EP1967567A2 - Procédés et compositions de réduction de dépôts dans des moteurs à combustion de carburants contenant de l'alcool - Google Patents

Procédés et compositions de réduction de dépôts dans des moteurs à combustion de carburants contenant de l'alcool Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1967567A2
EP1967567A2 EP08151049A EP08151049A EP1967567A2 EP 1967567 A2 EP1967567 A2 EP 1967567A2 EP 08151049 A EP08151049 A EP 08151049A EP 08151049 A EP08151049 A EP 08151049A EP 1967567 A2 EP1967567 A2 EP 1967567A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
corrosion inhibitor
fuel
dispersant
composition
ethanol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08151049A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1967567A3 (fr
Inventor
Richard J. Dumont
Alexander M. Kulinowski
Lawrence J. Cunningham
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Afton Chemical Corp
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Afton Chemical Corp
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Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/681,020 external-priority patent/US20080202561A1/en
Application filed by Afton Chemical Corp filed Critical Afton Chemical Corp
Publication of EP1967567A2 publication Critical patent/EP1967567A2/fr
Publication of EP1967567A3 publication Critical patent/EP1967567A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/226—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond, e.g. azo compounds, azides, hydrazines
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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    • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
    • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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    • C10L1/232—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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    • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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    • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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    • C10L1/2431—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium sulfur bond to oxygen, e.g. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10L1/2437—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfonamides, sulfosuccinic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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    • C10L1/2456—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium heterocyclic compounds sulfur with oxygen and/or nitrogen in the ring, e.g. thiazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
    • C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
    • C10L1/306—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond) organo Pb compounds

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the use of a dispersant fuel additive in fuels containing an alcohol and a corrosion inhibitor.
  • the dispersant fuel additives improve the properties of the resulting fuel and also enhance the benefits to the consumer and to the environment of utilizing varying amounts of ethanol as a fuel in combustion engines.
  • the present disclosure relates to the use of a dodecenyl succinic acid (DDSA) corrosion inhibitor in fuels containing an alcohol.
  • DDSA dodecenyl succinic acid
  • the present disclosure provides compositions and methods for reducing the formation of deposits in engines combusting a fuel containing an alcohol, such as ethanol, and a corrosion inhibitor.
  • ethanol alone or in gasoline blends can create new problems for fuel equipment designed to handle the more non-polar hydrocarbonaceous petroleum fractions commonly known as gasolines.
  • the polarity, corrosivity, adhesiveness, friction properties, and perhaps conductivity of ethanol or ethanol-containing fuel can create new problems and new needs in the fuel industry.
  • E85 fuel 15 % gasoline and 85 % ethanol, often commonly referred to as “E85” fuel (hereinafter “E85”).
  • Other ethanol fuels can comprise, for example 10% ethanol (E10) and 100% ethanol (E100).
  • ethanol is widely treated with additives designed to prevent human consumption.
  • Such treated ethanol is called denatured alcohol (or denatured ethanol) and common denaturants include gasoline, gasoline components, and kerosene.
  • Other denaturants for rendering fuel alcohol unfit for beverage use are defined in 27 CFR 21.24.
  • DCI-11 is a commercially available corrosion inhibitor and buffer sold by Innospec (formerly Associated Octel) and used in fuels.
  • Innospec formerly Associated Octel
  • engine deposit problems arise from the combustion of ethanol-containing fuels containing this and other corrosion inhibitors. These deposits differ significantly from conventional deposits that result from fuel and lubricant degradation and/or combustion.
  • An embodiment presented herein provides fuel additive agents for use in reducing or inhibiting corrosion inhibitor-derived deposits in engines (or engine components) combusting ethanol-containing fuels, including but not limited to E100, E85, E50, and the like down to E10 and trace blends of ethanol in gasoline.
  • a dispersant fuel additive agent for use in reducing or inhibiting deposits in engines (or engine components) combusting a corrosion inhibitor and ethanol-containing fuels, including but not limited to E100, E85, E50, and the like down to E10 and trace blends of ethanol in gasoline.
  • Suitable dispersant fuel additives include succinimide dispersants, succinamide dispersants, amides, Mannich base dispersants, polyalkylene amine dispersants, and polyisobutylene amine dispersants.
  • the dispersants or mixtures thereof are very effective in reducing or preventing the formation of engine deposits formed in an engine combusting an ethanol-containing fuel that further contains combinations of at least one organic acid and at least one amine or their salts useful as corrosion inhibitors.
