EP1960666B1 - Device and method for monitoring the state of hydrostatic displacement units - Google Patents

Device and method for monitoring the state of hydrostatic displacement units Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1960666B1
EP1960666B1 EP06829533A EP06829533A EP1960666B1 EP 1960666 B1 EP1960666 B1 EP 1960666B1 EP 06829533 A EP06829533 A EP 06829533A EP 06829533 A EP06829533 A EP 06829533A EP 1960666 B1 EP1960666 B1 EP 1960666B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
unit
data
state monitoring
monitoring data
monitoring according
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EP06829533A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1960666A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Kunze
Wilfried Eichner
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Bosch Rexroth AG
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Bosch Rexroth AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B51/00—Testing machines, pumps, or pumping installations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/34—Control not provided for in groups F04B1/02, F04B1/03, F04B1/06 or F04B1/26
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2201/00—Pump parameters
    • F04B2201/08—Cylinder or housing parameters
    • F04B2201/0802—Vibration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2201/00—Pump parameters
    • F04B2201/12—Parameters of driving or driven means
    • F04B2201/1205—Position of a non-rotating inclined plate
    • F04B2201/12051—Angular position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2205/00—Fluid parameters
    • F04B2205/05—Pressure after the pump outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/80—Diagnostics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for condition monitoring in hydrostatic displacement units.
  • the prior art discloses a device and a method for diagnosing faults on pumps.
  • a frequency analysis preferably a discrete Fourier transform
  • the pump which was obtained by the frequency analysis, compared with a reference amplitude and from this comparison, a failure of the pump is determined.
  • the characteristic frequency of the pump is preferably the natural frequency of the pump drive.
  • a disadvantage of the DE 103 34 817 A1 Prior art is that only the pressure of a pump is analyzed exclusively in the frequency domain. If the pump threatens to fail due to increased contamination of the hydraulic fluid, this can be done with the in the DE 103 34 817 A1 described device can not be directly diagnosed, but it can be drawn only from an increase in pressure in the hydraulic circuit conclusions, since the device has no sensor that determines, for example, the concentration of dirt particles in the hydraulic fluid.
  • Another disadvantage is that any mechanical instabilities that are caused by a high speed of the pump and transferred to the pump housing, can not be detected directly because no corresponding sensors are mounted on the pump housing.
  • event-driven maintenance of such equipment i. damage-related repair and cycle-oriented maintenance related to fixed-interval maintenance are disadvantageous as they result in longer downtime and hence higher process costs.
  • the present invention has the object to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide an apparatus and method for error detection with extended functionality for condition-based maintenance in hydrodynamically operated machines.
  • Claim 1 relates to a device for condition monitoring in hydrostatic displacement units, in particular when operated as a pump or as a motor axial piston machines.
  • the device according to the invention has a detection unit with a multiplicity of sensors mounted on the hydrostatic displacement unit for acquiring monitoring data and operating data, wherein the detection unit is connected to an evaluation unit which has both a device for analyzing the monitoring data in the frequency domain and a device for analyzing the monitoring data in the time domain.
  • an evaluation unit To the evaluation unit is a diagnostic unit connected to an output unit.
  • Claim 18 relates to a method for condition monitoring by means of the device according to the invention in hydrostatic displacement units, in particular operated as a pump or motor axial piston machines, wherein a plurality of sensors are attached to the hydrostatic displacement unit and the monitoring data and operating data are detected in a detection unit. Subsequently, the monitoring data in the evaluation unit are analyzed both in the frequency domain and in the time domain so that a signal is then output by the output unit connected to the diagnostic unit as a function of the result of the preceding analysis.
  • the evaluation unit of the state monitoring device comprises both a device for analyzing the monitoring data in the frequency domain and a device for analyzing the monitoring data in the time domain.
  • the natural frequencies of the entire system can be determined and stored with simple means.
  • a large number of sensors are mounted on the hydrostatic unit, with which both monitoring data and operating data such as pressure in a high-pressure line and / or pressure in a low pressure line and / or a swivel angle of a swash plate and / or a rotational speed of a cylinder drum are metrologically detected to be subsequently analyzed in the evaluation unit with respect to their context.
  • the monitoring data such as surface vibrations and / or leakage oil and hydraulic fluid temperature and / or hydraulic fluid state
  • the determined operating data characterize the overall state of the machine to be monitored, and thus indicates a necessary maintenance before their due date so that any necessary downtime can be well-agreed with the production process.
  • the monitoring data in the evaluation unit can also be analyzed in the time domain so that a trend behavior of the machine state can be determined based on a quotient of a measured actual value to a specified threshold value or of a change of the actual value to a specified threshold value.
  • At least three acceleration sensors are mounted on the housing of the hydrostatic displacement unit, so that surface vibrations of the housing can be detected in three directions which are perpendicular to each other in pairs.
  • an output unit is connected to the diagnostic unit defining the machine state, in which a pre-alarm or a main alarm with respect to the diagnosed machine state is output.
  • the in the Fig. 1 shown axial piston machine 3 is designed in swash plate design with adjustable displacement volume and a current direction and includes in a known manner as essential components a substantially hollow cylindrical housing 15 with an end open end (lower end in Fig. 1 ), a housing 15 fixed to the open end occlusive housing cover 23, also referred to as a lifting disc swash plate 19, a control plate 24, a shaft 25 and a cylinder drum 16.
  • a suitable sensor which is not shown in this illustration, is a Swivel angle of the swash plate 19 is determined and transmitted to a detection unit 4 of the device 1 according to the invention for condition monitoring in hydrostatic displacement units 2.
  • the shaft 25 is rotatably mounted in the housing 15 and engages centered through the cylinder drum 16 therethrough.
  • the cylinder drum 16 is rotatable with the shaft 25, but axially movable and thereby detachably connected by the shaft.
  • the wave is on both sides of the Cylinder drum 16 mounted in each case a rolling bearing.
  • a speed sensor is mounted, which is not visible in this illustration and determines the instantaneous speed of the shaft 25 and forwards to the detection unit 4.
  • each cylinder bore 17 is a piston 18 each axially. used movably.
  • the pistons 18 each have on the side facing away from the housing cover 23 a spherical head 26 which cooperates with a corresponding recess of a shoe 27 to a hinge connection.
  • the piston 18 is supported on the swash plate 19.
  • the pistons 18 Upon rotation of the cylinder drum 16, the pistons 18 therefore execute a stroke movement in the cylinder bores 17.
  • the height of the stroke is determined by the position of the swash plate 19, wherein the position of the swash plate 19 in the embodiment by an adjusting device 28 is adjustable.
  • the section shown in the Fig. 1 The axial piston 3 not recognizable control openings of the control plate 24 are on their side facing away from the cylinder drum 16 side in permanent contact with at least one high-pressure or low-pressure connection, not shown in this figure.
  • the cylinder bores 17 are open via openings to the end face of the cylinder drum 16.
  • the openings sweep with a rotation of the cylinder drum 4, a sealing environment of the control plate 24 and are connected during a rotation alternately with the unrecognizable control openings.
  • the axial piston machine 3 is provided, for example, for operation with oil as a hydraulic fluid.
  • the cylinder drum 16 is rotated together with the piston 18 in rotation. If the swashplate 19 is pivoted into an inclined position relative to the cylinder drum 16 by actuation of the adjusting device 28, all the pistons 18 perform strokes.
  • each piston 18 passes through a suction and a compression stroke, with corresponding oil flows are generated, their supply and discharge through the openings, the unrecognizable control openings of the control plate 24 and the high pressure or low pressure connection, not shown respectively.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of an inventive device 1 for condition monitoring of a hydrostatic displacer unit 2, whose construction is substantially the in Fig. 1 shown axial piston machine 3 corresponds.
  • the device 1 for condition monitoring in the case of hydrostatic displacement units 2, in particular in the case of axial piston machines 3 operated as pump or motor, comprises a detection unit 4 with a multiplicity of sensors 5 mounted on the hydrostatic displacement unit 2. These sensors 5 capture both monitoring data 6 and operating data 7
  • the device 1 according to the invention has an evaluation unit 8 with a device 9 for analyzing the monitoring data 6 in the frequency domain and a device 10 for analyzing the monitoring data 6 in the time domain.
  • the evaluation unit 8 is adjoined by a diagnostic unit 11 having an output unit 13, wherein the diagnostic unit 11, as in FIG Fig. 3 can also be integrated into the evaluation unit 8.
  • the monitoring data 6 include surface vibrations and / or leakage oil and hydraulic fluid temperature and / or hydraulic fluid condition, in particular degree of contamination, wherein for detecting the surface vibrations at least three different locations of the housing 15 of the hydrostatic displacement unit 2 at least three with the detection unit 4 connected acceleration sensors 14 are mounted.
  • the directions of the acceleration or vibration to be measured by the three acceleration sensors 14 are in each case perpendicular to each other in pairs.
  • the device 9 for analyzing the monitoring data 6 in the frequency domain comprises a module which forms the Fourier transform of the acquired monitoring data 6, in particular the surface vibrations.
  • the leakage oil temperature of the hydraulic fluid is detected by a sensor 5, the z. B. in the pump housing 15 or in a connected to the pump housing 15 leak oil line is detected and transmitted via the detection unit 4 to the evaluation unit 8 of the device 1 according to the invention, where this value is stored with other monitoring data 6.
  • the means 10 for analyzing the monitoring data 6 in the time domain has a module for evaluating a trend behavior using a quotient actual value / threshold value and a quotient changing the actual value to a threshold value, wherein the actual value relates both to monitoring data 6 and to operating data 7.
  • a combination of monitoring data 6 with operating data 7 is provided, wherein the threshold values for the monitoring data 6 dependent on the operating data 7 can be defined.
  • the output unit 13 connected to the diagnosis unit 11 For example, a pre-alarm and a main alarm are provided as alarms related to a machine condition, a pre-alarm indicating a pending next service, and a main alarm indicating a machine condition critical to continued operation and additionally capable of actuating the emergency switch.
  • Fig. 3 shows a block diagram for explaining the method according to the invention for condition monitoring.
  • the condition monitoring method assumes that a plurality of sensors 5 are attached to the hydrostatic displacement unit 2.
  • the mounted sensors 5 comprise acceleration sensors 14, dirt switches, temperature sensors in the tank and in the oil leakage channel, oil sensors, pressure sensors in the high-pressure line 21 and in the low-pressure line 20, a speed sensor attached to the shaft 25 and a sensor 5 for determining the swivel angle.
  • These sensors 5 acquire the relevant data and transmit it as monitoring data 6 and operating data 7 to a detection unit 4.
  • the monitoring data 6 relates to surface vibrations, to a particle concentration in the hydraulic fluid, to the temperatures in the tank and in the leak oil line, as well as to viscosity values, water content, dielectric values and pressure values of the hydraulic fluid used in the hydraulic circuit.
  • the operating data 7 relate to the pressure in a high-pressure line 21 and / or the pressure in a low-pressure line 20 and / or the swivel angle of a swash plate 19 and / or the rotational speed of a cylinder drum 16.
  • the monitoring data 6 in both the frequency domain and in the Time domain analyzed. After the data analysis, a signal is outputted from the output unit 13 connected to the diagnosis unit 11 depending on the result of the previous data analysis.
  • the monitoring data 6 acquired in the evaluation unit 8, in particular the surface vibrations measured by means of at least three acceleration sensors 14 mounted on the housing of the hydrostatic displacement unit 2, are subjected to a Fourier transformation.
  • the natural frequencies and / or error frequencies of the entire system are determined.
  • a critical operating state of the displacer unit 2 can be determined and reported via a suitable visual or audible alarm signal.
  • the quotient of an actual value and a threshold value is formed.
  • concentration of dirt particles in the hydraulic circuit is determined at regular intervals and set in relation to a predetermined and stored in the evaluation unit 8 limit concentration.
  • the result of this quotient is constantly monitored in the diagnostic unit 11, so that when approaching the value one, a suitable alarm is output.
  • a quotient of the change in the actual value and a previously defined threshold value is formed in the device 10 for analyzing the monitoring data 6 in the time domain. For example, a change in the temperature in the tank is detected at regular intervals and set in relation to a predetermined temperature. A sudden increase in this quotient is then an indication of a changed trend behavior of the monitored measurement parameter, so that then an alarm is output, after in the diagnostic unit 11 a Trend behavior of the monitoring data was evaluated based on the quotients formed in the evaluation unit in the time domain.
  • the invention is not limited to axial piston machines 3 in a swashplate construction and is also applicable, for example, to axial piston machines 3 in bent-axis design or other hydrostatic displacement units 2 with a closed or open hydraulic circuit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for monitoring the state of hydrostatic displacement units (2), in particular, axial piston machines (3) which are actuated as a pump or a motor. Said device comprises (1) a detector unit (4) comprising a plurality of sensors (5) which are arranged on the hydrostatic displacement unit (2) for detecting monitoring data (6) and operational data (7), in addition to an evaluation unit (8) which comprises a device (9) for analysing the monitoring data in the frequency range and a device (10) for analysing the monitoring data in a period of time. A diagnosis unit (11), which comprises an output unit (13), is connected to the evaluation unit (8).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Zustandsüberwachung bei hydrostatischen Verdrängereinheiten.The invention relates to a device and a method for condition monitoring in hydrostatic displacement units.

