EP1957792A1 - Electronegative plasma motor - Google Patents
Electronegative plasma motorInfo
- Publication number
- EP1957792A1 EP1957792A1 EP06830423A EP06830423A EP1957792A1 EP 1957792 A1 EP1957792 A1 EP 1957792A1 EP 06830423 A EP06830423 A EP 06830423A EP 06830423 A EP06830423 A EP 06830423A EP 1957792 A1 EP1957792 A1 EP 1957792A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- extraction
- ionization
- stage
- plasma thruster
- thruster according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/54—Plasma accelerators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H—PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H1/00—Using plasma to produce a reactive propulsive thrust
- F03H1/0006—Details applicable to different types of plasma thrusters
- F03H1/0025—Neutralisers, i.e. means for keeping electrical neutrality
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H—PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H1/00—Using plasma to produce a reactive propulsive thrust
- F03H1/0037—Electrostatic ion thrusters
- F03H1/0043—Electrostatic ion thrusters characterised by the acceleration grid
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of plasma thrusters.
- These thrusters can for example be used in satellites or in spacecraft whose propulsion requires weak thrusts over long times, such as for example probes.
- Plasma thrusters allow these high ejection speeds to be achieved.
- Two quantities are used to characterize a propellant, the specific impulse: expressed in seconds, where g 0 is the gravity constant at the surface of the earth, and the thrust:
- T riu ⁇ e
- m the mass flow
- the principle of the plasma thrusters described on the diagram illustrated in figure 1, is as follows: the "fuel" (gas) X is first ionized in a plasma to form positive ions X + and electrons e " , then ejected by acceleration in an electric field E (often created by accelerating grids), before being neutralized by an annexed electron beam Fe " positioned downstream of the accelerating zone. Neutralization is essential to prevent spacecraft from charging electrically.
- the various prototypes of plasma thrusters existing to date generally use an ionization stage to generate a source of positively charged material (positive ions), an acceleration stage and a neutralization structure.
- the sources of ionization, the accelerating and neutralizing structures can be varied.
- all the propellants existing to date use only the positively charged material (positive ions) for propulsion, the negative charge (electrons) being used only for ionization and neutralization.
- the main idea proposed in the present invention is to use a flow of positive ions and a flow of negative ions for the thrust.
- an electronegative gas gas with strong electronic affinity
- the thrust is therefore provided by the two types of ions, one of the types being positively charged and the other negatively.
- These ion beams are neutralized (for example by recombination) downstream to form a beam of fast neutral molecules which makes it possible to overcome a neutralization structure downstream of the acceleration.
- the subject of the present invention is a plasma propellant comprising the extraction of a flow of positive ions characterized in that it comprises:
- Means for creating an electric field so as to produce the ionization of the gas in the ionization stage Means for creating an electric field so as to produce the ionization of the gas in the ionization stage
- first means for extracting a flow of negative ions • first means for extracting a flow of negative ions, second means for extracting a flow of positive ions, connected to the ionization stage;
- the advantage of the invention lies in particular in the use of a single ionization stage and of a single ionizable gas making it possible to deliver a flow of negative ions and a flow of positive ions of the same amplitude.
- the plasma thruster according to the invention may further comprise means for filtering the electrons released in the ionization stage, during the ionization of the gas.
- the plasma thruster may comprise means for extracting ion flows comprising at least one polarized grid.
- the plasma thruster may include means for creating an electric field comprising two conductive elements placed at the ends of the ionization stage to place said stage energized, or comprising a coil supplied by a radiofrequency current.
- the means for creating an electric field can also be of the helicon antenna type supplied by a radio-frequency current.
- the electronegative gas can be diiode.
- the electronegative gas can be oxygen.
- the plasma thruster may include means for creating an alternating field generating a pulsed plasma (alternating between ON and OFF periods) allowing the extraction of ion fluxes in the OFF period, period during which the electrons are gone (temporal electron filter).
- the plasma thruster can comprise means for generating a static magnetic field within the ionization stage so as to filter the electrons in steady state (spatial filter).
- These means may be permanent magnets placed on the periphery of the ionization stage to create the magnetic field within said ionization stage.
- the plasma thruster may comprise means for extracting flows of negative and positive ions in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field applied at the level of the ionization stage.
- the plasma thruster may comprise a cylinder constituting the ionization stage and at least one peripheral extraction stage mounted on said cylinder and equipped on the surface with polarized grids.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a plasma thruster according to the prior art comprising the propulsion of a positive gas accompanied by a neutralizer.
- FIG. 2 shows schematically an example of a propellant according to the invention comprising an electronegative gas for simultaneously generating a flow of positive ions and a flow of negative ions
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a thruster according to the invention, having two extraction grids positively and negatively polarized
- FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of an alternative extraction stage comprising pairs of positively and negatively polarized grids, according to an example of a thruster similar to that illustrated in FIG. 3.