  • the ethanol content of the fuel composition is from about 74 to about 85%. In another embodiment, the fuel is 100% ethanol and in yet another embodiment the ethanol content of the fuel composition is about 50%, or is from about 50% to about 74%.
  • Another embodiment provides a method to improve corrosion inhibition and/or to reduce the formation of engine deposits in an internal combustion engine, said method comprising combusting in said engine a fuel composition comprising gasoline, ethanol and at least one dispersant fuel additive.
  • the dispersant fuel additives used herein are effective in preventing or minimizing corrosion of and/or deposits on metal surfaces and certain plastic or synthetic parts or surfaces in combustion engines that come in contact with fuel containing ethanol and a corrosion inhibitor.
  • Parts such as fuel pumps, valves, gaskets, float devices, relay or signaling devices, gauges, screens, filters, intake valves, pistons, and others can all experience some degree of corrosion and/or deposits.
  • the corrosion and/or deposits can vary depending on the type and duration of exposure, the chemical nature of the exposed surface, and the concentration of ethanol and corrosion inhibitor in the fuel.
  • a fuel additive package or concentrate for ethanol-containing fuel can be designed to reduce corrosion and deposit formation in these engines.
  • the fuel additive concentrate herein can contain one or more corrosion inhibitors, a dispersant, and a diluent which can be an oil, a fuel, gasoline, ethanol, solvent, carrier fluid, or other material combustible in a gasoline engine.
  • a fuel additive package or concentrate for ethanol-containing fuel comprising one or more corrosion inhibitors set forth herein and a diluent which can be an oil, a fuel, gasoline, ethanol, solvent, carrier fluid, or other liquid material combustible in a gasoline engine.
  • a fuel additive concentrate comprising ethanol and a dispersant, for use in a gasoline containing a corrosion inhibitor as defined herein, including but not limited to those materials having a product resulting from combining an organic acid on diacid and an amine, diamine, or polyamine.
  • compositions to reduce corrosion and/or corrosion inhibitor-induced deposits in an internal combustion engine combusting an ethanol-containing fuel comprising gasoline, ethanol, and one or more materials selected from the group consisting of succinimide dispersants, succinamide dispersants, amides, Mannich base dispersants, polyalkylene amine dispersants, and polyisobutylene amine dispersants.
  • a method for reducing deposit formation in an internal combustion engine combusting an alcohol-containing fuel composition may comprise combining the fuel with a dodecenyl succinic acid (DDSA) corrosion inhibitor and combusting the fuel and the DDSA corrosion inhibitor in the engine.
  • the deposit formation may be reduced relative to the deposit formation occurring when combusting the alcohol-containing fuel composition with a corrosion inhibitor substantially free of a DDSA corrosion inhibitor.
  • DDSA dodecenyl succinic acid
  • a composition to reduce deposit formation in an internal combustion engine combusting an alcohol-containing fuel may comprise a DDSA corrosion inhibitor and an alcohol.
  • a fuel may comprise one or more alcohols, a gasoline, and a DDSA corrosion inhibitor.
  • corrosion herein is meant any degradation, rusting, weakening, deterioration, softening, and the like of an engine surface or a part or component of an engine or an engine component or part due to exposure to an ethanol-containing fuel.
  • PEA polyetheramine
  • polyetheramine organic compounds having one or more aminic nitrogen atoms, and one or more oxygen-containing ether bonds.
  • poly- is not a limitation here requiring two or more but rather is the common term of art and can, in one embodiment, encompass an organic compound having one aminic nitrogen, and one oxygen-containing ether bond if the molecular weight and solubility prevent deposit formation.
  • the ether portions can be derived from, for example, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and mixtures thereof.
  • the PEA can be a diamine, and/or can have a molecular weight of greater than 700.
  • the molecular weight of the polyetheramine can be 700 to 3000 and particularly 900 to 1500.
  • PEA's useful in the present disclosure can also include carbamates, amino carbamates, mono- and di- thiocarbamates, amino alkyls, and amido alkanolamines, all of which are known to those skilled in the art.
  • a key to the performance in the present disclosure is the need for solubility of the detergent in the ethanol-containing fuel requires more polarity than present with conventional (non-polar) polyisobutylene detergents.
  • corrosion inhibition or "reducing corrosion” herein is meant any improvement in minimizing, reducing, eliminating or preventing corrosion.
  • deposits build up of solid material within an engine, where the deposits can originate from the fuel before combustion, uncombusted fuel, and combustion by-products, or from corrosion inhibitors added to ethanol or to ethanol-gasoline blends.