Wenn hydraulische Anlagen aufgrund von Wartungsarbeiten oder aufgrund einer Fehlfunktion ausfallen, entstehen kostenintensive Stillstandszeiten, innerhalb deren Zeitspanne Ersatzteile ausgetauscht werden müssen. Außerdem kann auch eine Verschmutzung des gesamten Hydraulikkreislaufes eine Stillstandszeit bewirken, so dass vor der erneuten Inbetriebnahme die gesamte Anlage gereinigt werden muss und das Hydrauliköl sowie Systemkomponenten wie z.B. Filtereinsätze ausgetauscht werden müssen. Wenn hydraulische Anlagen nicht in Betrieb sind, beispielsweise in einer Produktionslinie, resultieren nicht nur ein verringerter Produktionsausstoß, sondern auch sehr hohe Kosten für das Herunterfahren und das wieder Anfahren der hydraulischen Anlage.When hydraulic equipment fails due to maintenance or malfunction, costly downtime occurs during which spare parts must be replaced. In addition, contamination of the entire hydraulic circuit can cause a down time, so that before restarting the entire system must be cleaned and the hydraulic oil and system components such. Filter inserts must be replaced. If hydraulic systems are not in operation, for example in a production line, not only results in a reduced production output, but also very high costs for shutting down and restarting the hydraulic system.

