampling device with liquid eliminator |
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2005
- 2005-12-28 DE DE102005062785A patent/DE102005062785A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-11-08 EP EP06847020A patent/EP1969348A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-11-08 JP JP2008547910A patent/JP2009522540A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-11-08 US US11/912,167 patent/US20080212151A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-11-08 WO PCT/EP2006/068223 patent/WO2007079995A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-11-08 CN CNA2006800495987A patent/CN101351698A/en active Pending
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JP2009522540A (en) | 2009-06-11 |
WO2007079995A2 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
DE102005062785A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
US20080212151A1 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
CN101351698A (en) | 2009-01-21 |
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