  • the deposits can also include material on the intake valves (known as Intake Valve Deposits or IVD) or combustion chamber deposits (known as CCD), or fuel injector deposits.
  • IVD Intake Valve Deposits
  • CCD combustion chamber deposits
  • fuel injector deposits fuel injector deposits.
  • the “deposits” herein can appear in or on metal surfaces and certain plastic or synthetic parts or surfaces in combustion engines that come in contact with fuel containing ethanol and a corrosion inhibitor.
  • ethanol herein is meant ethyl alcohol, the chemical compound C 2 H 5 OH. This can arise in or be provided in many qualities or grades, such as commercial or fuel grade, as well as pure or reagent grade ethanol, and can be derived from any source such as but not limited to petroleum refinery streams, distillation cuts, and bio-derived (e.g. bioethanol from corn or other crops).
  • ethanol may be present in an amount of from about 10 to about 100 wt% based on the total fuel composition.
  • the ethanol may be present in an amount of from about 15 to about 85 wt% based on the total fuel composition.
  • the ethanol may be present in an amount of from about 74 to about 85 wt% based on the total fuel composition.
  • New Energy ethanol herein is meant ethanol produced by or for a company known as New Energy and which ethanol is known to have about 0.9 PTB or less of Innospec DCI-11 corrosion inhibitor.
  • ADM ethanol herein is meant ethanol produced by or for Archer Daniels Midland Corporation and which is known to have about 32 PTB of Innospec DCI-11 corrosion inhibitor.
  • corrosion inhibitor herein is meant at least the following: low molecular weight (i.e., ⁇ 700) amines (mono-, di-, tri, and poly), amines, etheramines, imines, imidazolines, thiadiazoles, monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, p-phenylenediamine and dicyclohexylamine, alkyl substituted succinic anhydrides and acids and mixtures thereof and salts thereof.
  • Corrosion inhibitors useful herein can also include or comprise tetrapropenylsuccinic acid or anhydride and polymers thereof.
  • ⁇ -(CH 2 ) m O-C 8-10 can include the commercial products, for example, those known as Petrolite Tolad 3222 and Petrolite Tolad 3224 which are believed to be generally of a structure NH 2 (CH 2 ) n -NH-(CH 2 ) m O-C 8-10 where n and m are independently 1 to about 10.
  • corrosion inhibitor is also included herein as "corrosion inhibitor” is the Innospec (formerly Associated Octel) product DCI-11 TM , which is believed to contain the reaction product of an organic acid and an amine or a diamine, such as Duomine TM having the structure NH 2 (CH 2 ) n -NH-C 8-10 where n is 1 to about 10.
  • the DCI-11 product is believed to be the low molecular weight ( ⁇ 500) amine salt of a carboxylic acid.
  • Another suitable corrosion inhibitor is dodecenyl succinic acid (DDSA).
  • dispersant By “dispersant,” “dispersant additive,” or “dispersant fuel additive” herein is meant a dispersant, a dispersant-detergent, or a dispersant composition that contains two or more dispersants of the same or different type. Suitable dispersants include, but are not limited to succinimide dispersants, succinamide dispersants, amides, Mannich base dispersants, polyalkylene amine dispersants, and polyisobutylene amine dispersants.
  • a fuel additive suitable for use in compositions disclosed herein may also comprise one or more of a phenolic; a hindered phenolic; a polyolefin amine; an aryl amine; a diphenyl amine; a monocarboxylic acid; a dicarboxylic acid; a polycarboxylic acid; an oxylated alkylphenolic resin; a formaldehyde polymer with 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol, a methyloxirane, and oxirane; an octane enhancer material selected from the group consisting of tetraethyl lead, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, an azide, a peroxide, and an alkyl nitrate; a monoester; a diester; an ether; a ketone; a diether; a polyether; a glyme; a glycol; an oxirane; a
  • Petrolite Tolad 357 is a corrosion inhibitor useful herein and believed to be a composition having a molecular weight of about 700 or less comprising (1) an alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride (ASAA), and (2) the reaction product of ASAA and a trialkanol amine such as triethanolamine (TEA) where ASAA (3 moles) is reacted with TEA (1 mole) to yield an amide and/or an amine salt.