Um die Ausfälle zu reduzieren ist dem Stand der Technik eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Fehlerdiagnose an Pumpen zu entnehmen.In order to reduce the failures, the prior art discloses a device and a method for diagnosing faults on pumps.

Beispielsweise ist aus der DE 103 34 817 A1 (nächster Stand der Technik) eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Fehlererkennung an Pumpen bekannt, bei denen nach der Erfassung eines Drucks der Pumpe eine Frequenzanalyse, vorzugsweise eine diskrete Fourier-Transformation, des erfassten Datensignals ausgeführt wird und im Anschluss daran die Amplitude einer charakteristischen Frequenz der Pumpe, die durch die Frequenzanalyse erhalten wurde, mit einer Referenzamplitude verglichen und aus diesem Vergleich einen Fehler der Pumpe ermittelt wird. Dabei ist die charakteristische Frequenz der Pumpe vorzugsweise die Eigenfrequenz des Pumpenantriebs.For example, is from the DE 103 34 817 A1 (Prior Art) discloses an apparatus and method for fault detection on pumps in which, after the detection of a pressure of the pump, a frequency analysis, preferably a discrete Fourier transform, of the detected data signal is carried out and subsequently the amplitude of a characteristic frequency The pump, which was obtained by the frequency analysis, compared with a reference amplitude and from this comparison, a failure of the pump is determined. The characteristic frequency of the pump is preferably the natural frequency of the pump drive.

Nachteilig bei dem aus der DE 103 34 817 A1 hervorgehenden Stand der Technik ist, dass lediglich der Druck einer Pumpe ausschließlich im Frequenzbereich analysiert wird. Droht die Pumpe wegen erhöhter Verschmutzung des Hydraulik Fluids auszufallen, so kann dies mit der in der DE 103 34 817 A1 beschriebenen Vorrichtung nicht direkt diagnostiziert werden, sondern es können nur von einer Druckerhöhung im Hydraulikkreislauf Rückschlüsse gezogen werden, da die Vorrichtung keinen Sensor aufweist, der beispielsweise die Konzentration der Schmutzpartikel im Hydraulikfluid bestimmt. Von Nachteil ist ebenfalls, dass eventuelle mechanische Instabilitäten, die durch eine hohe Drehzahl der Pumpe bedingt sind und sich auf das Pumpengehäuse übertragen, nicht direkt erfasst werden können, da am Pumpengehäuse keine entsprechenden Sensoren angebracht sind.A disadvantage of the DE 103 34 817 A1 Prior art is that only the pressure of a pump is analyzed exclusively in the frequency domain. If the pump threatens to fail due to increased contamination of the hydraulic fluid, this can be done with the in the DE 103 34 817 A1 described device can not be directly diagnosed, but it can be drawn only from an increase in pressure in the hydraulic circuit conclusions, since the device has no sensor that determines, for example, the concentration of dirt particles in the hydraulic fluid. Another disadvantage is that any mechanical instabilities that are caused by a high speed of the pump and transferred to the pump housing, can not be detected directly because no corresponding sensors are mounted on the pump housing.

Außerdem ist eine ereignisorientierte Wartung solcher Anlagen, d.h. eine durch einen Schadensfall bedingte Reparatur sowie eine zyklusorientierte Wartung, die sich auf eine Wartung in fest vorgegebenen Zeitabständen bezieht, von Nachteil, da diese eine längere Stillstandszeit und somit höhere Prozesskosten nach sich ziehen.In addition, event-driven maintenance of such equipment, i. damage-related repair and cycle-oriented maintenance related to fixed-interval maintenance are disadvantageous as they result in longer downtime and hence higher process costs.

Die vorliegende Erfindung hat die Aufgabe, die Nachteile beim Stand der Technik zu beseitigen und eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Fehlererkennung mit erweiterten Funktionsumfang zur zustandsorientierten Wartung bei hydrodynamisch betriebenen Maschinen zu schaffen.The present invention has the object to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide an apparatus and method for error detection with extended functionality for condition-based maintenance in hydrodynamically operated machines.

Die Aufgabe wird bezüglich der Vorrichtung erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 und bezüglich des Verfahrens durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 18 gelöst.The object is achieved with respect to the device according to the invention by the features of claim 1 and with respect to the method by the features of claim 18.

Anspruch 1 bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur Zustandsüberwachung bei hydrostatischen Verdrängereinheiten, insbesondere bei als Pumpe oder als Motor betriebenen Axialkolbenmaschinen. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung weist eine Erfassungseinheit mit einer Vielzahl von an der hydrostatischen Verdrängereinheit angebrachten Sensoren zur Erfassung von Überwachungsdaten und Betriebsdaten auf, wobei die Erfassungseinheit mit einer Auswerteeinheit verbunden ist, die sowohl eine Einrichtung zur Analyse der Überwachungsdaten im Frequenzbereich als auch eine Einrichtung zur Analyse der Überwachungsdaten im Zeitbereich umfasst. An die Auswerteeinheit ist eine Diagnoseeinheit mit einer Ausgabeeinheit angeschlossenen.Claim 1 relates to a device for condition monitoring in hydrostatic displacement units, in particular when operated as a pump or as a motor axial piston machines. The The device according to the invention has a detection unit with a multiplicity of sensors mounted on the hydrostatic displacement unit for acquiring monitoring data and operating data, wherein the detection unit is connected to an evaluation unit which has both a device for analyzing the monitoring data in the frequency domain and a device for analyzing the monitoring data in the time domain. To the evaluation unit is a diagnostic unit connected to an output unit.

Anspruch 18 bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Zustandsüberwachung mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bei hydrostatischen Verdrängereinheiten, insbesondere bei als Pumpe oder als Motor betriebenen Axialkolbenmaschinen, wobei eine Vielzahl von Sensoren an der hydrostatischen Verdrängereinheit angebracht werden und die Überwachungsdaten und Betriebsdaten in einer Erfassungseinheit erfasst werden. Anschließend werden die Überwachungsdaten in der Auswerteeinheit sowohl im Frequenzbereich als auch im Zeitbereich analysiert, damit dann von der an der Diagnoseeinheit angeschlossenen Ausgabeeinheit in Abhängigkeit von dem Ergebnis der vorhergehenden Analyse ein Signal ausgegeben wird.Claim 18 relates to a method for condition monitoring by means of the device according to the invention in hydrostatic displacement units, in particular operated as a pump or motor axial piston machines, wherein a plurality of sensors are attached to the hydrostatic displacement unit and the monitoring data and operating data are detected in a detection unit. Subsequently, the monitoring data in the evaluation unit are analyzed both in the frequency domain and in the time domain so that a signal is then output by the output unit connected to the diagnostic unit as a function of the result of the preceding analysis.