- the propellant according to the invention comprises a structure supplied with electronegative gas as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2 and comprising:
- a flow of electronegative gas A 2 is introduced into the ionization stage 1. Under the action of an electric field shown diagrammatically by the arrow representative of the electric power Pe, the electronegative gas generates positive ions A + , ions negatives A “ and electrons e " .
- the ionization stage is coupled to a filtering stage 2 of the electrons so as to have in the extraction stage 3 a plasma of positive ions and negative ions devoid of electrons by means of filtering, which may for example be a static magnetic field. Plasma extraction is ensured in the case here diagrammed by two grids polarized negatively 4 and positively 5.
- the thrust is therefore provided by the two types of ions (the negative charge and the positive charge). Neutralization downstream is no longer necessary because the ion beams neutralize downstream (recombination) to form a beam of fast neutral molecules.
- the ionization stage 1 can use any type of coupling of the electrical energy to the plasma (let us quote for example: two plates polarized continuously, at low frequency or in radio frequency, a coil supplied in radio frequency for a coupling inductive, or microwave source.
- the filtering stage 2 can be carried out in at least two ways:
- m e, ⁇ and u e, ⁇ are respectively the mass and the speed of the electrons or the ions, e is the elementary charge, and B the amplitude of the magnetic field.
- the extraction stage 3 can be made up of accelerating grids, the dimensions of which are not necessarily similar to those of conventional grid thrusters, since the properties of space charge sheaths are different in the absence of electrons.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a possible prototype which is only one example among the possible prototypes.
- the system comprises a horizontal cylinder: the ionization stage 1, where the dense plasma is generated by application of a radio frequency voltage at 13.56 MHz on an antenna of the "helicon" type, represented by the acronym RF.
- Helicon sources are known to produce very efficient ionization.
- This cylinder also comprises means 6 for introducing the ionizable gas into the ionization stage.
- Diode I 2 is used as fuel. It is a very electronegative gas allowing to form a large quantity of heavy negative ions (the higher the mass the higher the thrust is important; the mass of I 2 is 254 uma (atomic mass unit).
- the ionization threshold of the diiode is low (10.5 eV to form I + ) which favors the formation of positive ions at low energy cost, however any electronegative gas can a priori be used (for example oxygen).
- static magnetic field B with an intensity of the order of 0.01 -0.1 Tesla is applied in the source cylinder, making it possible to confine the electrons in the cylinder, as represented on figure 3. It can be generated by circulation of direct current in coils or by permanent magnets (positioned on the periphery of the cylinder and not shown).
- stages can typically be equipped with polarized grids, as shown in FIG. 3, to generate on the one hand a flow of negative ions I x " and a flow of positive ions l y + .
- the positive and negative ions generated in l ionization stage (the horizontal cylinder) radiate radially in the extraction stages because, unlike electrons, they are not magnetized (the magnetic field is quite weak and their mass is very high, so that their Larmor radius is much greater than the radius of the cylinder).
- the extraction stages 3 illustrated in perspective in FIG. 4 can also operate with pairs of grids 41 and 51 (the system shown in the figures has four pairs, two on each side); one is negatively polarized to accelerate positive ions, the other is positively polarized to accelerate negative ions.
- the extraction zones can have different geometric shapes; any geometry is possible and will seek to maximize the extraction surface.
- the two beams of extracted ions neutralize themselves downstream (in space). Neutralization is therefore automatic and does not require an additional electron beam.
- the two beams can also recombine to form a beam of fast neutral molecules.
- an acceleration voltage of 1000V obtained by polarizing the extraction grids so as to optimize the ion optics
- a density of ion current of 10 mA / cm 2 a density of ion current of 10 mA / cm 2 , and thus a total current extracted of the order of 5A.
- this current corresponds to a mass flow rate of ejected fuel of 6.5 mg / s.