  • ASAA alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride
  • TEA triethanolamine
  • the corrosion inhibitor is the product of combining an organic acid or diacid and an amine, diamine, or polyamine in a ratio of about 5:1
  • a fuel composition that can be, or can comprise, 1.0 to 100 volume percent of one or more alcohols, and 0 to 99% gasoline, and a corrosion inhibitor, said inhibitor comprising, by weight, (a) about 35% to 70% of at least one mono- or di-alkenyl succinic acid in which the alkenyl group has 8 to 18 carbons; and (b) about 30% to 65% of an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amine, diamine or polyamine containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • the corrosion inhibitor can be dissolved in a hydrocarbon solvent consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon, an alcohol containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or mixture thereof, the ratio of the hydrocarbon solvent to the total of (a) and (b) being about 15:85 to 50:50, wherein the corrosion inhibitor is present in the fuel composition at less than about 1000 ppm.
  • a hydrocarbon solvent consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon, an alcohol containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or mixture thereof, the ratio of the hydrocarbon solvent to the total of (a) and (b) being about 15:85 to 50:50, wherein the corrosion inhibitor is present in the fuel composition at less than about 1000 ppm.
  • the corrosion inhibitor can be or comprise a composition having by weight (a) about 75% to 95% of at least one polymerized unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, said unsaturated acid having 16 to 18 carbons per molecule, and (b) about 5% to 25% of at least one monoalkenylsuccinic acid in which the alkenyl group has 8 to 18 carbons.
  • the corrosion inhibitor may comprise a dodecenyl succinic acid (DDSA).
  • DDSA dodecenyl succinic acid
  • the corrosion inhibitor can be blended into or with the ethanol, or the gasoline, or the ethanol/gasoline blend.
  • Corrosion inhibitors herein can include, but are not limited to, the following commercial products and their derivatives and chemically equivalent products:
  • PTB pounds per thousand barrels
  • a PTB is roughly equivalent to about 4 ppm.
  • a method to reduce deposits formed in an internal combustion engine comprising combusting in said engine a fuel composition comprising gasoline, alcohol, a corrosion inhibitor and at least one dispersant fuel additive, whereby deposits in the engine are prevented or reduced relative to the deposits produced in the engine when combusting an alcohol-containing fuel composition containing a corrosion inhibitor but without at least one dispersant fuel additive.
  • the alcohol is ethanol and in another it is methanol, propanol, butanol, and/or mixtures comprising any combination thereof.
  • dispersant helps to raise the pH slightly by buffering the acetic and/or sulfuric acid components, thereby reducing or preventing the formation of deposit-contributing reaction products.
  • the use of dispersant herein is also useful in buffering the acid corrosion inhibitor.
  • the present disclosure provides a corrosion inhibitor buffer in the form of a dispersant used in ethanol-containing fuels.
  • a fuel comprising (a) an alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol, and mixtures thereof, (b) gasoline, (c) the product of combining an organic carboxylic acid or diacid and an amine, diamine, or polyamine and (d) a dispersant comprising one or more of a succinimide dispersant, a succinamide dispersant, an amide, a Mannich base dispersant, a polyalkylene amine dispersant, and a polyisobutylene amine dispersant.
  • DDSA dodecenyl succinic acid
  • FFV refers to vehicles capable of operating on blends of up to 85% ethanol and 15% hydrocarbon such as unleaded gasoline.
  • the test consisted of multistage 100 minute cycles made up of a mix of accelerations and steady driving at 25 MPH, 40 MPH and 65 MPH.
  • the engine's six intake valves are weighed before the start of mileage accumulation and at the end of the 5000 test miles.
  • the average of the difference in intake valve deposits (IVD) is reported as the average intake valve deposit weight.
  • Ethanol Source A refers to ADM Denatured Ethanol containing 4 ppm sulfates and 32 PTB Innospec DCI-11 corrosion inhibitor. The 32 PTB Innospec DCI-11 is indicated in the table. No additional DCI-11 is added to Ethanol Source A in any of the examples.
  • Ethanol Source B refers to New Energy Denatured Ethanol containing less than 1 ppm sulfates and 0.9 PTB corrosion inhibitor.
  • Example 1 An additive-free conventional regular unleaded (RUL) gasoline was run for 5,000 miles in a 2006 3.5L Flexible Fuel (FFV) Chevrolet Impala running a modified Quad 4 cycle.
  • the 429 mg/valve deposit level is typical of what would be expected from this type of fuel and test cycle.
  • Example 2 - A fuel was prepared by blending 84% Ethanol Source A with 16% conventional regular unleaded gasoline.