Die in den Unteransprüchen ausgeführten Maßnahmen betreffen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.The measures carried out in the dependent claims relate to advantageous developments of the invention.

Insbesondere ist es vorteilhaft, dass die Auswerteeinheit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Zustandsüberwachung sowohl eine Einrichtung zur Analyse der Überwachungsdaten im Frequenzbereich als auch eine Einrichtung zur Analyse der Überwachungsdaten im Zeitbereich umfasst. Somit können mit einfachen Mitteln die Eigenfrequenzen des Gesamtsystems ermittelt und gespeichert werden.In particular, it is advantageous that the evaluation unit of the state monitoring device according to the invention comprises both a device for analyzing the monitoring data in the frequency domain and a device for analyzing the monitoring data in the time domain. Thus, the natural frequencies of the entire system can be determined and stored with simple means.

Weiterhin ist von Vorteil, dass an der hydrostatischen Einheit eine Vielzahl von Sensoren angebracht sind, womit sowohl Überwachungsdaten als auch Betriebsdaten wie Druck in einer Hochdruckleitung und/oder Druck in einer Niedrigdruckleitung und/oder ein Schwenkwinkel einer Schrägscheibe und/oder eine Drehzahl einer Zylindertrommel messtechnisch erfasst werden, um anschließend in der Auswerteeinheit bezüglich ihres Zusammenhangs analysiert zu werden.Furthermore, it is advantageous that a large number of sensors are mounted on the hydrostatic unit, with which both monitoring data and operating data such as pressure in a high-pressure line and / or pressure in a low pressure line and / or a swivel angle of a swash plate and / or a rotational speed of a cylinder drum are metrologically detected to be subsequently analyzed in the evaluation unit with respect to their context.

Dabei ist von Vorteil, dass die Überwachungsdaten wie Oberflächenvibrationen und/oder Lecköl- und Hydraulikfluid-Temperatur und/oder Hydraulikfluid-Zustand, im Zusammenhang mit den ermittelten Betriebdaten den Gesamtzustand der zu überwachenden Maschine kennzeichnen, und somit eine notwendige Wartung schon vor ihrer Fälligkeit angezeigt wird, so dass eine eventuell notwendige Stillstandszeit gut mit dem Produktionsprozess vereinbart werden kann.It is advantageous that the monitoring data such as surface vibrations and / or leakage oil and hydraulic fluid temperature and / or hydraulic fluid state, in connection with the determined operating data characterize the overall state of the machine to be monitored, and thus indicates a necessary maintenance before their due date so that any necessary downtime can be well-agreed with the production process.

Außerdem ist von Vorteil, dass die Überwachungsdaten in der Auswerteeinheit auch im Zeitbereich analysiert werden können, so dass anhand einer Quotientenbildung von einem gemessenen Istwert zu einem festgelegten Schwellwert bzw. von einer Änderung des Istwerts zu einem festgelegten Schwellwert ein Trendverhalten des Maschinenzustands bestimmt werden kann.In addition, it is advantageous that the monitoring data in the evaluation unit can also be analyzed in the time domain so that a trend behavior of the machine state can be determined based on a quotient of a measured actual value to a specified threshold value or of a change of the actual value to a specified threshold value.

Ferner ist von Vorteil, dass zumindest drei Beschleunigungssensoren an dem Gehäuse der hydrostatischen Verdrängereinheit angebracht sind, so dass Oberflächenvibrationen des Gehäuses in drei Richtungen erfasst werden können, die paarweise aufeinander senkrecht stehen.Furthermore, it is advantageous that at least three acceleration sensors are mounted on the housing of the hydrostatic displacement unit, so that surface vibrations of the housing can be detected in three directions which are perpendicular to each other in pairs.

Weiterhin ist von Vorteil, dass an der den Maschinenzustand festlegenden Diagnoseeinheit eine Ausgabeeinheit angeschlossen ist, in der ein Voralarm oder ein Hauptalarm in Bezug auf den diagnostizierten Maschinenzustand ausgeben wird.Furthermore, it is advantageous that an output unit is connected to the diagnostic unit defining the machine state, in which a pre-alarm or a main alarm with respect to the diagnosed machine state is output.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Zustandsüberwachung bei hydrostatischen Verdrängereinheiten ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Axialkolbenmaschine zur Erläuterung der erfassten Überwachungsdaten und Betriebsdaten;
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Zustandsüberwachung und
Fig. 3
ein Blockschaltbild zur Erläuterung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Zustandsüberwachung.
A preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention for condition monitoring in hydrostatic displacement units is shown in the drawing and will be explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of an axial piston machine for explaining the detected monitoring data and operating data;
Fig. 2
a schematic representation of a device according to the invention for condition monitoring and
Fig. 3
a block diagram for explaining the method according to the invention for condition monitoring.

Die in der Fig. 1 dargestellte Axialkolbenmaschine 3 ist in Schrägscheibenbauweise mit verstellbarem Verdrängungsvolumen und einer Stromrichtung ausgeführt und umfaßt in bekannter Weise als wesentliche Bauteile ein im wesentlichen hohlzylindrisches Gehäuse 15 mit einem stirnseitig offenen Ende (unteres Ende in Fig. 1), einem am Gehäuse 15 befestigten, dessen offenes Ende verschließenden Gehäusedeckel 23, eine auch als Hubscheibe bezeichnete Schrägscheibe 19, eine Steuerplatte 24, eine Welle 25 und eine Zylindertrommel 16. Mittels eines geeigneten Sensors, der in dieser Darstellung nicht gezeigt ist, wird ein Schwenkwinkel der Schrägscheibe 19 ermittelt und an eine Erfassungseinheit 4 der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 zur Zustandsüberwachung bei hydrostatischen Verdrängereinheiten 2 übermittelt.The in the Fig. 1 shown axial piston machine 3 is designed in swash plate design with adjustable displacement volume and a current direction and includes in a known manner as essential components a substantially hollow cylindrical housing 15 with an end open end (lower end in Fig. 1 ), a housing 15 fixed to the open end occlusive housing cover 23, also referred to as a lifting disc swash plate 19, a control plate 24, a shaft 25 and a cylinder drum 16. By means of a suitable sensor, which is not shown in this illustration, is a Swivel angle of the swash plate 19 is determined and transmitted to a detection unit 4 of the device 1 according to the invention for condition monitoring in hydrostatic displacement units 2.