- the ion ejection speed will be 40 km / s. Referring to the equations presented in the introduction, this mass flow and this ejection speed lead to the following performances: a thrust of 250 mN for a specific pulse of 4000s.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0512417A FR2894301B1 (en) | 2005-12-07 | 2005-12-07 | ELECTRONEGATIVE PLASMA THRUSTER |
PCT/EP2006/069387 WO2007065915A1 (en) | 2005-12-07 | 2006-12-06 | Electronegative plasma motor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1957792A1 true EP1957792A1 (en) | 2008-08-20 |
EP1957792B1 EP1957792B1 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
Family
ID=37067429
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06830423.7A Not-in-force EP1957792B1 (en) | 2005-12-07 | 2006-12-06 | Electronegative plasma thruster |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9603232B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1957792B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2894301B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007065915A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB0614342D0 (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2006-08-30 | Qinetiq Ltd | Electric propulsion system |
FR2931212B1 (en) | 2008-05-19 | 2010-06-04 | Astrium Sas | ELECTRIC PROPULSEUR FOR A SPATIAL VEHICLE |
FR2939173B1 (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2010-12-17 | Ecole Polytech | ELECTRONEGATIVE PLASMA PROPELLER WITH OPTIMIZED INJECTION. |
GB0823391D0 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2009-01-28 | Qinetiq Ltd | Electric propulsion |
FR2965697B1 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2014-01-03 | Astrium Sas | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FORMING A PLASMA BEAM. |
RU2509228C2 (en) * | 2012-04-02 | 2014-03-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Ракетно-космическая корпорация "Энергия" имени С.П. Королева" | Model of stationary plasma engine |
US9856862B2 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2018-01-02 | Wesley Gordon Faler | Hybrid electric propulsion for spacecraft |
FR3020235B1 (en) | 2014-04-17 | 2016-05-27 | Ecole Polytech | DEVICE FOR FORMING A NEAR-NEUTRAL BEAM OF PARTICLES OF OPPOSED LOADS. |
FR3046520B1 (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2018-06-22 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique - Cnrs | PLASMA BEAM GENERATION SYSTEM WITH CLOSED ELECTRON DERIVATIVE AND PROPELLER COMPRISING SUCH A SYSTEM |
US11834204B1 (en) | 2018-04-05 | 2023-12-05 | Nano-Product Engineering, LLC | Sources for plasma assisted electric propulsion |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3263415A (en) * | 1961-03-06 | 1966-08-02 | Aerojet General Co | Ion propulsion device |
US3177654A (en) * | 1961-09-26 | 1965-04-13 | Ryan Aeronautical Company | Electric aerospace propulsion system |
US6609363B1 (en) * | 1999-08-19 | 2003-08-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Iodine electric propulsion thrusters |
US7115881B2 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2006-10-03 | Mario Rabinowitz | Positioning and motion control by electrons, ions, and neutrals in electric fields |
US6996972B2 (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2006-02-14 | The Boeing Company | Method of ionizing a liquid propellant and an electric thruster implementing such a method |
US20060042224A1 (en) | 2004-08-30 | 2006-03-02 | Daw Shien Scientific Research & Development, Inc. | Dual-plasma jet thruster with fuel cell |
US7420182B2 (en) * | 2005-04-27 | 2008-09-02 | Busek Company | Combined radio frequency and hall effect ion source and plasma accelerator system |
-
2005
- 2005-12-07 FR FR0512417A patent/FR2894301B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-12-06 WO PCT/EP2006/069387 patent/WO2007065915A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-12-06 US US12/096,534 patent/US9603232B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-06 EP EP06830423.7A patent/EP1957792B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2007065915A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2007065915A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
FR2894301B1 (en) | 2011-11-18 |
US20080271430A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
EP1957792B1 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
FR2894301A1 (en) | 2007-06-08 |
US9603232B2 (en) | 2017-03-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1957792B1 (en) | Electronegative plasma thruster | |
EP2359001B1 (en) | Electronegative plasma thruster with optimized injection | |
EP1496727B1 (en) | Closed electron drift plasma accelerator | |
RU2445510C2 (en) | Low-thrust rocket engine for space vehicle | |
EP2798209B1 (en) | Plasma thruster and method for generating propulsive plasma thrust | |
US10590919B2 (en) | Ground based systems and methods for testing reaction thrusters | |
EP3320208B1 (en) | Hall-effect thruster usable at high altitude | |
EP3344873A1 (en) | Gridded ion thruster with integrated solid propellant | |
US9856862B2 (en) | Hybrid electric propulsion for spacecraft | |
US7637461B1 (en) | Approaches to actively protect spacecraft from damage due to collisions with ions | |
EP3250822B1 (en) | Hall effect thruster, and spacecraft including such a thruster | |
EP1619123A2 (en) | Staged emitter-attractor ion drive | |
US7773362B1 (en) | Accelerator system and method of accelerating particles | |
Emsellem | Electrodeless plasma thruster design | |
WO2017115023A1 (en) | Closed system for generating a plasma beam with electron drift and thruster comprising such a system | |
WO1997034449A1 (en) | Corona ion engine | |
Guyot et al. | Micro hall effect thruster for nanosatellite propulsion | |
GB2235332A (en) | Collective ion accelerator propulsion engine | |
Petrescu | About the ionic engines | |
Spiess | Study of the synthesized plasma resulting from forced neutralization of a mercury ions beam |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20080602 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: F03H 1/00 20060101AFI20161020BHEP Ipc: H05H 1/54 20060101ALI20161020BHEP |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20161122 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE Owner name: CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 886236 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20170515 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602006052332 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MP Effective date: 20170419 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 886236 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20170419 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170419 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170419 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170419 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170720 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170419 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170419 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170419 Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170819 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170419 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170419 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170719 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602006052332 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170419 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170419 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170419 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170419 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170419 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170419 |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20180122 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170419 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20171206 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20171231 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20171206 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20180925 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20171231 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20171231 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20171231 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20181210 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20181218 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170419 Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20061206 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20170419 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170419 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170419 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 602006052332 Country of ref document: DE |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20191206 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200701 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20191206 Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20191231 |