  • the Ethanol Source A contained 32 PTB of Innospec DCI-11 corrosion inhibitor as supplied. This is indicated in Table I. No additional DCI-11 was added to the mixture.
  • Example 2 When tested in the Chevrolet Impala FFV test, Example 2 generated a surprisingly high level of intake system deposits. Pure ethanol burns cleanly and generates very few deposits, so one would have expected Example 2 to generate less than 100 mg/valve or only 15-20% of the deposits observed with 100% gasoline since only 15%-20% of the E-85 fuel was made up of the unleaded gasoline. Instead, the Example 2 gave a surprisingly high level average IVD of 227 mg/valve, which is more than double what would have been predicted.
  • Example 3 A fuel was prepared from 84% Ethanol Sample B which contained less than 1 PTB of corrosion inhibitor. When this fuel was tested in the Chevrolet Impala FFV test, it generated average intake valve deposits of 99 mg/valve. This is more of what one would expect from running the test on a blend of 84% clean burning ethanol and 16% regular unleaded gasoline.
  • Example 4 This fuel was prepared by blending 84% Ethanol Sample B, which contains very little corrosion inhibitor, with 16% regular unleaded gasoline and 32 PTB of Innospec DCI-11 corrosion inhibitor. When this fuel was tested in the Chevrolet Impala FFV test, it generated essentially the same deposit level, 230mg/valve, as the fuel tested in Example 2. These results suggest that the Innospec corrosion inhibitor DCI- 11 is surprisingly contributing to the mass of the intake valve deposit.
  • Example 5 This fuel was prepared by blending 84% Ethanol Sample B, which contains very little sulfates, with 16% regular unleaded gasoline and 4 ppm sodium sulfates. The resulting average IVD was 96 mg/valve which indicates that the sulfate content of Ethanol Sample A does not significantly contribute to the high average IVD in Example 2.
  • Example 6 This fuel included the same composition as Example 2 plus 500 PTB of Afton Chemical's HiTEC ® 6400 polyetheramine (PEA). When this fuel was tested in the Chevrolet Impala FFV test, it generated an average IVD of only 4 mg/valve of intake valve deposit, even though it contained 32 PTB of Innospec DCI-11 corrosion inhibitor as supplied.
  • PEA polyetheramine
  • Example 7 This fuel included the same composition as Example 2 plus 85 PTB of HiTEC ® 6400 PEA. When this fuel was tested in the Chevrolet Impala FFV test, it generated an average IVD of 11 mg/valve, even though it contained 32 PTB of Innospec DCI-11 corrosion inhibitor.
  • Example 8 This fuel included the same composition as Example 2 plus 85 PTB of Afton Chemical's HiTEC ® 6560 Additive Package that includes a Mannich Dispersant. When this fuel was tested in the Chevrolet Impala FFV test, it generated an average IVD of 14 mg/valve, even though it contained 32 PTB of Innospec DCI-11 corrosion inhibitor.
  • Example 9 This fuel included the same composition as Example 2 plus 85 PTB of Afton Chemical's HiTEC ® 6560 Additive Package that includes a Mannich Dispersant. When this fuel was tested in the Chevrolet Impala FFV test, it generated an average IVD of 14 mg/valve, even though it contained 32 PTB of Innospec DCI-11 corrosion inhibitor.
  • Example 10 This fuel included the same composition as Example 3 plus 32 PTB of Afton Chemical's corrosion inhibitor HiTEC ® 6455 dodecenyl succinic acid (DDSA). When this fuel was tested in the Chevrolet Impala FFV test, it generated an average IVD of 81 mg/valve. This result is much lower than the average IVD value of 230 mg/valve produced by the Innospec DCI-11 corrosion inhibitor in Example 4.
  • HiTEC ® 6455 dodecenyl succinic acid DDSA
  • Table II below provides illustrations of some desired additive combinations for various ethanol-containing fuels whereby corrosion might be controlled or reduced in an engine combusting the ethanol-containing fuel.