Die Welle 25 ist in dem Gehäuse 15 drehbar gelagert und greift zentriert durch die Zylindertrommel 16 hindurch. Die Zylindertrommel 16 ist mit der Welle 25 drehfest, jedoch axial beweglich und dadurch von der Welle abziehbar verbunden. Die Welle ist auf beiden Seiten der Zylindertrommel 16 in jeweils einem Wälzlager gelagert. An der Welle 25 ist ein Drehzahlsensor angebracht, der in dieser Darstellung nicht erkennbar ist und der die momentane Drehzahl der Welle 25 bestimmt und an die Erfassungseinheit 4 weiterleitet.The shaft 25 is rotatably mounted in the housing 15 and engages centered through the cylinder drum 16 therethrough. The cylinder drum 16 is rotatable with the shaft 25, but axially movable and thereby detachably connected by the shaft. The wave is on both sides of the Cylinder drum 16 mounted in each case a rolling bearing. On the shaft 25, a speed sensor is mounted, which is not visible in this illustration and determines the instantaneous speed of the shaft 25 and forwards to the detection unit 4.

In der Zylindertrommel 16 sind über den Umfang verteilt mehrere Zylinderbohrungen 17 ausgebildet. In jeder Zylinderbohrung 17 ist jeweils ein Kolben 18 axial. beweglich eingesetzt. Die Kolben 18 weisen jeweils an der von dem Gehäusedeckel 23 abgewandten Seite einen kugelförmigen Kopf 26 auf, der mit einer korrespondierenden Ausnehmung eines Gleitschuhs 27 zu einer Gelenkverbindung zusammenwirkt. Mittels des Gleitschuhs 27 stützt sich der Kolben 18 an der Schrägscheibe 19 ab. Bei einer Drehung der Zylindertrommel 16 führen die Kolben 18 daher in den Zylinderbohrungen 17 eine Hubbewegung aus. Die Höhe des Hubs wird dabei durch die Stellung der Schrägscheibe 19 vorgegeben, wobei die Stellung der Schrägscheibe 19 im Ausführungsbeispiel durch eine Stellvorrichtung 28 einstellbar ist.In the cylinder drum 16 distributed over the circumference a plurality of cylinder bores 17 are formed. In each cylinder bore 17 is a piston 18 each axially. used movably. The pistons 18 each have on the side facing away from the housing cover 23 a spherical head 26 which cooperates with a corresponding recess of a shoe 27 to a hinge connection. By means of the slide shoe 27, the piston 18 is supported on the swash plate 19. Upon rotation of the cylinder drum 16, the pistons 18 therefore execute a stroke movement in the cylinder bores 17. The height of the stroke is determined by the position of the swash plate 19, wherein the position of the swash plate 19 in the embodiment by an adjusting device 28 is adjustable.

Die im dargestellten Schnitt der Fig. 1 der Axialkolbenmaschine 3 nicht erkennbaren Steueröffnungen der Steuerplatte 24 stehen auf ihrer von der Zylindertrommel 16 abgewandten Seite in permanentem Kontakt mit zumindest einem in dieser Figur nicht dargestellten Hochdruck- bzw. Niederdruckanschluß.The section shown in the Fig. 1 The axial piston 3 not recognizable control openings of the control plate 24 are on their side facing away from the cylinder drum 16 side in permanent contact with at least one high-pressure or low-pressure connection, not shown in this figure.

Die Zylinderbohrungen 17 sind über Öffnungen zu der Stirnfläche der Zylindertrommel 16 hin offen. Die Öffnungen überstreichen bei einer Rotation der Zylindertrommel 4 eine dichtende Umgebung der Steuerplatte 24 und werden dabei während eines Umlaufs alternierend mit den nicht erkennbaren Steueröffnungen verbunden.The cylinder bores 17 are open via openings to the end face of the cylinder drum 16. The openings sweep with a rotation of the cylinder drum 4, a sealing environment of the control plate 24 and are connected during a rotation alternately with the unrecognizable control openings.

Die Funktion der vorstehend beschriebenen Axialkolbenmaschine 3 ist allgemein bekannt und in nachstehender Beschreibung bei einem Einsatz als Pumpe auf das Wesentliche beschränkt.The function of the axial piston machine 3 described above is well known and in below description when used as a pump to the essential.

Die Axialkolbenmaschine 3 ist beispielsweise für den Betrieb mit Öl als Hydraulik-Fluid vorgesehen. Über die Welle 25 wird die Zylindertrommel 16 mitsamt den Kolben 18 in Drehung versetzt. Wenn durch Betätigung der Stellvorrichtung 28 die Schrägscheibe 19 in eine Schrägstellung gegenüber der Zylindertrommel 16 verschwenkt ist, vollführen sämtliche Kolben 18 Hubbewegungen. Bei Drehung der Zylindertrommel 16 um 360° durchläuft jeder Kolben 18 einen Saug- und einen Kompressionshub, wobei entsprechende Ölströme erzeugt werden, deren Zu- und Abführung über die Öffnungen, die nicht erkennbaren Steueröffnungen der Steuerplatte 24 und den nicht dargestellten Hochdruck- bzw. Niederdruckanschluß erfolgen.The axial piston machine 3 is provided, for example, for operation with oil as a hydraulic fluid. About the shaft 25, the cylinder drum 16 is rotated together with the piston 18 in rotation. If the swashplate 19 is pivoted into an inclined position relative to the cylinder drum 16 by actuation of the adjusting device 28, all the pistons 18 perform strokes. Upon rotation of the cylinder drum 16 by 360 ° each piston 18 passes through a suction and a compression stroke, with corresponding oil flows are generated, their supply and discharge through the openings, the unrecognizable control openings of the control plate 24 and the high pressure or low pressure connection, not shown respectively.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 zur Zustandsüberwachung einer hydrostatischen Verdrängereinheit 2, dessen Bauweise im Wesentlichen der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Axialkolbenmaschine 3 entspricht. Die Vorrichtung 1 zur Zustandsüberwachung bei hydrostatischen Verdrängereinheiten 2, insbesondere bei als Pumpe oder als Motor betriebenen Axialkolbenmaschinen 3 umfasst eine Erfassungseinheit 4 mit einer Vielzahl von an der hydrostatischen Verdrängereinheit 2 angebrachten Sensoren 5. Diese Sensoren 5 erfassen sowohl Überwachungsdaten 6 als auch Betriebsdaten 7. Ferner weist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 1 eine Auswerteeinheit 8 mit einer Einrichtung 9 zur Analyse der Überwachungsdaten 6 im Frequenzbereich und einer Einrichtung 10 zur Analyse der Überwachungsdaten 6 im Zeitbereich auf. An die Auswerteeinheit 8 schließt sich eine Diagnoseeinheit 11 mit einer Ausgabeeinheit 13 an, wobei die Diagnoseeinheit 11, wie in Fig. 3 gezeigt, auch in die Auswerteeinheit 8 integriert sein kann. Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of an inventive device 1 for condition monitoring of a hydrostatic displacer unit 2, whose construction is substantially the in Fig. 1 shown axial piston machine 3 corresponds. The device 1 for condition monitoring in the case of hydrostatic displacement units 2, in particular in the case of axial piston machines 3 operated as pump or motor, comprises a detection unit 4 with a multiplicity of sensors 5 mounted on the hydrostatic displacement unit 2. These sensors 5 capture both monitoring data 6 and operating data 7 For example, the device 1 according to the invention has an evaluation unit 8 with a device 9 for analyzing the monitoring data 6 in the frequency domain and a device 10 for analyzing the monitoring data 6 in the time domain. The evaluation unit 8 is adjoined by a diagnostic unit 11 having an output unit 13, wherein the diagnostic unit 11, as in FIG Fig. 3 can also be integrated into the evaluation unit 8.