  • Table II Fuel A B C D E F G H I J E85 40-200 120 E85 40-200 80 E85 40-200 100 E85 40-200 120 E85 40-200 140 E85 40-200 160 E85 40-200 100 E85 40-200 120 E85 40-200 100 Where amounts are in ppm of the finished fuel:
  • A HiTEC ® 6400 PEA, HiTEC ® 6560 Additive Package including a Mannich Dispersant, or other suitable dispersants such as a succinimide, a succinamide, a polyalkylene amine, polyisobutylene amine, and an amide
  • B DCI-11 corrosion inhibitor
  • C Petrolite Tolad 3222 corrosion inhibitor
  • D Petrolite Tolad 3224 corrosion inhibitor
  • E Petrolite Tolad 357 corrosion inhibitor
  • F MidContinental MCC5011E corrosion inhibitor
  • Table II illustrates examples of how the corrosion inhibitors can be combined with one or more dispersant fuel additives, whereby the result will be reduction in or prevention of intake deposits in an engine combusting the E85 fuel.
  • a fuel comprising ethanol, gasoline, one or more dispersant fuel additives, and a corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of Octel DCI-11 corrosion inhibitor, Petrolite Tolad 3222 corrosion inhibitor, Petrolite Tolad 3224 corrosion inhibitor, Nalco 5403 corrosion inhibitor, ENDCOR FE-9730 corrosion inhibitor, MidContinental MCC5011E corrosion inhibitor, MidContinental MCC5011EW corrosion inhibitor, CorrPro 654 corrosion inhibitor, NALCO 5403 corrosion inhibitor, ENDCOR FE 9730 corrosion inhibitor, and Betz ® ACN 13 corrosion inhibitor, or chemical equivalents thereof.
  • the fuel is an E85 gasoline-ethanol blend.
  • the ratio of corrosion inhibitor to dispersant fuel additive can be from about 1:20 to about 20:1. In another embodiment, the ratio of corrosion inhibitor to dispersant fuel additive can be from about 1:10 to about 10:1. In yet another embodiment the ratio of corrosion inhibitor to dispersant fuel additive can be from about 1:5 to about 5:1.
  • the minimum amount of corrosion inhibitor, such as DCI-11 is about 5 PTB and in another the amount is from about 10 PTB to about 30 PTB in the finished fuel.
  • the fuel can in one embodiment contain from 30-60 PTB of the dispersant fuel additive.
  • each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the disclosure are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
EP08151049A 2007-02-22 2008-02-04 Procédés et compositions de réduction de dépôts dans des moteurs à combustion de carburants contenant de l'alcool Withdrawn EP1967567A3 (fr)

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US11/681,020 US20080202561A1 (en) 2007-02-22 2007-03-01 Methods and Compositions for Reducing Deposits In Engines Combusting Alcohol-Containing Fuels

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WO2011159764A1 (fr) * 2010-06-15 2011-12-22 Champion Technologies, Inc. Inhibition de la fissuration par corrosion sous contrainte d'un métal exposé à des concentrations modérées à élevées d'éthanol
CN103627457A (zh) * 2013-12-13 2014-03-12 济宁驰耐普科技有限公司 柴油推进剂的生产工艺
WO2018164986A1 (fr) * 2017-03-06 2018-09-13 The Lubrizol Corporation Sels d'amines pour moteurs à essence
WO2021101496A1 (fr) * 2019-11-22 2021-05-27 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions d'additif de carburant pour moteurs à essence à injection directe

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US4531948A (en) * 1984-06-13 1985-07-30 Ethyl Corporation Alcohol and gasohol fuels having corrosion inhibiting properties
US20030196372A1 (en) * 2002-04-23 2003-10-23 Wolf Leslie R. Fuel stability additive

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011159764A1 (fr) * 2010-06-15 2011-12-22 Champion Technologies, Inc. Inhibition de la fissuration par corrosion sous contrainte d'un métal exposé à des concentrations modérées à élevées d'éthanol
CN103627457A (zh) * 2013-12-13 2014-03-12 济宁驰耐普科技有限公司 柴油推进剂的生产工艺
WO2018164986A1 (fr) * 2017-03-06 2018-09-13 The Lubrizol Corporation Sels d'amines pour moteurs à essence
US11208603B2 (en) 2017-03-06 2021-12-28 The Lubrizol Corporation Amine salts for use in gasoline engines
EP4108743A1 (fr) * 2017-03-06 2022-12-28 The Lubrizol Corporation Sels d'amine pour une utilisation dans des moteurs à essence
AU2018230607B2 (en) * 2017-03-06 2023-09-21 The Lubrizol Corporation Amine salts for use in gasoline engines
WO2021101496A1 (fr) * 2019-11-22 2021-05-27 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions d'additif de carburant pour moteurs à essence à injection directe
CN114729276A (zh) * 2019-11-22 2022-07-08 路博润公司 用于汽油直接喷射发动机的燃料添加剂组合物

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