Die Überwachungsdaten 6 umfassen Oberflächenvibrationen und/oder Lecköl- und Hydraulik-Fluid-Temperatur und/oder Hydraulik-Fluid-Zustand, insbesondere Verschmutzungsgrad, wobei zur Erfassung der Oberflächenvibrationen an zumindest drei unterschiedlichen Stellen des Gehäuses 15 der hydrostatischen Verdrängereinheit 2 zumindest drei mit der Erfassungseinheit 4 verbundene Beschleunigungssensoren 14 angebracht sind. Die Richtungen der von den drei Beschleunigungssensoren 14 zu messenden Beschleunigungen bzw. Vibrationen stehen dabei jeweils paarweise senkrecht aufeinander.The monitoring data 6 include surface vibrations and / or leakage oil and hydraulic fluid temperature and / or hydraulic fluid condition, in particular degree of contamination, wherein for detecting the surface vibrations at least three different locations of the housing 15 of the hydrostatic displacement unit 2 at least three with the detection unit 4 connected acceleration sensors 14 are mounted. The directions of the acceleration or vibration to be measured by the three acceleration sensors 14 are in each case perpendicular to each other in pairs.

Die Einrichtung 9 zur Analyse der Überwachungsdaten 6 im Frequenzbereich umfasst ein Modul, das die Fourriertransformierte der erfassten Überwachungsdaten 6, insbesondere der Oberflächenvibrationen bildet.The device 9 for analyzing the monitoring data 6 in the frequency domain comprises a module which forms the Fourier transform of the acquired monitoring data 6, in particular the surface vibrations.

Die Lecköltemperatur des Hydraulik Fluids wird durch einen Sensor 5, der z. B. im Pumpengehäuse 15 oder in einer mit dem Pumpengehäuse 15 verbundenen Leckölleitung angeordnet ist, erfasst und über die Erfassungseinheit 4 zur Auswerteeinheit 8 der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 übermittelt, wo dieser Wert mit anderen Überwachungsdaten 6 gespeichert wird.The leakage oil temperature of the hydraulic fluid is detected by a sensor 5, the z. B. in the pump housing 15 or in a connected to the pump housing 15 leak oil line is detected and transmitted via the detection unit 4 to the evaluation unit 8 of the device 1 according to the invention, where this value is stored with other monitoring data 6.

Die Einrichtung 10 zur Analyse der Überwachungsdaten 6 im Zeitbereich weist ein Modul zur Bewertung eines Trendverhaltens anhand eines Quotienten Istwert/Schwellwert und eines Quotienten Änderung des Istwerts zu einem Schwellwert auf, wobei der Istwert sich sowohl auf Überwachungsdaten 6 als auch auf Betriebsdaten 7 bezieht.The means 10 for analyzing the monitoring data 6 in the time domain has a module for evaluating a trend behavior using a quotient actual value / threshold value and a quotient changing the actual value to a threshold value, wherein the actual value relates both to monitoring data 6 and to operating data 7.

In der Diagnoseeinheit 11 der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 zur Zustandsüberwachung ist eine Verknüpfung von Überwachungsdaten 6 mit Betriebsdaten 7 vorgesehen, wobei die Schwellwerte für die von den Betriebsdaten 7 abhängigen Überwachungsdaten 6 festlegbar sind. In der an die Diagnoseeinheit 11 angeschlossenen Ausgabeeinheit 13 sind ein Voralarm und ein Hauptalarm als Alarmsignale in Bezug auf einen Maschinenzustand vorgesehen, wobei ein Voralarm eine anstehende nächste Wartung kennzeichnet und ein Hauptalarm einen für den weiteren Betrieb kritischen Maschinenzustand anzeigt und zusätzlich noch den Notschalter betätigen kann.In the diagnostic unit 11 of the condition monitoring device 1 according to the invention, a combination of monitoring data 6 with operating data 7 is provided, wherein the threshold values for the monitoring data 6 dependent on the operating data 7 can be defined. In the output unit 13 connected to the diagnosis unit 11 For example, a pre-alarm and a main alarm are provided as alarms related to a machine condition, a pre-alarm indicating a pending next service, and a main alarm indicating a machine condition critical to continued operation and additionally capable of actuating the emergency switch.

Fig. 3. zeigt ein Blockschaltbild zur Erläuterung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Zustandsüberwachung. Das Verfahren zur Zustandsüberwachung geht davon aus, dass eine Vielzahl von Sensoren 5 an der hydrostatischen Verdrängereinheit 2 angebracht werden. Die angebrachten Sensoren 5 umfassen im Ausführungsbeispiel Beschleunigungssensoren 14, Schmutzschalter, Temperatursensoren im Tank, sowie im Leckölkanal, Ölsensoren, Drucksensoren in der Hochdruckleitung 21 sowie in der Niedrigdruckleitung 20, einen an der Welle 25 angebrachten Drehzahlsensor und einen Sensor 5 zur Bestimmung des Schwenkwinkels. Diese Sensoren 5 erfassen die relevanten Daten und übermitteln sie als Überwachungsdaten 6 und Betriebsdaten 7 an eine Erfassungseinheit 4. Fig. 3 , shows a block diagram for explaining the method according to the invention for condition monitoring. The condition monitoring method assumes that a plurality of sensors 5 are attached to the hydrostatic displacement unit 2. In the exemplary embodiment, the mounted sensors 5 comprise acceleration sensors 14, dirt switches, temperature sensors in the tank and in the oil leakage channel, oil sensors, pressure sensors in the high-pressure line 21 and in the low-pressure line 20, a speed sensor attached to the shaft 25 and a sensor 5 for determining the swivel angle. These sensors 5 acquire the relevant data and transmit it as monitoring data 6 and operating data 7 to a detection unit 4.

Die Überwachungsdaten 6 beziehen sich auf Oberflächenvibrationen, auf eine Partikelkonzentration im Hydraulik Fluid, auf die Temperaturen im Tank und in der Leckölleitung sowie auf Viskositätswerte, Wassergehalt, Dielektrizitätswerte und Druckwerte des im Hydraulik Kreislauf verwendeten Hydraulik-Fluids.The monitoring data 6 relates to surface vibrations, to a particle concentration in the hydraulic fluid, to the temperatures in the tank and in the leak oil line, as well as to viscosity values, water content, dielectric values and pressure values of the hydraulic fluid used in the hydraulic circuit.

Die Betriebsdaten 7 beziehen sich auf den Druck in einer Hochdruckleitung 21 und/oder den Druck in einer Niedrigdruckleitung 20 und/oder den Schwenkwinkel einer Schrägscheibe 19 und/oder die Drehzahl einer Zylindertrommel 16.The operating data 7 relate to the pressure in a high-pressure line 21 and / or the pressure in a low-pressure line 20 and / or the swivel angle of a swash plate 19 and / or the rotational speed of a cylinder drum 16.

In der Auswerteeinheit 8, die sich an die Erfassungseinheit 4 anschließt, werden die Überwachungsdaten 6 sowohl im Frequenzbereich als auch im Zeitbereich analysiert. Nach der Datenanalyse wird von der an der Diagnoseeinheit 11 angeschlossenen Ausgabeeinheit 13 in Abhängigkeit von dem Ergebnis der vorhergehenden Datenanalyse ein Signal ausgegeben.In the evaluation unit 8, which adjoins the detection unit 4, the monitoring data 6 in both the frequency domain and in the Time domain analyzed. After the data analysis, a signal is outputted from the output unit 13 connected to the diagnosis unit 11 depending on the result of the previous data analysis.

Die in der Auswerteeinheit 8 erfassten Überwachungsdaten 6, insbesondere die mittels zumindest drei an dem Gehäuse der hydrostatischen Verdrängereinheit 2 angebrachten Beschleunigungssensoren 14 gemessenen Oberflächenvibrationen, werden einer Fourriertransformation unterworfen. Dadurch werden die Eigenfrequenzen und/oder Fehlerfrequenzen des Gesamtsystems ermittelt. Anhand dieser Eigenfrequenzen und/oder Fehlersequenzen kann ein kritischer Betriebszustand der Verdrängereinheit 2 ermittelt werden und über ein geeignetes optisches oder akustisches Alarmsignal gemeldet werden.The monitoring data 6 acquired in the evaluation unit 8, in particular the surface vibrations measured by means of at least three acceleration sensors 14 mounted on the housing of the hydrostatic displacement unit 2, are subjected to a Fourier transformation. As a result, the natural frequencies and / or error frequencies of the entire system are determined. On the basis of these natural frequencies and / or error sequences, a critical operating state of the displacer unit 2 can be determined and reported via a suitable visual or audible alarm signal.

In der Einrichtung 10 zur Analyse der Überwachungsdaten 6 im Zeitbereich wird der Quotient aus einem Istwert und einem Schwellwert gebildet. Beispielsweise wird die Konzentration der Schmutzpartikel im Hydraulikkreis in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen bestimmt und ins Verhältnis zu einer vorher festgelegten und in der Auswerteeinheit 8 gespeicherten Grenzkonzentration gesetzt. Das Ergebnis dieses Quotienten wird in der Diagnoseeinheit 11 ständig überwacht, so dass bei einer Annäherung an den Wert Eins ein geeigneter Alarm ausgegeben wird.In the device 10 for analyzing the monitoring data 6 in the time domain, the quotient of an actual value and a threshold value is formed. For example, the concentration of dirt particles in the hydraulic circuit is determined at regular intervals and set in relation to a predetermined and stored in the evaluation unit 8 limit concentration. The result of this quotient is constantly monitored in the diagnostic unit 11, so that when approaching the value one, a suitable alarm is output.

Ferner wird in der Einrichtung 10 zur Analyse der Überwachungsdaten 6 im Zeitbereich ein Quotient aus der Änderung des Istwerts und einem vorher festgelegten Schwellwert gebildet. Zum Beispiel wird in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen eine Änderung der Temperatur im Tank erfasst und ins Verhältnis zu einer vorher festgelegten Temperatur gesetzt. Ein sprunghafter Anstieg dieses Quotienten ist dann ein Hinweis auf ein geändertes Trendverhalten des überwachten Messparameters, so dass daraufhin ein Alarm ausgegeben wird, nachdem in der Diagnoseeinheit 11 ein Trendverhalten der Überwachungsdaten anhand der in der Auswerteeinheit gebildeten Quotienten im Zeitbereich bewertet wurde.Furthermore, a quotient of the change in the actual value and a previously defined threshold value is formed in the device 10 for analyzing the monitoring data 6 in the time domain. For example, a change in the temperature in the tank is detected at regular intervals and set in relation to a predetermined temperature. A sudden increase in this quotient is then an indication of a changed trend behavior of the monitored measurement parameter, so that then an alarm is output, after in the diagnostic unit 11 a Trend behavior of the monitoring data was evaluated based on the quotients formed in the evaluation unit in the time domain.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf Axialkolbenmaschinen 3 in Schrägscheibenbauweise beschränkt und ist beispielsweise auch für Axialkolbenmaschinen 3 in Schrägachsenbauweise verwendbar oder weitere hydrostatische Verdrängereinheiten 2 mit einem geschlossenen oder offenen Hydraulikkreislauf anwendbar.The invention is not limited to axial piston machines 3 in a swashplate construction and is also applicable, for example, to axial piston machines 3 in bent-axis design or other hydrostatic displacement units 2 with a closed or open hydraulic circuit.

Claims (24)

  1. Device (1) for state monitoring for hydrostatic displacer units (2), in particular for axial piston machines (3) which are operated as pumps or motors, with a capture unit (4) with sensors (5) attached to the hydrostatic displacer unit (2) to capture data, with an analysis unit (8), which includes a device (9) for analysis in the frequency domain,
    and with a diagnostic unit (11), to which an output unit (13) is connected,
    characterized in that
    the analysis unit (8) also includes a device (10) for analysis in the time domain, and
    the captured data consist of monitoring data (6) and operational data (7), and the operational data (7) are analysed in the analysis unit (8) in the time domain, and the monitoring data (6) are analysed in the analysis unit (8) in both the time domain and the frequency domain,
    the monitoring data include surface vibrations and/or leaked oil temperature and/or hydraulic fluid temperature and/or hydraulic fluid state and/or degree of contamination, and/or concern surface vibrations and/or a particle concentration in the hydraulic fluid and/or the temperatures in the tank and/or the leaked oil pipe and/or viscosity values and/or water content and/or permittivity values and/or pressure values of the hydraulic fluid which is used in the hydraulic circuit, and
    the operational data concern the pressure in a high pressure pipe (21) and/or the pressure in a low pressure pipe (20) and/or the pivoting angle of a swash plate (19) and/or the rotational speed of a cylinder drum (16).
  2. Device for state monitoring according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the device (10) for analysing the monitoring data in the frequency domain has a module for Fourier transformation of the captured monitoring data (6).
  3. Device for state monitoring according to Claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    the device (9) for analysing the monitoring data in the time domain has a module for evaluating a trend behaviour on the basis of an actual value to threshold value quotient and/or of a change of actual value to threshold value quotient.
  4. Device for state monitoring according to any one of Claims 1 to 3,
    characterized in that
    at least three acceleration sensors (14), which are connected to the capture unit (4), are attached to a housing (15) of the hydrostatic displacer unit (2).
  5. Device for state monitoring according to Claim 4,
    characterized in that
    the acceleration sensors (14) are attached at three different points of the housing (15) of the hydrostatic displacer unit (2).
  6. Device for state monitoring according to Claim 4 or 5,
    characterized in that
    the directions of the accelerations and/or vibrations to be measured by the three acceleration sensors (14) are perpendicular to each other in pairs.
  7. Device for state monitoring according to any one of Claims 1 to 6,
    characterized in that
    the hydrostatic displacer unit (2) has cylinder bores (17), which are arranged in a cylinder drum (16), with pistons which are axially movable in the cylinder bores (17), each piston (18) being supported on an adjustable swash plate (19), and that the operational data (7) refer to a pressure in a high pressure pipe (21) and/or a pressure in a low pressure pipe (20) of the hydrostatic displacer unit (2), a pivoting angle of the swash plate (19) and/or a rotational speed of the cylinder drum (16).
  8. Device for state monitoring according to any one of Claims 1 to 7,
    characterized in that
    the monitoring data (6) are collected by the sensors (5) which are provided at the corresponding points, and transmitted to the capture unit (4) of the device (1) for state monitoring.
  9. Device for state monitoring according to Claim 8,
    characterized in that
    the monitoring data (6) include the vibrations measured by three acceleration sensors (14).
  10. Device for state monitoring according to Claim 8 or 9,
    characterized in that
    the monitoring data (6) include the temperature which is determined by means of a sensor (5) in a leaked oil pipe (22).
  11. Device for state monitoring according to any one of Claims 8 to 10,
    characterized in that
    the monitoring data (6) include the temperature values, viscosity values and pressure values which are determined by means of a sensor (5) which is attached in a hydraulic fluid.
  12. Device for state monitoring according to any one of Claims 8 to 11,
    characterized in that
    the monitoring data (6) include the temperature values which are determined by means of a temperature sensor which is attached in a tank for the hydraulic fluid.
  13. Device for state monitoring according to any one of Claims 8 to 12,
    characterized in that
    the monitoring data (6) include degrees of contamination which are determined by means of a particle sensor which is attached in the tank for the hydraulic fluid, and/or by means of a particle sensor which is attached in the leaked oil pipe (22).
  14. Device for state monitoring according to any one of Claims 1 to 13,
    characterized in that
    in the diagnostic unit (11), a linkage of monitoring data with operational data, and definable threshold values for the monitoring data (6) which depend on the operational data (7), are present.
  15. Device for state monitoring according to any one of Claims 1 to 14,
    characterized in that
    in the output unit (13) which is connected to the diagnostic unit (11), a pre-alarm and a main alarm are provided as alarm signals in relation to a machine state.
  16. Device for state monitoring according to Claim 15,
    characterized in that
    the alarm signals in the output unit (13) are acoustic signals.
  17. Device for state monitoring according to Claim 15,
    characterized in that
    the alarm signals in the output unit (13) are optical signals.
  18. Method for state monitoring by means of a device (1) for hydrostatic displacer units (2), in particular for axial piston machines (3) which are operated as pumps or motors, with a sensor unit (4) with sensors (5) attached to the hydrostatic displacer unit (2) to capture data, with an analysis unit (8), which has a device (9) for analysing data in the frequency domain and a device (10) for analysing data in the time domain, and with a diagnostic unit (11), to which an output unit (13) is connected,
    at least one sensor (5), which captures data in a capture unit (4), being attached to the hydrostatic displacer unit (2),
    a signal being output by the output unit (13) which is connected to the diagnostic unit (11) depending on the result of a preceding analysis,
    characterized in that
    the captured data consist of monitoring data (6) and operational data (7), and the operational data (7) are analysed in the analysis unit (8) in the time domain, and the monitoring data (6) are analysed in the analysis unit (8) in both the time domain and the frequency domain,
    the monitoring data include surface vibrations and/or leaked oil temperature and/or hydraulic fluid temperature and/or hydraulic fluid state and/or degree of contamination, and/or concern surface vibrations and/or a particle concentration in the hydraulic fluid and/or the temperatures in the tank and/or the leaked oil pipe and/or viscosity values and/or water content and/or permittivity values and/or pressure values of the hydraulic fluid which is used in the hydraulic circuit, and
    the operational data concern the pressure in a high pressure pipe (21) and/or the pressure in a low pressure pipe (20) and/or the pivoting angle of a swash plate (19) and/or the rotational speed of a cylinder drum (16).
  19. Method for state monitoring according to Claim 18,
    characterized in that
    the sensors (5) capture monitoring data (6) such as surface vibrations and/or leaked oil and hydraulic fluid temperatures and/or hydraulic fluid state, in particular degree of contamination.
  20. Method for state monitoring according to Claim 18 or 19,
    characterized in that
    in the analysis unit (8), the captured monitoring data (6), in particular the surface vibrations which are measured by means of at least three acceleration sensors (14), are Fourier-transformed.
  21. Method for state monitoring according to any one of Claims 18 to 20,
    characterized in that
    the sensors (5) capture operational data (7) such as pressure in a high pressure pipe (20) and/or pressure in a low pressure pipe (21) and/or a pivoting angle of a swash plate (19) and/or a rotational speed of a cylinder drum (16).
  22. Method for state monitoring according to any one of Claims 18 to 21,
    characterized in that
    in the device (10) for analysing the monitoring data (6) in the time domain and/or frequency domain, the quotient of an actual value and a defined threshold value is formed.
  23. Method for state monitoring according to any one of Claims 18 to 21,
    characterized in that
    in the device (10) for analysing the monitoring data (6) in the time domain and/or frequency domain, the quotient of a change of the actual value and a defined threshold value is formed.
  24. Method for state monitoring according to Claim 22 or 23,
    characterized in that
    in the diagnostic unit (11), a trend behaviour of the monitoring data (6) is evaluated in the time domain and/or frequency domain on the basis of the quotients formed in the analysis unit (8).
EP06829533A 2005-12-13 2006-12-12 Device and method for monitoring the state of hydrostatic displacement units Active EP1960666B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102005059564A DE102005059564A1 (en) 2005-12-13 2005-12-13 Device and method for condition monitoring in hydrostatic displacement units
PCT/EP2006/011952 WO2007068448A1 (en) 2005-12-13 2006-12-12 Device and method for monitoring the state of hydrostatic displacement units

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DE102015214162A1 (en) 2015-07-27 2017-02-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device and method for monitoring a pivot bearing of an axial piston machine
EP4261413A1 (en) 2022-04-16 2023-10-18 Hydac Fluidtechnik GmbH Device and method for determining a state, in particular a wear state, of a displacement unit

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DE102005059564A1 (en) 2007-06-14
US20090229456A1 (en) 2009-09-17
US7860683B2 (en) 2010-12-28
WO2007068448A1 (en) 2007-06-21

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